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and free medical and hospital assistance provided through INAM. On 19 April 1946 the government reorganised the health insurance system for industrial employees, with a daily sickness indemnity equal to 50% of earnings, for a maximum of 180 days a year, a flat-rate maternity indemnity equal to a lump sum of Lit.1000 for 120 days (1% of average gross for industrial wage in 1947), a funeral allowance and free medical, hospital, and pharmaceutical assistance through INAM. On 31 October 1947 the
2734:) were introduced. Provincial offices for Labour and Full Employment were also established, with local sections, which organized waiting lists, training courses, and the allocation of available jobs, amongst other services. Unemployment indemnity was increased to Lit. 200 per day (approximately 17% of the average gross industrial wage for 1949) and its duration was extended from 120 to 180 days. Unemployment insurance was extended to agricultural workers, and a special unemployment benefit (
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2078:, and also briefly served as provisional head of state after the Italian people voted to end the monarchy and establish a republic. His eight-year term in office remains a landmark of political longevity for a leader in modern Italian politics. De Gasperi is the fifth longest-serving prime minister since the
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On 9 January 1946, the government reorganised the health insurance system for sharecroppers, tenant farmers and agricultural workers, with a flat-rate daily indemnity of Lit.28 for women and Lit.60 for men (i.e. 3% and 7% of the average gross industrial wage for 1947) for a maximum of 180 days a year
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leading the
Popular Democratic Front, and had effectively marginalized the PSI, which eventually suffered because of this in these elections, in terms of parliamentary seats and political power. The Socialists also had been hurt by the secession of a social-democratic faction led by Giuseppe Saragat,
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De
Gasperi was the undisputed head of the Christian Democrats, the party that dominated Parliament for decades. Although his control of the DC appeared almost complete, he had to carefully balance different factions and interests, especially with regards to relations with the Vatican, social reform,
2705:
approved a bill that reorganised the health insurance system for service employees (e.g. banking and commerce), with a daily sickness indemnity equal to 50% of earnings for a maximum of 180 days a year, a flat-rate maternity payment, funeral allowance, and free hospital, medical, and pharmaceutical
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The
Christian Democrats won a resounding victory with 48.5% of the vote (their best result ever) and strong majorities in both the Chamber of Deputies and Senate. The Communists received only half of the votes they had in 1946. With absolute majorities in both chambers, De Gasperi could have formed
2605:
The election campaign remains unmatched in verbal aggression and fanaticism in Italy's history on both sides. The election was between two competing visions of the future of
Italian society. On the one hand, a Roman Catholic, conservative and capitalist Italy, represented by the governing Christian
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loan to Italy. According to De
Gasperi, public opinion would view the loan as a vote of confidence in the Italian Government and strengthen his position versus the PCI in the context of the emerging Cold War. The positive results strengthened De Gasperi's reputation in Italy. He also came back with
2756:
On 29 April 1949, a law was approved that introduced new provisions for unemployment insurance and labor policy. A Central
Commission for Work Training and Assistance for the Unemployed was established with the task of monitoring the state of the labor market and the conditions of the unemployed.
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In 1952, the party overwhelmingly endorsed his authority over the government and over the party. However, it was also the start of his decline. He came under increasing criticism from the emerging left wing in the party. Their main accusations were that he was too cautious in social and economic
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On 23 March 1948, the
National Institute for Assistance of the Orphans of Italian Workers and the National Institute for Italian Pensioners were established, providing benefits and services for needy pensioners. On 26 August 1950, the government introduced various regulations covering maternity
2729:
A law of 29 April 1949 introduced new provisions for unemployment insurance and labor policy. A Central
Commission for Work Training and Assistance for the Unemployed was set up with the task of monitoring the state of the labor market and the conditions of the unemployed, while regulations
2462:, which was the biggest communist party in a Western European democracy. In January 1947 he visited the US. The chief goals of the trip were to soften the terms of the pending peace treaty with Italy and to obtain immediate economic assistance. His ten-day tour, engineered by media mogul
2709:
On 28 February 1949, De
Gasperi launched a seven-year plan for social housing to increase the stock of economic housing by means of construction or purchase of economic accommodation. The law also established a special housing fund (INA-Casa) within the National Institute for Insurance
2738:) was introduced, paid under exceptional circumstances; flat-rate benefit with ad hoc determined level for 90 to 180 days. Vocational training and professional qualification programmes for the unemployed were also introduced, along with a Fund for Professional Training of Workers.
2614:"children send parents to jail", "children are owned by the state", "people eat their own children", and assured voters that disaster would strike Italy if the Left were to take power. Another slogan was, "In the secrecy of the polling booth, God sees you – Stalin doesn't."
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negotiated his release. A year and a half in prison nearly broke De
Gasperi's health. After his release in July 1928, he was unemployed and in serious financial hardship, until in 1929 his ecclesiastical contacts secured him a job as a cataloger in the
2850:) won 49.9% of national vote, just a few thousand votes from the threshold for a supermajority, resulting in an ordinary proportional distribution of the seats. Minor dissident parties determined the final result, especially the short-lived
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From 1945 to 1953, he was the prime minister of eight successive DC-led governments. His eight-year rule remains a landmark of political longevity for one leader in modern Italian politics. During his successive governments, Italy
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The PCI had difficulties in restraining its more militant members, who, in the period immediately after the war, had engaged in violent acts of reprisals. The areas affected by the violence (the so-called "Red Triangle" of
2826:
for a Catholic to vote for the PCI and excommunicating all its supporters. In practice, however, many Communists remained religious: Emilia was known to be an area where people were both religious and communists.
2390:. He tried to soften the terms of the pending Allied peace treaty with Italy and secured financial and economic aid through the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) – which was opposed by the Communists.
2234:. The PPI split, and De Gasperi became secretary of the remaining anti-Fascist group in May 1924. In November 1926, in a climate of overt violence and intimidation by the Fascists, the PPI was dissolved.
2559:, the US became alarmed about Soviet intentions and feared that, if the left-wing coalition were to win the elections, the Soviet-funded PCI would draw Italy into the Soviet Union's sphere of influence.
2714:, or INA). Moreover, on 29 July 1947 the government established a Fund For Social Solidarity within INPS in order to pay graduated supplementary allowances to all pensions, compensating for inflation.
2484:
useful information on the incipient change in American foreign policy that would lead to the Cold War and in Italy the break with the PCI and left-wing PSI and their removal from the government in the
2138:
in 1891. In 1904 he took an active part in student demonstrations in favour of an Italian language university. Imprisoned with other protesters during the inauguration of the Italian faculty of law in
2686:
In domestic policy, a number of social security reforms were carried out by various ministers of De Gasperi's cabinets in the areas of rents and social housing, unemployment insurance and pensions.
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of votes. The change was strongly opposed by the opposition parties as well as DC's smaller coalition partners, who had no realistic chance of success under this system. The new law was called the
2121:. His father was a local police officer of limited financial means. From 1896 De Gasperi was active in the Social Christian movement. In 1900 he joined the Faculty of Literature and Philosophy in
6120:
2397:
to decide whether Italy would remain a monarchy or become a republic resulted in 54% of the vote favouring a republic. De Gasperi served as provisional head of state from 12 June 1946 until the
2985:, which in 1951 led to the foundation of the European Coal and Steel Community – a forerunner in the process of European integration. In 1954 he was elected president of the forerunner of the
2672:. "He seems to be feeling his way among the explosive problems he has to deal with, but perhaps this wary mine-detecting method is the stabilising force that holds the country in balance."
2226:
As Mussolini's hold on the Italian government grew stronger, he soon diverged with the Fascists over constitutional changes to the powers of the executive and to the election system (the
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on 2 August: he consequently retired and died twelve months later. The legislature continued with weak governments, with minor parties refusing institutional responsibilities.
