477:. That possums are such effective transmitters of TB appears to be facilitated by their behaviour once they succumb to the disease. Terminally ill TB possums will show increasingly erratic behaviour, such as venturing out during the daytime to get enough food to eat, and seeking out buildings in which to keep warm. As a consequence they may wander onto paddocks, where they naturally attract the attention of inquisitive cattle and deer. This behaviour has been captured on video.
399:
64:
22:
248:
contracts and move herds and equipment between farms. Calving typically takes place in late winter/early spring (July to
September), and cows are milked for 270â300 days before being dried off in late autumn (April and May). Some farms, either wholly or partly, employ winter milking, with calving in late summer and early autumn (February and March).
528:'s regulatory committee chairman Ian Balme. Dairy NZ in 2014 claimed that as a direct result of the Sustainable Dairying: Water Accord all New Zealand dairy companies now have programmes in place to assess the effluent systems of suppliers on a three-yearly basis, with several assessing every farm every year. Despite this, a 2018 report from
488:, a bacterial disease known to cause a range of serious conditions in cattle was detected in New Zealand in July 2017. Known conditions include mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, and late-term abortions. The disease has been described as the worst disease to land in New Zealand, with an eradication cost estimated at $ 886 million over 10 years.
131:. The venture was a great success, and consequently Bowron was appointed Government Inspector of Dairy Factories in 1883. In this capacity, he largely facilitated the setting up of factories across the country until his death in 1890. He published three pamphlets on the manufacture of cheese, butter and bacon in New Zealand.
118:
in 1871. In 1881, the newly arrived colonist
William Bowron gave a series of lectures propounding the notion that the institution of dairy factories, for the mass production of cheese, would be greatly advantageous to the economy of New Zealand. He was largely instrumental in the establishment of the
453:
across approximately 38 per cent of New
Zealand (known as âvector risk areasâ). In these areas, nearly 70 per cent of new herd infections can be traced back to possums or ferrets. From 1979â1984, possum control was stopped due to lack of funding. In spite of regular and frequent TB testing of cattle
247:
The dairy farming year in New
Zealand typically runs from 1 June to 31 May. The first day of the new year, historically known as "Gypsy Day" but now more commonly called "Moving Day" (also spelled "Mooving Day" as a pun), sees a large-scale migration as sharemilkers and contract milkers take up new
363:
Before the advent of refrigerated shipping in the 1880s, dairy production was entirely for local consumption, with butter and cheese usually being produced on the farm, with the surplus being sold to the community via the local store. Small dairy factories began to be established in the 1880s, and
110:
from the New South Wales Crown herd. From the 1840s, most settlements had farms with some
Shorthorn dairy cattle and it was common for families to have one or two cows, milked by the women and children. Herds tended to be larger near urban areas, where dairy productsâpredominantly milk and
243:
and 14% are operated by contract milkers. Herd-owning sharemilkers (formerly 50:50 sharemilkers) own their own herd, and are responsible for employing workers and the day-to-day operations of the farm, in return for receiving a percentage (typically 50%) of the milk income. Variable order
359:
10 US gal) of raw milk containing 1.9 million tonnes of milk solids (protein and milkfat). This makes the country the world's seventh-largest milk producer, with about 3% of world production in the 2016/17 dairy season. Most of this exported, with
Fonterra alone responsible for
1347:
499:
is a disease caused by bacteria known as
Leptospira and is one of the most common diseases transmitted from animals to humans in New Zealand. The disease is common amongst dairy farmers and the numbers notified are increasing yearly with 141 cases notified in 2017.
466:) from wild vector species across 2.5 million hectares â or one quarter â of New Zealand's at-risk areas by 2026 and, eventually, eradicating the disease entirely. As of the 2017/18 dairy season, only twenty herds in New Zealand remained affected.
364:
soon there was one in almost every village in dairying regions. Production began to be centralised in the second half of the 20th century, with facilities such as the
Fonterra plants at Whareroa (near HÄwera), Edendale, Clandeboye (near Timaru), and
1351:
142:, improved transportation, processing technologies and energy systems led to a trend of consolidation where the co-operatives merged and became larger and fewer in number. By the late 1990s, there were four co-operatives: the
1182:
540:
Dairy farmers are paid by milk processors based on the amount of milk solids (protein and fat) sold. For the 2019â20 season, Fonterra paid farmers $ 7.14 per kilogram of milk solids (kgMS) excluding
180:
was passed, allowing the two largest remaining cooperatives, New
Zealand Co-operative Dairy Company Ltd and Kiwi Co-operative Dairies Ltd, to merge with the New Zealand Dairy Board to produce
454:
herds, the number of infected herds snowballed and continued to increase until 1994, and the area of New
Zealand where there were TB wild animals expanded from about 10 to 40 per cent. The
700:
Manufacture of Cheese, Butter and Bacon in New Zealand, 1883 Observations on the Manufacture of Cheese, Butter and Bacon in New Zealand, 1883 Cheese, Butter and Bacon in New Zealand, 1883
544:, with other processors paying between $ 6.75 and $ 9.96 per kgMS. Farmers are penalised if they supply milk that fails to meet quality standards, for example, if there is a high
244:
sharemilkers do not own their own herd, and receive a lower percentage (typically 20â30%) of the milk income, while contract milkers are paid a fixed price per unit of milk.
