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investigations, committee votes, and attempts to bring the issue to a vote in the full House, which included a defense by Levy and testimony from witnesses favorable to him, had not produced a definitive opinion of the House. Levy was allowed to take his seat, and no further attempts were made to contest his claim to it. Once seated in the House, Levy worked to gain statehood for the territory and to protect the expansion of slavery in other newly admitted states.
779:
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Company from 1853 to 1866, as well as president of the
Peninsular Railroad, Tropical Florida Railway, and Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad companies. His development of the railroads in Florida was his most important achievement and contribution to the state. He was called the "Father of Florida
630:
and served four years. He was seated after his election, but his position was disputed, as opponents argued that he was not a citizen. Levy agreed to suspend his legislative activities pending resolution of this issue in the next
Congressional session. By late March 1842 the associated
638:
to the United States Senate, the first Jew in the United States to win a seat in the Senate. He served until 1851 (during which period he began using Yulee as his surname). During his first Senate term, he served as chairman of the
4826:
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In 1836, Levy was elected to the
Florida Territory's Legislative Council, serving from 1837 to 1839. He was a delegate to the territory's constitutional convention in 1838 and served as the legislature's clerk in 1841.
614:, to provide for connection to ocean-going shipping. His company began construction in 1855. On March 1, 1861, the first train arrived from the east in Cedar Key, just weeks before the beginning of the Civil War.
673:
a statement of munitions and equipment in
Florida forts on January 2, 1860. He wrote to a friend in the state, "the immediately important thing to be done is the occupation of the forts and arsenals in Florida."
1598:
There is only one known statue of a Jewish
Confederate leader. It depicts David Levy Yulee, an industrialist, plantation owner, and Confederate senator from Florida, and it shows him sitting on a bench.
1257:"Twenty-Seventh Congress: The resolution of the Committee on Elections in reference to Mr. Levy was taken up as follows: Resolved, that David Levy, Esq., is not a citizen of the United States..."
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After receiving a pardon and being released from confinement, Yulee returned to
Florida and rebuilt the Yulee Railroad, which had been destroyed by warfare. He served as president of the
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1839:
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579:, Yulee began to develop a railroad across Florida. He had planned since 1837 to build a state-owned system. He became the first Southerner to use state grants under the
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Railroads". His leadership helped increase economic development in the state, including the late nineteenth-century tourist trade. In 1870 Yulee hosted
President
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587:"as a basis of credit" to acquire land and build railroad networks, which were built with slave and Irish immigrant labor through the Florida wilderness.
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There is some dispute as to Yulee's wartime legislative service. Some sources state that he served in the
Confederate Congress and others do not. A
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354:. He added Yulee, the name of a Moroccan ancestor, to his name soon after his 1846 marriage to Nancy Christian Wickliffe, daughter of ex-Governor
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808:. Award plaques in his honor were installed at both the Fernandina Chamber of Commerce and the Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins State Historic Site.
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and raised in St. Thomas. The family moved to
Florida when he was a child. He later served as Florida's territorial delegate to Congress.
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Issuing public stock, Yulee chartered the
Florida Railroad in 1853. He planned its eastern and western terminals at deep-water ports,
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1277:"The resolution postponing the case of David Levy sitting delegate from Florida till the next session was adopted: Yeas 123, Nays 44"
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1237:"House of Representatives: Mr. Levy introduced a bill making further provision for the suppression of hostilities in Florida..."
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739:. His wife was Christian, and they raised their children in her faith. Levy was a second cousin of U.S. Senator from Louisiana
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After the family immigrated to the United States in the early 1820s, Moses Levy bought 50,000 acres (200 km) of land near
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In 1855 Yulee was again elected by the Florida legislature to the Senate. He served until resigning in 1861 to support the
583:, passed to encourage the development of such infrastructure. He made extensive use of the act to secure federal and state
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In 1846, Levy officially changed his name to David Levy Yulee by an act of the Florida Legislature, adding his father's
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755:, where she had a family. Yulee died on October 10, 1886, at the Clarendon Hotel in New York City. Yulee was buried at
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Note: All of Florida's Confederate senators and representatives are listed here, and Yulee's name is not among them.
