Narcissus (plant) - Knowledge

6893: 6834: 4642: 6853: 2469: 727: 2737: 5846: 2405: 6296: 900: 787: 6874: 589: 129: 4658: 4699: 7064: 4617: 773: 2375: 2816: 2606: 305: 4085:. Infection with NYSV produces light or grayish-green, or yellow stripes or mottles on the upper two-thirds of the leaf, which may be roughened or twisted. The flowers which may be smaller than usual may also be streaked or blotched. NWSV produces greenish-purple streaking on the leaves and stem turning white to yellow, and premature senescence reducing bulb size and yield. These viruses are primarily diseases of commercial nurseries. The growth inhibition caused by viral infection can cause substantial economic damage. 863: 5905: 2580: 840: 2527: 2974: 7092: 326: 151: 3443: 333: 2498: 708: 21457: 2666: 2095: 750: 649: 6184: 2441: 5181: 5039:

unusual. Planted narcissi bulbs produce daughter bulbs in the axil of the bulb scales, leading to the dying off the exterior scales. To prevent planted bulbs forming more and more small bulbs, they can be dug up every 5–7 years, and the daughters separated and replanted separately, provided that a piece of the basal plate, where the rootlets are formed, is preserved. For daffodils to flower at the end of the winter or early spring, bulbs are planted in

674: 1076:. The scales are of two types, true storage organs and the bases of the foliage leaves. These have a thicker tip and a scar from where the leaf lamina became detached. The innermost leaf scale is semicircular only partly enveloping the flower stalk (semisheathed).(see Hanks Fig 1.3). The bulb may contain a number of branched bulb units, each with two to three true scales and two to three leaf bases. Each bulb unit has a life of about four years. 21483: 564: 5242: 4973: 886: 626: 7076: 4683: 1083:). The bulbs develop from the inside, pushing the older layers outwards which become brown and dry, forming an outer shell, the tunic or skin. Up to 60 layers have been counted in some wild species. While the plant appears dormant above the ground the flower stalk which will start to grow in the following spring, develops within the bulb surrounded by two to three deciduous leaves and their sheaths. The flower stem lies in the 4984: 2696: 6081: 21471: 2337: 817: 6051:"Carlton" and "Ice Follies" (Division 2: Large cup) have a long history of cultivation, together with "Dutch Master" and "Golden Harvest" (1: yellow). "Carlton" and "Golden Harvest" were introduced in 1927, and "Ice Follies" in 1953. "Carlton", with over 9 billion bulbs (350 000 tons), is among the more numerous individual plants produced in the world. The other major areas of production are the 2954: 3848:, while the short corona serves as a funnel guiding the tip of the proboscis into the mouth of the perianth tube. The stigma is placed either in the mouth of the tube, just above two whorls of three anthers, or hidden well below the anthers. The pollinators then carry pollen on their probosci or faces. The long-tongued bees cannot reach the nectar at the tube base and so collect just pollen. 5208:(RHS), based partly upon flower form (shape and length of corona), number of flowers per stem, flowering period and partly upon genetic background. Division 13, which includes wild daffodils, is the exception to this scheme. The classification is a useful tool for planning planting. Most commercially available narcissi come from Divisions 1 (Trumpet), 2 (Large cupped) and 8 (Tazetta). 6144:, bulbs larger than 12 cm in size are preferred. To bloom in December, bulbs are harvested in June to July, dried, stored for four days at 34 °C, two weeks at 30 and two weeks at 17–20 °C and then placed in cold storage for precooling at 9 degrees for about 15–16 weeks. The bulbs are then planted in light compost in crates in a 2226:, arranged the species into named groups, and those names have largely endured for the various subdivisions since and bear his name as their authority. The situation was confused by the inclusion of many unknown or garden varieties, and it was not until the work of Baker that the wild species were all grouped as sections under one genus, 4885:, writing "The garden does not afford, in its Kind, a prettier plant than this; nor do we know one that has been so early, or so honorably mention'd by all Kinds of Writers" (see illustration). Interest grew further when varieties that could be grown indoors became available, primarily the bunch flowered (multiple flower heads) 1398:

formed during floral development as a tubular outgrowth from stamens which fuse into a tubular structure, the anthers becoming reduced. At its base, the fragrances which attract pollinators are formed. All species produce nectar at the top of the ovary. Coronal morphology varies from the tiny pigmented disk of

494:. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, 2863:, with a distinction between "ancient hybrids" and "recent hybrids". The term "ancient hybrid" refers to hybrids found growing over a large area, and therefore now considered as separate species, while "recent hybrid" refers to solitary plants found amongst their parents, with a more restricted range. 12458:

Ingrassia, Laurent; Lefranc, Florence; Dewelle, Janique; Pottier, Laurent; Mathieu, Véronique; Spiegl-Kreinecker, Sabine; Sauvage, Sébastien; El Yazidi, Mohamed; Dehoux, Mischaël; Berger, Walter; Van Quaquebeke, Eric; Kiss, Robert (26 February 2009). "Structure−Activity Relationship Analysis of Novel

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For commercial use, varieties with a minimum stem length of 30 centimetres (12 in) are sought, making them ideal for cut flowers. Florists require blooms that only open when they reach the retail outlet. For garden plants the objectives are to continually expand the colour palette and to produce

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which begin to form their leaves as the narcissi flowers are fading. A number of wild species and hybrids such as "Dutch Master", "Golden Harvest", "Carlton", "Kings Court" and "Yellow Sun" naturalise well in lawns, but it is important not to mow the lawn till the leaves start to fade, since they are

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Bulbs offered for sale are referred to as either 'round' or 'double nose'. Round bulbs are circular in cross section and produce a single flower stem, while double nose bulbs have more than one bulb stem attached at the base and produce two or more flower stems, but bulbs with more than two stems are

1149:, giving them a waxy appearance. Leaf colour is light green to blue-green. In the mature plant, the leaves extend higher than the flower stem, but in some species, the leaves are low-hanging. The leaf base is encased in a colorless sheath. After flowering, the leaves turn yellow and die back once the 6091:

Production of both bulbs and cut flowers takes place in open fields in beds or ridges, often in the same field, allowing adaptation to changing market conditions. Narcissi grow best in mild maritime climates. Compared to the United Kingdom, the harsher winters in the Netherlands require covering the

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regions. They are one of the most popular spring flowers and one of the major ornamental spring flowering bulb crops, being produced both for their bulbs and cut flowers, though cultivation of private and public spaces is greater than the area of commercial production. Over a century of breeding has

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Traditionally, sales took place in the daffodil fields prior to harvesting the bulbs, but today sales are handled by Marketing Boards although still before harvesting. In the Netherlands there are special exhibition gardens for major buyers to view flowers and order bulbs, some larger ones may have

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regions, a period of exposure to cold is necessary before spring growth can begin. This protects the plant from growth during winter when intense cold may damage it. Warmer spring temperatures then initiate growth from the bulb. Early spring growth confers a number of advantages, including relative

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Bulbs are harvested for market in the summer, sorted, stored for 2–3 weeks, and then further disinfected by a hot (43.5 °C) bath. This eliminates infestations by narcissus fly and nematodes. The bulbs are then dried at a high temperature, and then stored at 15.5 °C. The initiation of new

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In the United Kingdom a total of 4100 ha were planted with bulbs, of which 3800 ha were Narcissi, the UK's most important bulb crop, much of which is for export, making this the largest global production centre, about half of the total production area. While some of the production is for

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The corona, or paracorolla, is variously described as bell-shaped (funneliform, trumpet), bowl-shaped (cupular, crateriform, cup-shaped) or disc-shaped with margins that are often frilled, and is free from the stamens. Rarely is the corona a simple callose (hardened, thickened) ring. The corona is

5916:, which is the most important source of flower bulbs worldwide is also a major centre of narcissus production. Of 16,700 hectares (ha) under cultivation for flower bulbs, narcissi account for about 1,800 hectares. In the 1990s narcissus bulb production was at 260 million, sixth in size after 5255:

Daffodil breeding has introduced a wide range of colours, in both the outer perianth tepal segment and the inner corona. In the registry, daffodils are coded by the colours of each of these two parts. Thus "Geranium", Tazetta (Division 8) as illustrated here with a white outer perianth and orange

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is regularly updated with supplements available online and is searchable. The most recent supplement (2014) is the sixth (the fifth was published in 2012). More than 27,000 names were registered as of 2008, and the number has continued to grow. Registered daffodils are given a division number and

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For potted flowers a lower temperature is used for precooling (5 °C for 15 weeks), followed by 16 °C–18 °C in a greenhouse. For later blooming (mid- and late-forcing), bulbs are harvested in July to August and the higher temperatures are omitted, being stored a 17–20 °C after

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than in the bulb, making it dangerous to herbivores more likely to consume the stem than the bulb, and is part of the plant's defence mechanisms. The distribution of alkaloids within tissues may also reflect defence against parasites. The bulbs can also be toxic to other nearby plants, including

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In the visual arts, narcissi are depicted in three different contexts, mythological (Narcissus, Persephone), floral art, or landscapes. The Narcissus story has been popular with painters and the youth is frequently depicted with flowers to indicate this association. The Persephone theme is also

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Although there is no clear evidence that the flower's name derives directly from the Greek myth, this link between the flower and the myth became firmly part of western culture. The narcissus or daffodil is the most loved of all English plants, and appears frequently in English literature. Many

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or scape, appearing from early to late spring depending on the species, bears from 1 to 20 blooms. Stem shape depends on the species, some are highly compressed with a visible seam, while others are rounded. The stems are upright and located at the centre of the leaves. In a few species such as

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Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris: Or A Garden of All Sorts of Pleasant Flowers which our English Ayre will Permitt to be Noursed Vp. With a Kitchen Garden of All Manner of Herbes, Rootes, & Fruites, for Meate or Sause Vsed with Vs, and an Orchard of All Sorte of Fruitbearing Trees and

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The plural form of the common name "narcissus" has been the cause of some confusion. Dictionaries list "narcissi", "narcissuses" and "narcissus". However, texts on usage such as Garner and Fowler state that "narcissi" is the preferred form. The common name narcissus should not be capitalised.

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consists of relatively large flowers with a corolla length of around 50 mm, generally solitary but rarely in inflorescences of 2–4 flowers. They have wide greenish floral tubes with funnel-shaped bright yellow coronas. The six tepals sometimes differ in colour from the corona and may be cream

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Hortus Eystettensis, sive, Diligens et accurata omnium plantarum, florum, stirpium : ex variis orbis terrae partibus, singulari studio collectarum, quae in celeberrimis viridariis arcem episcopalem ibidem cingentibus, olim conspiciebantur delineatio et ad vivum repraesentatio et advivum

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have developed some daffodils with double, triple, or ambiguously multiple rows and layers of segments. Many of the breeding programs have concentrated on the corona (trumpet or cup), in terms of its length, shape, and colour, and the surrounding perianth or even as in varieties derived from

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group in their natural habitat prefers humid situations such as stream margins, springs, wet pastures, clearings of forests or shrublands with humid soils, and moist hillsides. These habitats tend to be discontinuous in the Mediterranean mountains, producing discrete isolated populations. In

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and its cultivars are an exception to this rule, requiring no cold period. Often harvested in October, bulbs are lifted in May and dried and heated to 30 °C for three weeks, then stored at 25 °C for 12 weeks and planted. Flowering can be delayed by storing at 5 °C–10 °C.

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While some wild narcissi are specific in terms of their ecological requirements, most garden varieties are relatively tolerant of soil conditions, however very wet soils and clay soils may benefit from the addition of sand to improve drainage. The optimum soil is a neutral to slightly acid

4150:. Since the fungus can remain in the soil for many years it is necessary to remove infected plants immediately, and to avoid planting further narcissi at that spot for a further five years. Not all species and cultivars are equally susceptible. Relatively resistant forms include 17069:

Jiménez, Juan F.; Sánchez-Gómez, Pedro; Guerra, Juan; Molins, Arántzazu; Rosselló, Josep A. (12 June 2009). "Regional Speciation or Taxonomic Inflation? The Status of Several Narrowly Distributed and Endangered Species of Narcissus Using ISSR and Nuclear Ribosomal ITS Markers".

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in 1877. These are considered a protective adaptation and are utilised in the classification of species. Nearly 100 alkaloids have been identified in the genus, about a third of all known Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, although not all species have been tested. Of the nine alkaloid

5075:, in which the bulbs are cut into many small pieces but with the two scales still connected by a small fragment of the basal plate. The fragments are disinfected and placed in nutrient media. Some 25–35 new plants can be produced from a single bulb after four years. 5936:

and in 2012 it was ranked third. About two-thirds of the area under cultivation is dedicated to about 20 of the most popular varieties. In the 2009/2010 season, 470 cultivars were produced on 1578 ha. By far the largest area cultivated is for the miniature

4441:(Narcissus eelworm), the main cause of basal plate disease in which the leaves turn yellow and become misshapen. Infested bulbs have to be destroyed; where infestation is heavy avoiding planting further narcissi for another five years. Other nematodes include 5402:

may be indicated. However, ingestion of large quantities accidentally is unusual because of a strong unpleasant taste. When narcissi were compared with a number of other plants not normally consumed by animals, narcissi were the most repellent, specifically

3863:), which forage for both pollen and nectar. The large corona allows the bees to crawl into the perianth but then the narrow tube prevents further progress, causing them to probe deeply for nectar. The pendant flowers prevent pollination by Lepidoptera. In 1628:), with the filaments separate from the corona, attached at the throat or base of the tube (epipetalous), often of two separate lengths, straight or declinate-ascending (curving downwards, then upwards). The anthers are basifixed (attached at their base). 5825:

Acetylcholine esterase inhibition has attracted the most interest as a possible therapeutic intervention, with activity varying by a thousandfold between species, and the greatest activity seen in those that contain galantamine or epinorgalanthamine.

4813:, in his extensive discussion of daffodils, both wild and cultivated ("bastard daffodils") described twenty four species in London gardens (1597), ("we have them all and every one of them in our London gardens, in great abundance", p. 114). 15372:

Eden, or, A compleat body of gardening : containing plain and familiar directions for raising the several useful products of a garden, fruits, roots, and herbage, from the practice of the most successful gardeners, and the result of a long

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are long-lived perennial geophytes with winter-growing and summer-dormant bulbs that are mainly synanthous (leaves and flowers appearing at the same time). While most species flower in late winter to spring, five species are autumn flowering

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Many of the smallest species have become extinct, requiring vigilance in the conservation of the wild species. Narcissi are increasingly under threat by over-collection and threats to their natural habitats by urban development and tourism.

4735:, which soon became nearly extinct in its native habitat of France and Spain, though still found in the southern part of that country. The only large-scale production at that time related to the double narcissus "Van Sion" and cultivars of 14333: 6421:

with its fragrance being narcotic, emphasised by its pale white colour. Just as Persephone reaching for the flower heralded her doom, the youth Narcissus gazing at his own reflection portended his own death. Plutarch refers to this in his

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that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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flower development in the bulb takes place in late spring before the bulbs are lifted, and is completed by mid summer while the bulbs are in storage. The optimal temperature for initiation is 20 °C followed by cooling to 13 °C.

4889:(Polyanthus Narcissus). However interest varied by country. Maddock (1792) does not include narcissi in his list of the eight most important cultivated flowering plants in England, whereas in the Netherlands van Kampen (1760) stated that 5220:

such as 5 W-W ("Thalia"). In horticultural usage it is common to also find an unofficial Division 14: Miniatures, which although drawn from the other 13 divisions, have their miniature size in common. Over 140 varieties have gained the

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Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily in the

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Pigni, Natalia B.; Ríos-Ruiz, Segundo; Luque, F. Javier; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Bastida, Jaume (November 2013). "Wild daffodils of the section Ganymedes from the Iberian Peninsula as a source of mesembrane alkaloids".

14664:"J Edgar as a visionary vigilante? Don't believe this unreliable narrative: DiCaprio's Hoover is presented as the misguided hero of his anti-communist FBI empire but the film omits vital episodes such as the McCarthy witch-hunts" 16534: 6157:

harvesting and placed in cold storage at 9 °C in September for 17–18 (cut flowers) or 14–16 (potted flowers) weeks. The bulbs can then be planted in cold frames, and then forced in a greenhouse according to requirements.

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such as "Golden Spur", in the late nineteenth century, and in the beginning of the twentieth century, tetraploids like "King Alfred" (1899), the industry was well established, with trumpet daffodils dominating the market. The

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crop in Western Europe in the latter part of the nineteenth century, beginning in England between 1835 and 1855 and the end of the century in the Netherlands. By the beginning of the twentieth century 50 million bulbs of

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Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse ; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la

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stalk. The leaves are flat and broad to cylindrical at the base and arise from the bulb. The emerging plant generally has two leaves, but the mature plant usually three, rarely four, and they are covered with a

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The British gardener's new director : chiefly adapted to the climate of the northern counties: directing the necessary works in the kitchen, fruit and pleasure gardens, and in the nursery, greenhouse, and

6833: 455:(1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 36 species. The number of species has varied, depending on how they are classified, due to similarity between species and 9261: 3099:). The reason for the introduction of the initial "d" is not known. From at least the 16th century, "daffadown dilly" and "daffydowndilly" have appeared as alternative names. Other names include "Lent lily". 1573:, has a relatively short, broad or highly funnelform tube (funnel-like), which grades into an elongated corona, which is large and funnelform, forming a broad, cylindrical or trumpet-shaped perianth. Section 530:, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of 12401: 5010:

being available from both general and specialist suppliers. They are normally sold as dry bulbs to be planted in late summer and autumn. They are one of the most economically important ornamental plants.

3059:). It has also been suggested that narcissi bending over streams represent the youth admiring his reflection. Linnaeus used the Latin name "narcissus" for the plant but was preceded by others such as 20881: 8435:

Meerow, Alan W.; Fay, Michael F.; Guy, Charles L.; Li, Qin-Bao; Zaman, Faridah Q. & Chase, Mark W. (1999). "Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid sequence data".

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which has become linked in the popular mind with the daffodils that form its main image. Wordsworth also included the daffodil in other poems. Yet the description given of daffodils by his sister,

6646:, though as with all references in the older literature to the flower that sprang from the youth's death, there is room for some debate as to the exact species of flower indicated, some preferring 12748:

Kandeler, R.; Ullrich, W. R. (6 January 2009). "Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art: FEBRUARY: Sea-daffodil and narcissus".

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are of concern because of the economic consequences of losses in commercial cultivation. Pests include viruses, bacteria, and fungi as well as arthropods and gastropods. For control of pests, see

1608:. It combines features of both the "daffodil" and "paperwhite" forms, with a well-developed, long, narrow tube and an extended bell-shaped corona of almost equal length. The flowers are pendent. 15346:

Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas

11226: 8728: 6388:, where the author describes the narcissus, and its role as a lure to trap the young Persephone. The flower, she recounts to her mother was the last flower she reached for before being seized. 479:

who fell in love with his own reflection. In some versions of the story, Narcissus is turned in to a flower by the Gods after his death. The English word "daffodil" appears to be derived from "

9977: 2859:. Thus, a very wide view of each species, such as Webb's results in few species, while a very narrow view such as that of Fernandes results in a larger number. Another factor is the status of 2848:

have varied widely, from anywhere between 16 and almost 160, even in the modern era. Linnaeus originally included six species in 1753, by 1784 there were fourteen by 1819 sixteen, and by 1831

14137:"Master of the Göttingen "Barfüsseraltar", also known as "Master of the Hildesheim Legend of Magdalen" active during the first quarter of the 15th century "Noli me tangere (Do Not Touch Me)"" 7674: 6892: 5088:

hardy forms, and there is a particular demand for miniature varieties. The cultivars so produced tend to be larger and more robust than the wild types. The main species used in breeding are

3036:, who became so obsessed with his own reflection in water that he drowned and the narcissus plant sprang from where he died. There is no evidence for the flower being named after Narcissus. 1072:

in a ring around the edge, which grow up to 40 mm in length. Above the stem plate is the storage organ consisting of bulb scales, surrounding the previous flower stalk and the terminal

526:. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different 5552:

var. chinensis was grown as an ornamental plant but the bulbs were applied topically to tumors in traditional folk medicine. These bulbs contain pretazettine, an active antitumor compound.

2026:. These early writers were as much interested in the plant's possible medicinal properties as they were in its botanical features and their accounts remained influential until at least the 14913: 4744:

Cultivation is also documented in Britain at this time, although contemporary accounts show it was well known as a favourite garden and wild flower long before that and was used in making

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Other authors (e.g. Webb) prioritised morphology over genetics, abandoning subgenera, although Blanchard's system has been one of the most influential. While infrageneric groupings within

1386:, the perianth is homochlamydeous, which is undifferentiated into separate calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals), but rather has six tepals. The three outer tepal segments may be considered 21317: 2127:) interpretations of the genus. The narrow view treated many of the species as separate genera. Over time, the wider view prevailed with a major monograph on the genus being published by 5460:

If bulb extracts come into contact with wounds, both central nervous system and cardiac symptoms may result. The scent can also cause toxic reactions such as headaches and vomiting from

1382:(bent back) from the rest of the perianth are the six spreading tepals or floral leaves, in two whorls which may be distally ascending, reflexed (folded back), or lanceolate. Like many 13091: 6132:

There is also a market for forced blooms, both as cut flowers and potted flowers through the winter from Christmas to Easter, the long season requiring special preparation by growers.

