276:, Anstey, and some newspaper editors jealous of his success and resentful of his protective attitude towards the Chinese. He went on accusing May of running an illegal brothel, managed by a mistress of his, to which Anstey was a frequent visitor. Caldwell wrote that "of all places in the world perhaps there is not one where scandal and detraction are more rife, so readily invented, so industriously circulated and, I regret to add, so eagerly sought after, as at Hong Kong." The inquiry found decisively against Caldwell on the charge of perverting the course of justice and found grounds for suspicion on other charges, including having used the Royal Navy to carry out the "nefarious designs" and strengthen the influence of a "notorious pirate". It declared Caldwell unfit for public service.
193:(later Secretary for Chinese Affairs), which dealt with the issues related to the local Chinese community in 1856. He was given extensive powers over the lives and businesses of local Chinese under the emergency legislation in 1857 and 1858. His duties was also extended to the registration and licensing of brothels under the new Venereal Diseases Ordinance. His power and influence boosted by his extensive connections in the Chinese society and his guidance to the Royal Navy on the anti-pirate expeditions and his guidance to the government to track down wanted criminals and communicate with the Chinese community. he uncovered an assassination plot of himself and
246:
like
Caldwell, destroyed Wong Ma-chow's account books, the crucial evidence which allegedly contained entries firmly implicating Caldwell in Wong's piratical activities, in the name of saving office space. To play down the allegations, Bowring set up a Commission of Inquiry which consisted of friends
231:
weighed in, by calling
Caldwell a "brothel keeper and pirate" and referring to his wife, a Chinese woman named Mary Ayow, as "that harlot". Even Caldwell's own racial identity was questioned, who had only a few years earlier been described as having "blue eyes and truly English countenance", was now
216:
accused
Caldwell of having criminal connections with notorious gangster and claimed he had been framed by Wong Ma-chow, who was a key informer and associate of Caldwell. Wong was arrested on 16 July 1857, followed by the defence from Caldwell who demanded an acquittal. On 10 May 1858, the
118:, where he was employed in a lucrative opium trading company. "He has a reputation as a womaniser and was said to have learned Chinese through his liaisons with various women," according to historian Christopher Munn. Due to his sound linguistic skills, in which he was fluent in several
146:
In 1842 he settled in Hong Kong and became essential to the colonial administration in dealing with the local
Chinese in the earliest years of Hong Kong as a British colony. He first worked as court interpreter, and then appointed assistant superintendent of the
288:
employed him as advisor to the licensed gaming-house keepers and an unofficial head of the secret police which were considered more effective at detecting crime and catching criminals than the Police Force itself.
271:
in 1859, another
Commission of Inquiry was set up over the Caldwell Affair, chaired by the new governor himself. Caldwell claimed that the allegations against him were a conspiracy based on the grudges of
232:
described as a "man of mixed blood" and a "Singapore half-caste". The scandal was described by
Governor Bowring as "seldom been paralleled by any assemblage of Englishmen met in official conclave."
155:. He was again employed by the government soon afterwards. Caldwell was effective in clamping down on crime and piracy by using his network of informers, being head of detectives and guide to the
254:
was a close friend of
Caldwell's. The commission's counsel, John Day, had defended Wong Ma-chow. Anstey was later suspended and sent back to Britain, and the government sued the journalist
267:
Caldwell went on to take the vital role in the clamping down pirates by directing Royal Navy warships in anti-piracy operations. After
Bowring was replaced as governor by
151:
in 1846. He resigned from the government for the first time when he declared bankruptcy in 1847 and escaped creditors by fleeing to the neighbouring
Portuguese colony of
212:, which caused the fear and suspicion between the local Chinese and European residents. In the same year, Caldwell was involved in a scandal as an American pirate
284:
After being dismissed by the government, he made a good living as a
Chinese agent, an intermediary and advocate for Chinese businesses. Subsequently, Governor
304:
in March 1851. The couple had 12 children and over 20 adopted children of Chinese descent. He died in Hong Kong on 2 October 1875 and buried at the
110:
to Daniel Caldwell and Mary Caldwell on 13 September 1816. When he was a child, he followed his father, a soldier in a local militia corps first to
182:
broke out, calling Caldwell "the only government functionary through whom we have ever had satisfactory intercourse with the native population",
264:
detailing the corruption of the "reign of terror" in the Hong Kong government, which brought the scandals to the British press and parliament.
515:
362:
Heaver, Stuart (22 February 2014). "Flagrant harbour: the sordid affair that cemented Hong Kong's reputation for vice and corruption".
159:
in its expeditions against pirates. He was involved in the Battle of Huhlan Bay which took place on 4 August 1855, in which HMS
545:
197:
268:
301:
247:
of Caldwell's. Its chairman, the Surveyor General Charles Cleverly, was also a Freemason. One of the four members was
530:
520:
323:
to the London Missionary Society at HK$ 35,000 which was half of its worth at the time. On this site was later built
248:
194:
315:
After Caldwell's death, Chan Ayow inherited his properties. She sold the property located at the intersection of
236:
218:
540:
258:, who had revealed Bridges' protection of Caldwell, for libel. Anstey went on to wrote a 30,000-word letter to
174:
Soon after the battle, Caldwell resigned from the government due to low pay and purchased a merchant steamer,
535:
525:
328:
225:
472:
293:
273:
479:
190:
103:
91:
432:
297:
285:
364:
178:, which ran coastal trade and set up convoys escorting junks along the South China coast. When the
324:
309:
251:
239:
228:
114:
and then to Singapore. In 1834, he commanded his own trading ships before becoming a clerk in
402:
209:
183:
90:(19 September 1816 – 2 October 1875) was a colonial government official in Hong Kong. He was
510:
505:
8:
167:
131:
127:
305:
161:
94:
from 1856 to 1862 and was involved in the notorious Caldwell Affair in the late 1850s.