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and served as president of several other rail companies, earning him the nickname of "Father of Florida Railroads."
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1174:, University of Florida Smathers Libraries, Special and Area Studies Collections, March 2005, accessed 24 July 2011
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document states that Yulee did serve in the Confederate Congress. After the war, Yulee was imprisoned in
572:, but he abandoned his idea of building a railroad in the area as tensions rose and war seemed imminent.
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1400:"U.S. Senate: The Election Case of David L. Yulee of Florida v. Stephen R. Mallory of Florida (1852)"
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304:; June 12, 1810 – October 10, 1886) was an American politician and attorney who served as the
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665:". Although he frequently denied that he favored secession, Yulee and his colleague, Senator
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Yulee's inflammatory pro-slavery rhetoric in the Senate earned him the nickname "Florida
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468:). Moses Levy was a first cousin and business partner of Phillip Benjamin, the father of
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in the British colony. His mother, Hannah Abendanone, was also Sephardi; her ancestors
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491:" for Jewish settlers. The parents sent their son to a boy's academy and college in
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Yulee was in favor of slavery and the secession of Florida. His fortune came from a
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In 1845, after Florida was admitted as a state, the legislature elected Levy as a
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During his twenties, Levy served in the territorial militia, including during the
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448:. His grandfather Eliyahu ha-Levy ibn-Yuli served as an undersecretary to Sultan
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503:, was admitted to the bar in 1832, and started a law practice in St. Augustine.
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Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Florida Territory
1811:
1. Because of Florida's secession, the Senate seat was vacant for seven years.
1508:"Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, D.C. (Henry Crescent) - Lots 366 and 367 East"
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1583:"Why Are There No Statues Of Jewish Confederate Judah Benjamin To Tear Down?"
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381:, and his antebellum railroads were largely built by slave labor. After the
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1353:"Republican Jews Alarmed at the Prospect of a Void in the House and Senate"
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for nine months for treason, specifically for aiding in the 1865 escape of
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363:
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surname. That year he married Nancy Christian Wickliffe, the daughter of
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plantation, built and maintained by enslaved African Americans, along the
526:. In 1834, he was present at a conference with Seminole chiefs, including
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Retrieved from the permanent collection of the Jewish Museum of Florida
1033:
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1029:
1027:
736:
584:
553:
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Despite his wealth as a trader, his father feared it would lead to sin.
1080:
The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members
917:
The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members
778:
472:, the future Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America.
4506:
3826:
3726:
3636:
3451:
3396:
3366:
3246:
1317:
Cases of Contested Elections in Congress from 1834 to 1865, Inclusive
1298:
Cases of Contested Elections in Congress from 1834 to 1865, Inclusive
488:
374:
1490:
John R. Nemmers, George A. Smathers Library, University of Florida,
1024:
936:. Vol. 24. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 201.
800:
In 2000, the Florida Department of State designated Levy Yulee as a
4141:
3951:
3471:
2521:
835:
List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress
453:
359:
1574:
751:
Selling the Florida Railroad, he retired in 1880 with his wife to
527:
445:
429:
332:
309:
54:
2615:
United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service
1614:
1336:. Florida Department of State, Florida Heritage. Archived from
433:
343:
622:
Levy (still going by that surname) was elected in 1841 as the
1416:
Moses Levy of Florida: Jewish Utopian and Antebellum Reformer
845:
List of United States senators born outside the United States
4867:
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
1189:"David Levy Yulee: Conflict and Continuity in Social Memory"
1037:
797:
The town of Fernandina Beach, Florida has a statue of Yulee.
142:
1010:. Vol. 3. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press. p. 168.
3041:
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida
1648:
1301:. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p.
1172:
John R. Nemmers, "A Guide to the David Levy Yulee Papers"
1120:"1886: Controversy-beset first Jewish U.S. Senator dies"
993:. Fernandina Beach, FL: Amelia Island Museum of History.
4777:
American people of United States Virgin Islands descent
1847:
1151:
962:
Finding Florida. The True History of the Sunshine State
930:
Garraty, John Arthur; Carnes, Mark Christopher (1999).
