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with the Sierra Club board. Facing staff cuts in 1984, Brower appealed over the board directly to the membership for emergency contributions. He was removed from the board for insubordination, but was reinstated when he threatened a lawsuit. In 1985 the board voted to close the San
Francisco office and move to Washington, D.C.. A referendum of the membership supported the board majority, and Brower resigned in 1986 to work through his
868:, in 1986, Brower developed Earth Island as a loosely structured incubator for innovative projects in ecology and social justice. Although he chaired the board of directors, Brower stayed in the background as co-directors David Philips and John Knox ran the organization. Projects were required to bring in their own funding, and often went their own way once well-established. Groups formed under Earth Island's umbrella include the
872:, the Environmental Project on Central America (EPOCA), and many others. Freed from administrative worries and budget controversies, Brower was able to continue to travel, speak and work on many of his long-standing concerns. In addition to his returning to the Sierra Club board for two separate terms, he also served on the Board of Directors for
746:– one of many issues that led to his resignation in protest from the board of directors in 2000. "Overpopulation is perhaps the biggest problem facing us," he said, "and immigration is part of that problem. It has to be addressed." His favorite example of how immigration should be addressed was the work of his cousin
725:
Sierra Club board elections in the late 1960s produced sharply defined pro- and anti-Brower factions. In 1968, Brower's supporters won a majority, but in 1969, anti-Brower candidates won all five open positions. Brower was charged with financial recklessness and insubordination by two of his former
628:
in 1962. These coffee-table books sold well and introduced the Sierra Club to new members interested in wilderness preservation. Brower published two new titles a year in the series, but they began to lose money for the organization after 1964, though many claim they were the primary cause of the
847:
Brower retired as executive director of FOE on its tenth anniversary in 1979, but continued as chairman of its board of directors. FOE's growing debt and tension between
Washington lobbying and grassroots action led to a crisis between Brower and a majority of the board that recalled his conflict
410:. On May 18, 1934, along with Voge, he began a ten-week climbing trip through the High Sierra, to survey climbing routes and maintain mountaineering records for the club. Previously, they had established several food caches along their planned route, which began at Onion Valley and ended at
637:
Under Brower's leadership from 1952 to 1969, the club's membership expanded tenfold, from 7,000 to 70,000 members, becoming the nation’s leading environmental membership organization. Building on the biennial
Wilderness Conferences which the Club launched in 1949 together with
38:
495:
Twelve previous attempts on
Shiprock had failed, and it was known as "the last great American climbing problem". The Brower party's success was described as an "outstanding effort" by "probably the only group on the continent capable of making the climb".
722:. In 1967, a membership referendum upheld the board's policy. Brower had come to believe that nuclear power was a dangerous mistake at any location, and he publicly voiced his opposition to Diablo Canyon, in defiance of the Club's official policy.
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in 1971. Brower's international contacts led to the founding of FOE International in 1971, a loose federation of sister organizations in some forty-four countries. Brower also started a publications program at FOE, which had initial success with
718:, not out of opposition to nuclear power itself. The Club's board of directors had voted to support the Diablo Canyon site for the power plant in exchange for PG&E's moving its initial site from the environmentally sensitive
822:
Although Brower's background was in the wilderness preservation wing of the conservation movement, he quickly led FOE to take on many of the issues raised by the new environmentalists. FOE campaigned against the
340:, and served on its board three times: from 1941–1953; 1983–1988; and 1995–2000 as a petition candidate enlisted by reform-activists known as the John Muir Sierrans. As a younger man, he was a prominent
880:, Brower flew to Denver in June 2000 for the Green Party convention. The day before he died, Brower cast his absentee ballot for Nader. He died at his home in Berkeley, California, on November 5, 2000.
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Eventually reconciled with the Sierra Club, Brower was elected to the board of directors for a term from 1983 to 1988, and again from 1995 to 2000. Brower was deeply concerned about issues of
750:, a botanist who immigrated to Oaxaca to build a more sustainable agricultural economy in the area that so many of the workers on his family's California farm had been forced to leave.
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as an alternative for tax-deductible contributions, but revenues to the Club dropped, despite victories in blocking the Grand Canyon dams and a considerable increase in membership.
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438:. Clyde called the Devils Crag climbs "one of the most remarkable mountaineering feats ever accomplished in the United States". In the Palisades range, the pair climbed
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FOE set up its headquarters in San
Francisco, and opened an office in Washington, D.C. Brower soon spun off two new organizations from the FOE Washington staff: the
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Club's extraordinary growth and rise to national prominence. Financial management began to be a bone of contention between Brower and the Club's board of directors.
