Deep Impact (spacecraft)

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other side, would create an impact crater, would open up a hole in the interior of the comet, and other theories. However, twenty-four hours before impact, the flight team at JPL began privately expressing a high level of confidence that, barring any unforeseen technical glitches, the spacecraft would intercept Tempel 1. One senior personnel member stated "All we can do now is sit back and wait. Everything we can technically do to ensure impact has been done." In the final minutes as the Impactor hit the comet, more than 10,000 people watched the collision on a giant movie screen at Hawaii's

1481: 1503:'s website were invited to submit their name between May 2003 and January 2004, and the names gathered—some 625,000 in all—were then burnt onto a mini-CD, which was attached to the Impactor. Dr. Don Yeomans, a member of the spacecraft's scientific team, stated "this is an opportunity to become part of an extraordinary space mission ... when the craft is launched in December 2004, yours and the names of your loved-ones can hitch along for the ride and be part of what may be the best space fireworks show in history." The idea was credited with driving interest in the mission. 4848: 96: 1062:

the signal to get back to Earth, so you cannot joystick this thing. You have to rely on the fact that the Impactor is a smart spacecraft as is the Flyby spacecraft. So you have to build in the intelligence ahead of time and let it do its thing." On June 23, 2005, the first of the two final trajectory correct maneuvers (targeting maneuver) was successfully executed. A 6 m/s (20 ft/s) velocity change was needed to adjust the flight path towards the comet and target the Impactor at a window in space about 100 kilometers (62 mi) wide.

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morning, ask yourself Why? and then get in touch with us." On August 9, 2005, the Presnensky Court of Moscow ruled against Bay, although she did attempt to appeal the result. One Russian physicist said that the impact had no effect on Earth and "the change to the orbit of the comet after the collision was only about 10 cm (3.9 in)."

1555:" to use small telescopes to make long-term observations of the target comet before and after impact. The purpose of these observations was to look for "volatile outgassing, dust coma development and dust production rates, dust tail development, and jet activity and outbursts." By mid-2007, amateur astronomers had submitted over a thousand 1732:(280–194 million km) from the spacecraft. It was found that the outgassing from the comet varies with a period of 10.4 hours, which is presumed to be due to the rotation of its nucleus. The dry ice content of the comet was measured and found to be about ten percent of its water ice content by number of molecules. 1781:

mission status report explained that mission controllers believe the computers on the spacecraft are continuously rebooting themselves and so are unable to issue any commands to the vehicle's thrusters. As a result of this problem, communication with the spacecraft was explained to be more difficult,

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team leader, explained "We propose to direct the spacecraft for a flyby of Comet Boethin to investigate whether the results found at Comet Tempel 1 are unique or are also found on other comets." The $ 40 million mission would provide about half of the information as the collision of Tempel 1 but

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The Flyby spacecraft performed one of two divert maneuvers to avoid damage. A 14-minute burn was executed which slowed down the spacecraft. It was also reported that the communication link between the Flyby and the Impactor was functioning as expected. The Impactor executed three correction maneuvers

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rockets were fired as planned to correct the spacecraft's course. This correction was so precise that the next planned correction maneuver on March 31, 2005, was unnecessary and canceled. The "commissioning phase" verified that all instruments were activated and checked out. During these tests it was

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on the comet. NASA scientists stated they could not see the new crater that had formed from the Impactor, but it was later discovered to be about 100 meters wide and up to 30 meters (98 ft) deep. Lucy McFadden, one of the co-investigators of the impact, stated "We didn't expect the success

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called the "Spectral Imaging Module" or SIM that operates on a spectral band from 1.05 to 4.8 micrometres. It has been optimized for observing the comet's nucleus. The MRI is the backup device, and was used primarily for navigation during the final 10-day approach. It also has a filter wheel, with a

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mission was planned to help answer fundamental questions about comets, which included what makes up the composition of the comet's nucleus, what depth the crater would reach from the impact, and where the comet originated in its formation. By observing the composition of the comet, astronomers hoped

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On September 3, 2013, a mission update was posted to the EPOXI mission status website, stating "Communication with the spacecraft was lost some time between August 11 and August 14 ... The last communication was on August 8. ... the team on August 30 determined the cause of the problem. The team is

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The impact was a substantial news event reported and discussed online, in print, and on television. There was a genuine suspense because experts held widely differing opinions over the result of the impact. Various experts debated whether the Impactor would go straight through the comet and out the

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observed two outbursts of activity from the comet, the latter being six times larger than the former. The spacecraft studied the images of various distant stars to determine its current trajectory and position. Don Yeomans, a mission co-investigator for JPL pointed out that "it takes 7½ minutes for

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which were found by studying the spectroscopy of the impact. Clays and carbonates usually require liquid water to form and sodium is rare in space. Observations also revealed that the comet was about 75% empty space, and one astronomer compared the outer layers of the comet to the same makeup of a

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The impactor returned images as late as three seconds before impact. Most of the data captured was stored on board the Flyby spacecraft, which radioed approximately 4,500 images from the HRI, MRI, and ITS cameras to Earth over the next few days. The energy from the collision was similar in size to

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The Impactor's payload, dubbed the "Cratering Mass", was 100% copper, with a weight of 100 kg. Including this cratering mass, copper formed 49% of total mass of the Impactor (with aluminium at 24% of the total mass); this was to minimize interference with scientific measurements. Since copper

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The Impactor section of the spacecraft contains an instrument that is optically identical to the MRI, called the Impactor Targeting Sensor (ITS), but without the filter wheel. Its dual purpose was to sense the Impactor's trajectory, which could then be adjusted up to four times between release and

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for the impact which "ruin the natural balance of forces in the universe." Her lawyer asked the public to volunteer to help in the claim by declaring "The impact changed the magnetic properties of the comet, and this could have affected mobile telephony here on Earth. If your phone went down this

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Initial results were surprising as the material excavated by the impact contained more dust and less ice than had been expected. The only models of cometary structure astronomers could positively rule out were the very porous ones which had comets as loose aggregates of material. In addition, the

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On May 4, 2005, the spacecraft executed its second trajectory correction maneuver. Burning its rocket engine for 95 seconds, the spacecraft speed was changed by 18.2 km/h (11.3 mph). Rick Grammier, the project manager for the mission at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, reacted to the

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spacecraft traveled 429 million km (267 million mi) in 174 days to reach comet Tempel 1 at a cruising speed of 28.6 km/s (103,000 km/h; 64,000 mph). Once the spacecraft reached the vicinity of the comet on July 3, 2005, it separated into the Impactor and Flyby

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On July 5, 2005, the surviving original members of The Comets (ranging in age from 71–84) performed a free concert for hundreds of employees of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to help them celebrate the mission's success. This event received worldwide press attention. In February 2006, the

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mission as an opportunity to highlight the efficiency of American science because public support ensured the possibility of funding long-term research. By contrast, "in China, the public usually has no idea what our scientists are doing, and limited funding for the promotion of science weakens

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which it would reach on January 4, 2020. At the time of re-targeting, whether or not a related science mission would be carried out in 2020 was yet to be determined, based on NASA's budget and the health of the probe. A 71-second engine burn on October 4, 2012, changed the probe's velocity by

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The "cruise phase" began on March 25, 2005, immediately after the commissioning phase was completed. This phase continued until about 60 days before the encounter with comet Tempel 1. On April 25, 2005, the probe acquired the first image of its target at a distance of 64 million km

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showed that the comet continued outgassing from the impact for 13 days, with a peak five days after impact. A total of 5 million kg (11 million lb) of water and between 10 and 25 million kg (22 and 55 million lb) of dust were lost from the impact.

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extended mission (EPOXI) returned images from comet Hartley 2. EPOXI came within 700 kilometers (430 mi) of the comet, returning detailed photographs of the "peanut" shaped cometary nucleus and several bright jets. The probe's medium-resolution instrument captured the photographs.

1701:(including earth gravity assists in December 2007 and December 2008). On May 28, 2010, a burn of 11.3 seconds was conducted, to enable the June 27 Earth fly-by to be optimized for the transit to Hartley 2 and fly-by on November 4. The velocity change was 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s). 690:, and optical navigation to its destination near the comet. The spacecraft also carried two cameras, the High Resolution Imager (HRI), and the Medium Resolution Imager (MRI). The HRI is an imaging device that combines a visible-light camera with a filter wheel, and an imaging 1338:

snow bank. Astronomers have expressed interest in more missions to different comets to determine if they share similar compositions or if there are different materials found deeper within comets that were produced at the time of the Solar System's formation.

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consists of two main sections, the 372-kilogram (820 lb) copper-core "Smart Impactor" that impacted the comet, and the 601 kg (1,325 lb) "Flyby" section, which imaged the comet from a safe distance during the encounter with Tempel 1.

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probe in flight, interspersed with footage of Bill Haley & His Comets performing in 1955 and the surviving original members of The Comets performing in March 2005. The video was posted to NASA's website for a couple of weeks afterwards.

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was placed into a new orbit so that it passed by Tempel 1 at a distance of approximately 200 km (120 mi) on February 15, 2011, at 04:42 UTC. This was the first time that a comet was visited by two probes on separate occasions

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in Hawaii (the students operated the telescope over the Internet) and were one of the first groups to get images of the impact. One amateur astronomer reported seeing a structureless bright cloud around the comet, and an estimated

953:. Developing the software for the spacecraft took 18 months and the application code consisted of 20,000 lines and 19 different application threads. The total cost of developing the spacecraft and completing its mission reached 1672:

approached, astronomers were unable to locate Comet Boethin, which may have broken up into pieces too faint to be observed. Consequently, its orbit could not be calculated with sufficient precision to permit a flyby.