179:
148:
119:
320:
255:
221:
135:
434:
A Preliminary Study: Prominent Figures in the Hong Kong Cemetery at Happy Valley
316:
123:
499:
292:
Caldwell was a Freemason. He married Mary Chan Ayow in about 1845 through a
210:
attempted to poison the European community through its morning bread supply
186:
107:
44:
332:
312:
where a huge and ornate tombstone was erected by his fellow Freemasons.
156:
260:
243:
213:
115:
62:
399:
New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842–1953
418:
Chinese Christians: Elites, Middlemen, and the Church in Hong Kong
300:
congregation. A Christian marriage service was performed at the
111:
134:, Caldwell served as an interpreter to the British during the
440:. Hong Kong Institute of Contemporary Culture. Archived from
171:
destroyed ten pirate junks and killed more than 800 pirates.
152:
441:
296:
ceremony. She was converted and became a member of the
224:made an allegation of Caldwell owning a brothel.
497:
384:Sui Geng: The Hong Kong Marine Police 1841–1950
279:
396:
397:Bickers, Robert; Henriot, Christian (2000).
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
480:Registrar General and Protector of Chinese
420:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 199.
191:Registrar General and Protector of Chinese
92:Registrar General and Protector of Chinese
16:British colonial administrator (1816–1875)
386:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 15.
344:
335:studied and worshiped in his early days.
377:
375:
498:
361:
141:
415:
430:
381:
372:
208:In early 1857, some Chinese agents
13:
203:
14:
557:
516:Government officials of Hong Kong
431:Ting, Joseph S. P. (March 2008).
88:Daniel Richard Francis Caldwell
25:Daniel Richard Francis Caldwell
424:
409:
390:
1:
546:19th-century Hong Kong people
338:
331:and To Tsai Church where Dr.
329:Hong Kong College of Medicine
97:
294:traditional Chinese marriage
280:Later life, family and death
7:
10:
562:
104:British East India Company
486:
477:
469:
464:
298:London Missionary Society
286:Richard Graves MacDonnell
77:
69:
51:
30:
23:
531:Hong Kong civil servants
521:Hong Kong businesspeople
365:South China Morning Post
416:Smith, Carl T. (2005).
325:Alice Memorial Hospital
310:Happy Valley, Hong Kong
249:Legislative Councillor
229:Thomas Chisholm Anstey
541:Saint Helenian people
405:Press. pp. 18–9.
403:Manchester University
189:employed Caldwell as
536:Hong Kong Freemasons
526:Hong Kong Christians
302:St. John's Cathedral
465:Government offices
382:Ward, Iain (1991).
195:Lieutenant Governor
142:Career in Hong Kong
306:Hong Kong Cemetery
237:Colonial Secretary
219:Colonial Treasurer
494:
493:
487:Succeeded by
269:Hercules Robinson
85:
84:
81:Colonial official
41:19 September 1816
553:
470:Preceded by
462:
461:
457:
456:
454:
452:
446:
439:
428:
422:
421:
413:
407:
406:
394:
388:
387:
379:
370:
369:
359:
226:Attorney General
180:Second Opium War
149:Hong Kong Police
120:Chinese dialects
58:
40:
38:
21:
20:
561:
560:
556:
555:
554:
552:
551:
550:
496:
495:
490:
483:
475:
460:
450:
448:
447:on 2 April 2015
444:
437:
429:
425:
414:
410:
395:
391:
380:
373:
360:
345:
341:
321:Aberdeen Street
282:
256:William Tarrant
222:Frederick Forth
206:
204:Caldwell Affair
200:in April 1857.
144:
136:First Opium War
102:He was born in
100:
65:
60:
56:
47:
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
559:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
492:
491:
488:
485:
476:
471:
467:
466:
459:
458:
423:
408:
389:
371:
342:
340:
337:
317:Hollywood Road
281:
278:
205:
202:
143:
140:
99:
96:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
59:(aged 59)
55:2 October 1875
53:
49:
48:
43:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
558:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
501:
489:Thomas Turner
482:
481:
474:
468:
463:
443:
436:
435:
427:
419:
412:
404:
400:
393:
385:
378:
376:
367:
366:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
343:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
287:
277:
275:
270:
265:
263:
262:
257:
253:
250:
245:
241:
240:W. T. Bridges
238:
233:
230:
227:
223:
220:
215:
211:
201:
199:
198:William Caine
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
169:
164:
163:
158:
154:
150:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:'s island of
105:
95:
93:
89:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
54:
50:
46:
33:
29:
22:
19:
478:
449:. Retrieved
442:the original
433:
426:
417:
411:
398:
392:
383:
363:
314:
291:
283:
266:
259:
252:George Lyall
242:, who was a
234:
207:
187:John Bowring
175:
173:
166:
160:
145:
108:Saint Helena
101:
87:
86:
57:(1875-10-02)
18:
511:1875 deaths
506:1816 births
473:Charles May
333:Sun Yat-sen
274:Charles May
235:The Acting
122:as well as
70:Nationality
500:Categories
484:1856–1862
451:18 January
339:References
176:The Eaglet
157:Royal Navy
132:Portuguese
128:Hindustani
98:Early life
78:Occupation
37:1816-09-19
261:The Times
244:Freemason
214:Eli Boggs
168:Powhattan
63:Hong Kong
45:St Helena
327:and the
184:Governor
165:and USS
162:Rattler
73:British
116:Canton
112:Penang
445:(PDF)
438:(PDF)
153:Macao
124:Malay
453:2017
319:and
130:and
52:Died
31:Born
308:in
502::
401:.
374:^
346:^
138:.
126:,
455:.
368:.
39:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.