1174:
138:(NZDB) was formed as a statutory board with monopoly control of the export of all New Zealand dairy products. In the 1930s there were around 500 co-operatives but after
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912:
200:, hay and other crops during winter and other times of slow pasture growth. Traditional dairy production areas are the wetter areas of the country, including the
962:
529:
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is the largest processor of milk in New Zealand, processing 82 percent of all milk solids as of 2018. Other large dairy companies are Open Country Dairy (7.4%),
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462:(AHB) operates a nationwide programme of cattle testing and possum control with the goal of eradicating the bacterium responsible for bovine tuberculosis (
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1881:
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937:
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Possums are not native to New Zealand, and are considered both an agricultural and a conservation pest. They are controlled through a combination of
988:
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438:(BLV). In 1997, a national control scheme was implemented with the goal of eradicating BLV from New Zealand. This was declared successful in 2009
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found that regional councils had 425 reported cases of serious non-compliance in 2016â17, and this was likely a significant under-reporting.
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being the four largest in the Southern Hemisphere. Edendale is also currently the largest dairy factory in the world by milk intake.
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43:, with a population of 4.92 million milking cows in the 2019â20 season. The income from dairy farming is now a major part of the
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458:, which established a National Pest Management Strategy, is the legislation behind control of the disease in New Zealand. The
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began during the early days of colonisation by Europeans. The New Zealand dairy industry is based almost exclusively on
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By 1920, there were 600 dairy processing factories of which about 85% were owned by co-operatives. In 1923, the
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In 2011 controversy arose over the retail price of milk in New Zealand, leading to an enquiry by a government
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516:" campaign in 2002 to highlight the effect of dairying on water quality. As a response to the campaign the
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2015:
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Dairy farming is being increasingly held to account for the environmental impacts of the industry.
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Around 56% of dairy farms in New Zealand are owner-operated as of 2015, while 29% are operated by
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was established in an attempt to reduce the level of water pollution. Initially the family owned
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bore the brunt of the prosecutions and were labelled the "poster boys for dirty dairying" by
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1348:"The use of 1080 for pest control â 3.1 Possums as reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis"
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842:
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107:
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1871:
1762:â a partnership of six organisations set up to promote dairying in the South Island
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228:, but increased irrigation has seen dairy farms established in drier areas such as
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1843:
1569:"Major report highlights failure of councils to protect environment from dairying"
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473:, ground-baiting and, where other methods are impractical, aerial treatment with
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123:. The factory was managed by William Harding, the son of the inventor of modern
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26:
1451:"Q&A on Mycoplasma bovis: Untangling truth from fiction of cattle disease"
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In the 2019â20 season, New Zealand produced 21.1 billion litres (4.6
36:
1175:"Fonterra hold on raw milk market still 80 per cent despite predictions"
398:
106:
in the Bay of Islands. The cows were gifted by New South Wales Governor
63:
2098:
1771:
99:
1208:(4th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic press. pp. 61â62.
1088:"NZ dairy production hits record in 2020, despite lower cow numbers"
913:"NZ dairy production hits record in 2020, despite lower cow numbers"
2093:
2038:
371:
209:
181:
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147:
1279:"Future freedom from bovine TB, Graham Nugent (Landcare Research)"
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201:
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715:"Dairying and dairy products â Co-operatives and centralisation"
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Enzootic bovine leucosis is a form of leukaemia caused by the
196:-based. Dairy cattle primarily feed on grass, supplemented by
21:
233:
1753:
1759:
1405:"Nathan Guy appeals for calm after cattle disease outbreak"
1147:
48:
963:"Otago dairy industry urged to take care on 'Mooving Day'"
883:"Dairying and dairy products â Pattern of milk production"
881:
Stringleman, Hugh; Scrimgeour, Frank (24 November 2008).
721:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatu Taonga.