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to determine how comets form based on the differences between the interior and exterior makeup of the comet. Observations of the impact and its aftermath would allow astronomers to attempt to answer these questions.

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Explosives would also have been superfluous. At its closing velocity of 10.2 km/s, the Impactor's kinetic energy was equivalent to 4.8 tonnes of TNT, considerably more than its actual mass of only 372 kg.

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The Flyby spacecraft is about 3.3 meters (10.8 ft) long, 1.7 meters (5.6 ft) wide and 2.3 meters (7.5 ft) high. It includes two solar panels, a debris shield, and several science instruments for

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A comet-impact mission was first proposed to NASA in 1996, but at the time, NASA engineers were skeptical that the target could be hit. In 1999, a revised and technologically upgraded mission proposal, dubbed

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sections. The Impactor used its thrusters to move into the path of the comet, impacting 24 hours later at a relative speed of 10.3 km/s (37,000 km/h; 23,000 mph). The Impactor delivered

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catalyst beds. The spacecraft's thrusters were used to detumble the spacecraft following third stage separation. On January 13, 2005, NASA announced that the probe was out of safe mode and healthy.

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The probe was originally scheduled for launch on December 30, 2004, but NASA officials delayed its launch, in order to allow more time for testing the software. It was successfully launched from

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was not expected to be found on a comet, scientists could ignore copper's signature in any spectrometer readings. Instead of using explosives, it was also cheaper to use copper as the payload.

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above). This milestone marks the beginning of an intensive period of observations to refine knowledge of the comet's orbit and study the comet's rotation, activity, and dust environment.

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mission was the first to eject material from a comet's surface, and the mission garnered considerable publicity from the media, international scientists, and amateur astronomers alike.

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Sekanina, Zdenek; Kracht, Rainer (May 8, 2014). Disintegration of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) Shortly Before Perihelion: Evidence From Independent Data Sets (Report). p. (49 pages).

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impact, and to image the comet from close range. As the Impactor neared the comet's surface, this camera took high-resolution pictures of the nucleus (as good as 0.2 meters per

7610: 1293:. Don Yeomans confirmed the results for the press, "We hit it just exactly where we wanted to" and JPL Director Charles Elachi stated "The success exceeded our expectations." 3952: 1749:

2 m/s (6.6 ft/s) to keep the mission on track. Also, there was a 140-second burn on November 24, 2011. Distance of a flyby would not be more than 400 kilometers.

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state of health was uncertain during the first day after launch. Shortly after entering orbit around the Sun and deploying its solar panels, the probe switched itself to

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One notable amateur observation was by students from schools in Hawaii, working with US and UK scientists, who during the press conference took live images using the

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Impact phase began nominally on June 29, 2005, five days before impact. The Impactor successfully separated from the Flyby spacecraft on July 3 at 6:00 UTC (6:07 UTC

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period. After mission members investigated the problem, on June 9, 2005, it was announced that by using image processing software and the mathematical technique of

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as the orientation of the vehicle's antennas is unknown. Additionally, the solar panels on the vehicle may no longer be positioned correctly for generating power.

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maneuver stating that "spacecraft performance has been excellent, and this burn was no different... it was a textbook maneuver that placed us right on the money."

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Just minutes after the impact, the Flyby probe passed by the nucleus at a close distance of 500 km (310 mi), taking pictures of the crater position, the

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On September 20, 2013, NASA abandoned further attempts to contact the craft. According to chief scientist A'Hearn, the reason for the software malfunction was a

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collision was not satisfactory, on July 3, 2007, NASA approved the New Exploration of Tempel 1 (or NExT) mission. The mission utilized the already existing

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region of the Solar System. A comet which forms farther from the Sun is expected to have greater amounts of ices with low freezing temperatures, such as

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The approach phase extended from 60 days before encounter (May 5, 2005) until five days before encounter. Sixty days out was the earliest time that the

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of one part of the mission to affect a second part . But that is part of the fun of science, to meet with the unexpected." Analysis of data from the

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The original plan was for a December 5, 2008, flyby of Comet Boethin, coming within 700 kilometers (430 mi) of the comet. Michael A'Hearn, the

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executed a trajectory correction maneuver that allows the spacecraft to use Earth's gravity to begin a new mission in a path towards another comet.

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The Impactor was maneuvered to plant itself in front of the comet, so that Tempel 1 would collide with it. Impact occurred at 05:45 UTC (05:52 UTC

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had been visited by several probes within a few weeks in 1986), and it provided an opportunity to better observe the crater that was created by

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spacecraft was expected to detect the comet with its MRI camera. In fact, the comet was spotted ahead of schedule, 69 days before impact (see

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single to reach No. 1 on the recording sales charts. Within 24 hours of the mission's success, a 2-minute music video produced by

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Two days after the US mission succeeded in having a probe collide with a comet, China revealed a plan: landing a probe on a small comet or

1146:, +/− up to three minutes, one-way light time = 7m 26s) on the morning of July 4, 2005, within one second of the expected time for impact. 2697: 1265: 578:. These missions were able to photograph and examine only the surfaces of cometary nuclei, and even then from considerable distances. The 8465: 8285: 8140: 6489: 6206: 5792: 5500: 5272: 3768: 3405: 6621: 5611: 5304: 4595: 4083: 1104: 3026: 1724:

from February 20 to April 8, 2012, using its Medium Resolution Instrument, through a variety of filters. The comet was 1.75–2.11

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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

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of low-cost spacecraft. The two spacecraft (Impactor and Flyby) and the three main instruments were built and integrated by

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Extended Investigation) to visit other comets, after being put to sleep in 2005 upon completion of the Tempel 1 mission.

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would use its spectrometer to study the comet's surface composition and its telescope for viewing the surface features.

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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).

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Upon the completion of its primary mission, proposals were made to further utilize the spacecraft. Consequently,

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increase in brightness after the impact. Another amateur published a map of the crash area from NASA images.

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The mission was notable for one of its promotional campaigns, "Send Your Name To A Comet!". Visitors to the

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In the post-impact briefing on July 4, 2005, at 08:00 UTC, the first processed images revealed existing

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Experts came up with a range of soundbites to summarize the mission to the public. Iwan Williams of

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mission coincided with celebrations in the Los Angeles area marking the 50th anniversary of "

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into the comet. At 05:52 UTC on July 4, 2005, the Impactor successfully collided with the comet's

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Mission control did not become aware of the Impactor's success until five minutes later at 05:57

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had been created using images of the impact itself combined with computer animation of the

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to push it off course. China said it would begin the mission after sending a probe to the

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as well as observing the changes caused by the comet's latest close approach to the Sun.

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3.3 × 1.7 × 2.3 m (10.8 × 5.6 × 7.5 ft)

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Astronomers hypothesized, based on its interior chemistry, that the comet formed in the

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embarked on an extended mission designated EPOXI (Extrasolar Planet Observation and

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flew by Earth on December 31, 2007, on its way to an extended mission, designated

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Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. indicates mission failures.

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Tune, Lee; Steigerwald, Bill; Hautaluoma, Grey; Agle, D.C. (December 13, 2007).

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on January 12, 2005. It was designed to study the interior composition of the

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Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned

4476: 4316: 2035: 1694: 1396: 924: 838: 694: 598: 564: 549:. The impact excavated debris from the interior of the nucleus, forming an 4049: 3305: 3268:. MosNews.com. August 11, 2005. Archived from the original on May 21, 2007 1281: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8605: 8585: 8358: 7379: 7346: 6884: 6666: 6266: 3211: 2481:"Boeing Launches NASA Deep Impact Spacecraft to Intercept Comet Tempel 1" 1646: 1341: 853: 527: 731: 8709: 8677: 8599: 8390: 8369: 8295: 7062: 6980: 5888: 5847: 5827: 5822: 5730: 5140: 4808: 4490: 3631: 1964: 1762: 1552: 1536: 1464: 1457: 1369: 833: 674: 3466:"Welcome to the Deep Impact Mission's Small Telescope Science Program" 1259:

High Resolution Instrument, Visual CCD (HRIV) during encounter (video)

8609: 8592: 8522: 8503: 8444: 8404: 7742: 7735: 7663: 7373: 7258: 7009: 7002: 6956: 6857: 6851: 6409: 6226: 6196: 6021: 5929: 5698: 5563: 5558: 5179: 5173: 5130: 5056: 4960: 4177: 1826: 1814: 1405: 1326: 791: 665: 499: 452: 5478: 3542:. Reviews & News about Bill Haley and The Comets. Archived from 1681: 1551:

scientists called upon "advanced amateur, student, and professional

1271:

Impactor Targeting Sensor, Visual CCD (ITS) during encounter (video)

8713: 8681: 8558: 8438: 8352: 8281: 7943: 7626: 7605: 7179: 6719: 6149: 6067: 5691: 5523: 5125: 5044: 4933: 4759: 4547: 4537: 3775:, media release 2010-185, NASA, May 28, 2010, accessed June 1, 2010 3216: 1867:"Delta Launch Report: Overview of NASA's Deep Impact comet mission" 1774:

now trying to determine how best to try to recover communication."