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of seats in both houses. But frustration with the failure to win a supermajority caused significant tensions in the leading coalition. De Gasperi was forced to resign by the
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2854:. The leading party Christian Democracy did not repeat the extraordinary result of five years earlier, which had been obtained under special conditions linked to the
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Also its parliamentarian exam had a disruptive effect: "Among the iron pots of political forces that faced in the Cold War, Senate cracked as earthenware pot":
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in Paris, De Gasperi harshly criticized the sanctions imposed on Italy, but obtained concessions from the Allies that guaranteed Italian sovereignty. Under the
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ordered De Gasperi to create a new government without the support of communists and socialists; he refused and a new cabinet was formed with the (centrist)
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Democrats of De Gasperi; on the other, a secular, revolutionary and socialist society, represented by the Popular Democratic Front. The Christian Democrat
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2259:, whom he condemned for "de-Christianizing" the country, and in 1937 he declared that the German Church was correct in preferring Nazism to Bolshevism.
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On 14 June 1922, De Gasperi married Francesca Romani (30 August 1894 – 20 August 1998) and had four daughters, Maria Romana, Lucia, Cecilia and Paola.
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2951:, in his beloved Trentino. It is said that he had to be given a State funeral as he had died with almost no means of his own. He is buried in the
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followed with more traditional centrist coalitions supported by Social Democrats and Liberals: under the administration of Scelba, the problem of
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De Gasperi enjoyed considerable support in the US, where he was considered able to oppose the rising tide of communism – in particular the
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During his meetings in the United States, De Gasperi managed to secure a financially modest but politically significant US$ 100 million
2476:– the future ambassador to Rome – was viewed as a media "triumph", prompting positive comments by a wide section of the American press.
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by its detractors, including some dissidents of minor government parties who founded special opposition groups to deny the artificial
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in which he depicted the chief political battle as one between communism and Christianity. In 1934, he rejoiced in the defeat of the
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2993:. Although eventually transformed into the current project of the European Union, De Gasperi helped to develop the idea of a common
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magazine backed the campaign and featured De Gasperi on its 19 April 1948 issue's cover and in its lead story. He would appear on a
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was characterised by changes in the electoral law. Even if the general structure remained uncorrupted, the government introduced a
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2981:, De Gasperi, Robert Schuman and Konrad Adenauer met regularly. He helped to organize the Council of Europe and supported the
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2125:, where he played an important role in the inception of the Christian student movement. He was very much inspired by the
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2275:(DC) party, drawing upon the ideology of the PPI. In January 1943, he published "Ideas for Reconstruction" (Italian:
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Pombeni, Paolo, and Giuliana Nobili Schiera. "Alcide de Gasperi: 1881–1954-a political life in a troubled century",
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The campaign of the opposition to the "Scam Law" achieved its goal. The government coalition (DC, PSDI, PLI, PRI,
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2279:), which amounted to a program for the party. He became the first general secretary of the new party in 1944.
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2966:"De Gasperi was against exacerbating conflict", according to his former secretary and former Prime Minister
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in 1949 and became an ally of the United States, which helped to revive the Italian economy through the
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Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II Volume 4 edited by Peter Flora
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cover again on 25 May 1953, during the campaign for that year's election, with an extensive biography.
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to people who contributed to the European idea and European peace. The 1954–1955 academic year at the
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2215:. He served as a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1921 to 1924, a period marked by the rise of
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plans of the German nationalists in Tyrol. At the time, in disagreement with other politicians like
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rose to power, but fell after only five months, following heated disputes about the status of the
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reform, that he stifled debate and that he subordinated the party to the interests of government.
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around Genoa and Savona, for instance) had previously seen episodes of brutality committed by the
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were encouraged to write letters to their relatives in Italy. The popular Italian-American singer
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White, Steven. "In search of Alcide De Gasperi: innovations in Italian scholarship since 2003".
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and he soon became its editor. In his newspaper, he often took positions in favor of a cultural
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2582:(CIA) funneled "black bag" contributions to anti-communist candidates with the approval of the
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In the United States, a campaign was launched to prevent a victory of the Communist-dominated
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and Clare Booth Luce helped to raise US$ 2 million for the Christian Democracy party.
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The Communist party gained more than the two-thirds of the seats won by the joint list. (
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3001:(International Charlemagne Prize of the City of Aachen), an award by the German city of
2051:(3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician and statesman who founded the
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he was politically neutral, sympathizing with the ultimately unsuccessful efforts of
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Cau, Maurizio. "Alcide De Gasperi: a political thinker or a thinking politician?"
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Bigaran, Mariapia. "Alcide De Gasperi: the apprenticeship of a political leader",
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Saturday Review june 22 2014 page 11: "Why Italy never exorcised its fascist past"
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3992:, a cura di Eckart Conze, Gustavo Corni, Paolo Pombeni, Bologna, Il mulino, 2004.
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During the 1930s, De Gasperi wrote a regular international column for the review
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De Gasperi was arrested in March 1927 and sentenced to four years in prison. The
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Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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3823:"Se ne va a più di cent' anni la moglie di Alcide de Gasperi – la Repubblica.it"
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to obtain an honorable peace and stop the war. Ultimately, he sided with Italy.
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3589:, by Steven F. White, in: Italian Politics and Society, No.61 Fall/Winter 2005
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6072:
5952:
5937:
5917:
5832:
5787:
5707:
5672:
5622:
5509:
5444:
5429:
5379:
5314:
5226:
5101:
4864:
4824:
4789:
4774:
4744:
4729:
4675:
4655:
4635:
4575:
4345:
4109:
4050:
Alcide De Gasperi and his age: A chronology of the Statesman's life and works
4021:
La svolta occidentale. De Gasperi e il nuovo ruolo internazionale dell'Italia
2960:
2905:
2694:
2571:
2507:
2344:
2299:
2291:
2166:
2135:
2127:
1970:
1831:
1578:
1558:
1493:
1433:
1328:
1226:
1167:
1120:
1110:
1083:
524:
326:
99:
3902:
Lorenzini, Sara. "The roots of a 'statesman': De Gasperi's foreign policy",
3708:
2920:. The parliamentary term was seen out by the minority government chaired by
2532:
2318:
7404:
7258:
7115:
7091:
6831:
6591:
6571:
6530:
5997:
5927:
5907:
5892:
5882:
5359:
5274:
5269:
5176:
4924:
4909:
4904:
4889:
4869:
4724:
4416:
4251:
4241:
4126:
4016:
3976:
3925:
Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary
2939:
2901:
2548:
2495:
2268:
2212:
2102:
1683:
1553:
1533:
1523:
1478:
1448:
1368:
1353:
1209:
1068:
1026:
820:
415:
361:
290:
2927:
In 1954, De Gasperi also had to give up the leadership of the party, when
2862:, including resurgent fascist politicians particularly in Southern Italy.