1765:
1041:"Thousands of farmers on the move for annual Gypsy Day"
761:
A History of the New Zealand Dairy Industry: 1840â1935
382:(3.4% each), Miraka (1.4%), Oceania Dairy (1.1%), and
360:
approximately one third of the world's dairy exports.
880:
713:
Stringleman, Hugh; Scrimgeour, Frank (1 March 2009).
712:
690:. 6 December 1890. p. 4 – via Papers Past.
662:. 30 October 1882. p. 3 – via Papers Past.
619:
Stringleman, Hugh; Scrimgeour, Frank (1 March 2009).
618:
648:. 25 April 1881. p. 2 – via Papers Past.
1621:. Kevin J. Stafford. Auckland, New Zealand. 2017.
1204:Mahy, Brian W.J. (2009). "Bovine leukemia virus".
831:. Kevin J. Stafford. Auckland, New Zealand. 2017.
676:. 20 July 1883. p. 2 – via Papers Past.
257:Dairy export volumes for year ended 30 June 2018
2763:
1015:"'Nervous excitedness' on dairy farm moving day"
114:The first dairy co-operative was established on
1742:Te Ara â The Encyclopedia of New Zealand (1966)
1448:
1426:Ministry for Primary Industries (7 June 2019).
1068:. Ministry of Primary Industries. December 2018
1066:"Situation and outlook for primary industries"
1787:
1516:Leaman, Aaron; Neems, Jeff (29 August 2009).
989:"Farmers prepping for dairy farm mooving day"
173:converted from agriculture to dairy farming.
792:"Horticulture making a comeback in Taranaki"
621:"Beginnings of New Zealand's dairy industry"
1700:. newzealand.com. June 2010. Archived from
1515:
429:
1794:
1780:
1649:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1495:"armers at risk of life-changing diseases"
1402:
1374:"Dr Paul Livingstone letter to the editor"
1130:
859:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
192:Dairy farming in New Zealand is primarily
1197:
1801:
1760:South Island Dairying Development Centre
719:Te Ara â the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
503:
251:
20:
1518:"Acting 'too late' costs farmers $ 90k"
625:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
119:Ashburton Cheese and Butter Factory at
2764:
1544:"Water Accord Progress Report Summary"
1323:"New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2017â18"
1113:"New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2019â20"
802:from the original on 14 September 2021
789:
708:
706:
595:"New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2019â20"
441:
150:-based Kiwi Co-operative Dairies, the
102:dairy cows (then known as Durhams) to
1775:
1257:"Virus eradicated from NZ dairy herd"
1058:
893:from the original on 22 February 2013
876:
874:
821:
819:
817:
749:Dairy Produce Export Control Act 1923
660:"Ashburton Cheese and Butter Factory"
184:, now New Zealand's largest company.
178:Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001
1748:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
1719:
1254:
1230:"Viral disease in cattle eliminated"
1203:
1185:from the original on 28 October 2021
393:
389:
146:-based New Zealand Dairy Group, the
58:
1618:Livestock production in New Zealand
1497:. beeflambnz.com. 19 September 2018
1172:
1105:
1080:
828:Livestock production in New Zealand
790:Martin, Robin (14 September 2021).
703:
480:
13:
1687:
905:
871:
814:
187:
14:
2783:
1768:â an industry promotional website
1735:
1138:"NZX launches milkpowder futures"
763:. Wellington: Government Printer.
587:
518:Dairying and Clean Streams Accord
25:Cow sculpture outside Dairyland,
1750:â The New Zealand Dairy Industry
1669:"Milk price inquiry to continue"
491:
397:
384:Tatua Co-operative Dairy Company
160:Tatua Co-operative Dairy Company
111:butterâcould be sold or traded.
62:
1661:
1609:
1591:"Dairy industry payout history"
1583:
1561:
1536:
1509:
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1449:GERARD HUTCHING (28 May 2018).
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449:is currently (2012) endemic in
165:In 1988, due to the effects of
51:13.4 billion industry by 2017.
1720:Oram, Rod (14 November 2010).
1297:"TBfree New Zealand programme"
1173:Fox, Andrea (3 October 2018).
742:
694:
680:
666:
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638:
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1:
1722:"Visions of greener pastures"
1380:. 26 May 2011. Archived from
1150:. 4 June 2009. Archived from
580:
555:and a small scale price war.
2772:Dairy farming in New Zealand
1695:"New Zealand dairy industry"
548:or antibiotics are present.
7:
1428:"What is Mycoplasma bovis?"
1403:Brad Lewis (26 July 2017).
558:
10:
2788:
1882:New Zealand and Antarctica
1756:â an industry organisation
1671:. Fairfax. 9 February 2012
1255:NZPA (21 September 2009).