1520: 1436: 1334: 1181: 1151: 1022: 1002: 970: 896: 747: 691: 538: 363: 340: 261: 57: 3877: 2751:"Design, Development, and Operations of the Big Event at Tempel 1" 1384:

Because the quality of the images of the crater formed during the

8731: 8643: 8563: 8552: 8476: 8399: 8347: 8065: 7842: 7632: 7453: 7436: 7302: 7265: 6807: 6782: 6139: 6134: 6087: 5735: 5456: 5266: 4980: 4896: 4333: 4229: 4202: 4172: 3656:"Deep Impact Mission: Aiming For Close-ups Of Extrasolar Planets" 3517: 3413: 2725:"Deep Impact Launches Projectile to Blow Hole in Comet (Update1)" 2587:"NASA's Deep Impact Spacecraft Spots Its Quarry, Stalking Begins" 1366: 1233: 1001:

found that the HRI images were not in focus after it underwent a

802:

determined the crater's diameter to be 150 meters (490 ft).

1735: 1440:

The image of the impact which was widely circulated in the media

1415:

On February 15, NASA scientists identified the crater formed by

8700: 8627: 8623: 8517: 8513: 8394: 7960: 7271: 7157: 7152: 6772: 6752: 6738: 6714: 6509: 6400: 6278: 6109: 5802: 5528: 5359: 4948: 4943: 4853: 3795: 3793: 1820: 1728:(262–316 million km) from the Sun and 1.87–1.30 1697:. However, this would require an extra two years of travel for 1373: 1362: 1330: 1285:

Mission team members celebrate after the impact with the comet.

806: 717:

The mission coincidentally shared its name with the 1998 film,

288: 1184:, imaged from 4.2 million km at the start of Impact phase 30: 8639: 7801: 7235: 7213: 6829: 6447: 6330: 6322: 6114: 5415: 4906: 4768: 4253: 4197: 3714:. Fox News. Associated Press. January 2, 2008. Archived from 3628:"Deep Impact's Latest Comet Flyby Yields Plenty of Surprises" 3469: 1989: 1625: 910: 774: 703: 590: 535: 428: 404: 380: 265: 4016: 3790: 2585:

Beasley, Dolores; Hupp, Erica; Agle, D.C. (April 27, 2005).

1484:

The CD containing the 625,000 names is added to the Impactor

1313:

material was finer than expected; scientists compared it to

1196:

Impactor imaged by Flyby spacecraft shortly after separation

8125: 7837: 7501: 6532: 4106: 1524: 1322: 1321:. Other materials found while studying the impact included 1318: 1017: 524: 204: 68: 8794: 4105: 2648:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. June 28, 2005. Archived from 2646:"NASA's Deep Impact Craft Observes Major Comet "Outburst"" 735:

Cameras of the Flyby spacecraft, HRI at right, MRI at left

3785:

Deep Impact MRI Observations Of Comet Garradd (C/2009 P1)

3266:"Court Rejects Russian Astrologer's Lawsuit Against NASA" 2615: 1530: 1290: 969:

on January 12, 2005, at 1:47 pm EST (1847 UTC) by a

783: 638: 251: 8214: 3924:"NASA calls off search for lost Deep Impact comet probe" 3821:– spaceflightnow.com – Stephen Clark – December 17, 2011 3787:

Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System, October 2012.

3108:"Comet Tempel-1 May Have Formed in Giant Planets Region" 2408:. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. Archived from 1992:"Deep Impact Extended Mission Heads for Comet Hartley 2" 660: 4785:

List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces

3032:. vigyanprasar. January 2006. p. 5. Archived from 1110:

June 27, 7 days from impact, near end of approach phase

625:. He led the science team, which included members from 8869:

University of Maryland, College Park research projects

4780:

List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

2336:"Composition of a Comet Poses a Puzzle for Scientists" 2125: 1837:

List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

8759: 3735: 3733: 3712:"Space Probe Slingshots Around Earth On Way to Comet" 2459:"Rocket trouble stalls launch of Deep Impact mission" 1475: 4646: 4072:

at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node

4037:

at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node

3819:

Deep Impact sets path for asteroid encounter in 2020

2384:"Deep Impact: Mission: How Deep Impact got its name" 1817:

to study the effect of impact on asteroid trajectory

1220:

Impactor close-up image, taken shortly before impact

1154:

and the comet shone six times brighter than normal.

2538:"Deep Impact's comet-watching telescope is blurred" 2269:"Deep Impact Flyby and Impactor Telecommunications" 2160:"NASA Launches "Deep Impact" Craft for Comet Smash" 1813: – Similar mission that impacted the asteroid 875:

trajectory from January 12, 2005, to August 8, 2013

3730: 3110:. SpaceRef.com. September 19, 2005. Archived from 1965:"Probe launched to smack heart of wandering comet" 1768: 1765:. The comet remained observable until March 2013. 3900:Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne (September 10, 2013). 3889:. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP). 3468:. Small Science Telescope Program. Archived from 3328:"Your Name Could Make a 'Deep Impact' on a Comet" 2957:"Deep Impact collision ejected the stuff of life" 1649:, but with some complications. On July 21, 2005, 960: 655:Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik 8845: 3984:"Re: [tz] Deep Impact: wrong time zone?" 3953:"NASA Declares End to Deep Impact Comet Mission" 3679: 3677: 3584: 3051: 2872:. Associated Press. July 4, 2005. Archived from 2690: 1463:One day after the impact, Marina Bay, a Russian 144:Final: 8 years, 6 months, 26 days 2950: 2948: 2670: 2584: 2529: 3870: 3864: 3355:"625,000 names to be vaporised in Deep Impact" 2898:. NewsFromRussia. July 4, 2005. Archived from 2835:"NASA's Deep Impact Tells a Tale of the Comet" 2561:"Deep Impact Team Solves Blurry Photo Problem" 2450: 1821:Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite 1645:Its first extended visit was to do a flyby of 837:. The impact was also observed by cameras and 8200: 7576: 7562: 6664: 6650: 6004: 5990: 5494: 4745: 4091: 3674: 3484: 3406:"After US, China plans "Deep Impact" mission" 2979:"Mission Results: Excavating Comet 9P/Tempel" 2756:. Deep Impact Comet Encounter. Archived from 2057: 2055: 2053: 1736:Possible mission to asteroid (163249) 2002 GT 3831:Deep Impact Spacecraft Completes Rocket Burn 3621: 3619: 3617: 3442:. Amateur Observers' Program. Archived from 2945: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2235: 2151: 1712: 1535:Since observing time on large, professional 941:, was accepted and funded as part of NASA's 39:space probe after deployment of the Impactor 3904:. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory 3809:NASA/University of Maryland, July 12, 2012. 3204: 2971: 2606: 2604: 2513:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from 1962: 1676: 556:Previous space missions to comets, such as 8207: 8193: 7569: 7555: 6657: 6643: 5997: 5983: 5501: 5487: 4752: 4738: 4098: 4084: 3824: 3766:NASA Spacecraft Burns For Home, Then Comet 3683: 3650: 3648: 3346: 2914: 2353: 2294:"NASA's Deep Impact Spacecraft Blasts Off" 2261: 2050: 1958: 1956: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1345:'Before and after' comparison images from 852:determined the composition of the gas and 94: 5269:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2026) 5182:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2025) 4452: 3902:"Team Attempts to Restore Communications" 3899: 3876: 3614: 3510: 3398: 3372: 3232: 3162:. NASA. February 18, 2011. Archived from 2888: 2722: 2716: 2671:Duignan-Cabrera, Anthony (July 4, 2005). 2664: 2322: 2211: 2209: 1858: 1752: 1616:included a reference to the JPL concert. 1456:, said "It was like a mosquito hitting a 617:The mission's Principal Investigator was 3558: 3178: 3077: 2993: 2858: 2856: 2673:"Bullseye: Deep Impact Slams Into Comet" 2601: 2504: 2502: 2433: 2429: 2427: 2286: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 1884: 1680: 1612:citation that officially named asteroid 1495:participation certificate of Mathias Rex 1487: 1479: 1435: 1340: 1280: 1119: 1016: 863: 856:cloud that was kicked up by the impact. 738: 730: 664: 637:, Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, 185:Spacecraft: 601 kg (1,325 lb) 8889:Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets 4662: 4468: 3982:Wallace, Malcolm (September 23, 2013). 3981: 3950: 3836: 3645: 3258: 2920: 2157: 1953: 1910: 1689:In November 2007 the JPL team targeted 8846: 3842: 3812: 3083: 3019: 2700:. Deep Impact homepage. Archived from 2626:from the original on February 28, 2021 2483:. Boeing Image Gallery. Archived from 2473: 2206: 2192:"Deep Impact: Technology: Instruments" 2063:"Deep Impact: Mission Science Q&A" 2034:Lamie, William E. (January 13, 2006). 1983: 1531:Contributions from amateur astronomers 1506: 1139:in the final two hours before impact. 762:at 18:47 UTC on January 12, 2005, the 723:, in which a comet strikes the Earth. 8188: 7707:Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer 7550: 6638: 5978: 5904:Planetary Defense Coordination Office 5899:Space Situational Awareness Programme 5508: 5482: 4733: 4645: 4451: 4121: 4120: 4079: 3704: 3684:Sutherland, Paul (November 3, 2006). 3566:"The Comets rock for NASA scientists" 3532: 3352: 3320: 3294: 2954: 2853: 2827: 2775: 2552: 2499: 2424: 2375: 2333: 2184: 2033: 2014: 1640: 661:Spacecraft design and instrumentation 6617: 3625: 3458: 3380:"Deep impact for Chinese scientists" 3238: 3212:"Astrologer's comet lawsuit lingers" 2999: 2896:"NASA is sued for Deep Impact probe" 2837:. NASA. July 8, 2005. Archived from 2809:"NASA probe strikes Comet 9P/Tempel" 2801: 2785:. NASA. July 4, 2005. Archived from 2743: 2638: 2578: 2558: 2398: 2381: 2334:Chang, Kenneth (September 7, 2005). 2158:Lovgren, Stefan (January 12, 2005). 2135:. NASA. May 11, 2005. Archived from 2091:. National Space Science Data Center 2081: 1996:University of Maryland, College Park 1934:. NASA. January 2005. Archived from 1832:Timeline of Solar System exploration 1668:However, as the December 2007 Earth 390:December 31, 2007, 19:29:20 UTC 8904:Space probes decommissioned in 2013 5188:(multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028) 3975: 3951:Vergano, Dan (September 20, 2013). 3686:"Deep Impact will fly to new comet" 3432: 3330:. NASA. May 9, 2003. Archived from 3241:"Russian sues Nasa for comet upset" 3186:"Nasa probe strikes Comet Tempel 1" 3134:"Stardust NExT: Status Report 2009" 3002:"Impactor ejects mighty water mass" 2955:McKee, Maggie (September 7, 2005). 2612:"Deep Impact Mission Status Report" 2535: 2456: 2133:"NASA – The Deep Impact Spacecraft" 1864: 1685:Comet Hartley 2 on November 4, 2010 1619: 1516:people's enthusiasm for research." 698:slightly different set of filters. 604: 462:November 4, 2010, 13:50:57 UTC 187:Impactor: 372 kg (820 lb) 13: 7719:Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer 4055:by NASA's Solar System Exploration 4046:by NASA's Solar System Exploration 3540:"Clockathon rocks Hollywood, NASA" 3492:"Deep Impact/Tempel 1 Observation" 2923:"NASA Hails a Direct Hit on Comet" 1574: 1476:Send Your Name To A Comet campaign 1426: 1232:The moment of impact, as shown on 726: 14: 8915: 8109:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher 8056:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 7531:List of extraterrestrial orbiters 6456:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 4711:indicates active current missions 4110:Planetary Missions Program Office 4001: 3386:from the original on July 8, 2005 2783:"A Cyber-Astronaut's Final Moves" 2723:Dolmetsch, Chris (July 3, 2005). 2698:"Deep Impact: A Smashing Success" 2457:Ray, Justin (December 14, 2004). 1842:List of missions to minor planets 1744:was re-targeted towards asteroid 1431: 1157:A mission timeline is located at 1074:May 30, 2005, 35 days from impact 1051: 1041: 1025:imaged on April 25, 2005, by the 947:Ball Aerospace & Technologies 859: 438:June 27, 2010, 22:25:13 UTC 16:NASA space probe launched in 2005 8829: 8817: 8805: 8793: 8781: 8769: 8174:Space Flight Operations Facility 7966:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 7424:Double Asteroid Redirection Test 6616: 6605: 6604: 6277: 6271: 6265: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4648:Solar System Exploration program 4511: 4290: 3843:Kremer, Ken (February 6, 2013). 3572:. Associated Press. July 6, 2005 3220:. Associated Press. July 5, 2005 3086:"A Comet's Chemical Composition" 3000:Amos, Jonathan (April 4, 2006). 2508: 2434:Mihelich, Cindy (July 4, 2005). 1963:Ray, Justin (January 12, 2005). 1892:"Deep Impact (EPOXI): Key Dates" 1811:Double Asteroid Redirection Test 1610:International Astronomical Union 1264: 1252: 1240: 1225: 1213: 1201: 1189: 1173: 1103: 1091: 1079: 1067: 931: 756:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 532:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 479: 29: 8023:Wide Field and Planetary Camera 6580:Habitable zone for complex life 6495:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory 4956:International Cometary Explorer 4717:indicate missions yet to launch 3944: 3916: 3893: 3778: 3759: 3688:. Skymania News. Archived from 3626:Wall, Mike (November 8, 2010). 3494:. Google Groups. Archived from 3152: 3126: 3100: 3084:Jacoby, Mitch (July 17, 2006). 2921:Kridler, Chris (July 8, 2005). 2864:"Deep Impact Scores Bull's-Eye" 1929:"Deep Impact Launch: Press Kit" 1865:Ray, Justin (January 9, 2005). 1769:Contact lost and end of mission 1454:Queen Mary University of London 1353:, showing the crater formed by 1115: 1012: 593:, with a dual purpose to study 446:30,496 km (18,949 mi) 422:43,450 km (27,000 mi) 5275:(spacecraft refueling concept) 3416:. July 7, 2005. Archived from 3382:. China.org.cn. July 5, 2005. 3353:Carey, Bjorn (June 30, 2005). 2536:Ray, Justin (March 25, 2005). 2436:"Deep Impact probe hits comet" 2361:"Rosetta monitors Deep Impact" 2103: 961:Launch and commissioning phase 398:15,567 km (9,673 mi) 106: 1: 8884:Space probes launched in 2005 8103:Astrobiology Field Laboratory 3239:Liss, Artyom (July 4, 2005). 1852: 1797:at this time, similar to the 1511:Chinese researchers used the 541:(9P/Tempel), by releasing an 8169:Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking 8029:Wide Field Infrared Explorer 7713:Soil Moisture Active Passive 7616:Atmospheric infrared sounder 6758:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 6545:Space Interferometry Mission 5874:Japan Spaceguard Association 5617:Earth-crossing minor planets 5574:Potentially hazardous object 5231:(multiple flybys, 2026–2029) 3833:– JPL News – October 4, 2012 3800:EPOXI Mission Status Reports 1098:June 21, 13 days from impact 1086:June 15, 19 days from impact 374:July 4, 2005, 05:52 UTC 350:July 4, 2005, 06:05 UTC 7: 8874:Satellites orbiting the Sun 7688:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 7521:List of Solar System probes 5964:Fiction about impact events 4069:Deep Impact Mission Archive 3302:"Send Your Name To A Comet" 2727:. Bloomberg. Archived from 2589:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2511:"Deep Impact Status Report" 2363:. ESA Portal. June 20, 2005 2217:"First Look Inside a Comet" 2038:. Military Embedded Systems 1804: 1661:at a fraction of the cost. 1589:Bill Haley & His Comets 1564:Faulkes Automatic Telescope 1034:(40 million mi). 