2358:
In December 1945, he became prime minister for the first time, succeeding
7210:
7019:
6968:
6894:
6860:
6810:
6757:
6626:
6566:
6525:
6494:
6473:
6037:
5792:
5484:
5196:
4899:
4660:
4395:
3484:
3050:
2832:
2443:
2427:
2271:, he organized the establishment of the first (and at the time, illegal)
2188:
1458:
1418:
1363:
1273:
1140:
1125:
1078:
7107:
7035:
6999:
5822:
4734:
4335:
3025:
2998:
2921:
2917:
2865:
2859:
2823:
2717:
2463:
2227:
2131:
1728:
1413:
1182:
1093:
922:
2876:
Technically, the government won the election, winning a clear working
2779:
2689:
2654:
an exclusively Christian Democratic government. Instead, he formed a "
2547:
were heavily influenced by the Cold War era confrontation between the
55:
6182:
5967:
5962:
5374:
5364:
5344:
5334:
4794:
4764:
3574:"Number of MPs for each political group during the First Legislature"
3473:
The Italian Stabilization of 1947: Domestic and International Factors
2836:
2822:
actively supported Christian Democracy, declaring that it would be a
2812:
2143:
2139:
1678:
1508:
990:
4403:
2730:
concerning the replacement of the unemployed into the labor market (
7387:
3587:
De Gasperi through American Eyes: Media and Public Opinion, 1945–53
3460:
De Gasperi through American Eyes: Media and Public Opinion, 1945–53
2877:
2855:
2819:
2804:
2800:
2238:
2162:
2158:
850:
5860:
5247:
2442:
with Austria in September 1946, that established his home region,
2165:
and in defense of Italian culture in Trentino, in contrast to the
7318:
7158:
6611:
4058:
by Pier Luigi Ballini, Alcide De Gasperi in the history of Europe
2909:
2722:
2639:
2635:
2421:
2181:
1221:
4702:
3897:
A history of contemporary Italy: society and politics, 1943–1988
3446:
A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943–1988
2931:
was appointed new Secretary of the Christian Democracy in June.
2438:
One of his most striking achievements in foreign policy was the
3174:
3134:
3002:
2122:
710:
3837:"Famiglia Cristiana n.18 del 7-5-2000 – De Gasperi, mio padre"
2302:, De Gasperi was appointed minister without portfolio and, in
6280:
5869:
5256:
4695:
2913:
2153:(The Catholic Voice) which was replaced in September 1906 by
2059:
in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.
7142:
2340:
6128:
2622:
which contested the election with the concurrent list of
2294:, he became one of the main representatives of DC in the
2219:. He initially supported the participation of the PPI in
30:"De Gasperi" redirects here. For the Italian runner, see
4969:
6715:
2970:. "He taught us to search for compromise, to mediate."
3957:; a cura di Antonio Gambino, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1977.
2943:
De Gasperi posing in his library during his last years
2362:
and leading a coalition government that included both
7486:
Deputies of Legislature XXVII of the Kingdom of Italy
7476:
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1911–1918)
7352:
5555:
2551:
and the United States. After the Soviet-orchestrated
2149:
In 1905, he began to work as editor of the newspaper
7481:
Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy
2768:
2187:, a post he held for six years. At the beginning of
2650:during the Allies' gradual advance through Italy.
2176:In 1911, he became a member of Parliament for the
4080:De Gasperi: un politico europeo venuto dal futuro
3737:Alcide De Gasperi's humanist and European message
2896:'s succeeding first ministry failed to receive a
2347:. During that time, Italy became a member of the
7412:
3890:Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796
2682:Social security reforms under Alcide De Gasperi
2262:
2074:. He was also the first prime minister of the
2062:De Gasperi was the last prime minister of the
6701:
6418:
6254:
6114:
5541:
4955:
4432:
3658:
3413:
3411:
3391:"Alcide De Gasperi. Democracy beyond Borders"
2952:
2207:In 1919, he was among of the founders of the
2029:
549:29 December 1944 – 22 September 1946
7491:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
4446:
3585:New York Times, 16 February 1949, quoted in
7511:Politicians of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
6560:European Parliament (elected): 1979–present
4086:Newspaper clippings about Alcide De Gasperi
3876:Alcide De Gasperi: The Long Apprenticeship.
2517:
2431:De Gasperi during the first session of the
2405:provisional head of state on 28 June 1946.
2370:(PSI), along with other minor parties like
313:12 December 1944 – 18 October 1946
6708:
6694:
6504:European Parliament (appointed): 1962–1979
6425:
6411:
6261:
6247:
6121:
6107:
5548:
5534:
4962:
4948:
4439:
4425:
4069:of Alcide De Gasperi are deposited at the
3667:
3506:
3408:
2959:, a basilica in Rome. The process for his
2675:
2408:As chief of the Italian delegation at the
2313:
2173:, he did not seek unification with Italy.
2036:
2022:
1766:Christian Democrat Organization of America
83:10 December 1945 – 17 August 1953
54:
7451:Italian People's Party (1919) politicians
4071:Historical Archives of the European Union
3714:
3626:"Come il Senato si scoprì vaso di coccio"
3022:"Italy Reborn; from Fascism to Democracy"
2783:De Gasperi during his last years in power
514:20 September 1953 – 16 July 1954
435:10 December 1945 – 19 April 1953
3789:Italy Reborn; from Fascism to Democracy"
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3443:
2938:
2864:
2778:
2740:
2736:sussidio straordinario di disoccupazione
2716:
2688:
2531:
2426:
2317:
2202:
7456:Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians
3660:Come il Senato si scoprì vaso di coccio
3623:
3462:, in Italian Politics and Society (61).
3419:"De Gasperi al bivio tra Vienna e Roma"
1156:Friendly separation of church and state
731:25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948
702:11 June 1921 – 21 January 1929
590:20 May 1924 – 14 December 1925
381:14 July 1946 – 2 February 1947
14:
7413:
3990:Alcide De Gasperi: un percorso europeo
3576:, Italian Chamber of Deputies website.
2975:founding fathers of the European Union
2947:On 19 August 1954, De Gasperi died in
2712:Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni
2416:, the eastern border area was lost to
2087:founding fathers of the European Union
268:26 July 1951 – 17 August 1953
7516:Presidents of the European Parliament
6689:
6406:
6242:
6102:
5529:
4943:
4420:
4408:
4407:
3920:15#3 (2010): 462–470. Historiography
3913:Nov2009, Vol. 14 Issue 4, pp 379–401.
3878:University of Notre Dame Press, 1965.
3592:
3458:Steven F. White. (Fall/Winter 2005).
3378:Alcide De Gasperi (Italian statesman)
3353:
2955:Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura
2799:for the coalition which would obtain
2351:(ECSC), which later evolved into the
2223:'s first government in October 1922.
2085:A devout Catholic, he was one of the
1776:European Christian Political Movement
1639:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
681:8 May 1948 – 19 January 1954
213:11 May 1954 – 19 August 1954
7571:Burials at San Lorenzo fuori le mura
7329:and the Jewish communities in Europe
4971:Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs
4353:Secretary of the Christian Democracy
4326:President of the Christian Democracy
4307:Secretary of the Christian Democracy
3906:Nov 2009, Vol. 14 Issue 4, pp 473–84
3885:Nov 2009, Vol. 14 Issue 4, pp 431–45
3871:Nov 2009, Vol. 14 Issue 4, pp 415–30
3727:, The Independent, 24 September 1995
3471:Juan Carlos Martinez Oliva. (2007).
3072:
3056:
2761:insurance for all female employees.
2424:was divided between the two states.
502:Secretary of the Christian Democracy
7576:Italian resistance movement members
7501:Deputies of Legislature II of Italy
4041:Works by or about Alcide De Gasperi
3561:"Fertility vote galvanises Vatican"
2934:
2453:
2178:Popular Political Union of Trentino
1634:Christian Democratic People's Party
27:Italian statesman (1881–1954)
24:
7496:Deputies of Legislature I of Italy
7471:Ministers of the interior of Italy
4701:
4461:
4197:Provisional Head of State of Italy
3942:La proposta politica di De Gasperi
3861:
2973:He is considered to be one of the
2869:De Gasperi with UK Prime Minister
2721:De Gasperi addressed the crowd in
2500:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
2049:Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi
808:Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi
760:July 1911 – November 1918
25:
7607:
7596:20th-century Italian male writers
7561:20th-century venerated Christians
6665:President of the European Council
6483:Parliamentary Assembly: 1958–1962
5557:Italian Ministers of the Interior
4034:
3918:Journal of Modern Italian Studies
3448:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 49.