5297:. They are responsible for the poisonous properties of a number of the species. Over 200 different chemical structures of these compounds are known, of which 79 or more are known from 5046:

Narcissi are well suited for planting under small thickets of trees, where they can be grouped as 6–12 bulbs. They also grow well in perennial borders, especially in association with

2797:(2011) did not. If two species excluded in the former study are removed from the analysis, the studies are in agreement, the species in question instead forming a clade with subgenus 15310:

The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit and flower garden, as also the physick garden, wilderness, conservatory, and vineyard

11693: 4193:, particularly if improperly stored. Copper sulfate is used to combat the disease, and infected bulbs are burned. Blue mould rot of bulbs may be caused by infection with species of 3803:) to completely enter the flower in their search for nectar and/or pollen. In this type, the stigma lies in the mouth of the corona, extending beyond the six anthers, whose single 16376:

The European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass: Vol. 1. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae

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The European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass: Vol. 1. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae

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Of all the flowering plants, the bulbous have been the most popular for cultivation. Of these, narcissi are one of the most important spring flowering bulb plants in the world.

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Dobson, Heidi E.M.; Arroyo, Juan; Bergström, Gunnar; Groth, Inga (December 1997). "Interspecific variation in floral fragrances within the genus Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)".

971:(scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of flowers ( 538:. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. 12094: 5576:, erodent, and "powerful to disperse whatever has collected in any part of the body". N. tazetta bulbs were used in Turkey as a remedy for abscesses in the belief they were 4748:. This was a period when the development of exotic formal gardens and parks was becoming popular, particularly in what is known as the "Oriental period" (1560–1620). In his 19258: 17803:

Pigni, Natalia B.; Ríos-Ruiz, Segundo; Martínez-Francés, Vanessa; Nair, Jerald J.; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Bastida, Jaume (28 September 2012). "Alkaloids from

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Medrano, Mónica; López-Perea, Esmeralda; Herrera, Carlos M. (June 2014). "Population Genetics Methods Applied to a Species Delimitation Problem: Endemic Trumpet Daffodils (

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and cooked and eaten. Recovery is usually complete in a few hours without any specific intervention. In more severe cases involving ingestion of large quantities of bulbs,

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sets in, and the plant appears to be 'dormant' until the next spring, conserving moisture. However, the dormant period is also one of considerable activity within the bulb

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Shrubbes Fit for Our Land. Together with the Right Orderinge, Planting & Preserving of Them and Their Uses and Vertues Collected by Iohn Parkinson Apothecary of London

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forcing, most is for dry bulb production. Bulb production and forcing occurs in the East, while production in the south west is mainly for outdoor flower production. The

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Gage, Ewan; Wilkin, Paul; Chase, Mark W.; Hawkins, Julie (June 2011). "Phylogenetic systematics of Sternbergia (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid and ITS sequence data".

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in the sap, either due to a direct irritant effect or an allergic reaction. It has long been recognised that some cultivars provoke dermatitis more readily than others.

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occur there are found various intersections of the two species while in a small area along part of the Portuguese Mondego river are found intersectional hybrids between

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The predominant patterns are the 'daffodil' and 'paperwhite' forms, while the "triandrus" form is less common. Each corresponds to a different group of pollinators (See

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Growers register new daffodil cultivars by name and colour with the Royal Horticultural Society, which is the international registration authority for the genus. Their

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Le Narcisse à bouquet est la premiere fleur, après les Jacinthes, les Tulipes les Renoncules, et les Anemones, (dont nous avons déja parlé,) qui merite nôtre attention

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still remains relatively unsettled, the taxonomy having proved complex and difficult to resolve, due to the diversity of the wild species, the ease with which natural

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Boerema, G. H.; Hamers, Maria E. C. (May 1989). "Check-list for scientific names of common parasitic fungi. Series 3b: Fungi on bulbs: Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae".

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Berkov, Strahil; Martínez-Francés, Vanessa; Bastida, Jaume; Codina, Carles; Ríos, Segundo (March 2014). "Evolution of alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Narcissus".

16961: 14082:"Westfälischer Meister in Köln (tätig um 1415 – 1435): Der große Kalvarienberg, um 1415 – 1420. Eichenholz, 197 x 129 cm. Sammlung Ferdinand Franz Wallraf. WRM 0353" 9246: 7340: 17425:

Gage, Ewan; Wilkin, Paul; Chase, Mark W.; Hawkins, Julie (2011). "Phylogenetic systematics of Sternbergia (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid and ITS sequence data".

6642:. Frequently the poems deal with self-love derived from Ovid's account. Gower's reference to the yellow flower of the legend has been assumed to be the daffodil or 4832:

I thinke none ever had this kind before myselfe nor did I myself ever see it before the year 1618 for it is of mine own raising and flowering first in my own garden

2866:

Fernandes (1951) originally accepted 22 species, Webb (1980) 27. By 1968, Fernandes had 63 species, Blanchard (1990) 65 species, and Erhardt (1993) 66. In 2006 the

16740: 18062:

Ye Narcissus Or Daffodyl Flowere, Containing Hys Historie and Culture, &C., With a Compleat Liste of All the Species and Varieties Known to Englyshe Amateurs

5308:

products for both humans and animals (such as cattle, goats, pigs, and cats) have long been recognised and they have been used in suicide attempts. Ingestion of

1769: 14888: 12180: 14859: 14604:, Directed by Clint Eastwood. Starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Naomi Watts, Armie Hammer, Judi Dench, Josh Lucas, Stephen Root, Dermot Mulroney (2011, R, 136 min.)" 14110: 11583: 10762: 6921:(Chinese sacred lilies), which can be grown indoors, is widely used as an ornamental plant. It was probably introduced to China by Arab traders travelling the 4657: 12126: 14701: 13603: 10320: 5359:, for instance. The distribution of toxins within the plant also varies, for instance, there is a five times higher concentration of alkaloid in the stem of 5043:(September–November). This plant does well in ordinary soil but flourishes best in rich soil. Daffodils like the sun but also accept partial shade exposure. 1732:

are wedge-shaped and matte black, while those of other sections are ovate and glossy black. A gust of wind or contact with a passing animal is sufficient to

20808: 12583: 10954: 7460: 6426:

as numbing the nerves causing a heaviness in the limbs. He refers to Sophocles' "crown of the great Goddesses", which is the source of the English phrase "

6258:

Although prized as an ornamental flower, some people consider narcissi unlucky, because they hang their heads implying misfortune. White narcissi, such as

4877:

period both tulips and narcissi were an important component of the spring garden. By 1739 a Dutch nursery catalogue listed 50 different varieties. In 1757

15887:

On the popular names of British Plants, being an explanation of the origin and meaning of the names of our indigenous and most commonly cultivated species

13045: 11810: 9548: 4641: 14056: 10508: 2219:

occurs, and extensive cultivation and breeding accompanied by escape and naturalisation. Consequently, the number of accepted species has varied widely.

19816: 18413: 15701:

Flora Domestica, Or, The Portable Flower-garden : with Directions for the Treatment of Plants in Pots and Illustrations From the Works of the Poets

14988:

The Works of Virgil: Translated Into English Prose, as Near the Original as the Different Idioms of the Latin and English Languages Will Allow & etc

21356: 20489: 20445: 15486:

The florist's directory : or, A treatise on the culture of flowers ; to which is added a supplementary dissertation on soils, manures, &c

12053: 9296: 8859: 8340: 3875:

there are three patterns of sexual organs (trimophism) but all have long upper anthers but vary in stigma position and the length of the lower anthers.

18013: 14180: 9973: 8719: 5059:

which also naturalise well in lawns and flower at the same time as narcissus, make an attractive contrast to the yellow flowers of the latter. Unlike

4381:. The flies lay their eggs at the end of June in the ground around the narcissi, a single female fly being able to lay up to fifty eggs. The hatching 2256:

have been relatively constant, their status (genera, subgenera, sections, subsections, series, species) has not. The most cited system is that of the

17456:"Insights into Neogene Mediterranean biogeography based on phylogenetic relationships of mountain and lowland lineages of Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)" 17289:

Rønsted, Nina; Savolainen, Vincent; Mølgaard, Per; Jäger, Anna K. (May–June 2008). "Phylogenetic selection of Narcissus species for drug discovery".

15004: 11954: 9833: 9380:

Rønsted, Nina; Savolainen, Vincent; Mølgaard, Per; Jäger, Anna K. (May–June 2008). "Phylogenetic selection of Narcissus species for drug discovery".

8265: 14734: 7666: 4911:(1731–1768) refers to cultivation in Holland, Flanders and France, but not England, because it was too difficult, a similar observation was made by 19750:

Mowat, W.P.; Duncan, G.H.; Dawson, S. (December 1988b). "Narcissus late season yellows potyvirus: symptoms, properties and serological detection".

15851: 14577: 14365: 14136: 10051: 9611: 8137:

Bastida, Jaume; Lavilla, Rodolfo; Viladomat, Francesc (2006). "Chemical and biological aspects of "Narcissus" alkaloids". In Cordell, G. A. (ed.).

1363:) to funnel-shaped (funneliform) or cylindrical, and is surmounted by the more distal corona. Floral tubes can range from long and narrow sections 18222: 15754:

Amaryllidaceae: Preceded by an Attempt to Arrange the Monocotyledonous Orders, and Followed by a Treatise on Cross-bred Vegetables, and Supplement

6703:

is just as poetic, if not more so, just that her poetry was prose and appears almost an unconscious imitation of the first section of the Homeric

5366:

roses, rice, and cabbages, inhibiting growth. For instance placing cut flowers in a vase alongside other flowers shortens the life of the latter.

2789:

identified by Graham and Barrett. This led to a revision of the sectional structure. While Graham and Barrett (2004) had determined that subgenus

21725: 21281: 21116: 14909: 13848: 11154: 8595: 20854: 17760:

Pettit, George R.; Tan, Rui; Bao, Guan-Hu; Melody, Noeleen; Doubek, Dennis L.; Gao, Song; Chapuis, Jean-Charles; Williams, Lee (27 April 2012).

15658:

Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux

11940: 6467:. He believed that the myth of Persephone long antedated that of Narcissus, and hence discounted the idea the flower was named after the youth. 5795:

induced abdominal constriction, but not in another, the hot plate test. Most of these properties are due to alkaloids, but some are also due to

3055:, "I grow numb" ), rather than Narcissus. Furthermore, there were accounts of narcissi growing long before the story of Narcissus appeared (see 15928: 15565: 14671: 13445: 6519:, he recounts the story of the youth Narcissus who, after his death, is turned into the flower, and it is also mentioned in Book 5 of his poem 4385:

then burrow through the soil towards the bulbs and consume their interiors. They then overwinter in the empty bulb shell, emerging in April to

18049: 14611: 13992: 11665: 21764: 10037: 8830: 8517: 8215: 5810:

It is likely that the traditional use of narcissi for the treatment of cancer was due to the presence of isocarbostyril constituents such as

20404: 14633: 11614: 9803: 6990:) is said to have not been able to tolerate them at feasts because they reminded him of eyes, an association that persists to this day. The 6262:"Thalia", are especially associated with death, and have been called grave flowers. In Ancient Greece narcissi were planted near tombs, and 4558:

In response, a number of species have been granted protected species status and protected areas (meadows) have been established such as the

3807:

lies well within the corona. The bees come into contact with the stigma before their legs, thorax and abdomen contact the anthers, and this

545:

and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

14784: 9334:"Insights into Neogene Mediterranean biogeography based on phylogenetic relationships of mountain and lowland lineages of (Amaryllidaceae)" 8486: 7130:, when Hoover's mother explains why real-life cross-dresser Barton Pinkus was called "Daffy" (short for "Daffodil" and the equivalent of a 4302:) causes brown spots on the flower buds and stems (narcissus fire), especially in damp weather and is a threat to the cut flower industry. 18736:

Virus taxonomy : classification and nomenclature of viruses : ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

18594:. Oakland, Calif.: University of California, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Project, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 18363: 13631: 10082: 7008:, literally "a reddish-blue narcissus") is a well-known metonymy for the "eye(s) of a mistress" in the classical poetries of the Persian, 1079:

Once the leaves die back in summer, the roots also wither. After some years, the roots shorten, pulling the bulbs deeper into the ground (

13411: 13373: 8631: 8366: 8294: 19523:

Chen, J.; Shi, Y.-H.; Lu, Y.-W.; Adams, M. J.; Chen, J.-P. (9 June 2006). "Narcissus symptomless virus: a new carlavirus of daffodils".

17260:

Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Harder, Lawrence D. (2 September 2004). "The evolution of polymorphic sexual systems in daffodils (Narcissus)".

15975: 9924: 21920: 20911: 18340: 16692: 13832: 13816: 13479: 13147: 13115: 11826: 11520: 9879: 9578: 9112: 8049: 2875: 21800: 18202: 15391:

Traité des fleurs à oignons: contenant tout ce qui est nécessaire pour les bien cultiver, fondé sur une expérience de plusieurs années

14539: 14520:(in Malay). Islamic Studies Department, Faculty of the Humanities at the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia. 27 October 2020 13800: 12159: 10906: 10569: 4951:, the first organisation dedicated to the cultivation of narcissi was founded in Birmingham in 1898. Other countries followed and the 21915: 20930: 14205: 13211: 13179: 12886: 11712: 7197: 5195: 17185: 17036: 12220: 11794: 11039: 10890: 10459: 9426: 21673: 21600: 20036:

Sophocles: the plays and fragments with critical notes, commentary, and translation in English prose. Part II. The Oedipus Coloneus

12857: 6364:

while picking the flowers. The narcissus is considered sacred to both Hades and Persephone, and grows along the banks of the river

4616: 1394:. The transition point between the floral tube and the corona is marked by the insertion of the free tepals on the fused perianth. 1108:

the stem is oblique. The stem is hollow in the upper portion but towards the bulb is more solid and filled with a spongy material.

8692: 1544:

groups (see for instance Figs. 1 and 2 in Graham and Barrett). Barrett and Harder (2005) describe three separate floral patterns;

1359:

The floral tube is formed by fusion of the basal segments of the tepals (proximally connate). Its shape is from an inverted cone (

1245:

that is ribbed, and which remains wrapped around the base of the open flower. As the bud grows, the spathe splits longitudinally.

21738: 21686: 21243: 19265: 18709:

Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses ; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

14349: 12078: 10357: 10111: 8478: 8233: 8067: 7613: 7142:

In some areas where narcissi are prevalent, their blooming in spring is celebrated in festivals. For instance, the slopes around

7036:(1797–1869), "God has given the eye of the narcissus the power of seeing". The eye imagery is also found in a number of poems by 6863: 5230: 21096: 18303: 16562: 9516: 7811: 7638: 7091: 948:

with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5–80 centimetres (2.0–31.5 in) depending on the species. Dwarf species such as

14235: 13339: 12645: 4514:

has been considered to be either extinct or exceedingly rare but is not currently considered endangered, and is protected. The

21266: 19283:

Crous, P.W.; Summerell, B.A.; Shivas, R.G.; Romberg, M.; Mel'nik, V.A.; Verkley, G.J.M.; Groenewald, J.Z. (31 December 2011).

12612: 2634: 21422: 20227: 18777: 18660: 18569: 18540: 17876:"Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use" 16324: 16293: 16149: 15069: 14317: 14308: 13536: 13299: 13267: 13021: 11778: 11731: 11505: 9918: 21743: 11644: 10236: 5938: 944:, which die back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid 12964: 11762: 10295: 9656: 18036:

The Narcissus: Its History and Culture: With Coloured Plates and Descriptions of All Known Species and Principal Varieties

16582: 9631: 6488:. Virgil refers to the cup shaped corona of the narcissus flower, allegedly containing the tears of the self-loving youth 1830:

species most commonly demonstrate the presence of alkaloids from within the Lycorine (lycorine, galanthine, pluviine) and

21940: 12495: 12341: 5426:

problems for flower pickers, packers, florists, and gardeners, "daffodil itch", involves dryness, fissures, scaling, and

4820:

helped to ensure the popularity of the daffodil as a cultivated plant by describing a hundred different varieties in his

3983: 18244: 16501: 13595: 12978: 12720: 9944: 9711: 9443: 6873: 6108:

more than a thousand narcissus varieties on display. While individuals can visit these gardens they cannot buy bulbs at

6100:

is 6.0–7.5. Prior to planting disinfection by hot water takes place, such as immersion at 44.4 °C for three hours.

4485:

spp.) can also act as vectors of virus diseases, such as TBRV and TomRSV, in addition to causing stunting of the roots.

21935: 21595: 20797: 20772: 20738: 20717: 20692: 20662: 20630: 20590: 20563: 20296: 20178: 20151: 20100: 20073: 19956: 18886: 18832: 18805: 18744: 18717: 18620: 18599: 18507: 18478: 18178: 18151: 18124: 18097: 18070: 16461: 16410: 16383: 16347: 16266: 16239: 16210: 16183: 16125: 16100: 16079: 16051: 16024: 15135: 13572: 12370: 12029: 11855: 10180: 10145: 9813: 9489: 9201: 8941: 7585: 6711:, above). Among their contemporaries, Keats refers to daffodils among those things capable of bringing "joy for ever". 1842:

alkaloids are also represented. The alkaloid profile of any plant varies with time, location, and developmental stage.

20997: 18386: 13948: 7428: 6997: 5063:, narcissi bulbs are not attractive to rodents and are sometimes planted near tree roots in orchards to protect them. 3723:

Plants may spread clonally through the production of daughter bulbs and division, producing clumps. Narcissus species

2468: 21384: 20981: 20393: 19992: 18859: 17993: 17627: 16573: 16553: 14880: 12626: 12390: 12258: 12188: 12088: 11997: 11372: 11201: 10688: 10593: 9780: 8406: 8334: 8154: 8043: 7792: 5752: 5407:. Consequently, narcissus alkaloids have been used as repellents and may also discourage fungi, molds, and bacteria. 20957: 16511:. In Talavera S, Andrés C, Arista M, Fernández Piedra MP, Rico E, Crespo MB, Quintanar A, Herrero A, Aedo C (eds.). 14855: 14114: 12815:

The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose.

5457:"Actaea", "Camparelle", "Gloriosa", "Grande Monarque", "Ornatus", "Princeps" and "Scilly White" are known to do so. 21854: 17731:

Pettit, GR; Cragg, GM; Singh, SB; Duke, JA; Doubek, DL (1990). "Antineoplastic agents, 162. Zephyranthes candida".

15446: 12115: 11556: 11471: 11067: 7529: 6949:

was noted for his portrayal of narcissi. Narcissus bulb carving and cultivation has become an art akin to Japanese

4428:

infest mainly stored bulbs and multiply particularly at high ambient temperature, but do not attack planted bulbs.

3343:. Since this is one of the oldest species found in cultivation, it is likely to have been introduced into Kashmir. 2771:

corresponding to Fernandes' subgenera, but did not support monophyly of all sections. A later extended analysis by

2736: 726: 475:

is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek word (ancient Greek ναρκῶ narkō, "to make numb") and the myth of the

14693: 10324: 7075: 6933:, signifying good fortune, prosperity and good luck and there are many legends in Chinese culture associated with 6222:

In the West the narcissus is perceived as a symbol of vanity, in the East as a symbol of wealth and good fortune (

5845: 2878:

accepts 52 species, along with at least 60 hybrids, while the RHS has 81 accepted names in its October 2014 list.

1593:, has a relatively long, narrow tube and a short, shallow, flaring corona. The flower is horizontal and fragrant. 1379: 21769: 21712: 13655:

Panofsky, Dora (June 1949). "Narcissus and Echo; Notes on Poussin's Birth of Bacchus in the Fogg Museum of Art".

12677: 12661: 10826: 9224: 5205: 4146:, which causes basal rot (rotting of the bulbs and yellowing of the leaves). This is the most serious disease of 2404: 21332: 16770: 14417:

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934–1936), "شهلا", in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

14346:, p. 70: "I pity the narcissus for not being the orchid, which at least had known the sober minister from Chu".. 12796: 12575: 11126: 7862:

Barrett, SC; Harder, LD (January 2005). "The evolution of polymorphic sexual systems in daffodils (Narcissus)".

