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with the Sierra Club board. Facing staff cuts in 1984, Brower appealed over the board directly to the membership for emergency contributions. He was removed from the board for insubordination, but was reinstated when he threatened a lawsuit. In 1985 the board voted to close the San
Francisco office and move to Washington, D.C.. A referendum of the membership supported the board majority, and Brower resigned in 1986 to work through his
879:, in 1986, Brower developed Earth Island as a loosely structured incubator for innovative projects in ecology and social justice. Although he chaired the board of directors, Brower stayed in the background as co-directors David Philips and John Knox ran the organization. Projects were required to bring in their own funding, and often went their own way once well-established. Groups formed under Earth Island's umbrella include the
883:, the Environmental Project on Central America (EPOCA), and many others. Freed from administrative worries and budget controversies, Brower was able to continue to travel, speak and work on many of his long-standing concerns. In addition to his returning to the Sierra Club board for two separate terms, he also served on the Board of Directors for
757:– one of many issues that led to his resignation in protest from the board of directors in 2000. "Overpopulation is perhaps the biggest problem facing us," he said, "and immigration is part of that problem. It has to be addressed." His favorite example of how immigration should be addressed was the work of his cousin
736:
Sierra Club board elections in the late 1960s produced sharply defined pro- and anti-Brower factions. In 1968, Brower's supporters won a majority, but in 1969, anti-Brower candidates won all five open positions. Brower was charged with financial recklessness and insubordination by two of his former
639:
in 1962. These coffee-table books sold well and introduced the Sierra Club to new members interested in wilderness preservation. Brower published two new titles a year in the series, but they began to lose money for the organization after 1964, though many claim they were the primary cause of the
858:
Brower retired as executive director of FOE on its tenth anniversary in 1979, but continued as chairman of its board of directors. FOE's growing debt and tension between
Washington lobbying and grassroots action led to a crisis between Brower and a majority of the board that recalled his conflict
421:. On May 18, 1934, along with Voge, he began a ten-week climbing trip through the High Sierra, to survey climbing routes and maintain mountaineering records for the club. Previously, they had established several food caches along their planned route, which began at Onion Valley and ended at
648:
Under Brower's leadership from 1952 to 1969, the club's membership expanded tenfold, from 7,000 to 70,000 members, becoming the nation’s leading environmental membership organization. Building on the biennial
Wilderness Conferences which the Club launched in 1949 together with
49:
506:
Twelve previous attempts on
Shiprock had failed, and it was known as "the last great American climbing problem". The Brower party's success was described as an "outstanding effort" by "probably the only group on the continent capable of making the climb".
733:. In 1967, a membership referendum upheld the board's policy. Brower had come to believe that nuclear power was a dangerous mistake at any location, and he publicly voiced his opposition to Diablo Canyon, in defiance of the Club's official policy.
820:
in 1971. Brower's international contacts led to the founding of FOE International in 1971, a loose federation of sister organizations in some forty-four countries. Brower also started a publications program at FOE, which had initial success with
729:, not out of opposition to nuclear power itself. The Club's board of directors had voted to support the Diablo Canyon site for the power plant in exchange for PG&E's moving its initial site from the environmentally sensitive
833:
Although Brower's background was in the wilderness preservation wing of the conservation movement, he quickly led FOE to take on many of the issues raised by the new environmentalists. FOE campaigned against the
351:, and served on its board three times: from 1941–1953; 1983–1988; and 1995–2000 as a petition candidate enlisted by reform-activists known as the John Muir Sierrans. As a younger man, he was a prominent
891:, Brower flew to Denver in June 2000 for the Green Party convention. The day before he died, Brower cast his absentee ballot for Nader. He died at his home in Berkeley, California, on November 5, 2000.
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Eventually reconciled with the Sierra Club, Brower was elected to the board of directors for a term from 1983 to 1988, and again from 1995 to 2000. Brower was deeply concerned about issues of
761:, a botanist who immigrated to Oaxaca to build a more sustainable agricultural economy in the area that so many of the workers on his family's California farm had been forced to leave.
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as an alternative for tax-deductible contributions, but revenues to the Club dropped, despite victories in blocking the Grand Canyon dams and a considerable increase in membership.
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449:. Clyde called the Devils Crag climbs "one of the most remarkable mountaineering feats ever accomplished in the United States". In the Palisades range, the pair climbed
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FOE set up its headquarters in San
Francisco, and opened an office in Washington, D.C. Brower soon spun off two new organizations from the FOE Washington staff: the
640:
Club's extraordinary growth and rise to national prominence. Financial management began to be a bone of contention between Brower and the Club's board of directors.