366:, and raised his children as Christian, he encountered
1334:"Great Floridians 2000 Program: Judah Philip Benjamin"
335:
and his mother, also of Sephardi descent, was born in
4917:
Prisoners and detainees of the United States military
641:
United States Senate Committee on Private Land Claims
316:. A secessionist and slaveowner, he also founded the
4832:
Democratic Party United States senators from Florida
1656:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1478:
Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography
840:
List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
362:. Though Yulee converted to Christianity, became an
1696:
Florida Territory's at-large congressional district
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1264:. Philadelphia, PA. September 8, 1841. p. 1.
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2101:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
1044:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 348
552:In 1851 Yulee founded a 5,000-acre (20 km)
4807:Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
1570:. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 32.
1147:
1145:
645:United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs
452:while his paternal grandmother Rachel was from
4882:Members of the Florida Territorial Legislature
1567:Publications of the Florida Historical Society
1244:. Hillsborough, NC. August 5, 1841. p. 3.
3025:
2598:
2084:
1833:
1284:. Buffalo, NY. September 13, 1841. p. 2.
1182:
1180:
929:
4857:Jewish American state legislators in Florida
1772:United States Senator (Class 3) from Florida
1734:United States Senator (Class 1) from Florida
1142:
4897:Recipients of American presidential pardons
4887:People of Florida in the American Civil War
867:. Some of the material has been digitized.
407:
4767:American people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
3032:
3018:
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2591:
2091:
2077:
1840:
1826:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1041:Florida. A Guide to the Southernmost State
896:"Jewish Virtual Library: David Levy Yulee"
562:Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins State Historic Site
547:Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins State Historic Site
29:
4772:American people of Spanish-Jewish descent
4757:19th-century American railroad executives
1537:
1139:(Coral Gables, FL: MOSAIC, Inc., 1991): 9
984:
517:
389:for nine months for aiding the escape of
133:U.S. House of Representatives
67:March 4, 1855 – January 21, 1861
4782:American politicians of Moroccan descent
1350:
1328:
1326:
955:
953:
777:
769:
761:
581:Florida Internal Improvement Act of 1855
564:. Yulee was also business partners with
541:
505:
4912:United States senators who owned slaves
1580:
1387:. Jacksonville, FL: G. D. Ackerly: 362.
1156:
1072:
1070:
4734:
1493:A Guide to the David Levy Yulee Papers
1412:
1003:
959:
714:
628:United States House of Representatives
537:
348:United States House of Representatives
158:March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1845
4892:People from Fernandina Beach, Florida
4817:Danish emigrants to the United States
3013:
2586:
2072:
1821:
1378:
1323:
1211:"Orange Springs Once Thriving Resort"
1076:
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890:
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331:family; his father was a trader from
103:July 1, 1845 – March 3, 1851
4922:19th-century American Sephardic Jews
1208:
1067:
850:
396:. After being pardoned by President
350:as well as the first elected to the
1849:United States senators from Florida
1186:
865:David Levy Yulee Papers (1842–1886)
746:
617:
456:and was said to have spoken fluent
327:, then under British control, to a
13:
4812:Converts to Calvinism from Judaism
1641:Guide to the David L. Yulee Papers
1626:Works by or about David Levy Yulee
1106:Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach
877:
626:from the Florida Territory to the
14:
4938:
4902:United States Virgin Islands Jews
4752:19th-century American legislators
1607:
1540:"Driving through Florida history"
1282:Commercial Advertiser and Journal
1038:Federal Writers' Project (1939),
985:Edenfield, Gray (June 17, 2014).
697:
4927:19th-century Florida politicians
4792:American prisoners and detainees
3177:
3171:
2814:
2295:
1946:
1651:"David Levy Yulee (id: Y000061)"
1613:
1581:Feldman, Ari (August 20, 2017).
1461:
1379:Davis, Robt. W. (June 1, 1902).
1351:Horowitz, Jason (12 July 2014).
1209:Cook, David (December 6, 1987).
323:Yulee was born on the island of
1558:
1531:
1520:from the original on 2022-10-23
1500:
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1469:
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1406:
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1228:
1202:
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1112:
1097:
2824:Civil Service and Retrenchment
1413:Monaco, C. S. (October 2015).