35:Artist's impression of the 10: 8920: 8146:Table Mountain Observatory 6419:James Webb Space Telescope 5257:(nuclear impactor concept) 4025:February 13, 2016, at the 3805:November 15, 2010, at the 2622:. May 13, 2005. 2005-074. 2559:Than, Ker (June 9, 2005). 2386:. Solar System Exploration 2194:. Solar System Exploration 2111:"Deep Impact Science Team" 1847:List of missions to comets 1623: 1276: 754:Following its launch from 629:, University of Maryland, 242:January 12, 2005, 18:47:08 8745: 8690: 8660: 8577: 8536: 8491: 8458: 8418: 8383: 8340: 8314: 8264: 8239: 8159: 8118: 8095: 8074: 8061:Near-Earth Asteroid Scout 8043: 7972:Solar Mesosphere Explorer 7754: 7651:Large Binocular Telescope 7584: 7578:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 7516: 7402: 7168: 7034: 7023: 6994: 6941: 6876: 6793: 6705: 6684: 6673: 6600: 6575:Discoveries of exoplanets 6562: 6550:Terrestrial Planet Finder 6518: 6467: 6430: 6375: 6293: 6286: 6263: 6030: 6012: 6006:Exoplanet search projects 5946: 5912: 5894:The Spaceguard Foundation 5861: 5767: 5640: 5612:Asteroid close approaches 5590:Asteroid impact avoidance 5582: 5516: 5465: 5428:Small Solar System bodies 5406:Colonization of asteroids 5383: 5310:Asteroid Redirect Mission 5290: 5201: 5153: 5118: 5097: 5037: 5004: 4874: 4867: 4838: 4793: 4775: 4704: 4658: 4654: 4641: 4573: 4527: 4520: 4509: 4464: 4460: 4447: 4369: 4306: 4299: 4288: 4239: 4140: 4133: 4129: 4116: 3286:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1777:On September 10, 2013, a 1722:Comet Garradd (C/2009 P1) 1713:Comet Garradd (C/2009 P1) 1704:On November 4, 2010, the 1501:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1379: 1057:On June 14 and 22, 2005, 485:Official insignia of the 478: 474: 470:694 km (431 mi) 466: 458: 450: 442: 434: 426: 418: 410: 402: 394: 386: 378: 370: 362: 358:575 km (357 mi) 354: 346: 338: 334: 330: 315: 307: 302: 298: 294: 284: 271: 257: 238: 233: 229: 225: 199: 191: 179: 161: 156: 152: 148: 140: 116: 103: 82: 64: 48: 44: 28: 8151:Solar System Ambassadors 7978:Spaceborne Imaging Radar 7536:List of space telescopes 5959:Fiction about meteoroids 5838:Sentinel Space Telescope 3741:"Mission Status Reports" 3027:"A Deep Cometary Impact" 2243:"Deep Impact's Impactor" 2165:National Geographic News 2113:. University of Maryland 1677:Flyby of Comet Hartley 2 1127:comet encounter sequence 8136:NASA Deep Space Network 7984:Spitzer Space Telescope 7904:Mars Exploration Rovers 7695:Mars Science Laboratory 7622:Deep Space Atomic Clock 5595:Asteroid laser ablation 5217:(flyby of Pallas, 2022) 5176:(multiple flybys, 2025) 1791:unsigned 32-bit integer 1357:on the right hand image 1150:exploding five tons of 782:—the equivalent of 4.7 621:, an astronomer at the 8256:Universitetsky-Tatyana 7701:Microwave limb sounder 5534:Earth-grazing fireball 5438:Trans-Neptunian object 4264:Moon Mineralogy Mapper 3771:April 8, 2021, at the 3743:. NASA. Archived from 3304:. NASA. Archived from 3160:"Tempel 1 Impact Site" 2620:University of Maryland 2245:. NASA. Archived from 2219:. NASA. Archived from 2065:. NASA. Archived from 1894:. NASA. Archived from 1753:Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) 1686: 1547:is always scarce, the 1496: 1485: 1441: 1358: 1286: 1128: 1030: 993:On February 11, 2005, 928: 751: 736: 670: 623:University of Maryland 174:University of Maryland 8894:Missions to asteroids 8879:Derelict space probes 8119:Related organizations 7484:Peregrine Mission One 7028:(by termination date) 6803:Emirates Mars Mission 6678:(deep space missions) 4454:New Frontiers program 4377:Enceladus Life Finder 4034:EPOXI Mission Archive 3963:on September 23, 2013 2841:on September 11, 2005 2789:on September 11, 2005 2731:on September 11, 2005 2517:on September 11, 2005 2069:on September 11, 2005 1971:, FL: Spaceflight Now 1684: 1585:Rock Around the Clock 1559:images of the comet. 1491: 1483: 1439: 1344: 1284: 1164:June 2, 2015, at the 1159:Impact Phase Timeline 1123: 1020: 867: 811:orbital observatories 746:prior to launch on a 742: 734: 688:infrared spectroscopy 668: 631:University of Arizona 246:2005-01-12UTC18:47:08 157:Spacecraft properties 8223:Orbital launches in 8164:JPL Science Division 7898:Mars Global Surveyor 7866:Mars Climate Orbiter 7526:List of lunar probes 7113:Mars Global Surveyor 7025:Completed after 2000 5879:Meteoritical Society 3932:. September 20, 2013 3747:on November 15, 2010 3718:on November 28, 2009 3692:on December 14, 2014 3546:on February 18, 2021 2223:on September 7, 2005 1898:on November 14, 2016 1740:At the end of 2011, 1395:, which had studied 643:University of Hawaii 8899:Impactor spacecraft 8445:Intelsat Americas 8 6675:Active space probes 6585:Lists of exoplanets 6356:detected exoplanets 5783:Catalina Sky Survey 5273:World Is Not Enough 4761:Spacecraft missions 4354:Io Volcano Observer 4322:Titan Mare Explorer 3994:on October 2, 2013. 3957:National Geographic 3887:2014arXiv1404.5968S 3602:on February 2, 2021 3498:on February 7, 2009 3140:on February 9, 2010 2933:on January 15, 2013 2876:on February 7, 2009 2652:on February 7, 2006 2172:on January 15, 2005 2139:on October 26, 2013 2089:"Deep Impact/EPOXI" 1591:becoming the first 1507:Reaction from China 1247:HRI movie of impact 1208:Image from Impactor 669:Spacecraft overview 25: 8859:Missions to comets 7449:Hakuto-R Mission 1 6995:Interstellar space 6692:Parker Solar Probe 6500:New Worlds Mission 5947:Related categories 5283:(flyby, 2030–2042) 5280:Interstellar Probe 4407:Mars Geyser Hopper 4350:Mission 15 and 16 3988:Time Zone Database 3420:on August 30, 2005 3410:The Economic Times 3334:on October 4, 2006 3065:on January 2, 2013 3059:"Astrobiology.com" 2959:. NewScientist.com 2340:The New York Times 1757:In February 2013, 1687: 1641:Comet Boethin plan 1497: 1486: 1442: 1359: 1333:, and crystalline 1287: 1129: 1031: 929: 841:on board Europe's 752: 737: 671: 627:Cornell University 595:extrasolar planets 21: 8864:Discovery Program 8854:NASA space probes 8757: 8756: 8182: 8181: 8141:Goldstone Complex 8096:Canceled missions 8075:Proposed missions 7892:Mars Polar Lander 7544: 7543: 7512: 7511: 7019: 7018: 6824:2001 Mars Odyssey 6632: 6631: 6570:Detection methods 6558: 6557: 5972: 5971: 5913:Potential threats 5605:Ion-beam shepherd 5569:Near-Earth object 5549:Meteor procession 5510:Planetary defense 5476: 5475: 5433:Near-Earth object 5263:(multiple flybys) 5192:Comet Interceptor 5149: 5148: 4825:(multiple flybys) 4805:(multiple flybys) 4727: 4726: 4700: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4676:JUICE instruments 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4507: 4506: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4329:Mission 13 and 14 4286: 4285: 4123:Discovery program 4064:by Ball Aerospace 3592:"Comet Billhaley" 3039:on March 26, 2009 2763:on March 26, 2009 2614:(Press release). 2540:. Spaceflight Now 2461:. Spaceflight Now 2310:on April 26, 2005 1799:Year 2038 problem 951:Boulder, Colorado 943:Discovery Program 516: 515: 492:Discovery program 414:December 29, 2008 8911: 8834: 8833: 8832: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8798: 8797: 8786: 8785: 8784: 8774: 8773: 8765: 8432:Molniya-3K No.12 8228: 8227: 8226: 8209: 8202: 8195: 8186: 8185: 8044:Planned missions 8035:Lunar Flashlight 7646:Keck observatory 7585:Current missions 7571: 7564: 7557: 7548: 7547: 7032: 7031: 6682: 6681: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6636: 6635: 6620: 6619: 6608: 6607: 6460: 6452: 6444: 6423: 6415: 6405: 6397: 6389: 6368: 6358: 6351: 6343: 6340: 6327: 6319: 6316: 6305: 6291: 6290: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6073:FINDS Exo-Earths 5999: 5992: 5985: 5976: 5975: 5544:Meteor air burst 5503: 5496: 5489: 5480: 5479: 5396:Asteroid capture 5163:(orbiter, 2024) 5067:Rover-1A / HIBOU 4872: 4871: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4643: 4642: 4525: 4524: 4515: 4466: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4449: 4448: 4304: 4303: 4294: 4158:Lunar Prospector 4138: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4118: 4117: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4077: 4076: 3996: 3995: 3990:. Archived from 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3959:. Archived from 3948: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3880: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3797: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3662:. April 11, 2007 3652: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3598:. Archived from 3596:Klet Observatory 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3518:"My Deep Impact" 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3440:"Advanced Guide" 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3308:on July 24, 2008 3298: 3292: 3291: 3285: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3166:on June 29, 2011 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3136:. Archived from 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2929:. Archived from 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2860: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2762: 2755: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2704:on July 13, 2005 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2608: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2487:on March 2, 2009 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2431: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2412:on March 1, 2009 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2382:Delamere, Alan. 2379: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2331: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2306:. Archived from 2304:Associated Press 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2273: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2249:on