2858:, and lost a lot of votes to the
2769:1953 general election and decline
2349:European Coal and Steel Community
2117:, which at that time belonged to
1786:Conservative Christian Fellowship
1649:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
7586:Italian Aventinian secessionists
7581:20th-century Italian journalists
7526:Journalists from Austria-Hungary
7398:
7386:
7374:
7362:
6434:
6270:
5859:
5852:
5246:
5240:
4286:President of the Common Assembly
3765:, The Florentine, 4 October 2007
3475:, Institute of European Studies.
3309:
3269:
3229:
3189:
3185:
3149:
3145:
3109:
3105:
3049:(1973), De Gasperi is played by
3031:
2414:Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947
2005:
1624:Christian Democratic and Flemish
989:
201:President of the Common Assembly
7441:People from the County of Tyrol
3843:
3829:
3815:
3812:article - June 2024 - Issue 530
3801:
3782:
3768:
3756:In the beginning was De Gasperi
3749:
3730:
3699:
3683:
3648:
3616:
3579:
3566:
3554:
3538:
3522:
3394:(European Union History Series)
3298:
3258:
3218:
3178:
3138:
2545:general elections in April 1948
2298:. During the government led by
2101:De Gasperi was born in 1881 in
1761:Centrist Democrat International
1644:Christian Social People's Party
903:
6734:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
4163:Minister of the Italian Africa
4052:, Alcide De Gasperi Foundation
3709:Servo di Dio Alcide De Gasperi
3490:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3437:
3425:(in Italian). 1 September 2014
3383:
3371:
3344:
3046:The Assassination of Matteotti
2795:of two-thirds of seats in the
2096:
423:Minister of the Italian Africa
13:
1:
7521:European integration pioneers
7339:Received extraordinary prize.
6882:François Seydoux de Clausonne
6277:National Liberation Committee
4056:Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)
3931:
3364:
3355:[alˈtʃiːdedeˈɡasperi]
3098:
2977:. From the very beginning of
2844:South Tyrolean People's Party
2775:1953 Italian general election
2536:De Gasperi during a rally of
2524:1948 Italian general election
2410:World War II peace conference
2296:National Liberation Committee
7566:19th-century Roman Catholics
6346:Justice and Liberty Brigades
4062:Alcide De Gasperi Foundation
4023:, Roma, Castelvecchi, 2017.
4002:, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2006.
3721:All the prime minister's men
2852:National Democratic Alliance
2693:De Gasperi in his office in
2553:February 1948 Communist coup
2337:peace treaty with the Allies
2263:Founding Christian Democracy
7:
4259:Minister of Foreign Affairs
4117:Minister of Foreign Affairs
4090:20th Century Press Archives
3944:, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1977.
3927:(Greenwood, 1995) pp 77–83.
3899:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
3624:Buonomo, Giampiero (2014).
3396:. European Parliament. 2018
3325:
2997:. In 1952, he received the
2745:De Gasperi on the cover of
2580:Central Intelligence Agency
2440:Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement
2401:elected Liberal politician
2308:minister of foreign affairs
1791:Centre for European Studies
1724:Popular Republican Movement
1619:Christian Democratic Appeal
256:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
7612:
7466:Foreign ministers of Italy
6452:Common Assembly: 1952–1958
3983:, Palermo, Sellerio, 1995.
3968:De Gasperi visto da vicino
3663:, in L'Ago e il filo, 2014
3332:Alcide De Gasperi building
2892:which Pella was claiming.
2772:
2679:
2521:
2420:and the free territory of
2089:along with fellow Italian
1781:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1629:Christian Democratic Party
632:Giovanni Battista Migliori
29:
7591:20th-century philologists
7446:Italian Austro-Hungarians
7337:
7125:
6922:
6724:
6655:
6559:
6503:
6482:
6451:
6374:
6328:
6287:
6143:
5868:
5849:
5563:
5255:
5238:
4977:
4694:
4454:
4414:
4392:
4382:
4374:
4369:
4359:
4350:
4342:
4332:
4323:
4313:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4283:
4275:
4265:
4256:
4248:
4238:
4225:
4217:
4207:
4194:
4180:
4160:
4150:
4141:
4133:
4123:
4114:
4106:
4101:
3791:Allen Lane/Penguin Books
3746:, European People's Party
3078:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3016:account of De Gasperi by
3009:was named in his honour.
2953:
2890:Free Territory of Trieste
2706:assistance through INAM.
2584:National Security Council
2472:magazine – and his wife,
2395:constitutional referendum
2277:Idee per la Ricostruzione
2257:Austrian Social Democrats
1806:Center for Public Justice
1664:Croatian Democratic Union
1604:American Solidarity Party
964:
944:
921:
913:
886:
857:
834:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
764:
753:
745:
735:
724:
716:
706:
695:
685:
674:
666:
662:
655:
651:
647:
643:
620:
594:
583:
575:
565:
553:
542:
530:
518:
507:
500:
496:
489:
485:
481:
477:
461:
451:
439:
428:
421:
409:
397:
385:
374:
367:
355:
345:
317:
306:
296:
284:
272:
261:
254:
250:
243:
239:
229:
217:
206:
199:
187:
175:
141:
129:
108:
87:
76:
69:
65:
53:
41:
7531:Italian male journalists
7461:Prime ministers of Italy
7299:Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
7151:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
4448:Prime Ministers of Italy
4295:Party political offices
4228:Minister of the Interior
3970:, Milano, Rizzoli, 1986.
3955:Intervista su De Gasperi
3563:, BBC News, 13 June 2005
3337:
2815:to Christian Democracy.
2564:Popular Democratic Front
2518:General election in 1948
2382:(PdA). Communist leader
2372:Italian Republican Party
2252:L'Illustrazione Vaticana
1929:Christian libertarianism
1867:Sollicitudo rei socialis
1203:Environmental protection
1007:Catholic social teaching
369:Minister of the Interior
7546:Italian anti-communists
7541:Italian Roman Catholics
6948:Konstantinos Karamanlis
6675:President of Parliament
6320:Labour Democratic Party
6305:Italian Communist Party
6300:Italian Socialist Party
4144:Prime Minister of Italy
4082:, Centro Studi Malfatti
3444:Ginsborg, Paul (2003).
2995:European defence policy
2831:wrote his novels about
2676:Social security reforms
2528:CIA activities in Italy
2493:United States President
2368:Italian Socialist Party
2364:Italian Communist Party
2324:Prime Minister of Italy
2314:Prime Minister of Italy
2057:prime minister of Italy
1771:European People's Party
1609:Austrian People's Party
931:University of Innsbruck
71:Prime Minister of Italy
5182:Tommasi della Torretta
4706:
4466:
3981:De Gasperi e l'America
3659:
3513:Man from the Mountains
2944:
2912:was settled by ceding
2900:in Parliament, whilst
2873:
2848:Sardinian Action Party
2835:describing a village,
2784:
2753:
2726:
2697:
2540:
2435:
2327:
2306:'s cabinet, he became
2276:
2209:Italian People's Party
1796:European Ideas Network
1074:Economic progressivism
657:Parliamentary offices
136:The Prince of Piedmont
7551:Italian anti-fascists
7068:Gro Harlem Brundtland
6903:Salvador de Madariaga
6602:José María Gil-Robles
6310:Italian Liberal Party
4705:
4465:
4301:Position established
3923:Wilsford, David, ed.
3888:Duggan, Christopher.