1137:Mosaic: Jewish Life in Florida
1083:. Scarecrow Press. p. 4.
1055:
997:
978:
923:
908:
510:David L. Yulee, photograph by
487:He wanted to establish a "New
342:Yulee was the first person of
1:
4907:19th-century American lawyers
4872:Jewish United States senators
4802:British Virgin Islands people
2965:Post Office and Civil Service
1691:U.S. House of Representatives
1674:U.S. House of Representatives
1637:, Yulee Railroad Days website
1447:. October 14, 1886. p. 2
870:
806:Great Floridians 2000 Program
669:, jointly requested from the
36:
1475:Thomas William Herringshaw,
857:George A. Smathers Libraries
677:
466:United States Virgin Islands
16:American senator (1810–1886)
7:
2108:Military Affairs Committee
933:American National Biography
828:
10:
4943:
2622:Post Office and Post Roads
1538:Hunn, Max (Aug 19, 1956).
1004:McIver, Stuart B. (2008).
964:. Atlantic Monthly Press.
412:He was born David Levy in
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3275:
3190:
3186:
3169:
3089:
3051:
3047:
2964:
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2812:
2621:
2473:Armed Services Committee
2472:
2304:
2293:
2107:
1955:
1944:
1855:
1809:
1800:
1785:
1769:
1761:
1751:
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1687:
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1191:. Jacksonville University
495:. Levy studied law with
291:
280:
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193:
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176:
164:
151:
129:
117:
107:
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83:
71:
60:
48:
44:
28:
21:
2305:Naval Affairs Committee
1666:, Jewish Virtual Library
1649:United States Congress.
1643:, University of Florida]
1295:Bartlett, D. W. (1865).
1103:Roger Moore, Ron Kurtz,
477:present-day Jacksonville
438:were expelled from Spain
408:Early life and education
346:ancestry elected to the
318:Florida Railroad Company
1077:Stone, Kurt F. (2001).
987:"David Yulee's History"
824:was named in his honor.
570:Orange Springs, Florida
385:, he was imprisoned at
370:throughout his career.
312:immediately before the
241:New York City, New York
4847:Forerunners of Zionism
4787:American Presbyterians
1712:as U.S. Representative
1064:Jewish Virtual Library
782:
775:
767:
549:
518:Early political career
514:
432:who made a fortune in
4852:American Mizrahi Jews
4797:American slave owners
3145:(served concurrently)
1381:"Florida in Congress"
1242:Hillsborough Recorder
960:Allman, T.D. (2013).
863:have a collection of
861:University of Florida
781:
773:
765:
545:
509:
450:Mohammed ben Abdallah
391:Confederate President
50:United States Senator
4877:Levy County, Florida
4822:Danish Sephardi Jews
1803:Notes and references
1622:at Wikimedia Commons
1445:The Weekly Floridian
1441:"Death of Mr. Yulee"
792:Levy County, Florida
774:Memorial inscription
729:governor of Kentucky
725:Charles A. Wickliffe
684:United States Senate
654:at the start of the
643:(1845–1849) and the
566:John William Pearson
356:Charles A. Wickliffe
352:United States Senate
285:Charles A. Wickliffe
4442:Cherfilus-McCormick
1495:: Biographical Note
759:in Washington, D.C.
715:Marriage and family
538:Florida businessman
524:Second Seminole War
416:, on the island of
224:U.S. Virgin Islands
1790:Title next held by
1778:Served alongside:
1740:Served alongside:
1635:Detailed biography
1358:The New York Times
1007:Touched by the Sun
991:From the Jailhouse
794:are named for him.
