Knowledge

De finibus bonorum et malorum

Source 📝

134: 25: 782: 513: 399:. This theory includes both virtue and external goods as the highest good. At the end of the book, Cicero criticized logical inconsistencies of this teaching, but more briefly and only addressing details, not broader principles. Cicero then declares that he follows this school of thought, albeit not without reservations, while respecting the valuable aspects of the teachings presented in the previous books. 269:). The treatise is structured so that each philosophical system is described in its own book, and then disputed in the following book (with exception of Antiochus' view which is both explained and disputed in book five). The book was developed in the summer of the year 45 BC, and was written over the course of about one and a half months. Together with the 335:(absence of pain) is regarded as the highest good. In the second book, Cicero criticizes this view, attacking the Epicurean definition of pleasure and arguing that it is inconsistent to hold pleasure as the absence of pain as the final good, since these are not one single good, but rather two distinct goods. 516: 371:, arguing a supposed natural state (the "cradle argument"), as well as issues regarding the exclusion of other goods entailed by Stoic doctrine. 92: 64: 627: 71: 322: 325:, while another young Roman named Gaius Triarius listens on. In the first book, the interlocutors present the Epicurean theory of 1004: 78: 60: 999: 470: 111: 550: 494: 49: 383:
In the last book Cicero presents in the form of a dialogue between himself and several friends the theory of
959: 85: 133: 245:. It consists of three dialogues, over five books, in which Cicero discusses the philosophical views of 575: 45: 634: 701: 952: 729: 570: 874: 271: 359:, presents Stoic doctrine. Here Cicero introduces the technical terms used by the Stoics into 814: 807: 242: 938: 781: 619: 543: 388: 289: 258: 8: 945: 736: 687: 673: 238: 505: 867: 766: 680: 580: 277: 214: 757: 466: 230: 909: 708: 418: 356: 262: 34: 486: 821: 648: 641: 536: 392: 266: 159: 715: 408: 360: 203: 993: 750: 606: 425:. The placeholder text is taken from parts of the first book's discourse on 977: 902: 860: 835: 500: 447: 426: 338: 318: 300: 246: 234: 895: 842: 743: 413: 39: 528: 916: 888: 828: 655: 613: 384: 179: 429:. Words of the original text have been altered, added, and removed in 881: 396: 254: 24: 523: 352: 326: 313:
The first two books are a dialogue set at Cicero's country home in
250: 183: 722: 559: 364: 355:
ethics are discussed. In the third book Cicero's interlocutor,
331: 169: 149: 434: 368: 367:(moral good). In the fourth book, Cicero casts doubt on this 314: 285:
is one of the most extensive philosophical works of Cicero.
506:
Side by Side Latin and English, transl. by Harris Rackham
52:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 991: 32:An editor has performed a search and found that 463:Cicero's "De finibus": philosophical approaches 261:(whose hybrid system mingled Stoicism with an " 461:Annas, Julia Elisabeth; Betegh, Gábor (2016). 544: 374: 363:. The highest and only good of the Stoics is 460: 329:, which holds that pleasure in the form of 551: 537: 132: 558: 499:, English translation by Harris Rackham, 465:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 112:Learn how and when to remove this message 520:, english translation by Harris Rackham 992: 229:("On the ends of good and evil") is a 16:Philosophical work on ethics by Cicero 532: 50:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 275:written shortly afterwards and the 13: 780: 454: 14: 1016: 480: 511: 