773:(FOE) in 1969, soon after resigning as executive director of the Sierra Club. The move came during a burst of public environmental concern generated by the first
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Beginning his career as a world-class mountaineer with more than 70 first ascents to his credit, Brower came to the environmental movement through his interest in
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As annual deficits increased, tension grew between Brower and the Sierra Club board of directors. Another conflict grew over the Club's position on the
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Oliver, Bill, "A Tribute to the
Honorary Members of the Sierra Peaks Section: Norman Clyde, Glen Dawson and Jules Eichorn - Part III",
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in the wilderness, who gave him some valuable climbing lessons. On that trip he also met Hervey Voge, who persuaded him to join the
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by way of
Starlight Peak, and descended the U-Notch Couloir. In the Sawtooth Range, they climbed The Doodad, the West Tooth, and
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472:, with a Sierra Club group, Brower added winter climbing to his expertise and made multiple first winter ascents of peaks in the
1435:
Produced in 1989 by John de Graaf in cooperation with KCTS-Seattle. Distributed by
Bullfrog Films, Oley, PA 19547. 58 minutes.
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from 1947 to 1954. Brower was named the first executive director of the Sierra Club in 1952, and joined the fight against the
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611:– into press with publisher Alfred Knopf. Conservationists successfully lobbied Congress to delete Echo Park Dam from the
343:(1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the Earth Conferences. From 1952 to 1969, he served as the first
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1474:“David Brower: Speaks about "What Will it Cost the Earth" at Kelly Hall, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio (Part A)”
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in
Berkeley. Anne was the daughter of Francis L M. Hus and Frances Hus (1876–1952), while Frances was the daughter of
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in the
Vietnam War. After Ronald Reagan was elected President in 1980, FOE led the opposition to Interior secretary
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904:. The monument is meant to serve as a reminder to future generations about the precious nature of the planet.
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721:, California. The Club had played a major role in blocking PG&E's plan for a nuclear power plant at
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793:, which recounted Brower's confrontations with a geologist and mining engineer, a resort developer, and
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and board president Richard Leonard. Brower's resignation was accepted by a board vote of ten to five.
850:'s efforts to sell and lease public lands in the West and develop land adjacent to the National Parks.
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After the war, Brower returned to his job at the University of California Press, and began editing the
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which galvanized public opposition to the dams. In June 1966, the Club placed full-page ads in the
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with George Rockwood. After a close call with a loose rock while climbing in the Palisades, he met
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in the early 1960s, but that campaign had centered on the earthquake danger from the nearby
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in April 1970. FOE also benefited from the publicity generated by a series of articles in
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so tourists can get nearer the ceiling?" The campaign brought in many new members. The
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III, 5.7 A2, was the first in the United States to use expansion bolts for protection.
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940:"Sierra Club Legend Dies / Environmentalist was uncompromising steward of the planet"
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495:, the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano with nearly vertical walls on the
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From October 9 to 12, 1939, a Sierra Club climbing team including Brower, along with
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542:. Techniques described in this book were used by U.S. forces in the battles in the
1389:(1978). "13: David Brower and Charisma: The Rebirth of the Conservation Movement".
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801:. Brower so enjoyed being called the Archdruid that he later used the term in his
565:. Brower's role in the 10th Mountain Division is featured in the documentary film
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and the Lake Garda Alps. The book was published in three later revised editions.
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1468:“Brower, David Ross (1912 – 2000) American Environmentalist and Conservationist”
571:. He served as a major in the Army Reserve for many years after the war ended.
1266:"Sculptor rebuilds Ga. university's $ 1M sculpture of Earth following collapse"
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Following a failed attempt in 1935 to make the first ascent of the remote, icy
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1248:"David Brower, an Aggressive Champion of U.S. Environmentalism, Is Dead at 88"
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in 1964. Brower and the Sierra Club also led a major battle to stop the
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1397:(Introduction). Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing. pp. 150–159.
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595:. Taking advantage of his background in publishing, Brower rushed
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385:, David Brower's son, has authored a number of books, most notably
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and the founder of many environmental organizations, including the
1480:(GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC.
1441:. Directed by Kelly Duane for Loteria Films, 2004. DVD, 78 min.
978:
Norman Clyde: Legendary Mountaineer of California's Sierra Nevada
441:. From June 23 to 26, the pair made eight first ascents in the
425:. In all, the pair climbed 63 peaks on this trip, including 32
48:
1229:"David Brower, 1912-2000: Nature advocate defended wilderness"
311:
562:
491:, Raffi Bedayn, and John Dyer, completed the first ascent of
305:
1345:
John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement
1126:
John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement
1114:(Six). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society: 844–868.
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airplane (SST), nuclear power, and the use of the defoliant
665:. In 1964, Brower organized a dory river expedition led by
483:
Shiprock, first climbed by David Brower and friends in 1939
371:(1913–2001) whom he met when they were both editors at the
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charitable organization status. The board had set up the
615:
in 1955, and the Sierra Club received much of the credit.