783:
776:
768:
733:Postmaster General
656:American Civil War
596:Port of Fernandina
550:
515:
462:Danish West Indies
377:plantation on the
314:American Civil War
220:Danish West Indies
4837:Florida Democrats
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4627:Wasserman Schultz
4552:Wasserman Schultz
4432:Wasserman Schultz
3167:
3166:
3007:
3006:
2967:(1947–1977)
2924:(1921–1947)
2826:(1873–1921)
2624:(1816–1947)
2580:
2579:
2066:
2065:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1805:
1776:1855–1861
1752:Succeeded by
1738:1845–1851
1715:
1703:Succeeded by
1618:Media related to
1544:Ocala Star-Banner
1426:978-0-8071-6428-0
1215:Ocala Star-Banner
1109:, 2001, page 1873
1090:9-780-8108-7738-2
1017:978-1-56164-206-9
851:Archival material
786:Both the town of
757:Oak Hill Cemetery
741:Judah P. Benjamin
493:Norfolk, Virginia
481:Florida Territory
470:Judah P. Benjamin
428:businessman from
420:. His father was
295:
294:
252:Oak Hill Cemetery
139:Florida Territory
4934:
4862:Confederate Jews
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3049:
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3011:
3010:
2818:
2613:Chairmen of the
2607:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2299:
2099:Chairmen of the
2093:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2069:
1950:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1801:
1794:Thomas W. Osborn
1762:Preceded by
1709:
1689:Delegate to the
1680:Preceded by
1670:
1669:
1660:
1630:Internet Archive
1620:David Levy Yulee
1617:
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1600:
1595:
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1385:Florida Magazine
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1187:Wiseman, Maury.
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1101:
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1062:David Levy Yulee
1059:
1053:
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1022:
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1001:
995:
994:
982:
976:
975:
957:
948:
947:
927:
921:
912:
906:
905:
903:
902:
892:
753:Washington, D.C.
747:Death and legacy
735:under President
709:Ulysses S. Grant
704:Florida Railroad
618:Political career
575:While living in
486:
422:Moses Elias Levy
414:Charlotte Amalie
404:" by the state.
329:Sephardic Jewish
298:David Levy Yulee
256:Washington, D.C.
237:
234:October 10, 1886
216:Charlotte Amalie
212:
210:
194:Personal details
185:(Representative)
179:
167:
156:
146:
135:
120:
113:Seat established
110:
101:
90:Thomas W. Osborn
86:
74:
65:
38:
33:
23:David Levy Yulee
19:
18:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4842:Florida lawyers
4732:
4731:
4730:
4721:
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4671:
4657:Mucarsel-Powell
4631:
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2291:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2067:
2062:
1951:
1942:
1851:
1846:
1791:
1781:Stephen Mallory
1777:
1775:
1767:
1757:
1755:Stephen Mallory
1739:
1737:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1685:
1683:Charles Downing
1610:
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914:Kurt F. Stone,
913:
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900:
898:
894:
893:
878:
873:
853:
831:
802:Great Floridian
766:Yulee gravesite
749:
717:
711:in Fernandina.
700:
692:Jefferson Davis
680:
667:Stephen Mallory
620:
558:Homosassa River
540:
520:
484:
426:Sephardi Jewish
410:
402:Great Floridian
394:Jefferson Davis
379:Homosassa River
287:(father-in-law)
276:Nancy Wickliffe
263:Political party
254:
239:
235:
214:
208:
206:
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177:
171:Charles Downing
165:
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124:Stephen Mallory
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72:
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40:
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4667:M. DĂaz-Balart
4664:
4659:
4654:
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4643:
4641:
4633:
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4622:M. DĂaz-Balart
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4467:M. DĂaz-Balart
4464:
4462:L. DĂaz-Balart
4458:
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2475:(1947–present)
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2015:
2010:
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1798:
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1784:
1768:
1765:Jackson Morton
1763:
1759:
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1753:
1750:
1747:Jackson Morton
1743:James Westcott
1730:
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1609:
1608:External links
1606:
1603:
1602:
1573:
1557:
1530:
1499:
1483:
1481:, 1914, p. 524
1468:
1456:Newspapers.com
1432:
1425:
1405:
1391:
1371:
1343:
1340:on 2007-09-30.