June 23, 2016 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2213: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2168:. Archived from 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2059: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2031: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2002:on June 20, 2009 1998:. Archived from 1987: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1960: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1941:on June 26, 2021 1940: 1933: 1925: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1862: 1746:(163249) 2002 GT 1620:Extended mission 1549:Deep Impact 1470: 1467:, sued NASA for 1268: 1256: 1244: 1229: 1217: 1205: 1193: 1177: 1107: 1095: 1083: 1071: 999: 981: 956: 927: 922: 913: 908: 899: 894: 885: 880: 874: 777: 772: 635:Brown University 605:Scientific goals 483: 459:Closest approach 435:Closest approach 411:Closest approach 387:Closest approach 347:Closest approach 326: 324: 249: 247: 234:Start of mission 218: 141:Mission duration 136: 133: 131: 129: 127: 125: 123: 108: 99: 98: 92: 33: 26: 20: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8909: 8908: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8830: 8828: 8818: 8816: 8806: 8804: 8792: 8782: 8780: 8768: 8760: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8741: 8686: 8656: 8573: 8532: 8487: 8454: 8414: 8379: 8336: 8310: 8260: 8235: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8213: 8183: 8178: 8155: 8114: 8091: 8070: 8039: 7886:Mars Pathfinder 7763:Cassini-Huygens 7750: 7730:Voyager program 7580: 7575: 7545: 7540: 7508: 7398: 7318:LISA Pathfinder 7164: 7027: 7015: 6990: 6937: 6872: 6789: 6701: 6677: 6669: 6663: 6633: 6628: 6596: 6554: 6514: 6463: 6458: 6450: 6442: 6426: 6421: 6413: 6403: 6395: 6387: 6371: 6366: 6354: 6349: 6341: 6333: 6325: 6317: 6311: 6303: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6261: 6026: 6008: 6003: 5973: 5968: 5942: 5933: 5908: 5869:B612 Foundation 5857: 5763: 5636: 5600:Gravity tractor 5578: 5512: 5507: 5477: 5472: 5461: 5401:Asteroid mining 5379: 5292: 5286: 5251:(sample return) 5245:(orbiter, 2025) 5211:(orbiter, 2021) 5197: 5145: 5114: 5093: 5033: 5000: 4882:Cassini–Huygens 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4836: 4789: 4771: 4758: 4728: 4723: 4688: 4650: 4625: 4569: 4516: 4503: 4456: 4431: 4422:Phobos Surveyor 4382:Icebreaker Life 4365: 4295: 4282: 4235: 4153:Mars Pathfinder 4125: 4112: 4104: 4027:Wayback Machine 4004: 3999: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3898: 3894: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3807:Wayback Machine 3798: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3773:Wayback Machine 3764: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3682: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3624: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3472:on May 16, 2009 3464: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3446:on May 15, 2009 3438: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3279: 3278: 3271: 3269: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3114:on June 6, 2020 3106: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2953: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2902:on May 16, 2008 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2669: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2610: 2609: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2507: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2432: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2332: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2072: 2070: 2061: 2060: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2032: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1988: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1961: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1871:Spaceflight Now 1863: 1859: 1855: 1807: 1771: 1755: 1738: 1715: 1679: 1643: 1628: 1622: 1614:79896 Billhaley 1577: 1575:Musical tribute 1533: 1509: 1478: 1469:US$ 300 million 1468: 1434: 1429: 1427:Public interest 1419:in images from 1382: 1306:X-ray telescope 1279: 1272: 1269: 1260: 1257: 1248: 1245: 1236: 1230: 1221: 1218: 1209: 1206: 1197: 1194: 1185: 1178: 1166:Wayback Machine 1118: 1111: 1108: 1099: 1096: 1087: 1084: 1075: 1072: 1044: 1015: 997: 979: 963: 955:US$ 330 million 954: 934: 920: 919: 906: 905: 892: 891: 878: 877: 876: 872: 862: 770: 768: 729: 727:Mission profile 663: 619:Michael A'Hearn 607: 576:fly-by missions 512: 511: 503: 494: 484: 322: 320: 245: 243: 217: 213: 186: 184: 120: 93: 88: 56: impactor ( 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8917: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8839: 8838: 8826: 8814: 8802: 8790: 8778: 8755: 8754: 8750:Crewed flights 8746: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8716: 8707: 8694: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8675: 8670: 8664: 8662: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8617: 8612: 8603: 8596: 8589: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8546: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8485: 8482:Raffaello MPLM 8473: 8468: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8355: 8350: 8344: 8342: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8298: 8293: 8290:Sloshsat-FLEVO 8279: 8274: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8249: 8243: 8241: 8237: 8236: 8230: 8215: 8212: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8189: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8122: 8120: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8106: 8099: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8051:Europa Clipper 8047: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8026: 8020: 8015: 8008: 8006:TOPEX/Poseidon 8003: 7998: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7958: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7929: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7914: 7901: 7894: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7869: 7862: 7857: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7818: 7817: 7816: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7739: 7727: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7674: 7661: 7654: 7648: 7643: 7636: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7596: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7574: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7486: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7468: 7456: 7451: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7417: 7416: 7415: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7382: 7377: 7370: 7359: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7337: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7320: 7312: 7311: 7310: 7300: 7292: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7269: 7262: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7245: 7238: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7183: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7138: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7073: 7066: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7045:NEAR Shoemaker 7038: 7036: 7029: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7013: 7006: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6953: 6947: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6880: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6855: 6848: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6799: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6775: 6773:Tiandu 1 and 2 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6688: 6686: 6679: 6671: 6670: 6662: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6639: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6614: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6535: 6530: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6453: 6445: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6422:(2021–present) 6416: 6414:(2021–present) 6406: 6404:(2019–present) 6398: 6396:(2018–present) 6390: 6388:(2013–present) 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6344: 6328: 6320: 6306: 6297: 6295: 6288: 6287:Space missions 6284: 6283: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6019: 6017:Exoplanetology 6013: 6010: 6009: 6002: 6001: 5994: 5987: 5979: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5721: 5716: 5713:NEAR Shoemaker 5709: 5708: 5707: 5695: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5664: 5659: 5652: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5621:Damage scales 5619: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5506: 5505: 5498: 5491: 5483: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5435: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5370:New Horizons 2 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5225:(flybys, 2024) 5218: 5212: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5084:NEAR Shoemaker 5081: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5072:Rover-1B / OWL 5069: 5064: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5019: 5017:NEAR Shoemaker 5014: 5008: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4971:NEAR Shoemaker 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4876: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4826: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4734: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4712: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4683:Europa Clipper 4679: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4652: 4651: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4531: 4529: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4470: 4458: 4457: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4310: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4148:NEAR Shoemaker 4144: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4114: 4113: 4103: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4030: 4014: 4003: 4002:External links 4000: 3998: 3997: 3974: 3943: 3915: 3892: 3863: 3850:Universe Today 3835: 3823: 3811: 3789: 3777: 3758: 3729: 3703: 3673: 3644: 3613: 3583: 3557: 3531: 3509: 3483: 3457: 3431: 3397: 3371: 