762:(FOE) in 1969, soon after resigning as executive director of the Sierra Club. The move came during a burst of public environmental concern generated by the first
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Beginning his career as a world-class mountaineer with more than 70 first ascents to his credit, Brower came to the environmental movement through his interest in
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As annual deficits increased, tension grew between Brower and the Sierra Club board of directors. Another conflict grew over the Club's position on the
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Oliver, Bill, "A Tribute to the
Honorary Members of the Sierra Peaks Section: Norman Clyde, Glen Dawson and Jules Eichorn - Part III",
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in the wilderness, who gave him some valuable climbing lessons. On that trip he also met Hervey Voge, who persuaded him to join the
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by way of
Starlight Peak, and descended the U-Notch Couloir. In the Sawtooth Range, they climbed The Doodad, the West Tooth, and
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461:, with a Sierra Club group, Brower added winter climbing to his expertise and made multiple first winter ascents of peaks in the
1424:
Produced in 1989 by John de Graaf in cooperation with KCTS-Seattle. Distributed by
Bullfrog Films, Oley, PA 19547. 58 minutes.
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from 1947 to 1954. Brower was named the first executive director of the Sierra Club in 1952, and joined the fight against the
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600:– into press with publisher Alfred Knopf. Conservationists successfully lobbied Congress to delete Echo Park Dam from the
332:(1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the Earth Conferences. From 1952 to 1969, he served as the first
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1463:“David Brower: Speaks about "What Will it Cost the Earth" at Kelly Hall, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio (Part A)”
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in
Berkeley. Anne was the daughter of Francis L M. Hus and Frances Hus (1876–1952), while Frances was the daughter of
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in the
Vietnam War. After Ronald Reagan was elected President in 1980, FOE led the opposition to Interior secretary
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893:. The monument is meant to serve as a reminder to future generations about the precious nature of the planet.
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710:, California. The Club had played a major role in blocking PG&E's plan for a nuclear power plant at
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782:, which recounted Brower's confrontations with a geologist and mining engineer, a resort developer, and
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and board president Richard Leonard. Brower's resignation was accepted by a board vote of ten to five.
839:'s efforts to sell and lease public lands in the West and develop land adjacent to the National Parks.
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After the war, Brower returned to his job at the University of California Press, and began editing the
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which galvanized public opposition to the dams. In June 1966, the Club placed full-page ads in the
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with George Rockwood. After a close call with a loose rock while climbing in the Palisades, he met
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1191:"Still 'electing the best, defeating the worst' – but with far greater resources than before"
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in the early 1960s, but that campaign had centered on the earthquake danger from the nearby
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in April 1970. FOE also benefited from the publicity generated by a series of articles in
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so tourists can get nearer the ceiling?" The campaign brought in many new members. The
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III, 5.7 A2, was the first in the United States to use expansion bolts for protection.
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929:"Sierra Club Legend Dies / Environmentalist was uncompromising steward of the planet"
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484:, the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano with nearly vertical walls on the
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From October 9 to 12, 1939, a Sierra Club climbing team including Brower, along with
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531:. Techniques described in this book were used by U.S. forces in the battles in the
1378:(1978). "13: David Brower and Charisma: The Rebirth of the Conservation Movement".
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790:. Brower so enjoyed being called the Archdruid that he later used the term in his
554:. Brower's role in the 10th Mountain Division is featured in the documentary film
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and the Lake Garda Alps. The book was published in three later revised editions.
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1457:“Brower, David Ross (1912 – 2000) American Environmentalist and Conservationist”
560:. He served as a major in the Army Reserve for many years after the war ended.
1255:"Sculptor rebuilds Ga. university's $ 1M sculpture of Earth following collapse"
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Following a failed attempt in 1935 to make the first ascent of the remote, icy
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1237:"David Brower, an Aggressive Champion of U.S. Environmentalism, Is Dead at 88"
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in 1964. Brower and the Sierra Club also led a major battle to stop the
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1386:(Introduction). Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing. pp. 150–159.
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584:. Taking advantage of his background in publishing, Brower rushed
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374:, David Brower's son, has authored a number of books, most notably
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and the founder of many environmental organizations, including the
1469:(GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC.
1430:. Directed by Kelly Duane for Loteria Films, 2004. DVD, 78 min.
967:
Norman Clyde: Legendary Mountaineer of California's Sierra Nevada
430:. From June 23 to 26, the pair made eight first ascents in the
414:. In all, the pair climbed 63 peaks on this trip, including 32
37:
1218:"David Brower, 1912-2000: Nature advocate defended wilderness"
300:
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480:, Raffi Bedayn, and John Dyer, completed the first ascent of
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1334:
John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement
1115:
John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement
1103:(Six). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society: 844–868.
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airplane (SST), nuclear power, and the use of the defoliant
654:. In 1964, Brower organized a dory river expedition led by
472:
Shiprock, first climbed by David Brower and friends in 1939
360:(1913–2001) whom he met when they were both editors at the
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charitable organization status. The board had set up the
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in 1955, and the Sierra Club received much of the credit.