1322:
1308:
1287:
1267:
1247:
1227:
1201:
1176:
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1111:
1096:
1089:
1066:
1054:
1023:
1016:
996:
977:
970:
949:
942:
922:
920:, 2010, page 4
907:
875:
874:
872:
869:
852:
849:
848:
847:
842:
837:
830:
827:
826:
825:
821:David L. Yulee
809:
798:
795:
788:Yulee, Florida
748:
745:
716:
713:
699:
698:Reconstruction
696:
679:
676:
671:War Department
619:
616:
612:Gulf of Mexico
539:
536:
519:
516:
497:Robert R. Reid
409:
406:
398:Andrew Johnson
337:Sint Eustatius
293:
292:
289:
288:
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
249:
245:
244:
238:(aged 76)
232:
228:
227:
202:
200:
196:
195:
191:
190:
187:
186:
180:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
149:
148:
130:Member of the
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
94:
93:
87:
81:
80:
78:Jackson Morton
75:
69:
68:
58:
57:
46:
45:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4939:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:28th district
4704:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:27th district
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:26th district
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:25th district
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:24th district
4564:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:23rd district
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:22nd district
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:21st district
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:20th district
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:19th district
4359:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:18th district
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:17th district
4274:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:16th district
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:15th district
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:14th district
4124:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:13th district
4059:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:12th district
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:11th district
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:10th district
3869:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Brockenbrough
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:Civil Service
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1706:Edward Cabell
1698:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1457:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1419:. LSU Press.
1418:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1320:, p. 47.
1319:
1318:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1262:Public Ledger
1258:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1000:
992:
988:
981:
973:
971:9780802120762
967:
963:
956:
954:
945:
943:9780195206357
939:
935:
934:
926:
919:
918:
911:
897:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
876:
868:
866:
862:
858:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
823:
822:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
799:
796:
793:
789:
785:
784:
780:
772:
764:
760:
758:
754:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:, the former
726:
722:
712:
710:
705:
695:
693:
689:
685:
675:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
648:
647:(1849–1851).
646:
642:
637:
632:
629:
625:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:Amelia Island
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
548:
544:
535:
531:
529:
525:
513:
508:
504:
502:
501:St. Augustine
498:
494:
490:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
405:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
290:
286:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
248:Resting place
246:
242:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:June 12, 1810
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
183:Edward Cabell
181:
175:
172:
169:
163:
155:
150:
145:
140:
134:
128:
125:
122:
116:
112:
106:
100:
95:
91:
88:
82:
79:
76:
70:
64:
59:
56:
51:
47:
43:
32:
27:
20:
4687:Ros-Lehtinen
4337:Ros-Lehtinen
3852:G. Bilirakis
3847:M. Bilirakis
3818:9th district
3748:8th district
3708:7th district
3653:6th district
3573:5th district
3488:4th district
3408:3rd district
3278:2nd district
3193:1st district
3080:
2685:
2373:
1972:
1862:
1802:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1741:
1732:
1727:
1711:
1710:
1688:
1654:
1597:
1592:September 6,
1590:. Retrieved
1586:
1576:
1566:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1546:. p. 29
1543:
1533:
1522:. Retrieved
1502:
1497:, March 2005
1492:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1454:– via
1449:. Retrieved
1444:
1435:
1415:
1408:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1356:
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387:Fort Pulaski
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368:antisemitism
364:Episcopalian
341:
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236:(1886-10-10)
178:Succeeded by
153:
119:Succeeded by
98:
85:Succeeded by
62:
4762:Fire-Eaters
4747:1886 deaths
4742:1810 births
3622:Brown-Waite
3387:Southerland
3257:Scarborough
2497:Saltonstall
2354:R. Williams
2307:(1816–1947)
2262:Chamberlain
2127:J. Williams
2117:J. Williams
2110:(1816–1947)
1993:Mallory Jr.
1868:Mallory Sr.