3345: 3319: 3293: 3257: 3231: 3203: 3192:. July 4, 2005 3177: 3151: 3125: 3099: 3076: 3050: 3018: 2992: 2970: 2944: 2927:CriEnglish.com 2913: 2887: 2852: 2826: 2815:. July 4, 2005 2800: 2774: 2742: 2715: 2689: 2663: 2637: 2600: 2577: 2551: 2528: 2498: 2472: 2449: 2423: 2397: 2374: 2352: 2321: 2285: 2260: 2234: 2205: 2183: 2150: 2124: 2102: 2080: 2049: 2013: 1982: 1969:Cape Canaveral 1952: 1909: 1883: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1818: 1806: 1803: 1770: 1767: 1754: 1751: 1737: 1734: 1714: 1711: 1678: 1675: 1670:gravity assist 1642: 1639: 1624:Main article: 1621: 1618: 1576: 1573: 1532: 1529: 1508: 1505: 1477: 1474: 1433: 1432:Media coverage 1430: 1428: 1425: 1381: 1378: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1239: 1237: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1188: 1186: 1179: 1172: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1066: 1043: 1042:Approach phase 1040: 1014: 1011: 967:Cape Canaveral 962: 959: 933: 930: 861: 860:Mission events 858: 780:kinetic energy 728: 725: 662: 659: 651:Ball Aerospace 606: 603: 530:launched from 514: 513: 504: 496: 495: 490: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 464: 463: 460: 456: 455: 448: 447: 444: 440: 439: 436: 432: 431: 424: 423: 420: 416: 415: 412: 408: 407: 400: 399: 396: 392: 391: 388: 384: 383: 376: 375: 372: 368: 367: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 336: 335: 332: 331: 328: 327: 319:August 8, 2013 317: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 303:End of mission 300: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 276:Cape Canaveral 273: 269: 268: 259: 255: 254: 240: 236: 235: 231: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 215: 201: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 183:Total: 973 kg 181: 177: 176: 166:Ball Aerospace 163: 159: 158: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 118: 114: 113: 110: 101: 100: 86: 80: 79: 66: 62: 61: 50: 46: 45: 42: 41: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8916: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8842: 8837: 8827: 8825: 8815: 8813: 8803: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8789: 8779: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8766: 8763: 8751: 8744: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8698:Progress-M 55 8696: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8673:Venus Express 8671: 8669: 8668:Inmarsat-4 F2 8666: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8632:SSETI Express 8629: 8625: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8550: 8549:Progress-M 54 8547: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8535: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8450:Ekspress AM-3 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8427: 8426:Progress-M 53 8424: 8423: 8421: 8417: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8339: 8333: 8332:Ekspress AM-2 8330: 8328: 8327:Inmarsat-4 F1 8325: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8302: 8301:Progress M-52 8299: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8218: 8210: 8205: 8203: 8198: 8196: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8117: 8110: 8107: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8094: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8082:Europa Lander 8080: 8079: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7879:Mars Observer 7876: 7873: 7872:Mars Cube One 7870: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755:Past missions 7753: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7460: 7459:Chandrayaan-3 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7401: 7393: 7391: 7386: 7385:Chandrayaan-2 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7291: 7290: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7242:Venus Express 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7191: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7148:Chandrayaan-1 7146: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6943:Minor planets 6940: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877:Other planets 6875: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6819: 6818: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6792: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6725:Chandrayaan-2 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6697:Solar Orbiter 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6665:21st-century 6660: 6655: 6653: 6648: 6646: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6625: 6624: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6457: 6454: 6449: 6446: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6420: 6417: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6399: 6394: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6365: 6362: 6357: 6353: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6332: 6329: 6324: 6321: 6315: 6310: 6307: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6258: 6257:ZIMPOL/CHEOPS 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5954:Impact events 5952: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5938:99942 Apophis 5936: 5934: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862:Organizations 5860: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5818:OGS Telescope 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5687: 5686:Halley Armada 5684: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5625:Palermo scale 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5554:Meteor shower 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5497: 5492: 5490: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5391:Asteroid belt 5389: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293:not developed 5291:Cancelled or 5289: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5194:(flyby, 2029) 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119:Sample return 5117: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4924:Halley Armada 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4765:minor planets 4762: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4005: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3919: 3903: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3867: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3786: 3781: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3734: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3678: 3661: 3660:Science Daily 3657: 3651: 3649: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3519: 3513: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3390:September 15, 3385: 3381: 3375: 3360: 3356: 3349: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3289: 3283: 3267: 3261: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3087: 3080: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3035: 3028: 3022: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2980: 2974: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2678: 2674: 2667: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2605: 2588: 2581: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2539: 2532: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2460: 2453: 2437: 2430: 2428: 2411: 2407: 2406:"Deep Impact" 2401: 2385: 2378: 2362: 2356: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2289: 2270: 2264: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2210: 2193: 2187: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2154: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2112: 2106: 2090: 2084: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2037: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1970: 1966: 1959: 1957: 1937: 1930: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1872: 1868: 1861: 1857: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1793:, which then 1792: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1693:toward Comet 1692: 1683: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1647:Comet Boethin 1638: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1593:rock and roll 1590: 1586: 1582: 1572: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1494: 1490: 1482: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1447:Waikīkī Beach 1438: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1315:talcum powder 1310: 1307: 1305: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1283: 1267: 1262: 1255: 1250: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1228: 1223: 1216: 1211: 1204: 1199: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1176: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1155: 1153: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1126: 1122: 1106: 1101: 1094: 1089: 1082: 1077: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1039: 1035: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1010: 1008: 1007:deconvolution 1004: 996: 991: 989: 985: 978: 974: 972: 968: 958: 952: 948: 944: 940: 932:Before launch 926: 917: 912: 903: 898: 889: 884: 871: 868:Animation of 866: 857: 855: 851: 847: 845: 840: 839:spectroscopes 836: 835: 830: 829: 824: 823: 818: 817: 812: 808: 803: 801: 798:spacecraft's 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 765: 761: 757: 749: 745: 741: 733: 724: 722: 721: 715: 711: 707: 705: 699: 696: 693: 689: 685: 679: 676: 667: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 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Retrieved 1870: 1860: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1758: 1756: 1741: 1739: 1717: 1716: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1690: 1688: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1606: 1600: 1597:Martin Lewis 1580: 1578: 1561: 1548: 1544: 1534: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1498: 1492: 1462: 1451: 1443: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1400: 1397:Comet Wild 2 1390: 1385: 1383: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1317:rather than 1311: 1303: 1295: 1288: 1156: 1148: 1141: 1137: 1130: 1124: 1116:Impact phase 1058: 1056: 1052:Cruise phase 1047: 1045: 1036: 1032: 1026: 1013:Cruise phase 994: 992: 988:RCS thruster 976: 975: 964: 938: 935: 925:103P/Hartley 915: 901: 887: 882: 869: 849: 843: 832: 826: 820: 814: 813:, including 807:ejecta