7452: 975:). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a 21905: 21849: 21188: 18559: 16766: 12926: 11185: 9544: 7063: 6959:

contains many references to the narcissus, where the main characters set out for the famed narcissus fields on

4753: 4199:, if they have become damaged either through mechanical injury or infestation by mites (see below). Species of 14967: 13053: 10810: 10785: 9453: 5683:

referred to the narcissus as the "Chaplet of the infernal Gods", a statement frequently wrongly attributed to

2936:

appears to have arisen in the area of the Iberian peninsula, southern France and northwestern Italy. Subgenus

2874:

listed 87 species, while Zonneveld's genetic study (2008) resulted in only 36. As of September 2014, the

2801:. Some so-called nothosections have been proposed, to accommodate natural ('ancient') hybrids (nothospecies). 21751: 20366: 19828: 19789:. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Integrated pest management program. March 2009 19019:"Plant-parasitic nematodes of potential phytosanitary importance, their main hosts and reported yield losses" 18421: 4947:

has been an important factor in promoting narcissi, holding the first Daffodil Conference in 1884, while the

3995: 3957: 3021:"numbness"; it may also be connected with hell. On the other hand, its etymology is considered to be clearly 21818: 20453: 20450:

Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth: The Alfoxden Journal 1798, The Grasmere Journals 1800-1803, ed. Mary Moorman

19359: 14834: 14809: 12045: 10434: 9292: 8855: 4938:"Paperwhite" were being exported annually from the Netherlands to the United States. With the production of 20497: 17762:"Antineoplastic Agents. 587. Isolation and Structure of 3-Epipancratistatin from Narcissus cv. Ice Follies" 17384:"Genome size and base composition variation in natural and experimental Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) hybrids" 14570:"J. Edgar: Clint Eastwood directs Leonardo DiCaprio in a muddled biopic about the controversial FBI honcho" 14172: 12459:

Derivatives of Narciclasine (an Amaryllidaceae Isocarbostyril Derivative) as Potential Anticancer Agents".

7167: 6695: 4011: 4005: 3977: 3432: 1682: 1230: 964: 18910: 15098: 9837: 8257: 5584:. Other uses include the application to wounds, strains, painful joints, and various local ailments as an 2264:(contain only one species), while two others contain only two species. Most species are placed in section 435:(also orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona. 21574: 21569: 21556: 21100: 17494: 14722: 12122: 12049: 11456: 10267: 10208: 9697: 9673: 8243: 7206: 6946: 5222: 4944: 4882: 4669: 4032: 3689:

Flower longevity varies by species and conditions, ranging from 5–20 days. After flowering leaf and root

2867: 2257: 2039: 21665: 21639: 16636: 16616: 16548:(in Spanish). Vol. I. Sevilla: Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía. pp. 171–180. 14569: 14148: 11102:

Creager, D. B.; Spruijt, F. J. (December 1935). "The relation of certain fungi to larval development of

9603: 8549:

Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam

3867:

there may be either a long stigma with short and mid-length anthers or a short stigma and long anthers (

21900: 21813: 21475: 20916: 16893: 16824:

and in Shoot Clump Cultures: Its Structure and Role in Organogenic Potential of Single Leaf Cultures".

14759: 14513: 14375: 13050:

The complete works of Plutarch: essays and miscellanies, New York: Crowell, 1909. Vol.III. Book III c.1

10378: 10248: 9956: 9723: 9668: 9583: 4112: 2158: 2120: 2062: 21289: 21124: 21064: 15263:. London: Printed by Hvmfrey Lownes and Robert Yovng at the Signe of the Starre on Bread-Street Hill. 6092:

fields with straw for protection. Areas with higher rainfall and temperatures are more susceptible to

4682: 4559: 150: 21945: 21930: 21779: 21691: 20866: 16516: 16485: 15936: 13625: 11932: 7268: 7192: 7113: 6976: 6381:

amongst the flowers of Cyprus. The legend of Persephone comes to us mainly in the seventh century BC

6295: 6198: 5114: 4952: 4881:

gave an account of the history and cultivation of the daffodil in his edited version of the works of

4837: 4817: 4795: 4705: 4412: 3611: 3351: 3165: 2810: 2380: 2116: 1486: 1468: 1440:

The colour of the perianth is white, yellow or bicoloured, with the exception of the night flowering

680: 31: 18935: 18436: 17667: 17227:"Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of stylar polymorphisms in Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)" 16855: 16477: 14663: 13437: 11744: 8194: 7725:"Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of stylar polymorphisms in Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)" 7410: 3955:. Up to twenty-five viruses have been described as being able to infect narcissi. These include the 20251: 17495:"Population Genetics Methods Applied to a Species Delimitation Problem: Endemic Trumpet Daffodils ( 15014: 14599: 11820: 11804: 11725: 11675: 11327: 10061: 10031: 8824: 8702: 8511: 8209: 7438: 7171: 7013: 6414: 6190: 4778:(1613) by which time there were 43 different types present. Another German source at this time was 4443: 4304: 4020: 3416: 1598: 1333: 1294: 992: 805: 428: 17: 18996:

Slootweg, A.F.G. (1 January 1956). "Rootrot of Bulbs Caused By Pratylenchus and Hoplolaimus Spp".

16427: 15813:

Plantae utiliores: or illustrations of useful plants, employed in the arts and medicine, Part VIII

15790: 15656: 15484: 15450: 15370: 15308: 15231: 14641: 14061:

Praxis Pietatis Melica. Das ist: Übung der Gottseligkeit in Christlichen und trostreichen Gesängen

11703: 11608: 11577: 9079: 8608: 8544: 6255:

or "Easter bell." In the United Kingdom the daffodil is sometimes referred to as the Lenten lily.

5941:, followed at some distance by 'Carlton'. The largest production cultivars are shown in Table II. 3144: 2104: 1229:

Prior to opening, the flower buds are enveloped and protected in a thin dry papery or membranous (

21910: 21805: 21660: 18056: 15714: 15569: 15436:

Next to the Hyacinths, Tulips, Ranunculuses, and Anemones, of which we have treated already, the

15257: 15195: 15009: 14144: 13826: 13810: 11841: 11535: 11164: 10919: 9819: 7179: 7163: 6879: 6807: 5796: 4567: 4395: 4056: 3427:

the meadows are teeming with yellow blooms. One of the most easterly occurrences can be found at

2099: 2087: 2014:, although the exact species mentioned in classical literature cannot be accurately established. 1884: 456: 21173: 21154: 15734: 15635: 15502: 15344: 15174: 15156: 14780: 14032: 10900: 5079:

methods are not used for commercial production but are used for establishing commercial stock.

1724:

have more, up to a maximum of 60. Seeds take five to six weeks to mature. The seeds of sections

899: 21925: 21634: 21499: 19403: 18371: 18268: 17382:

Marques, I.; Nieto Feliner, G.; Martins-Loucao, M. A.; Fuertes Aguilar, J. (11 November 2011).

16850: 15469: 15326: 15158:

Atrebat Rariorum alioquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia: libris duobus expressas

15061: 13504: 13466: 13398: 13360: 12912: 10074: 6464: 6096:

that attack crops. Production is based on a 1 (UK) or 2 (Netherlands) year cycle. Optimal soil

5866: 5772: 5559: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4449: 4075:

Of these viruses the most serious and prevalent are NDV, NYSV and NWSV. NDV is associated with

3989: 3967: 3943: 3902: 3868: 3761: 3682: 3664: 3658: 2701: 2532: 2503: 1537: 1442: 1410: 1302: 1104: 535: 21730: 19910: 19886: 17610:

Bastida, Jaume; Lavilla, Rodolfo; Viladomat, Francesc Viladomat (2006). Cordell, G. A. (ed.).

17561: 17312:"The systematic value of nuclear DNA content for all species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae)" 16687: 16445: 16335: 16310: 16227: 15903: 15808: 15770: 15696: 15676: 15524: 14002: 13970: 13888: 13842: 13564: 13558: 13402: 13364: 13101: 13031: 13005: 12988: 12828: 12687: 12671: 12655: 12639: 12411: 12007: 11495: 11387: 11236: 11220: 10964: 10717: 10521: 10498: 10168: 10133: 10002: 9908: 9746: 9032:"The systematic value of nuclear DNA content for all species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae)" 8929: 8660: 8625: 8577: 8396: 8324: 8077: 7988: 7824: 7653: 7632: 7556: 7348: 7332: 7327:

Rarely "Lentern", especially ecclesiastical usage as here, or dialect, particularly Scottish (

6463:

describing the flowers in the underworld. The myth of the youth Narcissus is also taken up by

588: 15730: 15191: 15124:

Turner, William (1995) . Chapman, George T. L.; Tweddle, Marilyn N.; McCombie, Frank (eds.).

14343: 14327: 13915: 13694: 13508: 12936: 12245:. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology. Vol. 30. Academic Press. pp. 251–356. 11788: 11772: 11351: 10027: 8901: 8811: 8781: 8753: 8033: 7782: 7258: 7225: 7210: 7202: 6682: 6677: 6489: 6346: 6263: 5853:

Of all the alkaloids, only galantamine has made it to therapeutic use in humans, as the drug

5226: 5096: 5090: 4510: 4277: 4226: 4173: 4062: 4050: 3769:

moths. Pollination mechanisms fall into three groups corresponding to floral morphology (see

3307: 3223: 3060: 3033: 2983: 2895: 2760: 2742: 2154: 1950: 1889: 1458: 1429: 1423: 950: 733: 714: 476: 128: 21792: 20217: 18206: 17147: 13858: 13778: 13470: 11964: 11659: 11481: 10603: 9867: 7519: 786: 314: 19928: 19464:

Chen, J.; Shi, Y.-H.; Adams, M. J.; Zheng, H.-Y.; Qin, B.-X.; Chen, J.-P. (February 2007).

19434: 18344: 18009: 17928: 17846: 17009: 15544: 15366: 9775:. Vol. 2. With the assistance of Lucien van Beek. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 997. 7215: 7175: 7024:

languages; to this day also the vernacular names of some narcissus cultivars (for example,

7017: 6671: 6658: 6635: 6206: 6173: 5510: 5482: 5361: 4907: 4878: 4799:), many other species were introduced, some of which escaped and naturalised, particularly 4731: 4718: 4545: 4371: 4294: 4220: 4068: 3891: 3727:

readily, although the fertility of the offspring will depend on the parental relationship.

3583: 3539: 3483: 3463:

ranges which may overlap resulting in natural hybrids. For instance in the vicinity of the

3364: 3258:). While the exact northern limit of the natural range is unknown, the occurrences of wild 3179: 2849: 2820: 2611: 2112: 1779: 1204: 655: 518:. Today narcissi are popular as cut flowers and as ornamental plants in private and public 442: 21215:. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University 20941: 20902: 19632:

spp.) in Japan III. Cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus and broad bean wilt virus"

12958: 12882: 9569: 7262:. It has been suggested that the word "Daffodil" be restricted to the wild species of the 6405:

utilises narcissus in a symbolic manner, implying fertility, allying it with the cults of

5374:

Many cases of poisoning or death have occurred when narcissi bulbs have been mistaken for

1427:

it is folded back (reflexed, see illustration, left), while in some other species such as

8: 21864: 21652: 21537: 21487: 20494:

The Complete Poetical Works, by Percy Bysshe Shelley: Volume 25. Poems written in 1820. 1

20329: 17956: 17200: 17051: 15885: 15828: 14966:

Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder) (1906). Mayhoff, Karl Friedrich Theodor (ed.).

12212: 10455: 9759: 9411: 6776: 6187: 5862: 5120: 5102: 4774: 4722: 4648: 4623: 4555:). In 1999 three species were considered endangered, five as vulnerable and six as rare. 4437: 4253: 4208: 4164: 4152: 4038: 4026: 3676: 3477: 3420: 3325: 3183: 3026: 2958: 2832: 2826: 2671: 2446: 2410: 2317: 2268:. Many of these subdivisions correspond roughly to the popular names for daffodil types, 2070: 1989: 1878: 1604: 1501: 1481: 1400: 756: 487: 21626: 20535: 20313: 20268: 17932: 17850: 16656: 15969: 15940: 15864: 15590: 15149: 14949: 12853: 10992:

Gregory, P.H. (1939). "The life history of Ramularia Vallisumbrosae Cav. on Narcissus".

506:

species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and

21872: 21647: 20678: 20651: 20646: 20616: 19763: 19548: 19505: 19384: 19309: 19284: 19216: 19148: 19131:

Hanks, Gordon; Carder, John (2003). "Management of basal rot - the narcissus disease".

19085: 19056: 18979: 18958: 18666: 18546: 18496: 17902: 17875: 17786: 17761: 17714: 17689: 17655: 17638: 17592: 17541: 17533: 17475: 17442: 17408: 17383: 17129: 17100: 17087: 17000: 16001: 15922: 15845: 15571:

Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum

13672: 12544: 12531: 12514: 12309: 12284: 9636: 9353: 8992: 8452: 8182: 8165: 7945: 7362: 7220: 7098: 6700: 6690: 6666: 6482:

writer to refer to the narcissus, does so in several places, for instance twice in the

6427: 6401: 6353: 6231: 5708: 5514: 5487: 5108: 5018: 4801: 4725:. Narcissi have been cultivated from at least as early as the sixteenth century in the 4664: 4453:(lesion nematode) the main cause of root rot in narcissi. Other nematodes such as the 4308:

is a leaf spot fungus found in warmer climates, causing narcissus white mould disease.

4271: 4243: 4214: 4137: 3808: 3570: 3447: 3345: 3251: 3038: 2978: 2474: 2342: 2128: 2010: 1521: 1507: 1448: 1223: 1080: 486:

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a

309: 274: 145: 137: 21247: 19249: 17619: 17101:"Geographical Structuring of Genetic Diversity Across the Whole Distribution Range of 16894:"Key to the wild daffodils (Narcissus, Amaryllidaceae) of Alabama and adjacent states" 16864: 16602: 15417:

The Dutch florist, or, True method of managing all sorts of flowers with bulbous roots

14948:

Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder) (1856). Bostock, John; Riley, H. T. (eds.).

13532: 12250: 11005: 10349: 10103: 10036:. Antwerp: Ex officina plantiniana :Apud Viduam et Ioannem Moretum. pp. 112–122. 8490: 8146: 6266:

describes them as portents of death, an association which also appears in the myth of

3518:

and restricted to Morocco, Spain and Portugal. The remaining sections within subgenus

21787: 21582: 21380: 20793: 20768: 20734: 20713: 20688: 20658: 20626: 20586: 20559: 20389: 20292: 20223: 20174: 20147: 20096: 20069: 19988: 19952: 19540: 19497: 19314: 19123: 19090: 18984: 18882: 18855: 18828: 18801: 18773: 18740: 18713: 18656: 18616: 18595: 18565: 18536: 18503: 18474: 18174: 18147: 18120: 18093: 18066: 17989: 17944: 17907: 17862: 17824: 17791: 17748: 17719: 17643: 17623: 17584: 17471: 17438: 17413: 17277: 17273: 17248: 17134: 16908: 16569: 16549: 16457: 16406: 16379: 16343: 16320: 16289: 16262: 16235: 16206: 16179: 16145: 16121: 16096: 16075: 16047: 16020: 15652: 15359: 15131: 15065: 15050: 14304: 13568: 13242: 12765: 12536: 12513:

Cakici I; Ulug HY; Inci S; Tunçtan B; Abacioglu N; Kanzik I; Sener B. (August 1997).

12476: 12314: 12254: 12084: 12025: 11501: 11304: 10456:"Perlenbach- und Fuhrtsbachtal bei Höfen: Narzissenreiche Bachtäler in der Westeifel" 10176: 10141: 9914: 9809: 9776: 9485: 9349: 9197: 8988: 8937: 8552: 8460: 8402: 8330: 8170: 8150: 8039: 7879: 7875: 7788: 7746: 7581: 7372: 7021: 6913: 6686: 6159: 6061: 5625: 5549: 5497:

are described in the Bible in the treatment for what is thought to be cancer. In the

5493: 5126: 4994: 4912: 4737: 4377: 4361: 4324: 4259: 4158: 4081: 3736: 3716: 3670: 3331: 3281: 3187: 2642: 2585: 2374: 2051: 1763: 1757: 1210: 956: 491: 468: 451: 21461: 20347: 19742: 19552: 19509: 19350: 19185: 19152: 18670: 18550: 18311: 17940: 17858: 17596: 17545: 17479: 17446: 17091: 16873: 15609: 14301:

Symbolik der Pflanzen, Von Akelei bis Zypresse. Mit 101 Aquarellen von Marie-Therese

14239: 13331: 12548: 9357: 8996: 7949: 7154:) at the annual Narcissi Festival. Festivals are also held in many other countries. 5414:, Suffolk, England, after a daffodil bulb was added to soup during a cookery class. 3574: 2815: 1270: 1065:

have a membranous tunic and a corky stem (base or basal) plate from which arise the

1030:

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile

1011:

is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The

21877: 21587: 20195: 19759: 19738: 19707: 19674: 19643: 19612: 19577: 19532: 19489: 19465: 19450: 19446: 19388: 19374: 19346: 19304: 19296: 19245: 19220: 19208: 19181: 19140: 19119: 19080: 19072: 19030: 19005: 18974: 18765: 18648: 18528: 17936: 17897: 17887: 17854: 17816: 17781: 17773: 17740: 17709: 17701: 17633: 17615: 17576: 17525: 17517: 17467: 17434: 17403: 17395: 17368: 17333: 17323: 17298: 17269: 17238: 17166: 17124: 17116: 17079: 16996: 16860: 16829: 16811: 16806: 16794: 16725: 16005: 15993: 15860: 15498: 15490: 15465: 15457: 15322: 15314: 15264: 15238: 13664: 12757: 12604: 12526: 12468: 12396: 12304: 12296: 12246: 11424: 11322: 11115: 11001: 9389: 9345: 9053: 9043: 8984: 8444: 8160: 8142: 7935: 7927: 7871: 7736: 6991: 6930: 6858: 6795: 6728: 6538: 6357: 6315: 6237:

In western countries the daffodil is also associated with spring festivals such as

5498: 5411: 5383: 5290: 5153: 5076: 4948: 4779: 4689: 4601: 4189: 3896: 3724: 3697:. It is also a period during which the plant bulb may be susceptible to predators ( 3593: 3566: 3384: 3140: 2860: 2605: 2246: 2216: 1823: 1785: 1674: 1437:), it is reduced to a few barely visible pointed segments with a prominent corona. 1219: 1137: 1059: 1016: 908: 304: 21548: 21430: 20983:

Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Amaryllidaceae - 3. Amaryllidoideae - 3H. Narcisseae

20047:

Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, Vol. IX RH-ST

19721:

Mowat, W.P.; Duncan, G.H.; Dawson, S. (1988a). "An appraisal of the identities of

19696:"Viruses isolated from Narcissus (Narcissus spp.) in Japan V. Arabis mosaic virus" 16016:

The Growth of Bulbs: Applied Aspects of the Physiology of Ornamental Bulbous Crops

15984:

Doorenbos, J. (1954). "Notes on the history of bulb breeding in the Netherlands".

15213: 12833:

Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, Vol. IX RH-ST

12499: 10676: 10617: 7360:

The Asphodel of the Greek underworld has been variously associated with the white

5410:

On 1 May 2009, a number of schoolchildren fell ill at Gorseland Primary School in

3042:, which grows in Greece, has a fragrance that has been described as intoxicating. 2124: 21561: 21374: 21227: 20762: 20728: 20682: 20620: 20580: 20553: 20516: 20427: 20286: 20168: 20141: 20090: 20063: 20034: 20016: 19980: 19946: 19930:

Herbals, Their Origin and Evolution: A Chapter in the History of Botany 1470-1670

19778: 18876: 18849: 18822: 18795: 18734: 18707: 18682: 18675: 18610: 18589: 18582: 18468: 18168: 18141: 18114: 18087: 18060: 18034: 17983: 17381: 16400: 16371: 16340:

Herbal Supplements and the Brain: Understanding Their Health Benefits and Hazards

16314: 16311:"Botanical and horticultural aspects of major ornamental geophytes: VII Narcissi" 16283: 16256: 16173: 16139: 16090: 16041: 16014: 15752: 15548: 15415: 15389: 15283: 15125: 15080: 15033: 14986: 12241:

Martin, S.F. (1987). "3: The Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids". In Brossi, Arnold (ed.).