1721:U.S. Senate
1048:October 29,
652:Confederacy
585:land grants
442:Netherlands
166:Preceded by
109:Preceded by
73:Preceded by
4736:Categories
3642:Rutherford
3557:Rutherford
2152:Crittenden
1893:Taliaferro
1700:1841–1845
1524:2022-10-22
1451:2023-11-17
1195:2013-06-27
901:2009-05-15
871:References
737:John Tyler
663:Fire-Eater
606:side, and
592:Fernandina
577:Fernandina
554:sugar cane
418:St. Thomas
325:St. Thomas
302:David Levy
267:Democratic
209:1810-06-12
203:David Levy
39:1855–1865)
4592:F. Wilson
4557:Moskowitz
4402:F. Rooney
4342:P. Murphy
4307:T. Rooney
4262:T. Rooney
4087:D. Miller
4052:Bilirakis
3947:P. Rogers
3832:P. Rogers
3732:S. Murphy
3667:P. Rogers
3662:D. Rogers
3582:Hendricks
3437:Smithwick
3427:E. Wilson
3327:Dougherty
3262:J. Miller
3061:Hernández
3053:Territory
2936:Stanfield
2883:Pritchard
2666:Henderson
2517:Goldwater
2419:McPherson
2409:McPherson
2369:Fairfield
2324:Pleasants
2267:Wadsworth
1664:Biography
721:Sephardic
678:Civil War
608:Cedar Key
489:Jerusalem
464:(now the
383:Civil War
375:sugarcane
281:Relatives
154:In office
99:In office
92:(in 1868)
63:In office
4547:Hastings
4437:Hastings
4377:Johnston
4352:Franklin
4267:Buchanan
4217:Franklin
4147:Johnston
4097:Buchanan
4077:Mack III
3972:J. Davis
3787:McCollum
3757:Matthews
3692:DeSantis
3612:McCollum
3552:Crenshaw
3537:Chappell
3517:Smathers
3447:Caldwell
3377:Peterson
3342:R. Davis
3237:Campbell
3232:McMullen
3227:Peterson
3217:Sparkman
3207:Davidson
3124:Hamilton
3091:At-large
2994:Monroney
2989:Johnston
2979:Johnston
2931:Sterling
2913:Sterling
2908:McKellar
2903:Pomerene
2801:McKellar
2781:Sterling
2776:Townsend
2771:Bankhead
2696:Collamer
2661:Robinson
2527:Thurmond
2459:Trammell
2344:Southard
2282:Reynolds
2277:Sheppard
2257:Johnston
2232:Walthall
2212:Randolph
2137:Harrison
2048:Martinez
2023:Smathers
2008:Fletcher
1998:W. Bryan
1963:Westcott
1903:Trammell
1898:N. Bryan
1728:New seat
1515:Archived
829:See also
819:SS
636:Democrat
624:delegate
604:Atlantic
454:Tangiers
360:Kentucky
160:Delegate
147:district
144:at-large
4717:Giménez
4697:Salazar
4692:Shalala
4662:Giménez
4652:Curbelo
4527:Frankel
4517:Frankel
4477:Frankel
4427:Deutsch
4407:Donalds
4397:Clawson
4372:Fascell
4297:K. Meek
4292:C. Meek
4257:Mahoney
4192:Bacchus
4182:Fascell
4157:Mack IV
4142:D. Mica
4012:Fascell
3987:Webster
3967:Gibbons
3962:Bacchus
3952:D. Mica
3912:Demings
3907:Webster
3897:Ireland
3892:Bafalis
3882:Gibbons
3857:Grayson
3802:Webster
3797:Grayson
3777:Ireland
3727:J. Mica
3722:Gibbons
3687:Stearns
3672:Gibbons
3617:Thurman
3587:Herlong
3532:Herlong
3527:Fascell
3522:Lantaff
3477:Cammack
3462:Bennett
3362:Bennett
3332:Bullock
3212:Mallory
3149:L'Engle
3134:Niblack
3119:Hawkins
3114:Maxwell
3076:Downing
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2941:Couzens
2898:Cummins
2893:Perkins
2868:Wolcott
2838:Clayton
2761:Penrose
2751:Wolcott
2671:Merrick
2646:Johnson
2507:Stennis
2502:Russell
2492:Russell
2487:Tydings
2454:F. Hale
2444:Swanson
2439:Tillman
2434:Perkins
2429:E. Hale
2424:Cameron
2414:Cameron
2404:Sargent
2389:J. Hale
2384:Mallory
2319:Sanford
2252:du Pont
2242:Proctor
2207:Spencer
2192:Johnson
2177:Shields
2147:Preston
2132:Jackson
2053:LeMieux
2038:Hawkins
1983:Conover
1956:Class 3
1918:Holland
1913:Andrews
1878:Gilbert
1856:Class 1
1628:at the
1587:Forward
1364:13 July
1124:Haaretz
859:at the
804:in the
610:on the
602:on the
528:Osceola
