247:
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310:
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182:
Dapenkeng pottery is thick and gritty, and light to dark brown in colour. The main types are large globular jars and bowls. The outsides of the jars are covered with impressed cord marks, except for the flared rims, which are decorated with incised linear designs. Dapenkeng sites have also yielded a
427:
Roger Blench (2014) suggests that the single migration model for the spread of the
Neolithic into Taiwan is problematic, pointing out the genetic and linguistic inconsistencies between different Taiwanese Austronesian groups. Blench considers the Austronesians in Taiwan to have been a
214:
Reaping knives made from oyster shells and some tools and ornaments made from bones and antlers have also been found. The inhabitants engaged in horticulture and hunting, but were also heavily reliant on marine shells and fish. Later in the period they cultivated
464:
that gave rise to present-day
Austronesian languages. Instead, multiple migrations of various pre-Austronesian peoples and languages from the Chinese mainland that were related but distinct came together to form what we now know as Austronesian in Taiwan.
366:
overlaps with the earliest
Dapenkeng sites, archeologists have found no evidence of evolutionary development, and assume that the Dapenkeng culture must have arrived from elsewhere. The most likely candidate is the coast of what is now
226:
Around 2500 BC, the
Dapenkeng culture developed into locally differentiated cultures throughout Taiwan. Because of the continuity with later cultures, most scholars believe that the Dapenkeng people were the ancestors of today's
383:
was partially destroyed by later activity, but has been excavated by Fujian archaeologists. It features worked pebbles, polished adzes and points similar to those of
Dapenkeng sites. The decoration of the pottery is more
375:, which is 130 km wide at its narrowest point. However, archaeological data from that area is quite limited. Three principal sites from the early Neolithic have been excavated:
806:——— (1995), "Taiwan Strait archaeology and Proto-Austronesian", in Li, Paul Jen-kuei; Tsang, Cheng-hwa; Huang, Ying-kuei; Ho, Dah-an; Tseng, Chin-yu (eds.),
748:
401:
argued that
Fuguodun and Dapenkeng were regional variants of the same culture. Other scholars consider them distinct cultures, pointing to differences in pottery styles.
820:
391:
was found by a geologist, and excavated in an ad hoc manner. Some of the pottery is decorated with cord-marking, but stamping with shells is more common.
449:
363:
73:
773:
938:
954:
959:
745:
424:
agrees that the
Austronesian cultural package came from this area, but confirming archaeological evidence has not yet been found.
404:
These coastal mainland cultures seem to have appeared abruptly without local precursors, and their origins are unclear. Chang and
171:, both in the southwest of the island. Dapenkeng sites have since been found in coastal areas all around the island, and on the
460:. Thus, Blench believes that there is in fact no "apical" ancestor of Austronesian in the sense that there was no true single
922:
903:
246:
337:
448:(with Longshan-type cultures found in southern Taiwan), the fishing-based Dapenkeng culture of coastal Fujian, and the
135:. No ancestral culture on the mainland has been identified, but a number of shared features suggest ongoing contacts.
843:
862:
151:
in northwest Taiwan, was discovered in 1958. Other major sites excavated before 1980 are the lowest layer of the
881:
Hung, Hsiao-chun; Carson, Mike T. (2014), "Foragers, fishers and farmers: origins of the
Taiwanese Neolithic",
94:
152:
913:
Li, Kuang-ti (2013), "First farmers and their adaptation in coastal Taiwan", in
Underhill, Anne P. (ed.),
788:
461:
456:. Based on geography and cultural vocabulary, Blench believes that the Yuanshan people may have spoken
17:
457:
896:
The
Neolithic of southeast China: cultural transformation and regional interaction on the coast
232:
132:
394:
The Jinguishan site on Kinmen features similar pottery to Fuguodun, but without cord-marking.
228:
128:
119:
between 4000 and 3000 BC and quickly spread around the coast of the island, as well as the
8:
116:
40:
821:"Archaeology of Southeastern coastal China and its bearing on the Austronesian homeland"
436:
that had been migrating to Taiwan by 4000 BP. These immigrants included people from the
835:
918:
899:
413:
452:
of northernmost Taiwan, which Blench suggests may have originated from the coast of
769:
441:
351:
164:
156:
816:
752:
405:
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were highly polished, with a rectangular cross section. Shouldered adzes made of
148:
420:
area, though they are unsure whether this was the result of migration or trade.
437:
421:
409:
216:
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appear later in the period, and are believed to come from a workshop on Penghu.
172:
120:
948:
433:
380:
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144:
124:
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Pecked pebbles, up to 20 cm across, were probably used as net sinkers.
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347:
190:
839:
398:
355:
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to the west. Most scholars believe this culture was brought across the
453:
160:
112:
55:
445:
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Suppose we are wrong about the Austronesian settlement of Taiwan?
417:
388:
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200:
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102:
44:
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220:
196:
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653:
597:
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were found, each with a hole drilled through the centre.
513:
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argue that these cultures reflect the influence of the
787:, translated by W. Tsao: 541โ550, 569, archived from
725:
689:
665:
641:
631:
629:
627:
614:
612:
537:
525:
870:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
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489:
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Archaeological sites on Taiwan and the Fujian coast
828:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
701:
624:
585:
609:
432:of immigrants from various parts of the coast of
946:
573:
561:
486:
474:
238:
814:
719:
683:
810:, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 161โ184.