23: 61:"De finibus bonorum et malorum" 433:, rendering it nonsensical as 127:De finibus bonorum et malorum 1: 1005:Philosophical works by Cicero 695:De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum 488:De finibus bonorum et malorum 288:Cicero dedicated the book to 283:De finibus bonorum et malorum 265:" tradition of Platonism and 226:De finibus bonorum et malorum 139:De finibus bonorum et malorum 960:Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem 518:On the Ends of Good and Evil 317:between himself and a young 7: 522:public domain audiobook at 440: 295: 38:to establish the subject's 10: 1021: 628:De Partitionibus Oratoriae 1000:1st-century BC literature 969: 930: 852: 799: 792: 778: 665: 635:De Optimo Genere Oratorum 596: 589: 566: 402: 209: 199: 189: 175: 165: 155: 145: 131: 702:Tusculanae Disputationes 339:Third and fourth books ( 301:First and second books ( 237:orator, politician, and 35:sufficient sources exist 953:Epistulae ad Familiares 730:Cato Maior de Senectute 875:Divinatio in Caecilium 786: 351:In the next two books 272:Tusculanae Quaestiones 808:De Imperio Cn. Pompei 785:Marcus Tullius Cicero 784: 560:Marcus Tullius Cicero 243:Marcus Tullius Cicero 939:Epistulae ad Atticum 389:Antiochus of Ascalon 290:Marcus Junius Brutus 259:Antiochus of Ascalon 46:improve this article 946:Epistulae ad Brutum 737:Laelius de Amicitia 357:Marcus Porcius Cato 128: 868:Pro Roscio Amerino 787: 767:Paradoxa Stoicorum 417:, a commonly used 126: 987: 986: 926: 925: 815:In Catilinam I–IV 776: 775: 758:Somnium Scipionis 395:as a subgroup of 231:Socratic dialogue 222: 221: 200:Publication place 122: 121: 114: 96: 1012: 910:Pro Archia Poeta 797: 796: 709:De Natura Deorum 594: 593: 576:Political career 553: 546: 539: 530: 529: 515: 514: 476: 419:placeholder text 323:Lucius Torquatus 239:Academic Skeptic 210:Preceded by 191:Publication date 136: 129: 125: 117: 110: 106: 103: 97: 95: 54: 27: 19: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1009: 990: 989: 988: 983: 965: 922: 848: 822:In Toga Candida 788: 772: 661: 598: 585: 562: 557: 512: 483: 473: 457: 455:Further reading 443: 405: 393:Aristotelianism 391:, which treats 381: 349: 311: 298: 267:Aristotelianism 192: 160:Classical Latin 141: 118: 107: 101: 98: 55: 53: 43: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1018: 1008: 1007: 1002: 985: 984: 982: 981: 973: 971: 967: 966: 964: 963: 956: 949: 942: 934: 932: 928: 927: 924: 923: 921: 920: 913: 906: 899: 892: 885: 878: 871: 864: 856: 854: 850: 849: 847: 846: 839: 832: 825: 818: 811: 803: 801: 794: 790: 789: 779: 777: 774: 773: 771: 770: 763: 762: 761: 747: 740: 733: 726: 719: 716:De Divinatione 712: 705: 698: 691: 684: 677: 669: 667: 663: 662: 660: 659: 652: 645: 638: 631: 624: 623: 622: 610: 602: 600: 591: 587: 586: 584: 583: 578: 573: 567: 564: 563: 556: 555: 548: 541: 533: 527: 526: 509: 508:, Google Books 503: 492: 482: 481:External links 479: 478: 477: 471: 456: 453: 452: 451: 442: 439: 421:, is based on 409:graphic design 404: 401: 380: 373: 348: 337: 310: 307:Liber Secundus 299: 297: 294: 220: 219: 211: 207: 206: 204:Roman Republic 201: 197: 196: 193: 190: 187: 186: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 120: 119: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1017: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 997: 995: 980: 979: 975: 974: 972: 968: 962: 961: 957: 955: 954: 950: 948: 947: 943: 941: 940: 936: 935: 933: 929: 919: 918: 914: 912: 911: 907: 905: 904: 900: 898: 897: 893: 891: 890: 886: 884: 883: 879: 877: 876: 872: 870: 869: 865: 863: 862: 858: 857: 855: 851: 845: 844: 840: 838: 837: 833: 831: 830: 826: 824: 823: 819: 