1413:
The Man Who Built the Sierra Club: A Life of David Brower
538:
for use in training Allied mountain combat troops during
1095:(Six). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society: 844.
825:
in the wake of Earth Day, but then began to lose money.
661:
from building two dams that would flood portions of the
1380:
David Brower: The Making of the Environmental Movement
549:
During World War II, he served as a lieutenant in the
1433:
For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower.
1218:(San Francisco: Earth Island Institute, 1986), 47 pp.
673:
and author Francois Leydet. The trip led to the book
557:
in Vermont and the state of Washington and earning a
320:
1292:
For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower
1272:. Associated Press. October 23, 2007. Archived from
302:
299:
327:; July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was a prominent
296:
1586:Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni
1322:(New York Vail-Ballou Press, Gillick Press, 1961).
1106:Brower, David R. (June 1954). "Sierra High Trip".
1087:Brower, David R. (June 1954). "Sierra High Trip".
887:from 1988 until his death in 2000. A supporter of
693:announced it was suspending the Club's non-profit
643:
510:Brower made the first ascent of seventy routes in
1439:Monumental: David Brower's Fight for Wild America
1382:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).
828:
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1512:
499:in northwestern New Mexico. This climb, rated
1415:(New York: Columbia University Press, 2016).
1366:(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971).
1169:"Immigration's Dire Effect On The Environment"
938:Barnum, Alex; Martin, Glen (7 November 2000).
764:
553:, training its soldiers in mountaineering and
526:In 1942, Brower edited and contributed to the
400:
1216:Friends of the Earth: The First Sixteen Years
875:in 1982. After FOE moved its headquarters to
333:John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies
1581:United States Army personnel of World War II
1484:Online guide to the David Ross Brower Papers
1318:Brower, David, & the Sierra Club, eds.,
937:
653:, Brower helped the Club win passage of the
633:In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World
583:in 1946. He managed the Sierra Club annual
158:, Robert Brower, Barbara Brower, John Brower
1391:Pioneer Conservationists of Western America
1193:
980:, pp. 54–57 (Heyday Books, Berkeley, 2008)
967:, Volume 51, Number 3, July–September 2007.
631:in 1960, followed by the highly successful
409:. In 1933, Brower spent seven weeks in the
308:
1306:Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run
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919:Environmental history of the United States
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445:along with Norman Clyde, and also climbed
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1606:Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area
1327:The History of the Sierra Club, 1892–1970
1139:The History of the Sierra Club, 1892–1970
1470:by Lawrence Biskowski, Encyclopedia.com.
1162:
1160:
478:
1611:Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
1490:, University of California at Berkeley.
1478:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
1200:Yachnin, Jennifer (December 11, 2013).
1199:
990:
867:Later years with Earth Island Institute
14:
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1294:(Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith, 1990).
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1105:
1086:
1551:American non-fiction outdoors writers
1531:American anti–nuclear power activists
1320:Wilderness: America's Living Heritage
1166:
1157:
1028:Fifty Classic Climbs of North America
853:
618:
27:American environmentalist (1912–2000)
1385:
1246:Severo, Richard (November 7, 2000).
1167:Burke, B. Meredith (June 15, 2000).
1031:. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.
1077:(Sierra Club, San Francisco, 1969).
24:
1621:Military personnel from California
1616:20th-century American male writers
1426:
1308:(New York: HarperCollins, 1995).
1304:Brower, David with Steve Chapple,
685:asking: "Should we also flood the
627:' Exhibit Format book series with
429:. On the first day, they climbed
25:
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1591:Writers from Berkeley, California
1556:American male non-fiction writers
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1561:20th-century American memoirists
1505:“David Ross Brower, 1912 – 2000”
1347:(Boston: Little, Brown, 1981).
1108:The National Geographic Magazine
1089:The National Geographic Magazine
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238:U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division
194:
176:
30:For the Florida politician, see
1521:Sierra Club executive directors
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644:Membership rises, revenues drop
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1541:American male ski mountaineers
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970:
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931:
900:, was erected in his honor at
829:Widens environmental campaigns
745:Rejoins and resigns from board
705:Board conflict and resignation
613:Colorado River Storage Project
532:University of California Press
373:University of California Press
13:
1:
1363:Encounters with the Archdruid
924:
810:League of Conservation Voters
790:Encounters with the Archdruid
514:and elsewhere in the western
358:
1507:Biography from ecotopia.org.
1075:Manual of Ski Mountaineering
737:close friends, photographer
713:planned for construction by
635:, with color photographs by
528:Manual of Ski Mountaineering
7:
1576:United States Army officers
907:
818:Environmental Policy Center
765:Founds Friends of the Earth
401:Mountaineering achievements
10:
1637:
1536:American mountain climbers
1189:– via Common Dreams.