9678: 9641: 9479: 6972: 6909: 6799: 6760: 6216: 6074: 5904: 5760: 5703:

have demonstrated a number of potentially useful biological properties including

5657: 5521: 5442: 5438: 5399: 5286: 4761: 4533: 4475: 3686:). By contrast, these species are hysteranthous (leaves appear after flowering). 3547: 3372: 3199: 3064: 3043: 2963: 2579: 2176: 2150: 2015: 1921: 1888:

which produces mainly fatty acid derivatives. The basic monoterpene precursor is

1653: 1066: 862: 829: 400: 231: 188: 21841: 21756: 21212: 21081: 20117: 20045: 19801: 16200: 15176:

Hortus medicus et philosophicus: In quo plurimorum stirpium breves descriptiones

14277: 12362: 11195: 11136: 11077: 11019:

van Leeuwen, Paul J (October 2014). "Fungal diseases and hot-water treatment in

10836: 10820: 10283: 6685:

alludes to their association with death in a number of poems. Among the English

5204:

cultivars are split into 13 divisions as first described by Kington (1998), for

4756:

states that nine different types of daffodils were represented in his garden in

3714:

shading. The exception to requiring cold temperatures to initiate flowering is

2772: 2526: 772: 321:(1885) 1. Longitudinal section, 2. Anthers, 3. Stigma, 4. Cross section of ovary 20684:

Die Träume des Kalifen : Träume und ihre Deutung in der islamischen Kultur

20143:

Tragic narrative : a narratological study of Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus

19712: 19695: 19679: 19648: 19627: 19617: 19592: 19161: 19076: 17690:"Chemistry, Biology, and Medicinal Potential of Narciclasine and its Congeners" 16586: 16135: 16067: 15064:. Vol. II. London and New York: William Heinemann and G.P. Putnam's Sons. 12285:"Chemistry, Biology, and Medicinal Potential of Narciclasine and its Congeners" 7252: 6938: 6839: 6780: 6534: 6327: 6251: 6209:(March 1). The narcissus is also a national flower symbolising the new year or 6066: 5886: 5858: 5837:

alkaloids have been utilised in horticulture to protect more vulnerable bulbs.

5815: 5704: 5676: 5621: 5577: 5541: 5533: 5506: 5434: 5012: 4765: 4318: 3887: 3819: 3804: 3396: 3274: 3171: 3090: 2973: 2909: 2196: 2172: 2147: 2074: 1930: 1733: 1657: 1641: 1625: 1383: 1349: 1008: 1004: 984: 870: 839: 598: 404: 347: 337: 221: 175: 118: 19582: 19561: 19536: 19493: 19110:, the cause of narcissus basal rot, with thiabendazole and other fungicides". 18769: 18652: 18532: 18284: 18170:

Daffodil : the remarkable story of the world's most popular spring flower

17985:

Studies in natural products chemistry. Vol 20 Structure and Chemistry (Part F)

17328: 17311: 17302: 17083: 14359: 12950: 12333: 12116:"Introduction to The International Daffodil Register and Classified List 2008" 9393: 9048: 9031: 5861:

disease. Galantamine is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor which crosses the

5285:, mostly in the bulb but also in the leaves. Members of the monocot subfamily 4782:

who gives an account of the species known to him and their cultivation in his

3135: 3125: 1777:) was in fact characterised by this characteristic. Polyploid species include 325: 21894: 20828: 19948:'Kaiserkron und Päonien rot?': Entdeckung und Einführung unserer Gartenblumen 19300: 16912: 16454:

Flora of Great Britain and Ireland: : Volume 5, Butomaceae - Orchidaceae

16092:

Floral biology : studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants

15964: 15726: 15340: 12712: 11313: 10499:

Barrett S, Lloyd D. Stylar polymorphisms and the evolution of heterostyly in

10244: 9952: 9808:(6th ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. 9719: 9692: 9664: 9027: 7989:

Barrett S, Lloyd D. Stylar polymorphisms and the evolution of heterostyly in

7406: 7263: 7121: 7009: 6942: 6764: 6756: 6715: 6515: 6117: 6052: 5890: 5881:

Throughout history the scent of narcissi has been an important ingredient of

5756: 5712: 5637: 5605: 5002: 4930: 4902: 4329: 3527: 3266:, middle and northern Europe are similarly considered ancient introductions. 3263: 2913: 2782: 2043: 2035: 1993: 1282: 1199: 446: 280: 258: 201: 82: 20018:

Hesperides: or, The works both humane and divine of Robert Herrick, Volume 1

19009: 18643:

Elad, Yigal; Williamson, Brian; Tudzynski, Paul; Delen, Nafiz, eds. (2007).

17170: 15494: 15461: 15318: 15242: 15037: 11119: 10262: 10203: 5588:

called 'Narcissimum'. Powdered flowers have also been used medically, as an

2069:

into a "family", which he called Narcissi. This was renamed Amaryllideae by

21831: 21522: 21426: 21001: 19658: 19544: 19501: 19379: 19318: 19094: 18988: 18390: 17948: 17911: 17866: 17828: 17795: 17723: 17647: 17417: 17281: 17252: 17138: 16833: 15268: 15045: 13941: 12769: 12480: 12318: 8556: 8464: 8174: 7883: 7750: 7314: 7134:), and admonishes, "I'd rather have a dead son than a daffodil for a son". 7117: 6960: 6926: 6815: 6740: 6521: 6479: 6456: 6382: 6339: 5925: 5898: 5811: 5792: 5776: 5764: 5740: 5724: 5720: 5593: 5518: 5072: 4721:

in Europe, the wild populations of the parent species had been known since

4470: 4418: 3824: 3591:

soils where it is moist in the growing season but dry in the summer, while

3499: 3495: 3442: 2497: 2306: 2276: 2238: 2200: 2183: 1997: 1909: 1835: 1831: 1807: 1202:(unbranched, with short floral stalks) with 2 to 15 or 20 flowers, such as 991:(undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped 332: 266: 19843: 19360:"Detection of Narcissus Latent Virus Isolates Using One-Step Rt-Pcr Assay" 17892: 17752: 17588: 17243: 17226: 12540: 7741: 7724: 6937:. In contrast to the West, narcissi have not played a significant part in 6148:

for forcing at 13 °C–15 °C and the blooms appear in 19–30 days.

5289:

present a unique type of alkaloids, the norbelladine alkaloids, which are

4873:

became important in the shipping of bulbs to western Europe. By the early

4853:, daffodils and narcissi have been much celebrated in art and literature ( 4769: 4729:, when large numbers of bulbs where imported from the field, particularly 3542:

and substrates, being found predominantly in open spaces ranging from low

2665: 2094: 707: 21699: 21531: 17493:

Medrano, Mónica; López-Perea, Esmeralda; Herrera, Carlos M. (June 2014).

17399: 17120: 16533:

Blanca G, Cabezudo B, Cueto M, Salazar C, Morales-Torres C, eds. (2009).

15672: 15631: 12761: 10584: 10547: 10545: 7246: 6803: 6623: 6606:

English writers have referred to the cultural and symbolic importance of

6493: 6183: 6141: 5913: 5894: 5854: 5800: 5788: 5744: 5736: 5613: 5573: 5564: 5545: 5505:(ca. B.C. 460–370) recommended a pessary prepared from narcissus oil for 5502: 5337: 5148:

was used for white tepaled varieties. To produce large cupped varieties,

4998: 4810: 4790: 4726: 4628: 4481: 4454: 4424: 4389:

in the soil, from which the adult fly emerges in May. The larvae of some

4313: 4265: 4195: 4183: 4106: 3883: 3833: 3815: 3766: 3748: 3740: 2900: 2272:

Trumpet Daffodils, Tazettas, Pheasant's Eyes, Hoop Petticoats, Jonquils.

2191: 2027: 2001: 1934: 1869: 1866: 1851: 1839: 1701:

which are round and swollen with a hard coat, sometimes with an attached

1671: 1353: 1319: 1129: 531: 515: 211: 57: 21456: 21408: 18264: 17744: 17529: 16730: 16713: 16378:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 205 ff. 11548: 9080:"Keys to the identification of native and naturalized taxa of the genus 7940: 6455:

meadows carpeted with flowers, thought to be narcissus, as described by

5437:(thickening of the skin beneath the nails). It is blamed on exposure to 5180: 5001:, providing colour from the end of winter to the beginning of summer in 2440: 1479:

Flower orientation varies from pendent or deflexed (hanging down) as in

1285:(radial) to slightly zygomorphic (bilateral) due to declinate-ascending 1183:

with up to 20 blooms. Species bearing a solitary flower include section

1125:

which are linear, ligulate or strap-shaped (long and narrow), sometimes

980: 749: 648: 21678: 19212: 17614:. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology. Vol. 63. pp. 87–179. 16402:

Flora Europaea. Volume 5, Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (monocotyledones)

15997: 15979:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 728. 15718: 15586: 15529:

Encyclopaedia Perthensis; or, Universal dictionary of Knowledge vol. 25

13676: 10007:

Gardeners Chronicle & New Horticulturist vol VI, III series, No 156

8936:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 205 ff. 8456: 7304: 7182:

in the UK use the daffodil as a fundraising symbol on "Daffodil Days".

6748: 6631: 6619: 6410: 6350: 6303: 6271: 6267: 6145: 5653: 5423: 5317: 5047: 4861:). The largest demand for narcissi bulbs were large trumpet daffodils, 4522: 4488: 4459: 4366: 4344: 4171:

Another fungus which attacks the bulbs, causing narcissus smoulder, is

3907: 3853: 3793: 3690: 3428: 3408: 3404: 3081: 2887: 2169: 1873: 1862: 1744: 1612: 1541: 1246: 1176: 1133: 1126: 1098: 968: 935: 480: 241: 102: 67: 20469: 20065:

The pastoral Narcissus : a study of the first idyll of Theocritus

19034: 17820: 17777: 17705: 17537: 17373: 17348: 17338: 16795:"Narcissi bulb production at southern South island sites, New Zealand" 16374:. In Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne Cubey (eds.). 16342:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press Science. pp. 149–160. 16072:

The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. (4 vols.)

15627: 12472: 12300: 11429: 11404: 10542: 10513: 10511: 9220: 9058: 8932:. In Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne Cubey (eds.). 8600: 8598: 8551:. Paris: apud viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois. pp. 54–56. 5051:

essential for nourishing the bulb for the next flowering season. Blue

3987:(NLSYV) which occurs after flowering, streaking the leaves and stems, 3615:

grows in small groups on open mountain meadows or in mixed forests of

3459:

However, unlike the above examples, most species have very restricted

2940:

in turn arose in the southwestern Mediterranean and Northwest Africa.

2245:

based on basal chromosome numbers, and then subdivided these into ten

522:. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different 21704: 21621: 21608: 21340: 19435:"Occurrence and importance of viruses infecting narcissus in Britain" 19358:

Berniak, Hanna; Komorowska, Beata; Sochacki, Dariusz (January 2013).

19144: 13868: 12207: 12205: 10140:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 559. 7037: 6980: 6922: 6744: 6392: 6121: 6113: 6085: 5768: 5732: 5728: 5716: 5680: 5668: 5597: 5581: 5569: 5387: 5341: 5333: 5241: 5188: 5164:. Multiheaded varieties, often called "Poetaz" are mainly hybrids of 5137: 5007: 4939: 4757: 4465: 4097: 4076: 4044: 3952: 3845: 3756: 3711: 3706: 3694: 3578: 3558: 3554: 3368: 3320: 3277:

3B through 10, which encompass most of the United States and Canada.

3247: 3022: 2917: 2786: 2261: 2242: 2179: 2082: 1965:

A genus that is very complex and burdened with numerous uncertainties

1755:

derivatives. The basic chromosome number is 7, with the exception of

1752: 1748: 1706: 1702: 1678: 1632: 1192: 1069: 932: 673: 471:

and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name

460: 107: 51: 21493: 21318:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

20792:. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ars Ceramica with the Honolulu Academy of Arts. 20407:. The Bull, Newsletter for the Barony of Stierbach, Vol. 10 Issue XI 13668: 10490: 10488: 8448: 6124:, although only about 100 narcissus varieties are on display there. 5558:

products have received a variety of other uses. The Roman physician

5485:

for a variety of complaints, including cancer. Plants thought to be

4972: 3067:(1576). The name Narcissus was not uncommon for men in Roman times. 3017:

has been connected because of the plant's narcotic properties, with

2763:

of Graham and Barrett (2004) supported the infrageneric division of

2233:

A common classification system has been that of Fernandes based on

2189:

corresponding to genera in the Narcisseae, being distinguished from

1908:. Most benzenoids are non-methoxylated, while a few species contain 885: 563: 21826: 21516: 21482: 20446:"Excerpt from Dorothy Wordsworth's Grasmere Journal, 15 April 1802" 19018: 17918: 17580: 17521: 14113:. St John the Baptist Greek Orthodox Church, Euless. Archived from 7980: 7978: 7976: 7931: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7143: 7126: 7045: 6955: 6784: 6502: 6484: 6431: 6396: 6372: 6326:. They are mentioned in the King James Version of the Bible as the 6319: 5929: 5921: 5882: 5804: 5684: 5645: 5641: 5629: 5624:

recommended pounding the roots in honey for use on burns, bruises,

5609: 5601: 5585: 5454: 5446: 5427: 5391: 5329: 5325: 5294: 5282: 5278: 4870: 4518: 4432: 4257:

causing white root rot, while others affect root and bulb, such as

4200: 4089: 3879: 3829: 3632: 3562: 3464: 3424: 3400: 3360: 3298: 3195: 3011: 2234: 1893: 1847: 1814: 1810: 1710: 1685:(almost spherical) in shape and are papery to leathery in texture. 1540:, primarily by corona size and floral tube length, associated with 1345: 1341: 1274: 1218:). The flower arrangement on the inflorescence may be either with ( 1196: 1150: 1020: 976: 941: 625: 527: 523: 499: 445:, both medicinally and botanically, but were formally described by 341:

From centre outwards: Trilocular ovary, 6 stamens, corona, perianth

97: 92: 77: 72: 62: 21613: 20386:

Garden of the Renaissance: Botanical Symbolism in Italian Painting

20089:

Jashemski, Wilhelmina Feemster; Meyer, Frederick G., eds. (2002).

19859: 19055:

Hong, Sung Kee; Kim, Wan Gyu; Cho, Weon Dae; Kim, Hong Gi (2007).

18441:

Historical Collections at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library

17802: 17455: 16316:

Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production

15608:

De Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1815b).

15200:. Antwerp: Ex officina plantiniana :Apud Viduam et Ioannem Moretum 12202: 11651: 11649: 11647: 10426: 9545:"Search The International Daffodil Register & Classified List" 9333: 7816: 7814: 7124:) to slurs against homosexuals and cross-dressers (as in the film 6763:. The narcissus also appears in German literature such as that of 4824:(1629), and introducing the great double yellow Spanish daffodil ( 3538:

Their native habitats are very varied, with different elevations,

2928:) between 27.4 and 16.1 Ma. The divisions between the sections of 2695: 995:. The flowers may hang down (pendant), or be erect. There are six 954:

have a maximum height of 5–8 centimetres (2.0–3.1 in), while

20253:

Confessio Amantis or Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins. Liber primus

19597:

spp.) in Japan II. Tomato ringspot virus and its transmission by

15830:

Weeds and wild flowers : their uses, legends, and literature

15285:

Apparatus plantarius: de plantis bulbosis et de plantis tuberosis

14985:

Vergilius Maro, Publius (Virgil) (1770). Davidson, Joseph (ed.).

14805: 13221:(Harvard University Press 1919 ed.). Perseus Digital Library 13189:(Harvard University Press 1919 ed.). Perseus Digital Library 13157:(Harvard University Press 1919 ed.). Perseus Digital Library 13125:(Harvard University Press 1919 ed.). Perseus Digital Library 10866: 10674: 7147: 6929:

for medicinal use. Spring-flowering, they became associated with

6811: 6747:, and gives the plant name an unexpected twist, alluding both to 6452: 6447: 6438: 6406: 6323: 6299: 6080: 5780: 5525: 5395: 5056: 4983: 4874: 4784:

Apparatus plantarius: de plantis bulbosis et de plantis tuberosis

4745: 4606:

Apparatus plantarius: de plantis bulbosis et de plantis tuberosis

4563: 4352: 4336: 4312:, the Narcissus leaf scorch, also affects the leaves as does its 3951:

diseases which affect the colour and shape of the leaves, as can

3930: 3799: 3782: 3606: 3588: 3550: 3515: 3460: 3412: 3392: 3340: 3316: 3312: 3294: 3286: 3207: 3108: 3089:). Asphodel in turn appears to come from the Greek "asphodelos" ( 2905: 2856: 1905: 1897: 1360: 1146: 824: 507: 464: 112: 87: 21717: 18326: 17068: 12080:

The Daffodil Register And Classified List (2008). 6th supplement

11875: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11527: 11525: 11523: 10911: 10909: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10765: 8680: 6814:, where daffodils symbolise not only death but also hope in the 6806:. For instance that of the Westfälischer Meister in Köln in the 6349:

who was turned into the flower of that name, and of the Goddess

5946:

Table II: Area under cultivation in the Netherlands, by cultivar

5517:(A.D. 98–138) in the first and second centuries A.D., while the 4359:

that have larvae that attack the plants, the narcissus bulb fly

4009:(NTNV) which produces necrosis of leaf tips after flowering and 3573:. Although requirements vary, overall there is a preference for 3085:. The narcissus was frequently referred to as the asphodel (see 2241:(2002). Another is that of Meyer (1966). Fernandes proposed two 21470: 20222:(in Greek and English). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press. 20219:

Greek epic fragments from the seventh to the fifth centuries BC

17454:

Santos-Gally, Rocío; Vargas, Pablo; Arroyo, Juan (April 2012).

15968: 10656: 10644: 9332:

Santos-Gally, Rocío; Vargas, Pablo; Arroyo, Juan (April 2012).

8483:

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

7049: 7033: 6950: 6819: 6648: 6530: 6475: 6460: 6377: 6242: 6211: 6109: 6056: 5933: 5917: 5870: 5830: 5748: 5672: 5617: 5589: 5431: 5321: 5052: 5040: 4920: 4850: 4133: 3859: 3841: 3787: 3778: 3388: 3376: 3231: 3148: 2768: 2336: 2186: 1926: 1913: 1717: 1649: 1645: 1621: 1421:

While the perianth may point forwards, in some species such as

1286: 1261: 1238: 1234: 1000: 996: 875: 800: 795: 637: 603: 519: 432: 21313: 21139: 20790:

Narcissus, Chinese new year flower : legends and folklore

17288: 16765: 14567: 14470: 14458: 14446: 13102:

Moschus. Idyll II, Europa and the Bull (pp. 181–187) at p. 183

12776: 12515:"Antinociceptive effect of some amaryllidaceae plants in mice" 12512: 12457: 10175:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 455. 9379: 9277: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7244:

The word "daffodil" is also applied to related genera such as

6391:

Other Greek authors making reference to the narcissus include

21035:"DaffLibrary – books, articles, and journals about daffodils" 20452:. New York: Oxford UP, 1971. pp. 109–110. Archived from 19846:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 2014 18251:. North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences 16405:(Reprinted ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15105:(Perseus Digital Library ed.). London: William Heinemann 14830: 12631: 12629: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11302: 11212: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11204: 10709: 10707: 10705: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10691: 10237: 10009:. London: Haymarket Publishing. 21 December 1889. p. 718 9945: 9766: 9712: 9657: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7131: 6639: 6610:). No flower has received more poetic description except the 6442: 6361: 6342: 6202: 5649: 5537: 5379: 5060: 4806: 4492: 4447:, which penetrates the roots causing basal plate disease and 4390: 4382: 4124: 3948: 3938: 3837: 3752: 3636: 3628: 3620: 3543: 3468: 3452: 3302: 3290: 3203: 3191: 3094: 3079:

The name "daffodil" is derived from "affodell", a variant of

3047: 3002: 2953: 2162: 2019: 1391: 1387: 1326: 1273:(bisexual), have three parts (tripartite), and are sometimes 1242: 1180: 1142: 1056: 1012: 988: 972: 816: 661: 542: 424: 396: 162: 19333:

Asjes, C.J. (1996). "Control situation of virus diseases in

17835: 14755: 14428:

The Rose and the Nightingale: Explorations in Indian Culture

13309:(Harvard University Press ed.). Perseus Digital Library 13277:(Harvard University Press ed.). Perseus Digital Library 12022:

The International Daffodil Register and Classified List 1998

11352:

Lib. I De Plantis bulbosis. cap. XVIII Narcissus. V. Cultura

5822:

contains about 0.12g of narciclasine per kg of fresh bulbs.

3851:'Triandrus' form. Pollinated by long-tongued solitary bees ( 1834:(homolycorine, lycorenine) groups. Hemanthamine, tazettine, 1529:), or intermediate between these positions (erecto-patent). 1485:(see illustration, left), through declinate-ascendant as in 21286:

Narcissus, Hyacinth & Special Flower Bulbs Picture Book

20622:

Stern und Blume : die Bilderwelt der persischen Poesie

19264:(Report). Horticultural Development Council. Archived from 17148:"Typifications of the names of Iberian accepted species of 16116:

Leeds, Rod; Hedge, Ronald; Hawthorne, Linden, eds. (1997).

15028:

Dioscuridis Anazarbei, Pedanii (1906). Wellman, Max (ed.).

9763: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7041: 6743:

describes the disorientation of English nuns in the Indian

6732:, describing the traditional Easter death of the daffodil. 6615: 6611: 6510: 6365: 6238: 5375: 4515: 4496: 4469:

spp. or dagger nematodes) and the stubby-root nematodes or

4407: 4386: 3744: 3436: 3336: 3243: 2557: 1697: 1156:

Jonquils usually have dark green, round, rush-like leaves.