1206:The dictionary of virology
646:"Cheese and Butter Making"
565:Agriculture in New Zealand
54:
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2630:Structural discrimination
2581:New Zealand Sign Language
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774:A Command of Cooperatives
355:10 imp gal; 5.6
2276:House of Representatives
1143:National Business Review
430:Enzootic bovine leucosis
2138:Territorial authorities
778:New Zealand Dairy Board
759:Philpott, H.G. (1937).
284:Butter, AMF, and cream
136:New Zealand Dairy Board
94:In 1814 the missionary
2399:Information technology
1350:. 2011. Archived from
1281:. 2011. Archived from
380:Westland Milk Products
156:Westland Milk Products
29:
1727:The Sunday Star-Times
1653:) CS1 maint: others (
863:) CS1 maint: others (
504:Environmental impacts
436:Bovine leukemia virus
268:Value (million NZ$ )
252:Processing and export
98:introduced the first
24:
1384:on 27 September 2011
456:Biosecurity Act 1993
2576:New Zealand English
2267:Official Opposition
1524:. Fairfax Media Ltd
1354:on 19 December 2012
1236:. 24 September 2009
1154:on 18 November 2014
942:www.careers.govt.nz
772:Ward, A.H. (1975).
526:Environment Waikato
464:Mycobacterium bovis
460:Animal Health Board
447:Bovine tuberculosis
442:Bovine tuberculosis
258:
45:New Zealand economy
2446:Telecommunications
1867:Treaty of Waitangi
1303:on 30 January 2011
776:. Wellington: The
546:somatic cell count
409:. You can help by
273:Whole milk powder
256:
74:. You can help by
30:
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2514:Gender inequality
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2282:Political funding
2191:Foreign relations
2179:Political parties
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1904:
1854:Political history
1628:978-0-9941363-1-2
1597:. 18 October 2013
1571:. Forest and Bird
1285:on 30 March 2012.
1117:www.dairynz.co.nz
838:978-0-9941363-1-2
728:978-0-478-18451-8
599:www.dairynz.co.nz
427:
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390:Pest and diseases
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295:Skim milk powder
108:Lachlan Macquarie
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1877:Women's suffrage
1872:New Zealand Wars
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1834:Economic history
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1407:. nzherald.co.nz
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553:select committee
486:Mycoplasma bovis
481:Mycoplasma Bovis
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265:Volume (tonnes)
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169:, many farms in
104:mission stations
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16:Overview article
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1999:Marine reserves
1994:Protected areas
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1849:Natural history
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1744:â Dairy farming
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1688:Further reading
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1475:. dairynz.co.nz
1473:"Leptospirosis"
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72:needs expansion
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2018:
2013:
2008:
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2004:National parks
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1991:
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1947:Climate change
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1736:External links
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1707:on 1 June 2010
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1021:. 1 June 2020
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995:. 31 May 2023
994:
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969:. 30 May 2017
968:
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938:"Sharemilker"
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512:started the "
511:
510:Fish and Game
501:
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497:Leptospirosis
492:Leptospirosis
489:
487:
478:
476:
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467:
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405:This section
403:
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206:Bay of Plenty
203:
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185:
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176:In 2001, the
174:
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83:November 2009
77:
73:
70:This section
68:
65:
61:
60:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:Dairy farming
28:
23:
19:
2653:Architecture
2620:Prostitution
2546:Homelessness
2504:Demographics
2426:Reserve Bank
2371:
2201:Human rights
2164:Constitution
2125:Subdivisions
2079:New Plymouth
2064:Invercargill
2044:Christchurch
1977:South Island
1972:North Island
1932:Biodiversity
1897:Independence