3487:, Frank Eugene Smitha
2942:
2868:
2789:1953 general election
2782:
2744:
2720:
2692:
2670:Anne O'Hare McCormick
2578:radio broadcast. The
2535:
2430:
2388:deputy prime minister
2376:Italian Liberal Party
2321:
2290:was liberated by the
2203:Opposition to Fascism
2066:, serving under both
1934:Christian nationalism
1719:Polish People's Party
1689:National Action Party
1178:Social market economy
1136:Person Dignity Theory
1049:Consistent life ethic
1012:Christian corporatism
116:Vittorio Emanuele III
7536:Italian philologists
7436:People from Trentino
7319:the Ukrainian people
7171:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
7000:People of Luxembourg
6660:Commission President
6163:Paolo Emilio Taviani
3761:12 June 2012 at the
3742:3 March 2016 at the
3210:Constituent Assembly
3012:In 2024, a 515-page
2979:European integration
2963:was opened in 1993.
2829:Giovannino Guareschi
2433:Constituent Assembly
2399:Constituent Assembly
2283:and foreign policy.
2055:party and served as
1846:Graves de communi re
1839:Populorum progressio
936:University of Vienna
719:Constituent Assembly
560:Position established
245:Ministerial offices
7327:Pinchas Goldschmidt
7219:Jean-Claude Trichet
7179:Jean-Claude Juncker
7016:François Mitterrand
6874:European Commission
6622:Hans-Gert Pöttering
6541:Cornelis Berkhouwer
6445:European Parliament
6351:Green Flame Brigade
6336:Autonomous Brigades
6295:Christian Democracy
6136:Christian Democracy
5480:Terzi di Sant'Agata
4175:Position abolished
3485:The Cold War Begins
3423:Corriere della Sera
3290:Chamber of Deputies
3250:Chamber of Deputies
3170:Chamber of Deputies
3130:Chamber of Deputies
3024:, was published by
2987:European Parliament
2983:Schuman Declaration
2612:Communist countries
2538:Christian Democracy
2273:Christian Democracy
2115:Trentino-Alto Adige
2080:Italian Unification
2068:Victor Emmanuel III
2053:Christian Democracy
2012:Christianity portal
1951:Religious democracy
1917:Christian socialism
1912:Christian communism
1907:Christian anarchism
1614:Christian Democracy
1163:Religious pluralism
1131:Option for the poor
983:Christian democracy
669:Chamber of Deputies
7506:Bonomi III Cabinet
7315:Volodymyr Zelensky
7267:Timothy Garton Ash
7235:Dalia Grybauskaitė
6977:King Juan Carlos I
6803:George C. Marshall
6716:Recipients of the
6670:Council Presidency
6356:Matteotti Brigades
6341:Garibaldi Brigades
6208:Benigno Zaccagnini
6131:Secretaries of the
5092:Starabba di Rudinì
4707:
4467:
4102:Political offices
3851:"Francesca Romani"
3041:Florestano Vancini
2989:, the Community's
2949:Sella di Valsugana
2945:
2898:vote of confidence
2874:
2785:
2754:
2727:
2703:Italian Parliament
2698:
2665:The New York Times
2648:Italian Resistance
2646:'s regime and the
2541:
2512:Randolfo Pacciardi
2436:
2328:
2109:, now part of the
1801:Schuman Foundation
1188:Sphere sovereignty
152:Randolfo Pacciardi
131:Lieutenant General
60:De Gasperi in 1953
7421:Alcide De Gasperi
7350:
7349:
7344:
7343:
7307:Veronika Tsepkalo
7303:Maria Kalesnikava
7243:Herman Van Rompuy
7227:Wolfgang Schäuble
7163:Pope John Paul II
7100:Bronisław Geremek
6779:Winston Churchill
6750:Alcide De Gasperi
6718:Charlemagne Prize
6683:
6682:
6464:Alcide De Gasperi
6400:
6399:
6392:Alcide De Gasperi
6366:People's Brigades
6236:
6235:
6228:Mino Martinazzoli
6173:Alcide De Gasperi
6148:Alcide De Gasperi
6096:
6095:
5523:
5522:
4937:
4936:
4409:Alcide De Gasperi
4402:
4401:
4393:Succeeded by
4386:Charlemagne Prize
4384:Recipient of the
4360:Succeeded by
4333:Succeeded by
4314:Succeeded by
4266:Succeeded by
4239:Succeeded by
4208:Succeeded by
4191:
4151:Succeeded by
4124:Succeeded by
4029:978-88-6944-810-2
3940:Pietro Scoppola,
3874:Carrillo, Elisa.
3853:. 30 August 1894.
3825:. 21 August 1998.
3690:De Gasperi's Fall
3323:
3322:
3057:Electoral history
3007:College of Europe
2914:Koper/Capodistria
2871:Winston Churchill
2805:absolute majority
2592:Joseph P. Kennedy
2568:Italian Americans
2474:Clare Boothe Luce
2448:autonomous region
2384:Palmiro Togliatti
2335:(1946), signed a
2333:became a republic
2232:Giacomo Matteotti
2197:Karl I of Austria
2151:La Voce Cattolica
2046:
2045:
1983:Ethical socialism
1946:Liberal democracy
1853:Quadragesimo anno
1811:Paneuropean Union
1699:Nationalist Party
1151:Religious liberty
968:
967:
774:
773:
639:
638:
576:Secretary of the
473:
472:
48:Alcide De Gasperi
16:(Redirected from
7603:
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7367:
7366:
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7283:António Guterres
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6819:Walter Hallstein
6813:
6805:
6797:
6789:
6787:Paul-Henri Spaak
6781:
6773:
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6760:
6752:
6744:
6742:Hendrik Brugmans
6736:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6687:
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6459:Paul-Henri Spaak
6439:
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6427:
6420:
6413:
6404:
6403:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6240:
6239:
6213:Flaminio Piccoli
6203:Amintore Fanfani
6193:Flaminio Piccoli
6178:Amintore Fanfani
6153:Attilio Piccioni
6137:
6132:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6100:
6099:
5870:Italian Republic
5863:
5857:
5856:
5565:Kingdom of Italy
5550:
5543:
5536:
5527:
5526:
5505:Moavero Milanesi
5257:Italian Republic
5250:
5244:
5157:Paternò Castello
5137:Paternò Castello
5122:Visconti-Venosta
5032:Visconti-Venosta
5017:Visconti-Venosta
5007:Visconti-Venosta
4979:Kingdom of Italy
4964:
4957:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4696:Italian Republic
4456:Kingdom of Italy
4441:
4434:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4405:
4404:
4378:Hendrik Brugmans
4375:Preceded by
4363:Amintore Fanfani
4343:Preceded by
4317:Attilio Piccioni
4279:Paul-Henri Spaak
4276:Preceded by
4249:Preceded by
4233:
4218:Preceded by
4211:Enrico De Nicola
4202:
4189:as King of Italy
4187:
4181:Preceded by
4168:
4134:Preceded by
4107:Preceded by
4099:
4098:
4078:
4045:Internet Archive
4014:
4008:978-8815-25946-2
3997:
3988:
3975:
3964:Giulio Andreotti
3962:
3951:Giulio Andreotti
3949:
3939:
3895:Ginsborg, Paul.