1122: 1084: 1062: 1031: 1024: 945: 938: 913: 578: 573: 495: 21034: 21019: 16532: 14694:"J. Edgar Hoover: Gay or Just a Man Who Has Sex With Men?" 12424: 11933:"R. Bulbs, Corms and Tubers: 16.6 Narcissus And Daffodils" 11900: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11175: 11173: 8141:. Vol. 63. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc. pp. 87–179. 7645: 7643: 7641: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7048:

is said to have praised the narcissus, though some of the

5160:, and to produce small cupped varieties back crossed with 3269:

While the Amaryllidaceae are not native to North America,

2260:(RHS) which simply lists ten sections. Three of these are 1340:

All three parts may be considered to be components of the

19357: 18591:

Integrated pest management for floriculture and nurseries

18561:

Field manual of diseases on garden and greenhouse flowers

17492: 13757: 13755: 13740: 13230:ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα, ἔνθα τε ναίουσι ψυχαί, εἴδωλα καμόντων 13067: 12693: 11915: 11913: 11717: 11715: 10551: 8479:"Names of families and subfamilies, tribes and subtribes" 7909: 4752:(1588), the first catalogue of a German garden's plants, 4356: 3624: 3616: 1962:

Genus valde intricatum et numerosissimis dubiis oppressum

1293:

flowers are characterised by their, usually conspicuous,

1073: 419:, are used to describe all or some members of the genus. 20653:

Two-colored brocade : the imagery of Persian poetry

17612:

Chemical and biological aspects of "Narcissus" alkaloids

17453: 16987:

Webb, DA (June 1978). "Taxonomic notes on Narcissus L".

15082:

Theocritus, Bion and Moschus rendered into English prose

14206:"Relict Gold: The Long Journey of the Chinese Narcissus" 12576:"Tips On How To Protect Flower Bulbs From Rodent Damage" 12441: 12439: 10854: 10675:

W. P. Mowat; C. J. Asjes; A. A. Brunt (September 1976).

9331: 7052:

that were cited as proof are considered "weak" records.

1179:

or scape bearing either a solitary flower or forming an

21361:(Forgotten Books ed.). Paisley: Alexander Gardener 21049: 17609: 15626: 14494: 14482: 14381: 14008: 11973: 11887: 11632: 11362: 11360: 11170: 10932: 10930: 10928: 8829:. Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. pp. 430–455. 8826:

Genre NARCISSE - Narcissus Linn, Vol. 23 [t.12]

8604: 8136: 7594: 7162:

Various cancer charities around the world, such as the

6794:

Narcissi first started to appear in western art in the

6718:, using one of the daffodil's more symbolic names (see 6513:

also dealt with the mythology of the narcissus. In his

6330:

and make frequent appearances in classical literature.

6097: 5032: 4828:

or Parkinson's Daffodil, see illustration) to England.

4571: 4288:

Other fungi affect the remainder of the plant. Another

2932:

then took place during the Miocene period 19.9–7.8 Ma.

2153:

only became settled in this century with the advent of

2091:), but then the Amaryllidaceae were split off from it. 1660:, which is often exserted (extending beyond the tube). 20517:"Memoirs of William Wordsworth, Poet-Laureate, D.C.L." 20470:"The Poetical Works of John Keats. 1884. 32: Endymion" 18245:"Propagation of Daffodils (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)" 17675:

Hartwell, J. L. (1967). "Plants Used Against Cancer".

17424: 16456:. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 285–293. 15607: 15585: 15550:

Systema vegetabilium (14th edition of Systema Naturae)

15079:

Theocritus; Bion; Moschus (1880). Lang, Andrew (ed.).

14691: 13752: 13716: 13503: 13465: 13397: 13359: 12363:"Botanical Dermatology: Occupational Plant Dermatoses" 12355: 11910: 11437: 8974: 8675: 8644: 6971:

Narcissi are one of the most popular garden plants in

5889:

rather than alkaloids. Narcissi are also an important

5536:

agent narciclasine. This usage is also found in later

5140:

with coloured tepals and corona, while its subspecies

4772:, Upper Bavaria. That garden is described in Besler's 3174:

are predominantly tropical or subtropical as a whole,

3119:, can be literally translated as "water fairy", where 21407:

Gold, Sara; Eshel, Amram; Plotnizki, Abraham (2014).

20331:

Diana: The Sonnets and other poems by Henry Constable

20288:

John Gower's poetic : the search for a new Arion

19259:

Narcissus: The cause of 'physiological rust' disorder

17357:

and of cultivated trumpet daffodils (Amaryllidaceae)"

17105:, a Habitat-specialist, Mediterranean Narrow Endemic" 16799:

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

15440:

holds the first place and demands our chief attention

15179:. Frankfurt: S. Feyerabend, H. Dack, & P. Fischer 15078: 15027: 14540:"Dustin Lance Black: Hoover Is the Dark Side of Milk" 13728: 13198:

came to the mead of asphodel, where the spirits dwell

13097: 12436: 11413:

and of cultivated trumpet daffodils (Amaryllidaceae)"

11261: 11251: 11249: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10752: 10750: 10576: 10574: 10572: 9156:"Sur la phylogenie des especes du genre Narcissus L." 9120:

Anales del Instituto Botanico Antonio Jose Cavanilles

8278: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7003: 5390:

may be required, and for severe symptoms intravenous

5344:. Death may result if large quantities are consumed. 3906:

are self-compatible producing mixtures of selfed and

3814:'Paperwhite' form. These are adapted to long-tongued 845:

Close-up of stamen filaments and anthers, with stigma

19915:(1970 ed.). New York: Haskell. pp. 327–330 19159: 18943:

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Bulletin

18821:

Zuckerman, Bert M.; Rohde, Richard A., eds. (1981).

16089:

Lloyd, David G; Barrett, Spencer C.H., eds. (1995).

15413: 15407: 14661: 14597: 12555: 11784: 11750: 11736: 11734: 11357: 10942: 10925: 10872: 10634: 10632: 10473: 10407: 7830: 7580:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 1136. 6525:. This theme of metamorphosis was broader than just 6500:". Virgil also mentions narcissi three times in the 6314:

The decorative use of narcissi dates as far back as

5656:; the plant, however, does not appear in the modern 4760:. After his death in 1598, his plants were moved by 3522:

include both lowland and mountain habitats. Section

2778:(2008) with additional taxa confirmed this pattern. 1536:

demonstrate exceptional floral diversity and sexual

1300:

The three major floral parts (in all species except

1136:, and may (pedicellate) or may not (sessile) have a 979:

of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a

21358:

An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language

20968:. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem 20809:"Legend Of The Chinese Lily (Narcissus Orientalis)" 20558:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 19825:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook

19017:Singh, S. K.; Hodda, M.; Ash, G. J. (August 2013). 18760:Tidona, Christian; Darai, Gholamreza, eds. (2012). 18283:Van Beck, John; Christman, Steve (3 October 2005). 16872:Dana, Michael N.; Lerner, B. Rosie (1 April 2001). 16234:. Pomeroy, WA: Health Research Books. p. 289. 16115: 16066: 15751:Herbert, William (1837). "Suborder 5. Narcisseae". 14568:Greydanus, Steven D. Greydanus (11 November 2011). 14265: 13772: 13770: 13079: 12332:Van Beck, John; Christman, Steve (3 October 2005). 11881: 10532: 10530: 9481:

Narzissen : Osterglocken, Jonquillen, Tazetten

8956: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8584:. Vol. 1. Paris: Treutel et Würtz. p. 138 8575: 5071:The commonest form of commercial propagation is by 3785:

within the corona. The broad perianth allows bees (

2920:. Later, the genus divided into the two subgenera ( 2872:

International Daffodil Register and Classified List

2054:(1753) at which time there were six known species. 1882:has both equally represented. Another exception is 21406: 21123:. International Bulb Society. 2012. Archived from 20727:Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul, eds. (1998). 20710:Kleine Paradiese : Blumen und Gärten im Islam 20650: 20501:(Oxford Edition 1914, edited by Thomas Hutchinson) 19749: 19720: 18495: 18166: 17759: 15422: 15387: 15049: 14020: 12899: 12870: 11768: 11246: 11083: 11037: 10842: 10791: 10747: 10735: 10662: 10650: 10557: 9459: 9295:. Royal Horticultural Society. 23 September 2013. 7956: 6844:Madonna of the Daffodils with the Child and Donors 6759:) on others. The novel was later adapted into the 6652:. Spenser announces the coming of the Daffodil in 6308:Demeter rejoiced, for her daughter was by her side 5332:, then neurological and cardiac events, including 4793:'s daffodil is the wild or true English daffodil ( 4132:More problematic for non-commercial plants is the 3886:) on the whole is enforced through a late-acting ( 3597:thrives best in regions with hot and dry summers. 3407:is located near Lellingen, in the municipality of 3046:wrote that the plant was named for its fragrance ( 1596:The "triandrus" form is seen in only two species, 21423:"Awaji Yumebutai International Conference Center" 19228:Mantell, S.H.; Wheeler, B.E.J. (February 1973). " 18909:McWhorter, Frank P.; Weiss, Freeman (June 1932). 18282: 17687: 16519:, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 16429:Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 16141:The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3 15733:, Josef August; Schultes, Julius Hermann (eds.). 15651: 12948: 12331: 12282: 11985: 11142: 10973: 10878: 10723: 10629: 8686: 8530: 3710:lack of competition for pollinators, and lack of 3526:, although widely naturalised, is endemic to the 2222:De Candolle, in the first systematic taxonomy of 2131:(1875). One of the more controversial genera was 2111:Various authors have adopted either narrow (e.g. 967:, having a single central leafless hollow flower 960:may grow as tall as 80 centimetres (31 in). 319:Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 27:Genus of plants in the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae) 21892: 20996: 20043: 17688:Kornienko, Alexander; Evidente, Antonio (2008). 17225:Graham, S. W.; Barrett, S. C. H. (1 July 2004). 16635:Straley, Gerald B.; Utech, Frederick H. (2003). 16202:Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible 16175:Flower crops : cultivation & management 15942:The Plant-lore & Garden-craft of Shakespeare 14965: 14947: 14238:. Shanghai News and Press Bureau. Archived from 13767: 13497: 13459: 13391: 13353: 12826: 12283:Kornienko, Alexander; Evidente, Antonio (2008). 11681: 10781: 10527: 10395: 9221:"Key to the sections (following Blanchard 1990)" 8873: 8420: 8383: 8353: 8311: 7723:Graham, S. W.; Barrett, S. C. H. (1 July 2004). 6430:of the infernal Gods" incorrectly attributed to 5787:bulbs was found effective in one mouse model of 5481:alkaloids, they have been used for centuries as 2855:Much of the variation lies in the definition of 21339:. Oxford University Press. 2014. Archived from 20826: 19827:. Oregon State University. 2014. Archived from 19238:Transactions of the British Mycological Society 18875:Perry, Roland N.; Moens, Maurice, eds. (2013). 17183: 17034: 17007: 16892:Spaulding, Daniel D.; Barger, T. Wayne (2014). 16891: 16333: 14398: 14396: 14283: 14253: 12747: 12083:. United Kingdom: Royal Horticultural Society. 12072: 12070: 11398: 11396: 10994:Transactions of the British Mycological Society 9409: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9313: 8326:75. Sixteen remedies derived from the Narcissus 7308:should not be confused with the similarly named 6234:, the narcissus is a symbol of beautiful eyes. 5799:. The most-studied alkaloids in this group are 4712:1629. (8. Great Double Yellow Spanish Daffodil) 3329:is found along the entire Mediterranean coast. 490:in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the 30:"Daffodil" redirects here. For other uses, see 20990: 20853: 20726: 20088: 18908: 18820: 18733:King, Andrew M. Q.; et al., eds. (2012). 17981: 17562:"Ancient and Medieval Chemotherapy for Cancer" 17559: 16793:Mcintosh, P. D.; Allen, R. B. (January 1992). 16432:. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Gera: Zezschwitz 16313:. In Kamenetsky, Rina; Okubo, Hiroshi (eds.). 16285:Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm 15890:(2nd ed.). London: Williams & Norgate 15127:William Turner: A New Herball Parts II and III 14984: 14537: 14514:"Hidulah kalian bunga dafodil (sejenis bunga)" 14476: 14464: 14452: 13519: 13492: 13424: 13386: 12835:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 128 12794: 12782: 12567: 12407: 11328:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T161899A5510855.en 11108:Annals of the Entomological Society of America 11101: 10517: 9562: 9375: 9373: 9149: 9147: 9073: 9071: 9069: 8745: 8434: 7787:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–84. 5652:, wounds were treated with narcissus root and 5640:, while the flowers have been recommended for 3975:) which causes green mottling near leaf tips, 3399:where there are still wild stocks in Southern 1289:(curving downwards, then bent up at the tip). 20139: 19257:Fellows, Jane; Hanks, Gordon (October 2007). 18116:Narzissen: Osterglocken, Jonquillen, Tazetten 17730: 17259: 17224: 16792: 16700:(Daffodil Conference and Exhibition): 339–346 16308: 16282:Williams, D. M.; Knapp, Sandra, eds. (2010). 16281: 15858: 15792:Histoire naturelle des végétaux: Phanérogames 15703:. London: Taylor and Hessey. pp. 264–269 15596:. Vol. III (3rd ed.). Paris: Desray 15190: 14631: 13027: 12984: 12635: 12430: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12270: 12003: 11383: 11216: 10713: 10026: 9610:. Royal Horticultural Society. October 2014. 9405: 9403: 8796: 7861: 7722: 7552: 6995: 4849:Although not achieving the sensationalism of 4826:Pseudonarcissus aureus Hispanicus flore pleno 4224:, black slime disease. A combination of both 2279:system is that of Mathew, illustrated here - 2034:). Mediaeval and Renaissance writers include 1747:numbers include 2n=14, 22, 26, with numerous 1565:The "daffodil" form, which includes sections 21187: 20383: 20328:Constable, Henry (1859). Hazlitt, WC (ed.). 20243: 19987:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 19256: 19057:"Occurrence of Narcissus Smoulder Caused by 18055: 16634: 16398: 16261:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 16088: 15850:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 15827:Wilkinson, Caroline Catharine, Lady (1858). 15044: 14393: 13746: 13650: 13648: 13563:. Ann Arbor, MI: Borders Classics. pp. 12942: 12743: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12699: 12496:"Kampo — The Japanese Art of Herbal Healing" 12493: 12067: 11869: 11655: 11493: 11487: 11477: 11393: 10494: 9967: 9965: 9310: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9010: 9008: 9006: 8848: 8654: 8652: 8619: 8617: 8487:International Association for Plant Taxonomy 8239: 8139:The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Vol. 63 7984: 7806: 7607: 5632:, and for drawing out thorns and splinters. 3777:'Daffodil' form. Pollinated by bees seeking 3506:having a lowland distribution, but subgenus 3415:it is found mainly in the nature reserve at 1933:. Fragrance patterns can be correlated with 1720:and 36 seeds, although some species such as 423:has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like 20364: 20345: 20267:Gower, John (1390). Pauli, Reinhold (ed.). 20039:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 20033:Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse, ed. (1889). 19663:spp.) in Japan IV. Tomato black ring virus" 19130: 18847: 18759: 18143:Narcissus and Daffodil: The Genus Narcissus 17880:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17099:Medrano, M.; Herrera, C. M. (12 May 2008). 16443: 15615:. Vol. V (3rd ed.). Paris: Desray 15215:The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes 14692:James, Susan Donaldson (16 November 2011). 13968: 13874: 13692: 13560:Ovid's Metamorphoses in translation. Bk III 13435: 12820: 12046:"Horticultural Classification of Narcissus" 11570: 11232: 11040:"Leaf scorch of Narcissus: progress report" 11018: 11012: 10860: 10615: 10427:"University of Florida IFAS Extension Edis" 10314: 10312: 9906: 9596: 9370: 9144: 9104: 9066: 8658: 8623: 8288: 8286: 8255: 8249: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8106: 7820: 7649: 6498:And Daffodillies fill their Cups with Tears 5663:There is also a long history of the use of 4915:at this time. However, for most species of 3844:. The narrow tube admits only the insect's 3759:, while the highly scented night-flowering 3383:ranges from the Iberian Peninsula, via the 3154: 2995: 1456:). Flower diameter varies from 12 mm ( 1378:Surrounding the floral tube and corona and 778:Narcissus flower, showing erect orientation 21140:"National Daffodil Society of New Zealand" 21050:"DaffSeek – Daffodil Database with Photos" 20912:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 20514: 20443: 20425: 20173:. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. 19285:"Fungal Planet description sheets: 92–106" 18956: 18874: 18361: 17560:John M. Riddle, John M. (September 1985). 17184:Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2011). 17035:Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2008). 17008:Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2005). 16942:Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 16871: 16693:Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 16336:"12. Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)" 16309:Okubo, Hiroshi; Sochacki, Dariusz (2012). 15927:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 15884:Prior, Richard Chandler Alexander (1870). 15522: 15281: 15173:Camerarius, Joachim (The Younger) (1588). 15172: 15030:De materia medica libri quinque. Volume II 14413: 14411: 14233: 14128: 14086:Sammlungen: Mittelalter - Rundgang, Raum 4 14057:"404. Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud" 14014: 13998: 13987: 13711: 13617: 13323: 13203: 13139: 12999: 12997: 12487: 12451: 12369:. The Internet Dermatology Society. 2000. 12325: 12267: 11979: 11904: 11638: 11596: 11500:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 267–268. 11347: 11179: 11025:Daffodil, Snowdrop and Tulip Yearbook 2014 10448: 9579:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 9539: 9537: 9410:Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2008). 9400: 8822: 8713: 8711: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8021: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7040:. Another poet who refers to narcissi, is 6898:Crucifixion, Westfälischer Meister c. 1415 6818:, because they are perennial and bloom at 5648:. In the traditional Japanese medicine of 3577:soils, although some species will grow on 2876:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 1929:, isopentenoids and very small amounts of 1813:. The first alkaloid to be identified was 1581:The "paperwhite" form, including sections 1446:which is green. In addition the corona of 1306:in which the corona is virtually absent - 127: 21314:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 20730:Encyclopedia of Arabic literature, vol. 2 20578: 20405:"Flowers and Their Renaissance Symbolism" 20352:The Complete Works of William Shakespeare 20327: 20270:Confessio Amantis of John Gower, Volume 1 20199:(translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White 1914) 20061: 19884: 19711: 19678: 19647: 19616: 19581: 19566:spp.) in Japan I. Narcissus mosaic virus" 19378: 19308: 19084: 18978: 18706:Fauquet, C.M.; et al., eds. (2005). 18587: 18411: 18262: 18085: 17901: 17891: 17873: 17785: 17713: 17637: 17407: 17372: 17346: 17337: 17327: 17310:Zonneveld, B. J. M. (24 September 2008). 17309: 17242: 17128: 16935:"A monograph of Narcissus, subgenus Ajax" 16854: 16810: 16729: 16254: 15983: 15945:(2nd ed.). London: W Satchell and Co 15935: 15826: 15694: 15589:; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1815a). 15553:. Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich 15255: 15002: 14748: 14598:Baumgarten, Marjorie (11 November 2011). 14292: 14227: 14048: 13907: 13880: 13822: 13806: 13776: 13761: 13722: 13645: 13587: 13550: 13037: 13003: 12734: 12651: 12530: 12308: 12187:. Brent and Becky's Bulbs. Archived from 12158:. Brent and Becky's Bulbs. Archived from 12144: 12038: 11919: 11847: 11837: 11721: 11699: 11531: 11443: 11428: 11402: 11326: 10433:. University of Florida. 17 August 2015. 10431:University of Florida IFAS Extension Edis 10343: 10341: 10067: 9990: 9962: 9900: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9191: 9180: 9153: 9110: 9077: 9057: 9047: 9026: 9003: 8779: 8773: 8751: 8649: 8614: 8504: 8430: 8428: 8364: 8358: 8292: 8164: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7939: 7740: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7367: 7328: 7198:List of Narcissus horticultural divisions 6560:That floats on high o'er Vales and Hills, 5873:in Powys, Wales, to produce galantamine. 5196:List of Narcissus horticultural divisions 4596:Most easy of cultivation is the Narcissus 3609:, which has relatively little limestone, 1677:(splitting between the locules) that are 1644:is inferior (below the floral parts) and 1499:, horizontal (patent, spreading) such as 21354: 20929: 20767:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 20707: 20677: 20645: 20615: 20496:. University of Adelaide. Archived from 20388:. Firenze: Casa Editrice Leo S.Olschki. 20193: 20095:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 20044:McClintock, John; Strong, James (1889). 18995: 18764:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer. 18522: 18220: 18032: 17674: 17427:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 16399:Tutin, T. G.; et al., eds. (1980). 16134: 16070:; Griffiths, Mark; Levy, Margot (1992). 15963: 15725: 15339: 15313:(Abridged ed.). London: Rivington. 14991:(5th ed.). London: J Beecroft et al 14662:von Tunzelmann, Alex (2 February 2012). 14488: 14402: 14387: 14298: 14199: 14197: 14074: 14054: 13795: 13734: 13654: 13524: 13429: 13291: 13259: 13052:. University of Adelaide. Archived from 13043: 12827:McClintock, John; Strong, James (1889). 12713:"'Thalia', White Miniature, Angel Tears" 12597: 12445: 12384: 12013: 11541: 11303:Caldas, F.B.; Moreno Saiz, J.C. (2011). 11267: 11160: 11095: 11038:McCain, A; Pyeatt, L; Pierce, L (1980). 10985: 10413: 10309: 9995: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9738: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9287: 9285: 9113:"L'évolution chez le genre Narcissus L." 8977:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 8916: 8895: 8893: 8768: 8576:Jaume-Saint-Hilaire, Jean Henri (1805). 8398:12. The Narcissus: Three varieties of it 8283: 8228: 8207: 8201: 8073: 7918:) from the Southern Iberian Peninsula". 7836: 7628: 7575: 7405: 7336: 7056:Narcissi in Eastern and Islamic cultures 6579:I gaz'd – and gaz'd – but little thought 6294: 6182: 6079: 5903: 5869:. Daffodils are grown commercially near 5844: 5694: 5240: 5179: 4959:quarterly, a leading trade publication. 3441: 2972: 2952: 2814: 2093: 1773:in which it is 10 or 11; this subgenus ( 635:flower, prior to opening, emerging from 483:", with which it was commonly compared. 459:. The genus arose some time in the Late 331: 324: 303: 20979: 20603:if you ain't as white as a lentern lily 20533: 20487: 20402: 20311: 19951:. Munich: Dölling und Galitz Verlag G. 19944: 19227: 19198: 18705: 18687:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 18645:Botrytis biology, pathology and control 18498:Diseases and pests of ornamental plants 18455: 18167:Kingsbury, Noël; Whitworth, Jo (2013). 18112: 18008: 17955: 17874:Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred (31 May 2013). 17510:International Journal of Plant Sciences 17098: 16932: 16820:Chow, Y (1993). "Basal Plate Tissue in 16685: 16580: 16334:S.J. Enna, S.J.; Norton, Stata (2012). 16165: 15806: 15750: 15482: 15445: 15154: 15096: 15003:Pausanias (1918). Jones, W.H.S. (ed.). 14873: 14500: 14408: 14167: 14165: 14038: 13934: 13913: 13886: 13854: 13688: 13686: 13171: 13107: 13073: 12994: 12904: 12788: 12705: 12573: 12561: 12506: 12234: 12076: 12024:. London: Royal Horticultural Society. 12019: 11816: 11756: 11601: 11553:Carsten Burkhardt's Web Project Paeonia 11449: 11366: 11031: 10991: 10948: 10936: 10552:Berniak, Komorowska & Sochacki 2013 10479: 10096: 10057: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9634:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 9534: 9477: 9471: 9215: 9213: 8962: 8807: 8801: 8717: 8708: 8542: 8536: 8471: 8083: 7920:International Journal of Plant Sciences 7890: 7842: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7450: 7401: 7399: 6581:What wealth the shew to me had brought: 6413:, and by extension, a symbol of death. 6093: 5472: 5231:List of Award of Garden Merit narcissus 5006:resulted in thousands of varieties and 3836:, but also some long-tongued bees, and 3700: 3530:of the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. 3285:occurs on the Northwest African Coast ( 3198:). A few species extend the range into 3032:It is frequently linked to the myth of 2395:Salisbury ex Schultes and Schultes fil. 1937:, and fall into three main groups (see 1695:The fruit contains numerous subglobose 541:The daffodil is the national flower of 427:surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped 14: 21893: 21372: 21065:"International Daffodil Organizations" 20806: 20515:Wordsworth, Chistoper (January 1853). 20284: 20166: 20014: 19978: 19908: 19878: 19694:Iwaki, Mitsuro; Komuro, Yasuo (1974). 19657:Iwaki, Mitsuro; Komuro, Yasuo (1973). 19626:Iwaki, Mitsuro; Komuro, Yasuo (1972). 19591:Iwaki, Mitsuro; Komuro, Yasuo (1971). 19560:Iwaki, Mitsuro; Komuro, Yasuo (1970). 19201:Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 19160:O'Neill, T.M; Mansfield, J.W. (1980). 18493: 18466: 17503:) from the Southern Iberian Peninsula" 16840: 16600: 16369: 16039: 15901: 15768: 15671: 15414:van Kampen & Son, Nicolas (1764). 15349:. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii 15306: 15288:(in Latin). Frankfurt: Matthias Merian 15229: 15211: 15123: 14951:Natural History Book XXI (Volume Four) 14271: 14103: 13929: 13902: 13838: 13297: 13265: 13085: 12932: 12915:. Lancaster University: Ruskin Library 12683: 12667: 12240: 11937:Canadian Nursery Landscape Association 11800: 11671: 11627: 11466: 11455: 11273: 10896: 10347: 10338: 10160: 10131: 10125: 9758: 9684: 9652: 9650: 9504: 9465: 8927: 8921: 8425: 8388: 8031: 7998: 7967: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7689: 7671:Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder 7444: 7377: 7344: 7273: 7102:symbolising the eye in Islamic culture 6592:And then my heart with pleasure fills, 6571:The waves beside them danced, but they 5908:Daffodil production in the Netherlands 5616:. In the eighteenth century the Irish 5540:, North African, Central American and 4674:Eden: Or, a Compleat Body of Gardening 3355:have the largest distribution ranges. 2943: 2844:Estimates of the number of species in 2237:, as modified by Blanchard (1990) and 1348:arises above the apex of the inferior 431:. The flowers are generally white and 21498: 21497: 21421: 21306: 20760: 20551: 20467: 20266: 20249: 20115: 19972: 19926: 19857: 19800: 19777: 19693: 19656: 19625: 19590: 19559: 19432: 19401: 19332: 19282: 19101: 19016: 18680: 18608: 18557: 18473:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 18414:"Peter Barr – The King of Daffoldils" 18343:. Dryad Nursery. 2014. Archived from 18242: 18139: 18092:. Surrey, UK: Alpine Garden Society. 16959: 16738: 16711: 16425: 16225: 16205:. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis Ltd. 16171: 15883: 15788: 15564: 15542: 15516: 15421:(translated (Harrison) from French: ( 15300: 14798: 14371: 14355: 14339: 14323: 14194: 14026: 13777:Burbidge, Frederick William (1875a). 13623: 13556: 12910: 12875: 12846: 12397:BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database 12173: 12132:from the original on February 7, 2019 12108: 11960: 11925: 11291: 11255: 11089: 10960: 10915: 10848: 10804: 10756: 10741: 10682: 10623: 10599: 10580: 10563: 10318: 10281: 10275: 10166: 9971: 9895: 9844: 9742: 9729: 9449: 9282: 9278:American Horticultural Society (1966) 9244: 9238: 9196:. Surrey, UK: Alpine Garden Society. 8899: 8890: 8843: 8816: 8752:Burbidge, Frederick William (1875b). 8698: 8394: 8322: 8316: 8062: 8035:Classification of the genus Narcissus 7578:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants 7515: 7434: 7116:in popular culture, from Dutch cars ( 6573:Outdid the sparkling waves in glee: – 6225: 3913: 3840:, all of which are primarily seeking 3323:, but also on the Iberian Peninsula. 3255: 3102: 2085:(as in the illustration seen here of 2073:in 1805, corresponding to the modern 1892:, and the commonest monoterpenes are 1414:to the elongated trumpets of section 987:, then an outer ring composed of six 21855:90f9029c-fbed-408f-8f1c-cf88f9947855 21780:f5a0ba19-f450-4390-bc2c-398b74bb4c2d 21312: 20403:Sparrow, Lady Amie (November 2007). 20273:(1857 ed.). Bell and Daldy 1857 20215: 20068:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 20032: 19522: 19463: 19054: 18934: 18732: 18647:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 18642: 18470:Pest and Disease Management Handbook 18412:Libertiny, Susan (5 February 2013). 18301: 18089:Narcissus: a guide to wild daffodils 18033:Burbidge, Frederick William (1875). 17361:Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 17145: 16986: 16962:"Narcissus species and wild hybrids" 16819: 16714:"The history of the garden Narcissi" 16546:Flora vascular de Andalucía oriental 16499: 16198: 16178:. New Delhi: New India Pub. Agency. 16144:. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 16012: 15957: 15908:The Villa Gardener vol. 7 (December) 15388:van Kampen et fils, Nicolas (1760). 15364: 14902: 14848: 14823: 14773: 14203: 14162: 14141:Collection: Paintings and sculptures 14088:. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne. 14063:. Berlin: V. Runge. pp. 779–782 13962: 13683: 13332:"MENIPPUS: A NECROMANTIC EXPERIMENT" 13016: 12574:Rhoades, Heather (18 October 2013). 11991: 11853: 11740: 11417:Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 11148: 10979: 10884: 10729: 10638: 10401: 10323:. Hereford Cathedral. Archived from 10173:Pocket Fowler's Modern English usage 10020: 9789: 9247:"Narcissus species and wild hybrids" 9210: 9194:Narcissus: a guide to wild daffodils 8968: 8884: 8676:De Lamarck & De Candolle (1815b) 8645:De Lamarck & De Candolle (1815a) 8543:Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1789). 