1402:
The Man Who Built the Sierra Club: A Life of David Brower
527:
for use in training Allied mountain combat troops during
1084:(Six). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society: 844.
814:
in the wake of Earth Day, but then began to lose money.
650:
from building two dams that would flood portions of the
1369:
David Brower: The Making of the Environmental Movement
538:
During World War II, he served as a lieutenant in the
1422:
For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower.
1207:(San Francisco: Earth Island Institute, 1986), 47 pp.
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and author Francois Leydet. The trip led to the book
546:
in Vermont and the state of Washington and earning a
309:
1281:
For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower
1261:. Associated Press. October 23, 2007. Archived from
291:
288:
316:; July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was a prominent
285:
1575:Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni
1311:(New York Vail-Ballou Press, Gillick Press, 1961).
1095:Brower, David R. (June 1954). "Sierra High Trip".
1076:Brower, David R. (June 1954). "Sierra High Trip".
876:from 1988 until his death in 2000. A supporter of
682:announced it was suspending the Club's non-profit
632:
499:Brower made the first ascent of seventy routes in
1428:Monumental: David Brower's Fight for Wild America
1371:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).
817:
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693:
1501:
488:in northwestern New Mexico. This climb, rated
1404:(New York: Columbia University Press, 2016).
1355:(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971).
1158:"Immigration's Dire Effect On The Environment"
927:Barnum, Alex; Martin, Glen (7 November 2000).
753:
542:, training its soldiers in mountaineering and
515:In 1942, Brower edited and contributed to the
389:
1205:Friends of the Earth: The First Sixteen Years
864:in 1982. After FOE moved its headquarters to
322:John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies
1570:United States Army personnel of World War II
1473:Online guide to the David Ross Brower Papers
1307:Brower, David, & the Sierra Club, eds.,
926:
642:, Brower helped the Club win passage of the
622:In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World
572:in 1946. He managed the Sierra Club annual
147:, Robert Brower, Barbara Brower, John Brower
1380:Pioneer Conservationists of Western America
1182:
969:, pp. 54–57 (Heyday Books, Berkeley, 2008)
956:, Volume 51, Number 3, July–September 2007.
620:in 1960, followed by the highly successful
398:. In 1933, Brower spent seven weeks in the
297:
1295:Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run
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908:Environmental history of the United States
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434:along with Norman Clyde, and also climbed
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63:
54:
36:
1595:Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area
1316:The History of the Sierra Club, 1892–1970
1128:The History of the Sierra Club, 1892–1970
1459:by Lawrence Biskowski, Encyclopedia.com.
1151:
1149:
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1600:Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
1479:, University of California at Berkeley.
1467:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
1189:Yachnin, Jennifer (December 11, 2013).
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979:
856:Later years with Earth Island Institute
1502:
1283:(Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith, 1990).
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1075:
1540:American non-fiction outdoors writers
1520:American anti–nuclear power activists
1309:Wilderness: America's Living Heritage
1155:
1146:
1017:Fifty Classic Climbs of North America
842:
607:
16:American environmentalist (1912–2000)
1374:
1235:Severo, Richard (November 7, 2000).
1156:Burke, B. Meredith (June 15, 2000).
1020:. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.
1066:(Sierra Club, San Francisco, 1969).
13:
1610:Military personnel from California
1605:20th-century American male writers
1415:
1297:(New York: HarperCollins, 1995).
1293:Brower, David with Steve Chapple,
674:asking: "Should we also flood the
616:' Exhibit Format book series with
418:. On the first day, they climbed
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1580:Writers from Berkeley, California
1545:American male non-fiction writers
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1550:20th-century American memoirists
1494:“David Ross Brower, 1912 – 2000”
1336:(Boston: Little, Brown, 1981).
1097:The National Geographic Magazine
1078:The National Geographic Magazine
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227:U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division
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19:For the Florida politician, see
1510:Sierra Club executive directors
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633:Membership rises, revenues drop
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1530:American male ski mountaineers
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889:, was erected in his honor at
818:Widens environmental campaigns
734:Rejoins and resigns from board
694:Board conflict and resignation
602:Colorado River Storage Project
521:University of California Press
362:University of California Press
1:
1352:Encounters with the Archdruid
913:
799:League of Conservation Voters
779:Encounters with the Archdruid
503:and elsewhere in the western
347:
1496:Biography from ecotopia.org.
1064:Manual of Ski Mountaineering
726:close friends, photographer
702:planned for construction by
624:, with color photographs by
517:Manual of Ski Mountaineering
7:
1565:United States Army officers
896:
807:Environmental Policy Center
754:Founds Friends of the Earth
390:Mountaineering achievements
10:
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1525:American mountain climbers
1178:– via Common Dreams.