3855:
3854:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3813:
3805:
3799:
3786:
3780:
3776:The Sunday Times
3772:
3766:
3753:
3747:
3734:
3728:
3725:Alexander Stille
3718:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3696:, 10 August 1953
3687:
3681:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3636:on 24 March 2016
3632:. Archived from
3620:
3614:
3611:
3590:
3583:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3545:"How to Hang On"
3542:
3536:
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3380:. britannica.com
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3090:Imperial Council
3061:
3060:
2968:Giulio Andreotti
2958:
2957:
2935:Death and legacy
2929:Amintore Fanfani
2894:Amintore Fanfani
2644:Benito Mussolini
2610:claimed that in
2576:Voice of America
2504:Giuseppe Saragat
2454:American support
2403:Enrico De Nicola
2393:In June 1946, a
2326:during the 1950s
2221:Benito Mussolini
2193:Pope Benedict XV
2091:Altiero Spinelli
2076:Italian Republic
2064:Kingdom of Italy
2038:
2031:
2024:
2009:
2002:
1978:Social democracy
1939:Theoconservatism
1874:Centesimus annus
1860:Laborem exercens
1669:Democratic Rally
1249:Arizmendiarrieta
1198:Environmentalism
1116:Multiculturalism
1064:Dignity of labor
1054:Cultural mandate
1022:Communitarianism
1017:Christian ethics
993:
970:
969:
907:
905:
892:Francesca Romani
844:
842:
817:
815:
799:Personal details
758:
748:Imperial Council
729:
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679:
653:
652:
623:
609:Giuseppe Spataro
604:Giovanni Gronchi
597:
588:
571:Attilio Piccioni
568:
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537:Amintore Fanfani
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162:Attilio Piccioni
157:Giuseppe Saragat
132:
95:Enrico De Nicola
81:
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32:Marco De Gasperi
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7076:Franz Vranitzky
7073:
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7057:
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7013:
7008:Henry Kissinger
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6684:
6679:
6651:
6647:Roberta Metsola
6607:Nicole Fontaine
6577:Pierre Pflimlin
6555:
6546:Georges Spénale
6536:Walter Behrendt
6516:Jean Duvieusart
6511:Gaetano Martino
6499:
6478:
6447:
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6396:
6387:Ferruccio Parri
6375:Prime Ministers
6370:
6361:Osoppo Brigades
6324:
6283:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6237:
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6223:Arnaldo Forlani
6218:Ciriaco De Mita
6198:Arnaldo Forlani
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4221:Giuseppe Romita
4213:
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4147:
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4137:Ferruccio Parri
4129:
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4076:
4037:
4012:
3998:Piero Craveri,
3995:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3947:
3937:
3934:
3892:(2008) ch 27–28
3864:
3862:Further reading
3859:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3809:Literary Review
3806:
3802:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3769:
3763:Wayback Machine
3754:
3750:
3744:Wayback Machine
3735:
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3705:
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3630:L'Ago e Il Filo
3621:
3617:
3612:
3593:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3551:, 19 April 1948
3543:
3539:
3535:, 12 April 1948
3529:"Show of Force"
3527:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3503:, 19 April 1948
3495:
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2991:Common Assembly
2937:
2777:
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2684:
2678:
2624:Socialist Unity
2588:Harry S. Truman
2530:
2522:Main articles:
2520:
2510:and the PRI of
2486:May 1947 crisis
2466:– the owner of
2456:
2360:Ferruccio Parri
2339:(1947), joined
2316:
2304:Ferruccio Parri
2265:
2244:Vatican Library
2205:
2171:Cesare Battisti
2119:Austria-Hungary
2099:
2042:
2000:Politics portal
1998:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1924:Christian right
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1089:Just war theory
1059:Culture of life
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906: 1922)
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858:Political party
847:Borgo Valsugana
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4908:
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4888:
4886:
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4708:
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4428:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4413:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4379:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4346:Guido Gonella
4341:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4234:
4229:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4198:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4110:Ivanoe Bonomi
4105:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3936:
3935:
3926:
3922:
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3912:
3908:
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3898:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3852:
3846:
3838:
3832:
3824:
3818:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3797:9780241483602
3794:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3733:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3711:, Santi beati
3710:
3702:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3674:Cabinet Maker
3670:
3664:
3661:
3651:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3588:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3519:, 25 May 1953
3518:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3447:
3440:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3392:
3386:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3356:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3070:Constituency
3062:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:Personal life
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2961:beatification
2956:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:Antonio Segni
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2776:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2696:
2695:Palazzo Chigi
2691:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2617:The PCI were
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:Frank Sinatra
2569:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:Luigi Einaudi
2506:, the PLI of
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2491:In May 1947,
2489:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:Marshall Plan
2342:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:Ivanoe Bonomi
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:Germanisation
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:Pope Leo XIII
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:Rerum novarum
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:Rerum novarum
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:Organizations
1746:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:New Democracy
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
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1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
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1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
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1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:von der Leyen
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Nell-Breuning
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Social Gospel
1166:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Neo-Calvinism
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Mixed economy
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Human dignity
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:
992:
988:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
972:
971:
963:
956:
953:
950:
949:
947:
943:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
889:
885:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
763:
757:
752:
749:
744:
741:
738:
734:
728:
723:
720:
715:
712:
709:
705:
699:
694:
691:
688:
684:
678:
673:
670:
665:
661:
654:
650:
646:
642:
631:
628:
627:
625:
619:
613:Giulio Rodinò
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
599:
593:
587:
582:
579:
574:
570:
564:
561:
558:
552:
546:
541:
538:
535:
529:
526:
525:Guido Gonella
523:
517:
511:
506:
503:
499:
495:
488:
484:
480:
476:
469:
466:
460:
456:
450:
447:
444:
438:
432:
427:
424:
420:
417:
414:
408:
405:
402:
396:
393:
390:
384:
378:
373:
370:
366:
363:
360:
354:
351:Ivanoe Bonomi
350:
344:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Ivanoe Bonomi
325:
324:
322:
316:
310:
305:
301:
295:
292:
289:
283:
280:
277:
271:
265:
260:
257:
253:
249:
242:
238:
234:
228:
225:
222:
216:
210:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
186:
183:
180:
174:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:Luigi Einaudi
147:
146:
144:
140:
137:
134:
128:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
111:
107:
101:
100:Luigi Einaudi
98:
96:
93:
92:
90:
86:
80:
75:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7259:Pope Francis
7161: /
7126:2001–present
7116:Bill Clinton
7092:Roman Herzog
7044:Václav Havel
7018: /
6832:Edward Heath
6749:
6597:Klaus Hänsch
6592:Egon Klepsch
6572:Piet Dankert
6531:Mario Scelba
6463:
6391:
6329:Armed forces
6315:Action Party
6172:
6147:
5877:
5279:
5264:
5231:
5152:Guicciardini
5142:Guicciardini
4709:
4685:
4383:
4351:
4324:
4305:
4300:
4284:
4257:
4252:Carlo Sforza
4242:Mario Scelba
4226:
4195:
4188:
4174:
4161:
4142:
4127:Pietro Nenni
4115:
4077:(in Italian)
4020:
4017:Nico Perrone
4013:(in Italian)
3999:
3996:(in Italian)
3989:
3987:(in Italian)
3980:
3977:Nico Perrone
3974:(in Italian)
3967:
3961:(in Italian)
3954:
3948:(in Italian)
3941:
3938:(in Italian)
3924:
3917:
3911:Modern Italy
3910:
3904:Modern Italy
3903:
3896:
3889:
3883:Modern Italy
3882:
3875:
3869:Modern Italy
3868:
3845:
3831:
3817:
3807:
3803:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3770:
3751:
3732:
3716:
3706:(in Italian)
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3655:(in Italian)
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:the original
3629:
3618:
3581:
3568:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3480:
3467:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3422:
3398:. Retrieved
3385:
3373:
3346:
3317:
3277:
3237:
3197:
3157:
3117:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3021:
3018:Mark Gilbert
3011:
2972:
2965:
2946:
2926:
2902:Mario Scelba
2875:
2841:
2817:
2808:
2786:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2735:
2732:collocamento
2731:
2728:
2708:
2699:
2685:
2663:
2652:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2561:
2549:Soviet Union
2542:
2496:Harry Truman
2490:
2478:
2467:
2457:
2437:
2407:
2392:
2380:Action Party
2357:
2329:
2285:
2281:
2269:World War II
2266:
2250:
2248:
2236:
2225:
2213:Luigi Sturzo
2211:(PPI), with
2206:
2175:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2126:
2103:Pieve Tesino
2100:
2084:
2061:
2048:
2047:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1733:
1684:Kataeb Party
1654:Centre Party
1428:
1309:John Paul II
1242:Philosophers
1210:Subsidiarity
1099:Conservative
1069:Distributism
1027:Conservatism
841:(1954-08-19)
821:Pieve Tesino
818:3 April 1881
765:Constituency
755:
736:Constituency
726:
707:Constituency
697:
686:Constituency
676:
622:Succeeded by
585:
567:Succeeded by
559:
544:
532:Succeeded by
509:
467:
463:Succeeded by
445:
430:
416:Mario Scelba
411:Succeeded by
391:
376:
362:Pietro Nenni
357:Succeeded by
336:
308:
298:Succeeded by
291:Carlo Sforza
278:
263:
231:Succeeded by
208:
189:Succeeded by
78:
36:
7431:1954 deaths
7426:1881 births
7393:Catholicism
7211:Donald Tusk
7020:Helmut Kohl
6969:Simone Veil
6895:Roy Jenkins
6861:Joseph Luns
6811:Joseph Bech
6758:Jean Monnet
6627:Jerzy Buzek
6582:Henry Plumb
6567:Simone Veil
6526:Alain Poher
6495:Hans Furler
6474:Hans Furler
6063:Cancellieri
5410:De Michelis
4396:Jean Monnet
4073:in Florence
3051:Ezio Marano
3014:revisionist
2833:Don Camillo
2444:South Tyrol
2189:World War I
2155:Il Trentino
2097:Early years
1881:Laudato si'
1674:Fianna Fáil
1504:Mikołajczyk
1397:Politicians
1193:Stewardship
1126:Neo-Thomism
1079:Familialism
1037:Progressive
954:philologist
879:(1943–1954)
873:(1920–1926)
867:(1906–1920)
596:Preceded by
555:Preceded by
520:Preceded by
453:Preceded by
399:Preceded by
347:Preceded by
286:Preceded by
219:Preceded by
177:Preceded by
7415:Categories
7108:Tony Blair
7036:Gyula Horn
6441:Presidents
6088:Piantedosi
6028:Napolitano
6018:Brancaccio
5878:De Gasperi
5818:Fornaciari
5723:Zanardelli
5663:Zanardelli
5455:Berlusconi
5280:De Gasperi
5265:De Gasperi
5232:De Gasperi
5012:La Marmora
4895:Berlusconi
4885:Berlusconi
4860:Berlusconi
4710:De Gasperi
4686:De Gasperi
4586:Zanardelli
4496:La Marmora
4357:1953–1954
4336:Adone Zoli
4330:1946–1954
4311:1944–1946
4263:1951–1953
4236:1946–1947
4184:Umberto II
4171:1945–1953
4148:1945–1953
4121:1944–1946
4000:De Gasperi
3932:In Italian
3429:17 January
3400:20 January
3365:References
3026:Allen Lane
2999:Karlspreis
2922:Adone Zoli
2918:Yugoslavia
2882:Parliament
2824:mortal sin
2793:superbonus
2660:ministries
2502:(PSDI) of
2464:Henry Luce
2418:Yugoslavia
2378:(PLI) and
2366:(PCI) and
2228:Acerbo Law
2134:issued by
2132:encyclical
2072:Umberto II
1729:VMRO-DPMNE
1584:Windthorst
1489:Mazowiecki
1429:De Gasperi
1279:Dooyeweerd
1269:Chesterton
1183:Solidarity
1141:Popularism
1094:Liberalism
1000:Principles
957:politician
951:Journalist
945:Profession
923:Alma mater
814:1881-04-03
121:Umberto II
18:De Gasperi
7381:Biography
6923:1976–2000
6725:1950–1975
6183:Aldo Moro
6083:Lamorgese
6033:Jervolino
5978:Andreotti
5903:Andreotti
5813:Mussolini
5808:Federzoni
5803:Mussolini
5618:Gualtiero
5573:Minghetti
5495:Gentiloni
5490:Mogherini
5425:Andreatta
5405:Andreotti
5217:Guariglia
5212:Mussolini
5202:Mussolini
5192:Mussolini
4915:Gentiloni
4845:Andreotti
4815:Spadolini
4800:Andreotti
4785:Andreotti
4666:Mussolini
4521:Minghetti
4491:Minghetti
3064:Election
2837:Brescello
2813:landslide
2386:acted as
2185:Reichsrat
2144:philology
2140:Innsbruck
1824:Documents
1679:Fine Gael
1564:Vogelsang
1559:Tindemans
1529:Pöttering
1409:Andreotti
1379:Vogelsang
1324:Lamennais
756:In office
727:In office
698:In office
677:In office
586:In office
545:In office
510:In office
431:In office
377:In office
309:In office
264:In office
209:In office
88:President
79:In office
5988:Scalfaro
5913:Tambroni
5783:Giolitti
5768:Salandra
5763:Giolitti
5758:Luzzatti
5748:Giolitti
5728:Giolitti
5718:Giolitti
5703:Starabba
5693:Giolitti
5688:Nicotera
5678:Depretis
5668:Depretis
5658:Depretis
5653:Nicotera
5648:Cantelli
5638:Starabba
5633:Ferraris
5628:Cantelli
5613:Rattazzi
5608:Ricasoli
5583:Rattazzi
5578:Ricasoli
5475:Frattini
5460:Frattini
5450:Ruggiero
5390:Malfatti
5325:Piccioni
5290:Piccioni
5222:Badoglio
5187:Schanzer
5172:Scialoja
5127:Prinetti
5117:Canevaro
5082:Depretis
5077:Robilant
5072:Depretis
5057:Depretis
5042:Depretis
5037:Melegari
5027:Menabrea
5022:Campello
5002:Pasolini
4997:Rattazzi
4992:Ricasoli
4750:Tambroni
4671:Badoglio
4651:Giolitti
4631:Salandra
4626:Giolitti
4621:Luzzatti
4611:Giolitti
4591:Giolitti
4571:Starabba
4561:Giolitti
4556:Starabba
4546:Depretis
4536:Depretis
4526:Depretis
4511:Menabrea
4506:Rattazzi
4501:Ricasoli
4481:Rattazzi
4476:Ricasoli
3759:Archived
3740:Archived
3351:Italian:
3326:See also
3043:'s film
2878:majority
2856:Cold War
2820:Holy See
2809:Scam Law
2801:at-large
2750:magazine
2656:centrist
2640:Fascists
2619:de facto
2608:campaign
2481:Eximbank
2446:, as an
2182:Austrian
2163:Trentino
2159:autonomy
1956:Buddhist
1519:Pastrana
1464:Korfanty
1454:Ketteler
1404:Adenauer
1384:Williams
1374:Tischner
1334:Maritain
1329:Leo XIII
1319:Korfanty
1314:Ketteler
1304:Habsburg
1284:Gebhardt
1264:Berggrav
975:a series
973:Part of
914:Children
851:Trentino
109:Monarchs
7355:Portals
7159:Pat Cox
6612:Pat Cox
6443:of the
6288:Parties
6078:Salvini
6073:Minniti
6043:Scajola
6023:Coronas
6008:Mancino
5993:Fanfani
5983:Rognoni
5973:Cossiga
5958:Taviani
5948:Restivo
5943:Taviani
5933:Taviani
5923:Spataro
5898:Fanfani
5888:Spataro
5828:Aldisio
5773:Orlando
5753:Sonnino
5743:Sonnino
5733:Tittoni
5713:Saracco
5708:Pelloux
5623:Cadorna
5603:Chiaves
5588:Peruzzi
5510:Di Maio
5470:D'Alema
5440:Agnelli
5435:Martino
5420:Colombo
5400:Colombo
5395:Ruffini
5385:Forlani
5350:Fanfani
5340:Fanfani
5330:Saragat
5320:Fanfani
5305:Fanfani
5295:Martino
5167:Tittoni
5162:Sonnino
5147:Tittoni
5132:Tittoni
5112:Capelli
5107:Caetani
5067:Mancini
5062:Cairoli
5052:Cairoli
4875:D'Alema
4840:De Mita
4830:Fanfani
4820:Fanfani
4810:Forlani
4805:Cossiga
4780:Colombo
4755:Fanfani
4740:Fanfani
4720:Fanfani
4641:Orlando
4636:Boselli
4616:Sonnino
4606:Sonnino
4596:Tittoni
4581:Saracco
4576:Pelloux
4541:Cairoli
4531:Cairoli
4370:Awards
4092:of the
4088:in the
4043:at the
3640:9 March
3318:Elected
3306:63,762
3278:Elected
3266:49,666
3238:Elected
3226:17,206
3198:Elected
3158:Elected
3118:Elected
3079:Result
2910:Trieste
2752:in 1953
2723:Bologna
2642:during
2636:Liguria
2574:made a
2566:(FDP).