7780: 7562: 7396: 5604:. The French used the flowers as an 4955:which was founded in 1954 publishes 4764:to the gardens they had designed at 3923: 2785:(2008) sought to reduce some of the 21263:"Bulb flower production: Narcissus" 21189:"Overview of the Narcissus Species" 21080: 20122:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 20015:Singer, Samuel Weller, ed. (1846). 19866:. Association of Applied Biologists 19815: 19804:. Royal Horticultural Society. 2014 19466:"Characterisation of an isolate of 18793: 18712:. Oxford: Elsevier/Academic Press. 18612:European Handbook of Plant Diseases 18527:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 18435: 18389:. Van Engelen. 2014. Archived from 18265:"Spring Flowering Bulbs: Daffodils" 18223:"A Close-up View of the "Daffodil"" 18119:. Stuttgart (Hohenheim): E. Ulmer. 17347:Zonneveld, B. J. M. (8 July 2010). 17291:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 16843:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 16748:The American Horticultural Magazine 16660:Florabase: Western Australian Flora 16654: 16444:Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (1996). 14538:Kinser, Jeremy (14 November 2011). 14432:Urdu for Pleasure for Ghazal Lovers 14134: 13627:Ovid's Fasti in translation. Book V 13098:Theocritus, Bion & Moschus 1880 12213:"Pupils ill after bulb put in soup" 11687: 11314:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 11191: 11132: 11073: 10832: 10816: 10536: 10288:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 9647: 9484:. Stuttgart (Hohenheim): E. Ulmer. 9382:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 8605:Redouté & De Candolle 1805–1808 8569: 7757: 7576:Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). 7276:, Rees A.R. Narcissus, pp. 268–271) 6903: 6568:Ten thousand dancing in the breeze. 6459:. A similar account is provided by 6451:described the underworld as having 5430:in the hands, often accompanied by 4018:Less host specific viruses include 3984:Narcissus late season yellows virus 3963:Narcissus mottling-associated virus 3502:association, for instance subgenus 373:Perianth: 6 tepals in 2 whorls of 3 24: 21244:"International Flower Bulb Centre" 20863:The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1 20787: 20196:"Homerica: The Cypria (fragments)" 19764:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1988.tb03330.x 19700:Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 19667:Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 19659:"Viruses Isolated from Narcissus ( 19636:Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 19628:"Viruses Isolated from Narcissus ( 19605:Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 19593:"Viruses Isolated from Narcissus ( 19570:Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 19562:"Viruses Isolated from Narcissus ( 18881:(2nd ed.). Boston, MA: CABI. 18370:. The Plant Expert. Archived from 17218: 17001:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01817.x 16603:"Flora silvestre del Mediterráneo" 16288:. University of California Press. 15523:Perthensis, Encyclopaedia (1806). 15101:. In Edmonds, John Maxwell (ed.). 14360:Awaji Tachikawa Narcissus Farmland 14259: 14173:"Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis" 13602:. The Latin Library. p. 201. 13535:. The Latin Library. p. 509. 13329: 12900:Gold, Eshel & Plotnizki (2014) 12883:"Endangered and Protected Species" 12871:Gold, Eshel & Plotnizki (2014) 12605:"Daffodil drug's major investment" 12532:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06121.x 12367:Electronic Textbook of Dermatology 11821:The Gardiner's new Director p. 304 10260: 10201: 9690: 9159:Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana II 8755:Haworth's arrangement of Narcissus 7107: 6966: 6761:1947 British film of the same name 6708: 6689:writers none is better known than 6667:who frequently uses flower imagery 6627: 6566:Along the Lake, beneath the trees, 6544: 6116:, usually at a minimum of several 5876: 5807:, narciclasine, and pretazettine. 5417: 4816:In the early seventeenth century, 4241:Fungi affecting the roots include 3056: 2628:(A. Fernandes) F.J Fernándes-Casas 2161:system. Within Amaryllidaceae the 1802:As with all Amarylidaceae genera, 1408:) or the rudimentary structure in 1352:, its base forming the hypanthial 399:of predominantly spring flowering 370:Bracteate, Actinomorphic, Bisexual 25: 21957: 21921:Extant Chattian first appearances 21449: 20334:. London: Basil Montagu Pickering 20050:. New York: Harper & Brothers 19933:. Cambridge University Press 1912 19367:Journal of Horticultural Research 18959:"Infection of Narcissus Roots by 18502:(5th ed.). New York: Wiley. 17553: 16739:Meyer, Frederick G (April 1961). 15681:Encyclopaedia Londinensis vol. 16 14632:Hornaday, Ann (9 November 2011). 14303:. Frankfurt am Main: Insel-Verl. 13209: 13177: 13145: 13113: 11882:Huxley, Griffiths & Levy 1992 11461:A New Herball - The Seconde Parte 11403:Zonneveld, B.J.M. (8 July 2010). 11279: 10321:"The Cathedral Gardens in Spring" 9865: 9805:Shorter Oxford English dictionary 8727:(2nd ed.). London: Ridgway. 7677:from the original on July 7, 2018 7150:come alive with blooms each May ( 7146:, Switzerland and its associated 6600:William Wordsworth (1804 version) 6245:. In Germany the wild narcissus, 6151: 5753:acetylcholine esterase inhibitory 5175: 4897:) is the fifth most important – " 4431:Planted bulbs are susceptible to 3894:system, but some species such as 1792: 1648:(three chambered) and there is a 1121:plants have one to several basal 407:. Various common names including 381:Ovary: Superior – 3 fused carpels 21916:Chattian genus first appearances 21481: 21469: 21455: 21205: 21097:"Daffodil cultivar registration" 20829:"The legend of the Chinese lily" 20712:. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder. 19985:A Dictionary of Literary Symbols 19102:Hanks, G.R. (1996). "Control of 18824:Plant Parasitic Nematodes vol. 3 18800:. London: Taylor & Francis. 18200: 18039:. London: L. Reeve & Company 17472:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02526.x 17439:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01138.x 17274:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01183.x 16095:. New York: Chapman & Hall. 16043:CRC Handbook of flowering vol. I 16040:Halevy, Abraham H., ed. (1985). 15456:(5th ed.). Dublin: Exshaw. 15103:Moschus. The Greek Bucolic Poets 14808:. Cancer Society (New Zealand). 14715: 14685: 14655: 14625: 14591: 14561: 14531: 14506: 14437: 14420: 13593: 13530: 13235: 12913:"Ruskin and the Persephone Myth" 11296: 10668: 10663:Mowat, Duncan & Dawson 1988b 10651:Mowat, Duncan & Dawson 1988a 10609: 10458:. Nordrhein-Westfalen-Stiftung. 9773:Etymological Dictionary of Greek 9517:"Daffodil cultivar registration" 9350:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02526.x 8989:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01138.x 8582:Exposition de familles naturales 8516:. Déterville. pp. 192–195. 8329:. H. G. Bohn. pp. 367–368. 7876:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01183.x 7354: 7321: 7296: 7205:– Narcissus cultivars given the 7090: 7074: 7062: 6891: 6872: 6851: 6832: 6470: 6333: 6120:. The most famous display is at 6065:cultivar bulbs in 2003, and the 5477:Despite the lethal potential of 5217: 5200:For horticultural purposes, all 4982: 4971: 4924:Magna cura non indigent Narcissi 4697: 4681: 4656: 4640: 4615: 4593:Magna cura non indigent Narcissi 3770: 2754: 2735: 2694: 2664: 2604: 2578: 2525: 2496: 2467: 2439: 2403: 2373: 2335: 1938: 1826:types identified in the family, 1670:The fruit consists of dehiscent 1559: 1526: 1453: 1452:has a red crenulate margin (see 1434: 1405: 1307: 1215: 898: 884: 861: 838: 815: 785: 771: 748: 725: 706: 672: 647: 624: 587: 562: 403:plants of the amaryllis family, 294: 149: 55: 21020:"The American Daffodil Society" 20889:International Plant Names Index 20827:Anonymous (12 September 1946). 20522:. Vol. 92. pp. 96–124 20432:. Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme 20384:D'Ancona, Mirella Levi (1977). 20140:Markantonatos, Andreas (2002). 19743:10.17660/ActaHortic.1988.234.24 19351:10.17660/ActaHortic.1996.432.21 19186:10.17660/ActaHortic.1980.109.57 18327:"Daffodil Festivals and Fields" 18243:Kraft, Rachel (30 April 2001). 18021:(2nd ed.). London: Ridgway 17963:. National Institutes of Health 17941:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.002 17859:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.010 17316:Plant Systematics and Evolution 16319:. CRC Press. pp. 103–108. 16046:. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. 15489:. London: B. White & Sons. 15427:(2nd ed.). London: Baldwin 14930: 14916:from the original on 2014-08-21 14891:from the original on 2011-01-23 14862:from the original on 2014-10-25 14837:from the original on 2000-08-15 14812:from the original on 2014-10-26 14787:from the original on 2014-11-21 14762:from the original on 2014-11-17 14737:from the original on 2016-08-06 14704:from the original on 2016-06-21 14674:from the original on 2016-08-17 14614:from the original on 2016-08-08 14580:from the original on 2016-03-25 14550:from the original on 2016-08-15 14443:Hanafi & Schnitzler, p. 75. 14216:from the original on 2015-09-07 14183:from the original on 2014-04-08 14111:"The Daffodils of Resurrection" 14092:from the original on 2015-05-11 13951:from the original on 2014-10-18 13634:from the original on 2012-09-13 13606:from the original on 2012-09-13 13539:from the original on 2014-07-02 13482:from the original on 2018-12-27 13448:from the original on 2014-10-25 13414:from the original on 2018-12-27 13376:from the original on 2018-12-27 13342:from the original on 2015-09-24 12967:from the original on 2014-10-10 12889:from the original on 2014-10-25 12860:from the original on 2014-10-13 12723:from the original on 2015-09-24 12615:from the original on 2008-11-02 12586:from the original on 2014-10-06 12373:from the original on 2015-05-24 12344:from the original on 2014-10-25 12223:from the original on 2009-05-08 12097:from the original on 2014-11-10 12056:from the original on 2014-09-11 11943:from the original on 2014-10-14 11707:. The Daffodil. pp. 67–108 11617:from the original on 2014-10-28 11586:from the original on 2014-10-16 11559:from the original on 2014-10-14 11056:from the original on 2014-11-29 10462:from the original on 2015-04-29 10437:from the original on 2016-03-20 10419: 10371: 10360:from the original on 2014-11-11 10298:from the original on 2014-10-10 10254: 10230: 10216: 10195: 10114:from the original on 2014-11-29 10085:from the original on 2014-11-08 10040:from the original on 2014-11-01 9980:from the original on 2014-10-27 9938: 9927:from the original on 2014-01-02 9885:from the original on 2016-03-04 9752: 9705: 9625: 9614:from the original on 2014-10-20 9551:from the original on 2014-10-14 9547:. Royal Horticultural Society. 9523:from the original on 2014-10-06 9519:. Royal Horticultural Society. 9432:from the original on 2014-10-20 9299:from the original on 2014-09-10 9267:from the original on 2015-12-08 9227:from the original on 2014-10-23 9133:from the original on 2015-09-24 9036:Plant Systematics and Evolution 8862:from the original on 2014-09-11 8858:. Royal Horticultural Society. 8833:from the original on 2014-11-01 8734:from the original on 2014-09-14 8634:from the original on 2018-04-02 8520:from the original on 2014-03-04 8373:from the original on 2014-10-18 8343:from the original on 2018-08-16 8301:from the original on 2014-10-19 8268:from the original on 2016-01-13 8218:from the original on 2014-11-01 8052:from the original on 2014-01-03 7659: 7463:from the original on 2015-05-06 7279: 6985: 6802:, particularly those depicting 6669:, refers to daffodils twice in 6594:And dances with the Daffodils. 6590:Which is the bliss of solitude, 6588:They flash upon that inward eye 6441:, describes fragrant narcissi. 6077:was estimated at £10m in 2007. 6059:which exported 25 million 5840: 5304:The toxic effects of ingesting 5268: 5213:International Daffodil Register 5206:the Royal Horticultural Society 4502: 4435:, the most serious of which is 4399:(the common swift moth) attack 3293:), as well as the coastline of 3159: 2793:was monophyletic, Santos-Gally 1854:in the leaves and plant stems. 1390:, and the three inner segments 1278: 1159: 21819:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1558-1 21376:The English dialect dictionary 21213:"Flower Bulb Research Program" 20815:. The Rural Publishing Company 20625:. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. 20488:Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1820). 20262:– via Project Gutenberg. 20092:The natural history of Pompeii 20008: 19885:Anonymous (May–October 1887). 19844:"Virus Taxonomy: 2013 Release" 19451:10.17660/ActaHortic.1971.23.47 18523:Gratwick, Marion, ed. (1992). 18494:Pirone, Pascal Pompey (1978). 18443:. University of Virginia. 2007 18387:"Narcissus Horticultural Tips" 18221:Johnston, Brian (April 2007). 18146:. London: Taylor and Francis. 16878:Purdue Extension: Horticulture 16812:10.1080/01140671.1992.10422321 16767:American Horticultural Society 16741:"Exploring for Wild Narcissus" 16674: 16662:. Western Australian Herbarium 16120:. London: Dorling Kindersley. 15503:2027/ncs1.ark:/13960/t25b0nj3t 15130:. Cambridge University Press. 15117: 14941: 14833:. Cancer Council (Australia). 14204:Todt, Donn L. (January 2012). 13945:(Skip any introductory screen) 13697:"I wandered lonely as a Cloud" 12750:Journal of Experimental Botany 12461:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 11549:"Camerarius, J. (the younger)" 11497:The Cultural History of Plants 10677:"Narcissus tip necrosis virus" 10522:Longidorus transmitted viruses 10348:Morgan, Theresa (March 2012). 10138:Garner's Modern American Usage 10081:. Cambridge University Press. 9913:. Springer. pp. 225–226. 9604:"Botanical names in the genus 9093:. Vol. 33. pp. 37–66 8032:Mathew, B (2 September 2003). 7285:Prior here refers to the poet 7238: 6771:typified by Waterhouse in his 6751:and the effect of the perfume 6584:For oft when on my couch I lie 6562:When all at once I saw a crowd 6135: 6112:, which are only available at 5688: 5636:bulbs have also been used for 5236: 5066: 4754:Joachim Camerarius the Younger 4581: 4575: 4285:) responsible for green mold. 4238:causes neck rot in the bulbs. 3730: 3705:). Like many bulb plants from 3639:trees with well-drained soil. 3086: 2781:A large molecular analysis by 2211:The infrageneric phylogeny of 2206: 2135:, but today it is included in 2046:to formally describe and name 2031: 1970:Schultes & Schultes fil., 1739: 1418:(trumpet daffodils, Table I). 1336:(paraperigon, paraperigonium). 548: 13: 1: 21460:The dictionary definition of 21429:, Japan. 2006. Archived from 21161:. Alpine Garden Society. 2011 21084:. Royal Horticultural Society 20764:How to read Chinese paintings 20429:Poems in Two Volumes, VOL. II 20365:Shakespeare, William (1634). 20346:Shakespeare, William (1623). 20216:West, Martin L., ed. (2003). 20146:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 19864:Descriptions of Plant Viruses 19787:UC Pest Management Guidelines 19771: 19250:10.1016/S0007-1536(73)80056-7 18957:Mor, M.; Spiegel, Y. (1993). 18902: 18762:The Springer index of viruses 18065:. London: Barre & Sonne. 17620:10.1016/S1099-4831(06)63003-4 17199:(26): 239–248. Archived from 16960:Meyer, F. G. (January 1966). 16926: 16865:10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00059-8 16686:Krelage, JH (17 April 1890). 16641:Flora of North America vol 26 15632:De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus 15470:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6445sk1k 15327:2027/uma.ark:/13960/t44q8633p 15048:(1916) . Hort, Arthur (ed.). 14376:Nada Kurokawa Narcissus Field 14005:, Issue 183, January, p. 112. 13969:Wordsworth, William (1807b). 13693:Wordsworth, William (1807a). 12806:(King James Version ed.) 12251:10.1016/S0099-9598(08)60208-4 11106:Rond. (Syrphidae, Diptera)". 11006:10.1016/s0007-1536(39)80013-4 10079:Cambridge Dictionaries online 9245:Meyer, F. G. (January 1966). 8903:Review of the genus Narcissus 8264:. pp. 302–303, IV: 158. 8147:10.1016/S1099-4831(06)63003-4 8038:. CRC Press. pp. 30–52. 7390: 7112:The word "daffodil" has been 6618:, with poems by authors from 6586:In vacant or in pensive mood, 6338:The narcissus appears in two 5025: 4929:Narcissi became an important 4499:also cause damage to growth. 4463:spp. or needle nematodes and 4332:lesions on leaves and stems. 4263:(black mold), and species of 4001:Narcissus yellow streak virus 3996:Narcissus yellow stripe virus 3958:Narcissus common latent virus 3647: 1857: 1208:(see illustration, left) and 1043: 336: 21400: 21191:. Pacific Bulb Society. 2014 21176:. Pacific Bulb Society. 2014 21121:Gallery of the world's bulbs 20847: 20708:Schimmel, Annemarie (2001). 20444:Wordsworth, Dorothy (1802). 20426:Wordsworth, William (1807). 20203:Internet Sacred Text Archive 19468:Narcissus degeneration virus 19326: 19124:10.1016/0261-2194(96)00023-3 18827:. Oxford: Elsevier Science. 18787: 18588:Dreistadt, Steve H. (2001). 18405: 17982:Atta-ur-Rahman, ed. (1998). 16655:Gathe, J; Watson, L (2008). 16426:Thomé, Otto Wilhelm (1903). 16019:. Oxford: Elsevier Science. 15859:Salisbury, Richard Anthony; 15795:. Vol. 12. Paris: Roret 15775:London Encyclopaedia vol. 15 15769:Curtis, Thomas, ed. (1839). 14936: 14634:"Editorial Review: J. Edgar" 10873:O'Neill & Mansfield 1980 10224:Oxford Dictionary of English 9907:Nigel Groom (30 June 1997). 9091:Daffodil and Tulip Year Book 8856:"Segregate and other genera" 8279:Dioscuridis Anazarbei (1906) 7380:), previously classified as 7289:, but it is likely he meant 7137: 7032:). As described by the poet 6864:Undergrowth with Two Figures 6719: 6696:I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 6564:A host of dancing Daffodils; 6558:I wandered lonely as a Cloud 6551:I wandered lonely as a Cloud 6419:the flower of imminent death 6290: 5885:, a quality that comes from 5600:, in the form of a syrup or 5369: 4993:Narcissi are now popular as 4586: 4012:Narcissus white streak virus 4006:Narcissus tip necrosis virus 3978:Narcissus degeneration virus 2993:The derivation of the Latin 2948: 2881: 1797: 1652:with a minutely three lobed 684:showing from top to bottom, 7: 21101:Royal Horticultural Society 21067:. American Daffodil Society 21052:. American Daffodil Society 21037:. American Daffodil Society 20991:Societies and organisations 20579:Masefield, Richard (2014). 20419: 20062:Zimmerman, Clayton (1994). 20021:. London: William Pickering 18848:Ravichandra, N. G. (2014). 18794:Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). 18467:Alford, David, ed. (2000). 18310:(in French). Archived from 18194: 17809:Journal of Natural Products 17766:Journal of Natural Products 17733:Journal of Natural Products 17186:"Narcissorum Notulae, XXXI" 16679: 16255:Mabberley, David J (2008). 15032:. Berlin: Apud Weidmannos. 14912:. Canadian Cancer Society. 14881:"The Great Daffodil Appeal" 14783:. American Cancer Society. 14299:Beuchert, Marianne (1995). 14059:. In Crüger, Johann (ed.). 12123:Royal Horticultural Society 12050:Royal Horticultural Society 10268:Online Etymology Dictionary 10209:Online Etymology Dictionary 10167:Allen, Robert, ed. (2008). 10110:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 9698:Online Etymology Dictionary 8797:Salisbury & Gray (1866) 8401:. H. G. Bohn. p. 316. 8367:"Naturalis Historia xxi:14" 8295:"Naturalis Historia xxi:75" 7207:Royal Horticultural Society 7185: 7004: 6577:In such a laughing company: 6575:A poet could not but be gay 6306:surrounded by daffodils - " 6275: 6223: 6193:, considered a grave flower 5263: 5223:Royal Horticultural Society 5082: 4945:Royal Horticultural Society 4854: 4521:describes five species as ' 4251:), a cause of root rot and 4033:Narcissus symptomless virus 3973:Narcissus mild mottle virus 3698: 3533: 3074: 2868:Royal Horticultural Society 2852:had described 150 species. 2258:Royal Horticultural Society 1944: 1925:. Other ingredient include 1656:and filiform (thread like) 1344:(perigon, perigonium). The 1038: 1023:) releasing numerous black 10: 21962: 21941:Regional symbols of Fujian 21337:Oxford dictionaries online 20917:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 20813:The American Garden vol XI 20761:Hearn, Maxwell K. (2008). 20754: 20657:. Univ Of North Carolina. 20540:(1919 ed.). Gutenberg 20371:Classic Literature Library 20314:"The Shepheardes Calender" 20167:Cyrino, Monica S. (2010). 19713:10.3186/jjphytopath.40.344 19680:10.3186/jjphytopath.39.279 19649:10.3186/jjphytopath.38.137 19618:10.3186/jjphytopath.37.108 19077:10.4489/MYCO.2007.35.4.235 19048: 18739:. London: Academic Press. 18699: 18558:Horst, R. Kenneth (2013). 18460: 18015:Narcissinearum Monographia 17231:American Journal of Botany 15937:Ellacombe, Henry Nicholson 15910:. London. pp. 394–396 15777:. London. pp. 449–451 15739:. Stuttgardt: J. G. Cottae 15683:. London. pp. 576–580 15404:translated into English as 15282:Lauremberg, Peter (1632). 14477:Meisami & Starkey 1998 14465:Meisami & Starkey 1998 14453:Meisami & Starkey 1998 13436:John Milton, John (1637). 13305:. In Harmon, A. M. (ed.). 13273:. In Harmon, A. M. (ed.). 13247:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 13134:over the field of asphodel 12783:Jashemski & Meyer 2002 12181:"Division 14 - Miniatures" 11676:i. caps 75–76, pp. 108–116 11047:California Plant Pathology 10518:Zuckerman & Rohde 1981 10238: 9946: 9767: 9713: 9658: 9584:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 9293:"Botanical Classification" 8721:Narcissinearum Monographia 8513:Des familles et des tribus 8437:American Journal of Botany 7729:American Journal of Botany 7417:. Vol. 1. p. 289 7081:Chinese decorative carved 6178: 6171: 6167: 6127: 5849:Daffodils growing in Wales 5509:, a practice continued by 5293:derivatives combined with 5193: 4997:for gardens, parks and as 4249:Cylindrocarpon destructans 4218:) cause bulb soft rot and 4113:Pectobacterium carotovorum 3642: 3451:growing in Međulići, near 3163: 3145:official provincial flower 3095: 3048: 3003: 2808: 2804: 2159:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1955: 1948: 1325:(ii) the surrounding free 1281:). The flower symmetry is 923: 822:Tazetta cultivar, showing 29: 21936:National symbols of Wales 21506: 20244:Mediaeval and Renaissance 20118:"Homer's Asphodel Meadow" 19945:Krausch, Heinz D (2012). 19752:Annals of Applied Biology 19583:10.3186/jjphytopath.36.81 19537:10.1007/s00705-006-0801-4 19494:10.1007/s00705-006-0841-9 18973:(3, September): 476–479. 18936:"Narcissus pests, 6th ed" 18770:10.1007/978-0-387-95919-1 18653:10.1007/978-1-4020-2626-3 18609:Smith, I.M., ed. (1988). 18533:10.1007/978-94-011-1490-5 18437:"John Gerard (1545–1612)" 18263:Trinklein, David (2007). 18086:Blanchard, J. W. (1990). 18059:; Burbidge, F.W. (1884). 17329:10.1007/s00606-008-0015-1 17303:10.1016/j.bse.2007.12.010 17084:10.1007/s12224-009-9040-2 17050:: 547–558. Archived from 17010:"Narcissorum notulae, VI" 15809:"Narcissus angustifolius" 15587:De Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 15531:. Perth. pp. 565–566 15408:van Kampen & Son 1764 15394:(in French). Harlem: Bohn 15230:Besler, Basilius (1613). 