458:Spanish
446:England
440:to the
430:Morocco
333:Morocco
310:Florida
306:senator
55:Florida
35:Yulee (
4647:Garcia
4617:Rivera
4582:Kosmas
4577:Feeney
4522:Deutch
4472:Deutch
4387:Deutch
4382:Wexler
4332:Pepper
4312:Steube
4302:Wilson
4287:Lehman
4197:Weldon
4162:Castor
4137:Pepper
4092:Harris
4072:Lehman
4042:Putnam
4037:Canady
4007:Cramer
3982:Nugent
3977:Castor
3957:Nelson
3942:Pepper
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3842:Nelson
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3762:Cramer
3682:MacKay
3637:Lawson
3627:Nugent
3602:Gunter
3592:Gurney
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3512:Cannon
3507:Wilcox
3457:Pepper
3392:Graham
3337:Cooper
3322:Bisbee
3317:Finley
3312:Bisbee
3302:Finley
3297:Bisbee
3292:Finley
3242:Cramer
3202:Purman
3139:Purman
3109:Cabell
3099:Cabell
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2858:Hawley
2853:Butler
2848:Teller
2843:Blaine
2833:Wright
2806:Chávez
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2706:Ramsey
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2641:Lanman
2636:Stokes
2631:Wilson
2567:Inhofe
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2542:Warner
2532:Warner
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2364:Bayard
2359:Mangum
2339:Dallas
2287:Thomas
2247:Warren
2237:Hawley
2227:Hawley
2222:Sewell
2197:Wilson
2182:Weller
2167:Benton
2157:Benton
2142:Benton
2043:Graham
2028:Gurney
2018:Pepper
2003:Milton
1978:Osborn
1968:Morton
1933:Nelson
1923:Chiles
1908:Loftin
1787:Vacant
1550:8 June
1423:
1220:May 2,
1087:
1014:
968:
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434:lumber
344:Jewish
300:(born
273:Spouse
258:, U.S.
243:, U.S.
4587:Adams
4507:Klein
4392:Radel
4252:Foley
4247:Lewis
4242:Smith
4212:Spano
4202:Posey
4112:Crist
4107:Jolly
4102:Young
4032:Lewis
4022:Stack
4017:Burke
3917:Frost
3902:Young
3887:Burke
3827:Fuqua
3807:Posey
3782:Young
3772:Haley
3767:Young
3737:Mills
3717:Haley
3697:Waltz
3677:Young
3632:Brown
3607:Kelly
3542:James
3497:Sears
3467:Brown
3452:Sikes
3432:Kehoe
3417:Lamar
3372:Grant
3367:Fuqua
3357:Price
3352:Green
3347:Clark
3287:Walls
3267:Gaetz
3252:Hutto
3247:Sikes
3222:Drane
3159:Green
3154:Sears
3143:Walls
3129:Walls
3071:White
2999:McGee
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2888:Baker
2863:Chace
2796:Oddie
2786:Moses
2756:Mason
2746:Vilas
2726:Ferry
2721:Maxey
2716:Ferry
2701:Dixon
2686:Yulee
2676:Niles
2557:Levin
2547:Levin
2537:Levin
2512:Tower
2464:Walsh
2374:Yulee
2349:Rives
2334:Hayne
2329:Lloyd
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2202:Logan
2187:Davis
2172:Davis
2122:Troup
2058:Rubio
2033:Stone
1973:Yulee
1938:Scott
1888:Pasco
1883:Jones
1873:Welch
1863:Yulee
1694:from
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3141:and
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3066:Call
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2873:Call
2731:Hill
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2681:Rusk
2651:Bibb
2572:Reed
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2449:Page
2379:Gwin
2314:Tait
2272:Reed
2162:Cass
2013:Hill
1988:Call
1928:Mack
1594:2017
1552:2015
1421:ISBN
1366:2014
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1085:ISBN
1050:2017
1012:ISBN
966:ISBN
938:ISBN
855:The
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790:and
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