1725:
1709:. Retrieved
1702:the original
1673:. Retrieved
1663:
1617:
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1594:
1585:
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1563:
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1538:
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1521:
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1467:
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1444:
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1421:
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1398:
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1377:
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1301:the original
1291:
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1233:
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1178:
1168:
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1156:. Retrieved
1152:the original
1141:
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1044:
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1018:
1009:
999:14 September
997:. Retrieved
992:
983:
973:14 September
971:. Retrieved
966:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:
932:
920:. Retrieved
916:
907:
895:. Retrieved
886:
827:
806:15 September
804:. Retrieved
795:
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732:. Retrieved
718:
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640:
628:. Retrieved
624:
614:
602:. Retrieved
598:
589:
575:Crafar Farms
570:Sharemilking
550:
539:
536:Milk pricing
522:Crafar Farms
507:
495:
484:
468:
463:
445:
433:
418:January 2012
415:
411:adding to it
406:
370:
362:
350:
246:
241:sharemilkers
238:
191:
175:
167:Cyclone Bola
164:
140:World War II
133:
113:
93:
80:
76:adding to it
71:
31:
18:
2588:LGBT issues
2556:Immigration
2494:Citizenship
2431:Rogernomics
2367:Agriculture
2245:enforcement
1957:Environment
1952:Earthquakes
1829:Archaeology
1803:New Zealand
1675:12 February
1553:14 February
1332:15 December
1259:. ODT.co.nz
1240:15 December
1072:15 December
475:1080 poison
37:New Zealand
2718:Television
2673:Literature
2561:Irreligion
2541:Healthcare
2526:Euthanasia
2297:Government
2272:Parliament
2206:Disability
2099:Wellington
1549:. Dairy NZ
1388:13 January
1358:13 January
1307:13 January
734:14 October
581:References
276:1,319,542
230:Canterbury
226:West Coast
121:Flemington
2566:Languages
2521:Education
2384:Companies
2329:Ministers
2223:Judiciary
2169:Elections
2111:WhangÄrei
2016:Volcanism
1989:Mountains
1911:Geography
1711:25 August
1645:cite book
1637:978284784
1575:19 August
1501:19 August
1479:19 August
1457:19 August
1434:19 August
1411:19 August
1263:19 August
1179:NZ Herald
1092:NZ Herald
967:NZ Herald
917:NZ Herald
855:cite book
847:978284784
630:14 August
100:Shorthorn
2766:Category
2746:Category
2625:Religion
2593:Naturism
2489:Abortion
2441:Taxation
2262:Monarchy
2257:Military
2211:Intersex
2152:Politics
2094:Tauranga
2059:Hastings
2054:Hamilton
2039:Auckland
1924:Physical
1892:Dominion
1824:Timeline
1234:Radio NZ
1189:11 March
1183:Archived
891:Archived
800:Archived
688:"Deaths"
559:See also
471:trapping
386:(0.7%).
372:Fonterra
342:419,381
320:191,407
309:329,854
298:431,303
287:454,660
262:Product
224:and the
214:Manawatƫ
210:Taranaki
182:Fonterra
171:Taranaki
152:Hokitika
148:Taranaki
2737:Outline
2713:Symbols
2668:Cuisine
2645:Culture
2551:Housing
2477:Society
2451:Tourism
2414:Poverty
2355:Economy
2305:Cabinet
2196:Gun law
2133:Regions
2104:capital
2089:Rotorua
2049:Dunedin
1967:Islands
1962:Geology
1942:Climate
1812:History
1754:DairyNZ
1601:6 March
1122:7 March
1097:8 March
1050:7 March
1025:7 March
947:7 March
922:8 March
897:8 March
604:7 March
451:possums
376:Synlait
366:Te Rapa
331:91,914
317:Casein
306:Cheese
202:Waikato
194:pasture
154:-based
144:Waikato
55:History
2751:Portal
2663:Cinema
2603:"Kiwi"
2598:People
2536:Health
2409:Mining
2394:Energy
2389:Dollar
2184:Voting
2074:Nelson
2069:Napier
2031:Cities
2011:Rivers
1887:Colony
1635:
1625:
1528:31 May
1328:. 2018
1212:
845:
835:
725:
345:1,050
334:1,240
323:1,601
312:1,905
301:1,228
290:3,812
279:5,818
222:Tasman
218:Nelson
204:, the
198:silage
41:cattle
2708:Sport
2703:Radio
2688:Music
2683:Media
2635:Waste
2613:Women
2608:MÄori
2571:MÄori
2499:Crime
2021:Water
1984:Lakes
1937:Caves
1705:(PDF)
1698:(PDF)
1547:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1019:Stuff
234:Otago
2339:list
2322:list
2310:list
2216:LGBT
1713:2010
1677:2012
1655:link
1651:link
1633:OCLC
1623:ISBN
1603:2021
1577:2019
1555:2016
1530:2010
1503:2019
1481:2019
1459:2019
1436:2019
1413:2019
1390:2012
1360:2012
1334:2018
1309:2012
1265:2019
1242:2018
1210:ISBN
1191:2021
1160:2011
1148:NZPA
1124:2021
1099:2021
1074:2018
1052:2021
1045:TVNZ
1027:2021
1001:2024
975:2024
949:2021
924:2021
899:2021
865:link
861:link
843:OCLC
833:ISBN
808:2021
736:2010
723:ISBN
632:2012
606:2021
378:and
232:and
158:and
49:NZ$
2658:Art
2240:Law
993:RNZ
796:RNZ
542:GST
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