2422:Trieste
2374:(PRI),
2267:During
2239:Vatican
2217:Fascism
1961:Islamic
1597:Parties
1549:Strauss
1539:Schuman
1524:Pethrus
1514:Quadros
1499:Metsola
1484:Martens
1424:Caldera
1354:Pius XI
1339:Mounier
1222:Welfare
1032:Liberal
908:
900:
896:
853:, Italy
446:Himself
392:Himself
337:Himself
279:Himself
7369:Saints
6068:Alfano
6058:Maroni
6048:Pisanu
6038:Bianco
6013:Maroni
6003:Scotti
5928:Scelba
5908:Scelba
5893:Scelba
5883:Scelba
5843:Romita
5833:Bonomi
5798:Taddei
5788:Bonomi
5738:Fortis
5698:Crispi
5683:Crispi
5598:Natoli
5515:Tajani
5500:Alfano
5485:Bonino
5415:Scotti
5370:Medici
5355:Medici
5275:Sforza
5227:Bonomi
5197:Grandi
5177:Sforza
5087:Crispi
4987:Cavour
4930:Meloni
4925:Draghi
4855:Ciampi
4725:Scelba
4676:Bonomi
4656:Bonomi
4601:Fortis
4566:Crispi
4551:Crispi
4486:Farini
4471:Cavour
4232:Acting
4201:Acting
4167:Acting
4027:
4015:
4006:
3795:
3175:Trento
3135:Trento
3076:Votes
3073:Party
3067:House
3003:Aachen
2725:, 1951
2632:Emilia
2355:(EU).
2292:Allies
2123:Vienna
2010:
1971:Mormon
1966:Jewish
1574:Wałęsa
1554:Sturzo
1494:Merkel
1474:Kuyper
1449:Joseph
1434:Erhard
1369:Sturzo
1294:Görres
1289:Gilson
1259:Belloc
1254:Baader
1042:Social
887:Spouse
711:Trento
142:Deputy
7405:Italy
7325:2024
7313:2023
7297:2022
7289:2020
7281:2019
7273:2018
7265:2017
7257:2016
7249:2015
7241:2014
7233:2013
7225:2012
7217:2011
7209:2010
7201:2009
7193:2008
7185:2007
7177:2006
7169:2005
7157:2004
7149:2003
7141:2002
7133:2001
7114:2000
7106:1999
7098:1998
7090:1997
7082:1996
7074:1995
7066:1994
7058:1993
7050:1992
7042:1991
7034:1990
7026:1989
7014:1988
7006:1987
6998:1986
6975:1982
6967:1981
6954:1979
6946:1978
6938:1977
6930:1976
6901:1973
6893:1972
6880:1970
6872:1969
6859:1967
6851:1966
6838:1964
6830:1963
6817:1961
6809:1960
6801:1959
6793:1958
6785:1957
6777:1956
6764:1954
6756:1953
6748:1952
6740:1951
6732:1950
6281:Italy
6053:Amato
5953:Rumor
5938:Rumor
5918:Segni
5838:Parri
5823:Reale
5793:Facta
5778:Nitti
5673:Villa
5643:Lanza
5593:Lanza
5380:Rumor
5360:Nenni
5315:Segni
5310:Pella
5300:Pella
5285:Pella
5270:Nenni
5207:Ciano
5102:Blanc
5047:Corti
4920:Conte
4910:Renzi
4905:Letta
4900:Monti
4890:Prodi
4880:Amato
4870:Prodi
4850:Amato
4835:Goria
4825:Craxi
4790:Rumor
4775:Rumor
4770:Leone
4760:Leone
4745:Segni
4730:Segni
4715:Pella
4681:Parri
4661:Facta
4646:Nitti
4516:Lanza
4390:1951
4290:1954
4205:1946
3723:, by
3338:Notes
3095:Tyrol
2860:right
2797:House
2286:When
2107:Tyrol
1579:Weber
1544:Söder
1534:Prodi
1479:Letta
1444:Groen
1419:Buzek
1364:Stein
1359:Röpke
1349:Pesch
1299:Groen
1227:State
902:(
898:
825:Tyrol
769:Tyrol
7143:Euro
6993:1985
6988:1984
6983:1983
6962:1980
6914:1975
6909:1974
6888:1971
6867:1968
6846:1965
6825:1962
6772:1955
5998:Gava
5968:Moro
5465:Fini
5445:Dini
5430:Elia
5375:Moro
5365:Moro
5345:Moro
5335:Moro
5097:Brin
4865:Dini
4795:Moro
4765:Moro
4735:Zoli
4025:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3793:ISBN
3694:Time
3678:Time
3642:2016
3549:Time
3533:Time
3517:Time
3501:Time
3431:2021
3402:2022
3285:1953
3245:1948
3205:1946
3165:1924
3125:1921
3102:UPPT
3085:1911
2904:and
2846:and
2818:The
2803:the
2787:The
2748:Time
2600:Time
2596:Time
2543:The
2526:and
2469:Time
2341:NATO
2195:and
2161:for
2070:and
1735:More
1509:Moro
1469:Kurz
1459:Kohl
1439:Frei
1414:Beel
1104:Ordo
865:UPPT
835:Died
804:Born
7317:,
6279:of
5963:Gui
4094:ZBW
3182:PPI
3142:PPI
3039:In
2916:to
2555:in
2460:PCI
2113:of
2105:in
1274:Day
871:PPI
7417::
7305:,
7301:,
4019:,
3979:,
3966:,
3953:,
3692:,
3676:,
3628:.
3594:^
3547:,
3531:,
3515:,
3499:,
3421:.
3410:^
3302:DC
3262:DC
3222:DC
3186:—
3146:—
3106:—
3053:.
3028:.
3020:,
2668:,
2626:.
2590:.
2488:.
2450:.
2310:.
2146:.
2093:.
2082:.
977:on
904:m.
877:DC
849:,
827:,
823:,
7357::
6709:e
6702:t
6695:v
6426:e
6419:t
6412:v
6262:e
6255:t
6248:v
6122:e
6115:t
6108:v
5549:e
5542:t
5535:v
4963:e
4956:t
4949:v
4440:e
4433:t
4426:v
3839:.
3644:.
3433:.
3404:.
3315:Y
3275:Y
3235:Y
3195:Y
3155:Y
3115:Y
2710:(
2037:e
2030:t
2023:v
917:4
816:)
812:(
34:.
20:)
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