817: 816: 812: 810: 809: 805: 804: 802: 798: 795: 791: 783: 769: 768: 764: 760: 759: 755: 754: 753: 752: 751:De Re Publica 748: 746: 745: 741: 739: 738: 734: 732: 731: 727: 725: 724: 720: 718: 717: 713: 711: 710: 706: 704: 703: 699: 697: 696: 692: 690: 689: 685: 683: 682: 678: 676: 675: 671: 670: 668: 666:Philosophical 664: 658: 657: 653: 651: 650: 646: 644: 643: 639: 637: 636: 632: 630: 629: 625: 621: 618: 617: 616: 615: 611: 609: 608: 607:De Inventione 604: 603: 601: 595: 592: 588: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 571:Personal life 569: 568: 565: 561: 554: 549: 547: 542: 540: 535: 534: 531: 525: 521: 519: 510: 507: 504: 502: 498: 497: 493: 491: 489: 485: 484: 474: 472:9781107074835 468: 464: 459: 458: 450: 449: 445: 444: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 415: 410: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 378: 377:Liber Quintus 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 346: 345:Liber Quartus 342: 341:Liber Tertius 336: 334: 333: 328: 324: 320: 316: 308: 304: 293: 291: 286: 284: 280: 279: 274: 273: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 227: 218: 216: 212: 208: 205: 202: 198: 194: 188: 185: 181: 178: 174: 171: 168: 164: 161: 158: 154: 151: 148: 144: 140: 135: 130: 124: 116: 113: 105: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: 66: 63: –  62: 58: 57:Find sources: 51: 47: 41: 37: 36: 30: 26: 21: 20: 978:Summum bonum 976: 958: 951: 944: 937: 915: 908: 903:Pro Cluentio 901: 894: 887: 880: 873: 866: 861:Pro Quinctio 859: 841: 836:Pro Marcello 834: 827: 820: 813: 806: 765: 756: 749: 742: 735: 728: 721: 714: 707: 700: 694: 693: 686: 679: 672: 654: 647: 640: 633: 626: 612: 605: 599:and politics 517: 501:LacusCurtius 495: 490:, Latin text 487: 462: 448:Summum bonum 446: 430: 427:Epicureanism 422: 412: 406: 382: 376: 375:Fifth book ( 350: 344: 340: 330: 312: 306: 303:Liber Primus 302: 287: 282: 276: 270: 247:Epicureanism 241:philosopher 225: 224: 223: 213: 138: 123: 108: 99: 89: 82: 75: 68: 56: 44:Please help 33: 896:Pro Caecina 843:Philippicae 744:De Officiis 431:Lorem ipsum 414:Lorem ipsum 263:Old Academy 102:August 2023 994:Categories 917:Pro Caelio 889:Pro Tullio 829:Pro Milone 688:Consolatio 674:Hortensius 656:De Legibus 614:De Oratore 496:De Finibus 423:De finibus 387:taught by 385:eudaimonia 253:, and the 180:Philosophy 72:newspapers 40:notability 882:In Verrem 800:Political 681:Academica 590:Treatises 397:Platonism 319:Epicurean 278:Academica 255:Platonism 215:Academica 853:Judicial 793:Orations 620:Book III 597:Rhetoric 581:Writings 524:LibriVox 441:See also 327:hedonism 296:Contents 251:Stoicism 184:dialogue 156:Language 970:Related 931:Letters 723:De Fato 233:by the 166:Subject 86:scholar 649:Orator 642:Brutus 469:  403:Legacy 365:virtue 332:aponia 321:named 217:  195:45 BCE 170:Ethics 150:Cicero 146:Author 88:  81:  74:  67:  59:  435:Latin 369:dogma 361:Latin 353:Stoic 315:Cumae 235:Roman 176:Genre 93:JSTOR 79:books 467:ISBN 343:and 305:and 65:news 407:In 257:of 48:by 996:: 437:. 411:, 292:. 281:, 249:, 182:, 552:e 545:t 538:v 475:. 379:) 347:) 309:) 115:) 109:( 104:) 100:( 90:· 83:· 76:· 69:· 42:.

Index


sufficient sources exist
notability
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"De finibus bonorum et malorum"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message

Cicero
Classical Latin
Ethics
Philosophy
dialogue
Roman Republic
Academica
Socratic dialogue
Roman
Academic Skeptic
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Epicureanism
Stoicism
Platonism
Antiochus of Ascalon
Old Academy
Aristotelianism

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.