1141:History of the Sierra Club
812:The Environmental Handbook
664:Time and The River Flowing
618:This is the American Earth
582:Dinosaur National Monument
525:Cambridge University Press
376:The Starship and the Canoe
18:
1515:American conservationists
1043:Climbing in North America
891:Kennesaw State University
870:Rainforest Action Network
700:Diablo Canyon Power Plant
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1062:Brower, David – editor,
704:Pacific Gas and Electric
680:Internal Revenue Service
1535:American nature writers
1117:, pp. 272–290, 316–322.
994:American Alpine Journal
991:, "David Ross Brower",
564:Career with Sierra Club
52:David Ross Brower
1560:American print editors
1483:Obituary: David Brower
1445:Earth Island Institute
862:Earth Island Institute
850:Earth Island Institute
786:, the director of the
688:Sierra Club Foundation
640:The Wilderness Society
540:10th Mountain Division
473:
330:Earth Island Institute
127:Earth Island Institute
119:Sierra Club Foundation
1555:American book editors
1485:by Christopher Reed,
874:Native Forest Council
788:Bureau of Reclamation
776:, later published as
648:Bureau of Reclamation
471:
356:. He was married to
212:(Army National Guard)
83:5 November 2000
1477:The Bancroft Library
1465:, 1970-04-19, WYSO,
1450:Wilderness Connect:
860:Brower incorporated
829:supersonic transport
801:in 1970, founded by
760:Friends of the Earth
592:with photographs by
570:Sierra Club Bulletin
557:Fire on the Mountain
544:cross-country skiing
354:Berkeley, California
326:Friends of the Earth
123:Friends of the Earth
94:Berkeley, California
72:Berkeley, California
1441:David Brower Legacy
1314:Cohen, Michael P.,
1265:on August 23, 2007.
1224:. November 7, 2000.
1170:on February 4, 2012
965:Pavlik, Robert C.,
903:David Brower Center
519:, published by the
352:Brower was born in
1489:, 7 November 2000.
1241:The New York Times
1126:Michael P. Cohen,
843:Resigns from board
608:Coffee table books
486:Navajo reservation
474:
334:Executive Director
191:United States Army
117:Presidency of the
1320:Sierra Club Books
1163:The Seattle Times
975:978-1-59714-110-9
716:San Andreas Fault
614:Sierra Club Books
277:David Ross Brower
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255:Bronze Star Medal
232:U.S. Army Reserve
61:1 July 1912
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866:Washington, D.C.
706:(PG&E) near
586:This is Dinosaur
459:British Columbia
455:Mount Waddington
440:Thunderbolt Peak
424:Mount Williamson
412:Tuolumne Meadows
318:environmentalist
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886:Spaceship Earth
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825:Alaska pipeline
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708:San Luis Obispo
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672:Washington Post
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590:Wallace Stegner
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533:North Apeninnes
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478:Bestor Robinson
448:Matterhorn Peak
442:, traversed to
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358:Anne Hus Brower
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265:Conservationist
261:Other work
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156:Military career
136:Anne Hus Brower
104:Conservationist
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1452:“David Brower”
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1435:External links
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1410:978-0231164467
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676:Sistine Chapel
668:New York Times
644:Wilderness Act
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444:North Palisade
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1263:the original
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1222:Toledo Blade
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1203:Tom Turner,
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1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
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1008:Roper, Steve
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932:
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883:A monument,
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833:Agent Orange
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784:Floyd Dominy
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720:Nipomo Dunes
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626:Eliot Porter
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384:George Dyson
382:and his son
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245:World War II
241:Battles/wars
30:David Brower
1590:2000 deaths
1585:1912 births
1376:Wild, Peter
989:Steve Roper
878:Ralph Nader
803:Marion Edey
774:John McPhee
744:immigration
728:Ansel Adams
660:Philip Hyde
598:Philip Hyde
548:Bronze Star
408:Sierra Club
400:High Sierra
342:mountaineer
338:Sierra Club
206:(U.S. Army)
121:, Founding
108:mountaineer
1504:Categories
1393:0878421076
914:References
805:, and the
712:Bodega Bay
580:in Utah's
574:High Trips
348:Early life
204:Lieutenant
161:Allegiance
100:Occupation
1322:, 1988).
1174:March 31,
764:Earth Day
684:501(c)(3)
133:Spouse(s)
91:(aged 88)
1447:website.
1014:(1979).
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670:and the
501:Yosemite
482:Shiprock
328:(1969),
324:(1997),
177:Service/
141:Children
1139:Cohen,
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251:Awards
188:
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170:
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658:with
552:Italy
210:Major
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1285:ISBN
1176:2012
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