362:was a land bridge. Although the Paleolithic
206:Many thin, flat, triangular points of green
917:, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 612โ633,
880:
737:
555:
350:people, who reached the island during the
863:"A sourcing study of Taiwan stone adzes"
808:Austronesian Studies Relating to Taiwan
14:
947:
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915:A Companion to Chinese Archaeology
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115:culture that appeared in northern
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955:Archaeological cultures in Taiwan
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960:4th-millennium BC establishments
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183:number of types of stone tools:
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13:
1:
939:Dapenkeng Archaeological Site
774:"The Neolithic Taiwan Strait"
720:Chang & Goodenough (1996)
684:Chang & Goodenough (1996)
468:
239:Proposed mainland antecedents
153:Fengbitou Archaeological Site
941:, New Taipei City government
458:Northeast Formosan languages
346:Taiwan was first settled by
127:by the ancestors of today's
7:
462:Proto-Austronesian language
27:Neolithic culture in Taiwan
10:
976:
861:Hung, Hsiao-chun (2004),
772:(1989), B. Gordon (ed.),
371:on the other side of the
79:
69:
61:
50:
35:
556:Hung & Carson (2014)
193:were found at two sites.
894:Jiao, Tianlong (2007),
751:9 December 2018 at the
233:Austronesian languages
133:Austronesian languages
743:Blench, Roger. 2014.
387:The Fuguodun site on
379:The Keqiutou site on
338:class=notpageimage|
229:Taiwanese aborigines
129:Taiwanese aborigines
65:c. 3500 โ c. 2500 BC
817:Goodenough, Ward H.
815:Chang, Kwang-Chih;
662:, pp. 169โ170.
606:, pp. 164โ165.
534:, pp. 617โ618.
522:, pp. 166โ167.
358:were lower and the
32:
414:Majiabang cultures
36:Geographical range
30:
924:978-1-4443-3529-3
905:978-1-934043-16-5
898:, Cambria Press,
889:(342): 1115โ1131.
770:Chang, Kwang-Chih
734:, pp. 57โ58.
698:, pp. 56โ57.
674:, pp. 54โ56.
650:, pp. 45โ54.
558:, pp. 13โ14.
546:, pp. 91โ94.
354:glaciation, when
143:The type site in
131:, speaking early
91:Dapenkeng culture
87:
86:
31:Dapenkeng culture
16:(Redirected from
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450:Yuanshan culture
442:Longshan culture
364:Changbin culture
352:Late Pleistocene
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165:Gueiren District
163:and Bajiacun in
157:Linyuan District
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108:Dร bรจnkฤng wรฉnhuร
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74:Changbin culture
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438:foxtail millet
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849:on 2015-12-22
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440:-cultivating
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416:of the lower
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381:Haitan Island
378:
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373:Taiwan Strait
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360:Taiwan Strait
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873:
869:
851:, retrieved
844:the original
834:(5): 36โ56,
831:
827:
807:
796:, retrieved
789:the original
784:
780:
762:
761:
744:
739:
727:
715:
703:
691:
679:
667:
660:Chang (1995)
655:
643:
619:Chang (1989)
604:Chang (1995)
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
520:Chang (1995)
515:
508:Chang (1995)
503:
476:
426:
403:
397:
345:
231:, and spoke
225:
213:
191:Bark beaters
181:
142:
106:
90:
88:
763:Works cited
732:Jiao (2007)
708:Jiao (2007)
696:Jiao (2007)
672:Jiao (2007)
648:Jiao (2007)
636:Jiao (2007)
592:Hung (2004)
544:Jiao (2007)
430:melting pot
348:Paleolithic
80:Followed by
70:Preceded by
949:Categories
853:2015-12-15
798:2015-12-15
469:References
434:East China
399:K.C. Chang
356:sea levels
330:Jinguishan
883:Antiquity
580:Li (2013)
568:Li (2013)
532:Li (2013)
496:Li (2013)
481:Li (2013)
454:Guangdong
274:Fengbitou
260:Dapenkeng
161:Kaohsiung
113:Neolithic
56:Neolithic
18:Dapenkeng
876:: 57โ70.
819:(1996),
749:Archived
446:Shandong
316:Fuguodun
302:Keqiutou
288:Bajiacun
39:coastal
840:1006620
418:Yangtze
384:varied.
175:in the
95:Chinese
921:
902:
838:
410:Hemudu
389:Kinmen
369:Fujian
201:basalt
169:Tainan
117:Taiwan
105::
103:pinyin
97::
54:early
51:Period
45:Penghu
41:Taiwan
866:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
836:JSTOR
824:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
781:Kaogu
777:(PDF)
208:slate
197:Adzes
99:ๅคงๅๅๆๅ
62:Dates
919:ISBN
900:ISBN
756:m.s.
412:and
221:rice
219:and
89:The
43:and
444:of
155:in
951::
887:88
885:,
872:,
868:,
832:86
826:,
783:,
779:,
626:^
611:^
488:^
235:.
223:.
179:.
167:,
159:,
147:,
101:;
927:.
908:.
874:2
856:.
801:.
785:6
621:.
93:(
20:)
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