plume 804: 800:NExT mission 763: 753: 743: 718: 716: 712: 708: 700: 695:spectrometer 680: 672: 616: 610: 608: 586: 584: 579: 569: 565:Deep Space 1 563: 557: 555: 519: 518: 517: 505: 498: 486: 316:Last contact 311:Contact lost 211: / 169: 162:Manufacturer 132:/deep-impact 72: 53: 49:Mission type 36: 22: 18: 8824:Outer space 8812:Spaceflight 8727:Kosmos 2419 8723:Kosmos 2418 8719:Kosmos 2417 8705:Kosmos 2416 8606:Syracuse 3A 8586:Soyuz TMA-7 8544:Kosmos 2415 8359:Soyuz TMA-6 8252:Kosmos 2414 8247:Deep Impact 7918:Opportunity 7777:Deep Impact 7380:Longjiang-2 7366:Opportunity 7347:Longjiang-1 7225:Deep Impact 6885:BepiColombo 6459:(mid-2020s) 6367:(2017–2020) 6350:(2009–2018) 6342:(2008–2013) 6337:Deep Impact 6326:(2006–2013) 6304:(2003–2019) 5656:Deep Impact 5517:Main topics 5421:Exploration 5345:Don Quijote 5105:Deep Impact 4902:Deep Impact 4809:OSIRIS-APEX 4313:Mission 12 4240:Opportunity 4183:Deep Impact 4060:Deep Impact 4053:legacy site 4051:Deep Impact 4042:Deep Impact 4029:at NASA.gov 4013:at NASA.gov 4009:Deep Impact 3856:February 7, 3722:November 3, 3520:. Jost Jahn 2630:October 23, 2509:Agle, D.C. 2253:November 4, 2143:November 4, 1779:Deep Impact 1759:Deep Impact 1742:Deep Impact 1718:Deep Impact 1706:Deep Impact 1699:Deep Impact 1691:Deep Impact 1663:Deep Impact 1658:Deep Impact 1651:Deep Impact 1635:Deep Impact 1631:Deep Impact 1601:Deep Impact 1581:Deep Impact 1553:astronomers 1513:Deep Impact 1493:Deep Impact 1417:Deep Impact 1410:Deep Impact 1386:Deep Impact 1355:Deep Impact 1347:Deep Impact 1125:Deep Impact 1059:Deep Impact 1048:Deep Impact 1027:Deep Impact 995:Deep Impact 977:Deep Impact 939:Deep Impact 883:Deep Impact 870:Deep Impact 764:Deep Impact 744:Deep Impact 720:Deep Impact 611:Deep Impact 587:Deep Impact 580:Deep Impact 528:space probe 520:Deep Impact 487:Deep Impact 371:Impact date 272:Launch site 239:Launch date 209:solar array 180:Launch mass 52:Flyby 37:Deep Impact 23:Deep Impact 8848:Categories 8710:Meteosat 9 8678:Spaceway-2 8648:Mozhaets-5 8600:Shenzhou 6 8391:Cartosat-1 8370:Spaceway 1 8296:Himawari 6 7814:spacecraft 7680:helicopter 7492:helicopter 7431:Mangalyaan 7063:Pioneer 10 6981:OSIRIS-REx 6962:MINERVA-II 5889:Spaceguard 5848:Spacewatch 5828:Pan-STARRS 5823:Orbit@home 5731:OSIRIS-REx 5365:Marco Polo 5141:OSIRIS-REx 4892:Clementine 4815:Hayabusa2♯ 4574:Candidates 4559:Mission 4 4544:Mission 3 4534:Mission 2 4491:OSIRIS-REx 4412:Moon Diver 4370:Candidates 3632:Space News 3088:. C&EN 1876:January 7, 1853:References 1795:overflowed 1763:Comet ISON 1537:telescopes 1465:astrologer 1393:spacecraft 1370:Oort cloud 1327:carbonates 1029:spacecraft 846:spacecraft 834:XMM-Newton 675:spacecraft 597:and comet 323:2013-08-09 285:Contractor 192:Dimensions 8788:Astronomy 8620:Beijing-1 8610:Galaxy 15 8553:RadioSkaf 8537:September 8523:Monitor-E 8504:Thaicom 4 8466:Shijian 7 8405:DirecTV-8 8286:Maqsat-B2 7797:Explorers 7743:Voyager 2 7736:Voyager 1 7678:Ingenuity 7664:Mars 2020 7490:Ingenuity 7413:Chang'e 5 7374:Beresheet 7259:MESSENGER 7136:Chang'e 1 7010:Voyager 2 7003:Voyager 1 6957:Hayabusa2 6951:Chang'e 2 6858:Mars 2020 6852:Tianwen-1 6844:Curiosity 6778:Chang'e 6 6768:Queqiao 2 6748:Chang'e 5 6735:Chang'e 4 6730:Chang'e 3 6539:Eddington 6519:Cancelled 6410:Hayabusa2 6237:SuperWASP 6227:SPECULOOS 6197:PlanetPol 6160:Australis 6022:Exoplanet 5884:NEOShield 5719:NEA Scout 5699:Hayabusa2 5564:Meteoroid 5559:Meteorite 5229:Centaurus 5180:Tianwen-2 5131:Hayabusa2 5098:Impactors 5057:Hayabusa2 4976:Pioneer 7 4966:NEA Scout 4961:LICIACube 4887:Chang'e 2 4833:(orbiter) 4811:(orbiter) 4709:Underline 4528:Finalists 4521:Proposals 4498:Dragonfly 4307:Finalists 4300:Proposals 4178:MESSENGER 3967:March 18, 3936:March 18, 3908:March 18, 3878:1404.5968 3570:USA Today 3359:Space.com 3282:cite news 2677:Space.com 2565:Space.com 2042:March 30, 2006:August 7, 1827:Hayabusa2 1815:Dimorphos 1761:observed 1720:observed 1695:Hartley 2 1569:magnitude 1406:1P/Halley 1399:in 2004. 1335:silicates 984:safe mode 792:Colosseum 599:Hartley 2 500:MESSENGER 453:Hartley 2 451:Flyby of 427:Flyby of 403:Flyby of 379:Flyby of 339:Flyby of 130:/missions 90:2005-001A 84:COSPAR ID 58:9P/Tempel 8714:INSAT-4A 8701:Gonets-M 8691:December 8682:Telkom-2 8661:November 8559:Anik F1R 8439:Cosmos 1 8353:Apstar 6 8282:XTAR-EUR 8265:February 7996:Surveyor 7990:Stardust 7944:QuikSCAT 7854:Magellan 7833:Herschel 7627:GRACE-FO 7606:ACRIMSAT 7203:Stardust 7180:Hayabusa 6899:Akatsuki 6720:CAPSTONE 6611:Category 6468:Proposed 6242:Systemic 6150:MicroFUN 6130:Magellan 6068:ESPRESSO 5771:tracking 5758:Stardust 5692:Hayabusa 5524:Asteroid 5320:Castalia 5202:Proposed 5174:DESTINY+ 5136:Stardust 5126:Hayabusa 5045:Hayabusa 5027:Timeline 5005:Orbiters 4991:Stardust 4934:Sakigake 4817:(lander) 4663:Missions 4548:MoonRise 4538:MoonRise 4469:Missions 4387:ISOCHRON 4248:ASPERA-3 4163:Stardust 4134:Missions 4023:Archived 3929:ABC News 3803:Archived 3769:Archived 3384:Archived 3245:BBC News 3217:NBC News 3190:BBC News 3170:April 5, 3006:BBC News 2813:BBC News 2624:Archived 2299:ABC News 2278:June 16, 1805:See also 1539:such as 1521:asteroid 1421:Stardust 1401:Stardust 1391:Stardust 1351:Stardust 1182:Tempel 1 1168:(NASA). 1162:Archived 1152:dynamite 1023:Tempel 1 1003:bake-out 973:rocket. 971:Delta II 897:Tempel 1 796:Stardust 773:10 748:Delta II 692:infrared 571:Stardust 543:impactor 539:Tempel 1 489:mission 467:Distance 443:Distance 419:Distance 395:Distance 366:impactor 364:Tempel 1 355:Distance 341:Tempel 1 308:Disposal 262:Delta II 65:Operator 8776:Physics 8762:Portals 8732:GIOVE-A 8652:Rubin-5 8644:nCUBE-2 8615:USA-186 8593:CryoSat 8578:October 8569:USA-185 8564:USA-183 8528:FSW-3 3 8499:FSW-4 2 8477:STS-114 8400:NOAA-18 8375:USA-182 8348:USA-165 8277:USA-181 8240:January 8131:Caltech 8111:(MAX-C) 8087:FINESSE 8066:SPHEREx 8012:Ulysses 7955:Rosetta 7939:Pioneer 7933:Phoenix 7874:(MarCO) 7860:Mariner 7843:Jason-1 7822:Genesis 7808:Galileo 7633:InSight 7472:Zhurong 7464:Pragyan 7454:Luna 25 7438:InSight 7390:Pragyan 7324:Cassini 7303:ExoMars 7283:Rosetta 7266:PROCYON 7142:Ulysses 7125:Phoenix 7101:Huygens 7089:Genesis 7070:Galileo 6932:Jupiter 6919:Jupiter 6891:Mercury 6808:ExoMars 6783:ICUBE-Q 6763:Queqiao 6715:ARTEMIS 6623:Commons 6590:nearest 6563:Related 6431:Planned 6376:Current 6364:ASTERIA 6155:MINERVA 6140:MASCARA 6135:MARVELS 6088:HARPS-N 6053:EAPSNet 6048:CORALIE 5930:2010 RF 5920:1950 DA 5813:NEOSSat 5742:Rosetta 5736:PROCYON 5583:Defense 5384:Related 5267:OKEANOS 5249:CORSAIR 5242:Chimera 5222:Shensuo 5154:Planned 5077:Rover-2 5050:MINERVA 5038:Landers 5022:Rosetta 4996:Ulysses 4986:Rosetta 4981:PROCYON 4919:Galileo 4897:CONTOUR 4715:Italics 4601:Oceanus 4586:CORSAIR 4427:Whipple 4359:Trident 4344:VERITAS 4334:DAVINCI 4270:Strofio 4230:DAVINCI 4223:VERITAS 4203:InSight 4173:CONTOUR 4168:Genesis 4062:website 4044:website 4020:website 4011:website 3883:Bibcode 3751:May 11, 3696:May 11, 3666:May 11, 3606:May 11, 3576:May 11, 3550:July 5, 3524:May 11, 3502:May 11, 3476:May 11, 3450:May 11, 3424:May 11, 3414:Reuters 3364:May 11, 3338:May 11, 3312:May 11, 3272:May 11, 3250:May 11, 3224:May 11, 3196:May 11, 3118:May 11, 3092:May 11, 3069:May 11, 3043:May 11, 3011:May 11, 2985:May 11, 2963:May 11, 2937:May 11, 2906:May 11, 2880:May 11, 2845:May 11, 2819:May 11, 2793:May 11, 2767:May 11, 2735:May 11, 2708:May 11, 2682:May 11, 2656:May 11, 2593:May 11, 2570:May 11, 2544:May 11, 2521:May 11, 2491:May 11, 2465:May 11, 2442:May 11, 2416:May 11, 2390:May 11, 2367:May 11, 2345:May 11, 2314:May 11, 2227:May 11, 2198:May 11, 2176:May 11, 2095:May 11, 2073:May 11, 1975:June 9, 1945:July 3, 1567:2 1367:Neptune 1298:craters 1277:Results 1234:NASA TV 850:Rosetta 844:Rosetta 828:Spitzer 822:Chandra 760:SLC-17B 684:imaging 574:, were 547:nucleus 321: ( 279:SLC-17B 244: ( 219:battery 117:Website 105:SATCAT 8737:AMC-23 8703:No.1, 8628:Sina-1 8624:TopSat 8518:Reimei 8514:Kirari 8492:August 8471:Suzaku 8395:HAMSAT 8272:AMC-12 8232:2006 → 8217:← 2004 8031:(WIRE) 8025:(WFPC) 8018:Viking 7968:(SRTM) 7961:Seasat 7949:Ranger 7910:Spirit 7848:Kepler 7715:(SMAP) 7709:(MISR) 7618:(AIRS) 7600:Psyche 7593:Euclid 7335:MASCOT 7289:Philae 7272:IKAROS 7190:Spirit 7158:LCROSS 7153:SELENE 7077:Nozomi 6986:Psyche 6753:Danuri 6740:Yutu-2 6527:Darwin 6510:PEGASE 6490:LUVOIR 6475:EXCEDE 6451:(2029) 6443:(2026) 6401:CHEOPS 6347:Kepler 6334:using 6318:(2006) 6312:using 6309:SWEEPS 6232:SPHERE 6222:SOPHIE 6145:MEarth 6110:HiCIAO 6100:HATNet 6078:Geneva 6058:ELODIE 5843:Sentry 5803:NEODyS 5793:LONEOS 5788:LINEAR 5749:Philae 5705:MASCOT 5662:HAMMER 5529:Bolide 5450:Trojan 5360:MAOSEP 5335:CONDOR 5315:CAESAR 5261:MANTIS 5255:HAMMER 5237:(2029) 5235:Ramses 5215:Athena 5089:Philae 5062:MASCOT 4949:Vega 2 4944:Vega 1 4939:Suisei 4929:Giotto 4875:Flybys 4830:Psyche 4794:Active 4769:comets 4616:VISAGE 4606:SPRITE 4581:CONDOR 4563:CAESAR 4402:MANTIS 4339:NEOCam 4277:MEGANE 4216:Psyche 4193:Kepler 2981:. NASA 2274:. NASA 1545:Hubble 1380:Crater 1374:ethane 1363:Uranus 1331:sodium 1180:Comet 1021:Comet 998:'s 980:'s 923: 921: 916:· 914: 909: 907: 902:· 900: 895: 893: 888:· 886: 881: 879: 873:'s 831:, and 816:Hubble 750:rocket 653:, and 568:, and 559:Giotto 523:was a 289:Boeing 264:7925 / 258:Rocket 250: 170:· 168: 73:· 71: 54:· 8800:Stars 8640:UWE-1 8341:April 8315:March 8305:TNS-0 8105:(AFL) 8001:SVLBI 7980:(SIR) 7974:(SME) 7927:NSCAT 7920:rover 7912:rover 7828:GRACE 7802:GALEX 7721:(TES) 7703:(MLS) 7697:(MSL) 7691:(MRO) 7672:rover 7653:(LBT) 7611:ASTER 7480:2024 7474:rover 7466:rover 7445:2023 7419:2022 7409:2020 7403:2020s 7392:rover 7368:rover 7357:MarCO 7353:2019 7331:2018 7314:2017 7298:rover 7278:2016 7254:2015 7236:LADEE 7232:2014 7220:2013 7214:GRAIL 7210:2012 7198:2011 7192:rover 7175:2010 7169:2010s 7132:2009 7120:2008 7108:2006 7096:2005 7084:2004 7058:2003 7041:2001 7035:2000s 6927:Juice 6905:Venus 6866:rover 6846:rover 6830:MAVEN 6742:rover 6480:HabEx 6448:ARIEL 6439:PLATO 6331:EPOXI 6323:CoRoT 6212:SEEDS 6207:PARAS 6182:NESSI 6115:HIRES 6083:HARPS 6063:EPICS 5778:ATLAS 5457:Vesta 5416:Pluto 5411:Ceres 5375:Vesta 5355:Janus 5300:AGORA 5209:ASTER 4907:EPOXI 4596:ELSAH 4417:PADME 4254:EPOXI 4198:GRAIL 4018:EPOXI 3873:arXiv 3037:(PDF) 3030:(PDF) 2869:Wired 2761:(PDF) 2754:(PDF) 2438:. 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