1152:History of the Sierra Club
823:The Environmental Handbook
675:Time and The River Flowing
629:This is the American Earth
593:Dinosaur National Monument
536:Cambridge University Press
387:The Starship and the Canoe
29:
1526:American conservationists
1054:Climbing in North America
902:Kennesaw State University
881:Rainforest Action Network
711:Diablo Canyon Power Plant
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1073:Brower, David – editor,
715:Pacific Gas and Electric
691:Internal Revenue Service
1546:American nature writers
1128:, pp. 272–290, 316–322.
1005:American Alpine Journal
1002:, "David Ross Brower",
575:Career with Sierra Club
63:David Ross Brower
1571:American print editors
1494:Obituary: David Brower
1456:Earth Island Institute
873:Earth Island Institute
861:Earth Island Institute
797:, the director of the
699:Sierra Club Foundation
651:The Wilderness Society
551:10th Mountain Division
484:
341:Earth Island Institute
138:Earth Island Institute
130:Sierra Club Foundation
1566:American book editors
1496:by Christopher Reed,
885:Native Forest Council
799:Bureau of Reclamation
787:, later published as
659:Bureau of Reclamation
482:
367:. He was married to
223:(Army National Guard)
94:5 November 2000
1488:The Bancroft Library
1476:, 1970-04-19, WYSO,
1461:Wilderness Connect:
871:Brower incorporated
840:supersonic transport
812:in 1970, founded by
771:Friends of the Earth
603:with photographs by
581:Sierra Club Bulletin
568:Fire on the Mountain
555:cross-country skiing
365:Berkeley, California
337:Friends of the Earth
134:Friends of the Earth
105:Berkeley, California
83:Berkeley, California
1452:David Brower Legacy
1325:Cohen, Michael P.,
1276:on August 23, 2007.
1235:. November 7, 2000.
1181:on February 4, 2012
976:Pavlik, Robert C.,
914:David Brower Center
530:, published by the
363:Brower was born in
1500:, 7 November 2000.
1252:The New York Times
1137:Michael P. Cohen,
854:Resigns from board
619:Coffee table books
497:Navajo reservation
485:
345:Executive Director
202:United States Army
128:Presidency of the
1331:Sierra Club Books
1174:The Seattle Times
986:978-1-59714-110-9
727:San Andreas Fault
625:Sierra Club Books
288:David Ross Brower
285:
284:
266:Bronze Star Medal
243:U.S. Army Reserve
72:1 July 1912
16:(Redirected from
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877:Washington, D.C.
717:(PG&E) near
597:This is Dinosaur
470:British Columbia
466:Mount Waddington
451:Thunderbolt Peak
435:Mount Williamson
423:Tuolumne Meadows
329:environmentalist
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897:Spaceship Earth
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769:Brower founded
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719:San Luis Obispo
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683:Washington Post
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601:Wallace Stegner
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544:North Apeninnes
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489:Bestor Robinson
459:Matterhorn Peak
453:, traversed to
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369:Anne Hus Brower
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276:Conservationist
272:Other work
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167:Military career
147:Anne Hus Brower
115:Conservationist
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1446:External links
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1421:978-0231164467
1411:Wyss, Robert.
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780:The New Yorker
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759:Boone Hallberg
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687:Sistine Chapel
679:New York Times
655:Wilderness Act
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1274:the original
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1214:Tom Turner,
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1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
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844:Agent Orange
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731:Nipomo Dunes
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637:Eliot Porter
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395:George Dyson
393:and his son
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256:World War II
252:Battles/wars
41:David Brower
1601:2000 deaths
1596:1912 births
1387:Wild, Peter
1000:Steve Roper
889:Ralph Nader
814:Marion Edey
785:John McPhee
755:immigration
739:Ansel Adams
671:Philip Hyde
609:Philip Hyde
559:Bronze Star
419:Sierra Club
411:High Sierra
353:mountaineer
349:Sierra Club
217:(U.S. Army)
132:, Founding
119:mountaineer
1515:Categories
1404:0878421076
925:References
816:, and the
723:Bodega Bay
591:in Utah's
585:High Trips
359:Early life
215:Lieutenant
172:Allegiance
111:Occupation
1333:, 1988).
1185:March 31,
775:Earth Day
695:501(c)(3)
144:Spouse(s)
102:(aged 88)
1458:website.
1025:(1979).
908:See also
681:and the
512:Yosemite
493:Shiprock
339:(1969),
335:(1997),
188:Service/
152:Children
1150:Cohen,
347:of the
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944:SFGATE
838:, the
437:, and
389:about
262:Awards
199:
190:branch
181:
85:, U.S.
669:with
563:Italy
221:Major
1417:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1187:2012
1058:ISBN
1033:ISBN
982:ISBN
951:2022
753:and
607:and
534:and
322:BROW
231:Unit
208:Rank
91:Died
60:Born
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501:YDS
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