15155:Clusius, Carolus (1576). 15150:Rare Book Room Spread 188 14910:"What is Daffodil Month?" 14731:Springfield! Springfield! 13917:Divination by a Daffadill 13781:"Poetry of the Narcissus" 13630:. Poetry in Translation. 13624:Kline, Anthony S (2004). 13557:Kline, Anthony S (2004). 13217:. In Murray, A.T. (ed.). 13185:. In Murray, A.T. (ed.). 13153:. In Murray, A.T. (ed.). 13121:. In Murray, A.T. (ed.). 12951:"Homeric Hymn to Demeter" 12636:Okubo & Sochacki 2012 12004:Okubo & Sochacki 2012 11870:Barr & Burbidge (1884 11785:van Kampen & Son 1764 11610:Classis vernae: Narcissus 11384:Okubo & Sochacki 2012 11282:Commercial production of 11217:Okubo & Sochacki 2012 10714:Okubo & Sochacki 2012 10284:"Homer's Asphodel Meadow" 9394:10.1016/j.bse.2007.12.010 9192:Blanchard, J. W. (1990). 9165:: 113–190. Archived from 9049:10.1007/s00606-008-0015-1 8395:Pliny, The Elder (1856). 8365:Gaius Plinius, Secundus. 8323:Pliny, The Elder (1856). 8293:Gaius Plinius, Secundus. 8211:Narcissus, Vol. VII, pt.2 7553:Okubo & Sochacki 2012 7349:vol 3 H–L, Lentren p. 575 7193:List of Narcissus species 7157: 7120:) to Swedish rock bands ( 6996: 6496:makes a similar analogy " 5865:and is active within the 5562:listed narcissus root in 5320:, acute abdominal pains, 5134:Narcissus pseudonarcissus 4953:American Daffodil Society 4809:and the west of England. 4768:, the bishop's palace at 4574:. These areas often host 4413:Steneotarsonemus laticeps 4406:Other arthropods include 4355:such as three species of 4232:Stagonosporopsis curtisii 3811:causes cross pollination. 3701:§ Pests and diseases 3612:Narcissus pseudonarcissus 3423:, where in the spring at 3403:. The only occurrence in 3166:List of Narcissus species 3134: 3124: 2838:Encyclopaedia Londinensis 2811:List of Narcissus species 2567: 2552: 2543: 2461:(A. Fernandes) D. A. Webb 2420: 2312: 2284:Table I: Subdivisions of 2142:The eventual position of 2057: 1990:ancient Greeks and Romans 1872:, with a small amount of 1850:and low molecular weight 1602:(a Moroccan endemic) and 1578:coloured to pale yellow. 1087:of the second true leaf. 718:, showing reflexed tepals 353: 346: 292: 287: 272: 265: 146:Scientific classification 144: 135: 126: 41: 32:Daffodil (disambiguation) 21409:"Wild Flowers of Israel" 20980:Stevens, P. F. (2015) , 20609: 20312:Spenser, Edmund (1579). 19979:Ferber, Michael (2007). 19470:from Chinese narcissus ( 19301:10.3767/003158511X617561 19118:(6 September): 549–558. 18961:Aphelenchoides subtenuis 18851:Horticultural Nematology 18797:The biology of nematodes 18636: 18140:Hanks, Gordon R (2002). 18113:Erhardt, Walter (1993). 17975: 17159:Acta Botanica Malacitana 17037:"Narcissorum notulae, X" 16688:"On Polyanthus Narcissi" 16363: 16013:Rees, A.R., ed. (1972). 15547:, Johann Andreas (ed.). 15543:Linné, Carl von (1784). 15256:Parkinson, John (1629). 15015:Harvard University Press 14858:. Irish Cancer Society. 14426:Naravane, V. S. (1999), 13942:"Wordsworth's Daffodils" 13914:Herrick, Robert (1846). 13887:Herrick, Robert (1846). 13747:Barr & Burbidge 1884 12700:Fellows & Hanks 2007 11656:Barr & Burbidge 1884 11613:. 1640. pp. 50–56. 11478:Barr & Burbidge 1884 11459:(1562). "Of Narcissus". 11237:Stem and bulb nematode ( 10618:"Narcissus latent virus" 10495:Lloyd & Barrett 1995 10379:"福建省省花/省树/省石-传统文化-炎黄风俗网" 9910:The New Perfume Handbook 9478:Erhardt, Walter (1993). 9412:"Narcissorum notulae, X" 8531:A. P. de Candolle (1813) 7985:Lloyd & Barrett 1995 7608:Straley & Utech 2003 7459:. Académie de Besançon. 7341:Care Sonday vol I p. 284 7232: 6277: 5833:repellant properties of 5608:, the Arabs the oil for 5524:(A.D. 23–79), advocated 5256:corona is classified as 4856: 4444:Aphelenchoides subtenuis 4369:, the lesser bulb flies 4305:Ramularia vallisumbrosae 4179:Sclerotinia narcissicola 4021:Raspberry ringspot virus 3455:, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3417:Perlenbach-Fuhrtsbachtal 3155:Distribution and habitat 2008:, probably referring to 1979: 868:Longitudinal section of 602:emerging, with sheathed 21373:Wright, Joseph (1905). 21355:Jamieson, John (1879). 20788:Hu, William C. (1989). 20585:. Red Door Publishing. 20534:Housman, A. E. (1896). 20520:London Quarterly Review 20367:"The Two Noble Kinsmen" 19909:Graves, Robert (1949). 19010:10.1163/187529256X00041 18911:"Diseases of Narcissus" 18854:. New Delhi: Springer. 18684:British Parasitic Fungi 18564:. Dordrecht: Springer. 17988:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 17957:"Galanthamine CID 9651" 17460:Journal of Biogeography 17353:Gouan in the origin of 17171:10.24310/abm.v35i0.2860 16828:. 71 may (5): 437–443. 16771:"The Daffodil Handbook" 16621:Flora of China: Vol. 24 16581:Cebrian, Jordi (2014). 16199:Duke, James A. (2007). 16118:RHS Plant Guides: Bulbs 15976:Encyclopædia Britannica 15833:. London: J. Van Voorst 15807:Burnett, M. A. (1850). 15789:Spach, Edouard (1846). 15495:10.5962/bhl.title.16498 15483:Maddock, James (1792). 15462:10.5962/bhl.title.26951 15423:van Kampen et fils 1760 15319:10.5962/bhl.title.28437 15307:Miller, Philip (1735). 15243:10.5962/bhl.title.45339 15010:Perseus Digital Library 15005:"Description of Greece" 14972:Perseus Digital Library 14885:Marie Curie Cancer Care 14145:Staatsgalerie Stuttgart 14055:Gerhardt, Paul (1653). 13596:"Fasti: Book V: May 2, 13533:"Metamorphosis: Book 3" 13442:The Milton Reading Room 13307:Μένιππος ἢ Νεκυομαντεία 13275:Μένιππος ἢ Νεκυομαντεία 12961:, University of Houston 12949:Gregory Nagy (trans.). 12795:Book of Isaiah (1611). 12077:Kington, Sally (2014). 12020:Kington, Sally (1998). 11857:The Daffodil Conference 11769:van Kampen et fils 1760 11409:Gouan in the origin of 10966:Sclerotinia polyblastis 10861:Hanks & Carder 2003 10319:Evans, Anthony (2009). 9674:A Greek–English Lexicon 9338:Journal of Biogeography 8421:Plinius Secundus (1856) 8384:Plinius Secundus (1906) 8354:Plinius Secundus (1856) 8312:Plinius Secundus (1906) 7821:Sell & Murrell 1996 7650:Sell & Murrell 1996 7520:Hanks, "The biology of 7164:American Cancer Society 6977:Arab conquest of Persia 6808:Wallraf-Richartz-Museum 6226:§ Eastern cultures 5797:mannose-binding lectins 5467: 5422:One of the most common 4568:Kempley Daffodil Meadow 4560:Negraşi Daffodil Meadow 4396:Korscheltellus lupulina 4300:Sclerotinia polyblastis 4181:) and other species of 4110:(bacterial streak) and 4100:disease is uncommon in 4057:Tomato black ring virus 4045:Broad Bean Wilt Viruses 3546:to rocky hillsides and 3242:in western and central 2916:eras, around 29.3–18.1 2175:, one of 13 within the 2088:Narcissus candidissimus 2081:was considered part of 1462:) to over 125 mm ( 1241:consists of a singular 1175:is scapose, the single 1055:The pale brown-skinned 21000:. 2014. Archived from 20998:"The Daffodil Society" 20940:. 2014. Archived from 20865:. 2013. Archived from 20552:Lewis, C. Day (1992). 19380:10.2478/johr-2013-0002 19236:in the Scilly Isles". 19232:and white root rot of 18368:Spring-flowering Bulbs 18362:Steinbergs, A (2008). 18269:University of Missouri 17103:Narcissus longispathus 16834:10.1006/anbo.1993.1057 16515:(in Spanish). Madrid: 16370:Cullen, James (2011). 16258:Mabberley's Plant-Book 15870:(Unpublished fragment) 15628:Redouté, Pierre Joseph 15269:10.5962/bhl.title.7100 15062:Loeb Classical Library 14954:. London: Henry G Bohn 14430:; Nathani, S. (1992), 13505:Publius Vergilius Maro 13467:Publius Vergilius Maro 13399:Publius Vergilius Maro 13361:Publius Vergilius Maro 11905:Dana & Lerner 2001 11180:Mor & Spiegel 1993 10132:Garner, Brian (2009). 9111:Fernandes, A. (1975). 9078:Fernandes, A. (1968). 8928:Cullen, James (2011). 8718:Haworth, A.H. (1831). 8687:A. P. de Candolle 1813 8489:. 2011. Archived from 7667:"Narcissus jonquillan" 7451:Michaux, Jean (2009). 7310:Narcissus latent virus 6597: 6375:mentioned them in the 6311: 6285: 6194: 6088: 5909: 5867:central nervous system 5850: 5773:plant growth inhibitor 5596:and for the relief of 5560:Aulus Cornelius Celsus 5355:being more toxic than 5252: 5191: 4847: 4611: 4552:Narcissus radinganorum 4540:Narcissus longispathus 4528:Narcissus alcaracensis 4450:Pratylenchus penetrans 4120:(bacterial soft rot). 3990:Narcissus mosaic virus 3968:Narcissus latent virus 3944:Macrosiphum euphorbiae 3456: 3335:occurs as far east as 3254:, albeit ancient (see 3129:) refers to water and 2996: 2990: 2970: 2841: 2108: 1988:was well known to the 1977: 1332:(iii) the more distal 1195:species have a fleshy 1003:surrounding a central 891:Cross section of ovary 804:with a central yellow 798:, showing outer white 387: 377:Stamens: 2 whorls of 3 329: 322: 21906:Amaryllidaceae genera 21333:"Oxford Dictionaries" 21228:"Research Newsletter" 20733:. London: Routledge. 20490:"The Sensitive Plant" 20316:. Renascence Editions 20291:. Cambridge: Brewer. 20285:Yeager, R.F. (1990). 20116:Reece, Steve (2007). 19927:Arber, Agnes (1912). 19821:spp.)-Virus Diseases" 19402:Brunt, A. A. (1970). 19337:in the Netherlands". 19059:Botrytis narcissicola 18050:also available as pdf 18010:Haworth, Adrian Hardy 17893:10.3390/ijms140611713 17244:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1007 17146:Aedo, Carlos (2010). 16933:Pugsley, H.W (1933). 16712:Wylie, Ann P (1952). 16601:Quiles, José (2014). 16513:Flora Iberica. Vol 20 16226:Leyel, C. F. (2007). 16074:. London: Macmillan. 15365:Hale, Thomas (1757). 15218:. London: John Norton 15212:Gerard, John (1597). 14177:Flora of China vol 24 13520:Vergilius Maro (1770) 13493:Vergilius Maro (1770) 13425:Vergilius Maro (1770) 13387:Vergilius Maro (1770) 12419:alkaloids p. 391 11494:Mark Nesbitt (2005). 11321:: e.T161899A5510855. 11307:Narcissus cyclamineus 11120:10.1093/aesa/28.4.425 11078:Narcissus leaf scorch 10782:Daffodil Society 2014 10282:Reece, Steve (2007). 10226:(3rd ed.). 2010. 9665:Liddell, Henry George 9154:Fernandes, A (1951). 9030:(24 September 2008). 8078:Narcissus pp. 100–101 7742:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1007 7259:Fritillaria meleagris 7226:Taxonomy of Narcissus 7211:Award of Garden Merit 7203:List of AGM narcissus 6953:. The Japanese novel 6947:Southern Song dynasty 6783:and the landscape by 6678:The Two Noble Kinsmen 6554: 6298: 6186: 6083: 5907: 5848: 5818:and their congeners. 5695:Biological properties 5513:(ca. A.D. 40–90) and 5483:traditional medicines 5445:or alkaloids such as 5351:varies with species, 5244: 5227:Award of Garden Merit 5183: 5136:gave rise to trumpet 5022:a very reduced form. 4830: 4590: 4365:, and two species of 4310:Peyronellaea curtisii 4236:Botrytis narcissicola 4227:Peyronellaea curtisii 4174:Botrytis narcissicola 4063:Tomato ringspot virus 4051:Cucumber mosaic virus 3771:Description - Flowers 3445: 3238:). The occurrence of 3224:Eastern Mediterranean 2976: 2956: 2896:western Mediterranean 2818: 2761:phylogenetic analysis 2538:A. Barra and G. López 2195:by the presence of a 2155:phylogenetic analysis 2105:Pierre-Joseph Redouté 2097: 2042:, but it remained to 2018:later introduced the 1959: 1951:Taxonomy of Narcissus 1890:geranyl pyrophosphate 1716:Most species have 12 1249:are small or absent. 534:for the treatment of 335: 328: 307: 21478:at Wikimedia Commons 20468:Keats, John (1818). 20250:Gower, John (2008). 19891:Macmillan's Magazine 19887:"Homer the botanist" 19858:Adams, Mike (2013). 19599:Xiphinema americanum 19525:Archives of Virology 19482:Archives of Virology 19433:Brunt, A.A. (1971). 19168:Borytis narcissicola 18525:Crop Pests in the UK 17351:Narcissus hispanicus 17349:"The involvement of 17152:L. (Amaryllidaceae)" 16517:Real Jardín Botánico 16486:Real Jardín Botánico 16228:"Herbs for the Skin" 16172:Singh, A.K. (2006). 16166:Twenty first century 15992:(1 february): 1–18. 15866:The Genera of Plants 15736:Systema vegetabilium 15713:Later attributed to 15675:, John, ed. (1819). 15438:Polyanthus Narcissus 15234:repraesentatio opera 15161:. Antwerp: Plantinus 14968:"Naturalis Historia" 14758:. Montreux Riviera. 14727:(2012) Movie Script" 14210:Pacific Horticulture 13947:. Wordsworth Trust. 12911:Davis, Alan (2007). 11582:. pp. 104–105. 11407:Narcissus hispanicus 11405:"The involvement of 11104:Eumerus tuberculatus 10786:Pests & Diseases 10616:A. A. Brunt (1976). 8659:De Candolle (1815). 8630:. pp. 230–232. 8624:De Candolle (1815). 8256:Dioscurides (1906). 7781:Webb, D. A. (1980). 7216:Narcissus in culture 7176:Irish Cancer Society 6979:, the Persian ruler 6659:Shepheardes Calender 6417:comments that it is 6345:, that of the youth 6197:The daffodil is the 6174:Narcissus in culture 6084:Narcissi growing at 5893:crop, and source of 5544:medicine during the 5511:Pedanius Dioscorides 5473:Traditional medicine 5277:species contain the 4957:The Daffodil Journal 4908:Gardeners Dictionary 4842:Paradisus Terrestris 4822:Paradisus Terrestris 4732:Narcissus hispanicus 4710:Paradisus Terrestris 4546:Narcissus nevadensis 4372:Eumerus tuberculatus 4295:Botrytis polyblastis 4221:Sclerotinia bulborum 4069:Tobacco rattle virus 3892:self-incompatibility 3584:Narcissus scaberulus 3365:Romanian Carpathians 3180:Mediterranean region 3178:occurs primarily in 3170:Although the family 1624:in one to two rows ( 1187:and most of section 1097:The single leafless 828:surrounding central 536:Alzheimer's dementia 443:ancient civilisation 21159:Plant Encyclopaedia 20807:Bailey, LH (1890). 20679:Schimmel, Annemarie 20647:Schimmel, Annemarie 20617:Schimmel, Annemarie 20348:"The Winter's Tale" 19912:The Common Asphodel 19879:Historical research 19404:"Virus diseases of 18583:Additional excerpts 18418:All about my garden 17933:2014PChem..99...95B 17851:2013PChem..95..384P 17805:Narcissus serotinus 17745:10.1021/np50067a026 16731:10.1038/hdy.1952.16 15815:. London: Whittaker 15192:de l'Obel, Matthias 15085:. London: Macmillan 15058:Enquiry into Plants 14756:"Narcissi Forecast" 14638:The Washington Post 12854:"Narcissus tazetta" 12611:. 29 October 2008. 12519:J. Pharm. Pharmacol 12408:Atta-ur-Rahman 1998 12185:Daffodils/Narcissus 12156:Daffodils/Narcissus 11239:Ditylenchus dipsaci 10837:Narcissus basal rot 10028:de l'Obel, Matthias 9028:Zonneveld, B. J. M. 8823:Spach (1834–1848). 7864:The New Phytologist 7807:Tutin et al. (1980) 7453:"Narcissus tazetta" 7069:Chinese Sacred Lily 7044:. Even the prophet 6693:'s short 1804 poem 6529:; for instance see 6368:in the underworld. 5948: 5863:blood brain barrier 4775:Hortus Eystettensis 4649:Hortus Eystettensis 4511:N. cyclamineus 4438:Ditylenchus dipsaci 4416:(Bulb scale mite), 4322:(leaf tip blight). 4254:Rosellinia necatrix 4209:Rhizopus stolonifer 4039:Arabis mosaic virus 4027:Nerine latent virus 3421:Eifel National Park 3273:grows well in USDA 3184:centre of diversity 2944:Names and etymology 2908:) some time in the 2290: 2182:. It is one of two 2071:Jaume Saint-Hilaire 855:Gynoecium and fruit 764:and reflexed tepals 762:pendent orientation 488:centre of diversity 441:were well known in 21434:(Narcissus fields) 21379:. Oxford: Frowde. 21307:Reference material 20966:Euro+Med Plantbase 20555:The Complete Poems 20474:Great Books Online 19973:Literature and art 19802:"Daffodil viruses" 19213:10.1007/BF01981520 19104:Fusarium oxysporum 18681:Moore, WC (1959). 18456:Pests and diseases 18308:Amaryllidaceae.org 18302:Vigneron, Pascal. 17886:(6): 11713–11741. 17400:10.1093/aob/mcr282 17121:10.1093/aob/mcn086 15998:10.1007/BF00028123 15902:Earley, W (1877). 15695:Anonymous (1823). 15517:Nineteenth century 15301:Eighteenth century 15052:Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία 14574:Christianity Today 14135:Wiemann, Elsbeth. 13977:. pp. 115–116 13286:ἀσφοδέλῳ κατάφυτον 13028:Markantonatos 2002 13007:Oedipus at Colonus 13004:Sophocles (1889). 12985:Markantonatos 2002 12762:10.1093/jxb/erp012 12580:Gardening Know How 12494:Carmen Altomonte. 12431:Pettit et al. 1990 11288:. pp. 53–130. 11243:, pp. 11, 94, 376. 11137:Narcissus bulb fly 11049:. Winter (50): 1. 10383:www.fengsuwang.com 10003:"Tongues in trees" 9976:. pp. 31: 9. 9878:. pp. 19–29. 9637:A Latin Dictionary 8900:Baker, JG (1875). 8780:Salisbury (1866). 8665:. pp. 319–327 7363:Asphodelus ramosus 7269:N. pseudonarcissus 6691:William Wordsworth 6478:, the first known 6402:Oedipus at Colonus 6312: 6249:, is known as the 6247:N. pseudonarcissus 6241:and its successor 6232:Persian literature 6205:, associated with 6195: 6089: 5944: 5910: 5851: 5709:prophage induction 5528:use. The bulbs of 5515:Soranus of Ephesus 5451:N. pseudonarcissus 5405:N. pseudonarcissus 5357:N. pseudonarcissus 5310:N. pseudonarcissus 5253: 5192: 5150:N. pseudonarcissus 5142:N. pseudonarcissus 5115:N. pseudonarcissus 4895:Narcisse à bouquet 4796:N. pseudonarcissus 4741:imported in 1557. 4576:daffodil festivals 4244:Nectria radicicola 4215:Rhizopus nigricans 4139:Fusarium oxysporum 3914:Pests and diseases 3809:approach herkogamy 3473:N. pseudonarcissus 3457: 3381:N. pseudonarcissus 3352:N. pseudonarcissus 3260:N. pseudonarcissus 3103:In other languages 3061:Matthias de l'Obel 3039:Narcissus poeticus 2991: 2984:Matthias de l'Obel 2971: 2842: 2381:N. pseudonarcissus 2282: 2249:as did Blanchard. 2109: 2050:as a genus in his 1865:are predominantly 1819:N. pseudonarcissus 1736:the mature seeds. 1492:N. pseudonarcissus 1469:N. pseudonarcissus 1015:consists of a dry 741:and reduced tepals 737:showing prominent 681:N. pseudonarcissus 477:youth of that name 388: 330: 323: 275:Narcissus poeticus 138:Narcissus poeticus 21901:Narcissus (plant) 21888: 21887: 21788:Open Tree of Life 21500:Taxon identifiers 21474:Media related to 20953:Distribution maps 20687:. München: Beck. 20229:978-0-674-99605-2 20194:Stasinos (1914). 19531:(11): 2261–2267. 19472:Narcissus tazetta 19415:Daffodil Tulip Yb 19133:Pesticide Outlook 19035:10.1111/epp.12050 18779:978-0-387-95919-1 18662:978-1-4020-2626-3 18615:. Oxford: Wiley. 18571:978-94-007-6049-3 18542:978-94-011-1490-5 18348:(Image galleries) 18249:Plant Propagation 18230:Micscape Magazine 18226:(Close up images) 17821:10.1021/np3003595 17778:10.1021/np200862y 17706:10.1021/cr078198u 17374:10.3989/ajbm.2219 17072:Folia Geobotanica 16568:pp. 173–182 16326:978-1-4398-4924-8 16295:978-0-520-26772-5 16151:978-3-540-64060-8 15958:Twentieth century 15757:. London: Ridgway 15653:A. P. de Candolle 15376:. London: Osborne 15360:Species Plantarum 15071:978-0-674-99077-7 15013:. Cambridge, MA: 14310:978-3-458-34694-4 13988:Wordsworth (1807) 13712:Wordsworth (1807) 13318:ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα 13166:ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα 13044:Plutarch (2014). 12959:Casey Dué Hackney 12473:10.1021/jm8013585 12301:10.1021/cr078198u 11805:vol. ii Narcissus 11597:Camerarius (1588) 11507:978-0-415-92746-8 11463:. pp. 61–62. 11430:10.3989/ajbm.2219 11196:narcissus eelworm 10261:Harper, Douglas. 10202:Harper, Douglas. 9920:978-0-7514-0403-6 9691:Harper, Douglas. 8240:Theophrastus 1916 8208:Schultes (1830). 7654:Narcissus. p. 285 7415:Species Plantarum 7382:Asphodelus luteus 7373:Asphodeline lutea 7030:Shahla-ye Kazerun 6914:Narcissus tazetta 6687:romantic movement 6672:The Winter's Tale 6411:Kore (Persephone) 6409:and her daughter 6207:Saint David's Day 6049: 6048: 5654:wheat flour paste 4995:ornamental plants 4965:Daffodil trumpets 4913:Sir James Justice 4378:Eumerus strigatus 4362:Merodon equestris 4325:Aecidium narcissi 4260:Aspergillus niger 4079:leaf striping in 3865:N. albimarginatus 3765:is pollinated by 3737:insect-pollinated 3540:bioclimatic areas 3188:Iberian Peninsula 2967:Rariorum stirpium 2752: 2751: 2748: 2726: 2718: 2708: 2687: 2677: 2659: 2649: 2629: 2618: 2601: 2591: 2565: 2550: 2549:(Salisbury) Spach 2539: 2510: 2491: 2481: 2462: 2452: 2434: 2426: 2416: 2396: 2386: 2366: 2358: 2348: 2328: 2320: 2052:Species Plantarum 1709:is black and the 1599:N. albimarginatus 1554:"Triandrus" form. 1551:"Paperwhite" form 1318:(i) the proximal 1226:) floral stalks. 1153:(fruit) is ripe. 1081:contractile roots 957:Narcissus tazetta 618:floral morphology 492:Iberian Peninsula 469:Iberian peninsula 452:Species Plantarum 386: 385: 302: 301: 261: 16:(Redirected from 21953: 21946:Symbols of Hades 21931:Medicinal plants 21881: 21880: 21868: 21867: 21858: 21857: 21845: 21844: 21835: 21834: 21822: 21821: 21809: 21808: 21796: 21795: 21783: 21782: 21773: 21772: 21760: 21759: 21757:NHMSYS0000460847 21747: 21746: 21734: 21733: 21721: 21720: 21708: 21707: 21695: 21694: 21682: 21681: 21669: 21668: 21656: 21655: 21643: 21642: 21630: 21629: 21617: 21616: 21604: 21603: 21591: 21590: 21578: 21577: 21565: 21564: 21552: 21551: 21542: 21541: 21540: 21527: 21526: 21525: 21495: 21494: 21486:Data related to 21485: 21473: 21459: 21444: 21442: 21441: 21435: 21418: 21416: 21415: 21396: 21394: 21393: 21369: 21367: 21366: 21351: 21349: 21348: 21328: 21326: 21325: 21300: 21298: 21297: 21288:. Archived from 21277: 21275: 21274: 21265:. Archived from 21258: 21256: 21255: 21246:. Archived from 21237: 21235: 21234: 21223: 21221: 21220: 21199: 21197: 21196: 21184: 21182: 21181: 21169: 21167: 21166: 21150: 21148: 21147: 21135: 21133: 21132: 21110: 21108: 21107: 21092: 21090: 21089: 21075: 21073: 21072: 21060: 21058: 21057: 21045: 21043: 21042: 21030: 21028: 21027: 21015: 21013: 21012: 21006: 20986: 20976: 20974: 20973: 20952: 20950: 20949: 20926: 20924: 20923: 20898: 20896: 20895: 20877: 20875: 20874: 20843: 20841: 20840: 20823: 20821: 20820: 20803: 20784: 20782: 20781: 20750: 20748: 20747: 20723: 20704: 20702: 20701: 20674: 20672: 20671: 20656: 20642: 20640: 20639: 20605: 20600: 20599: 20575: 20573: 20572: 20548: 20546: 20545: 20537:A Shropshire Lad 20530: 20528: 20527: 20511: 20509: 20508: 20502: 20484: 20482: 20481: 20464: 20462: 20461: 20440: 20438: 20437: 20415: 20413: 20412: 20399: 20380: 20378: 20377: 20361: 20359: 20358: 20342: 20340: 20339: 20324: 20322: 20321: 20308: 20306: 20305: 20281: 20279: 20278: 20263: 20261: 20260: 20239: 20237: 20236: 20212: 20210: 20209: 20200: 20190: 20188: 20187: 20163: 20161: 20160: 20136: 20134: 20133: 20112: 20110: 20109: 20085: 20083: 20082: 20058: 20056: 20055: 20040: 20029: 20027: 20026: 20004: 20002: 20001: 19968: 19966: 19965: 19941: 19939: 19938: 19923: 19921: 19920: 19905: 19903: 19902: 19874: 19872: 19871: 19854: 19852: 19851: 19839: 19837: 19836: 19812: 19810: 19809: 19797: 19795: 19794: 19767: 19746: 19737:(234): 207–208. 19717: 19715: 19690: 19688: 19687: 19682: 19653: 19651: 19622: 19620: 19587: 19585: 19556: 19519: 19517: 19516: 19460: 19458: 19457: 19429: 19427: 19426: 19412: 19398: 19396: 19395: 19382: 19364: 19354: 19345:(432): 166–175. 19322: 19312: 19279: 19277: 19276: 19270: 19263: 19253: 19224: 19195: 19193: 19192: 19180:(109): 403–408. 19172:Botrytis cinerea 19156: 19145:10.1039/B314848N 19127: 19098: 19088: 19044: 19042: 19041: 19013: 18992: 18982: 18953: 18951: 18950: 18940: 18931: 18929: 18928: 18918:Station Bulletin 18915: 18898: 18896: 18895: 18878:Plant nematology 18871: 18869: 18868: 18844: 18842: 18841: 18817: 18815: 18814: 18783: 18756: 18754: 18753: 18729: 18727: 18726: 18695: 18693: 18692: 18676:Further excerpts 18674: 18632: 18630: 18629: 18605: 18581: 18579: 18578: 18554: 18519: 18517: 18516: 18501: 18490: 18488: 18487: 18451: 18449: 18448: 18432: 18430: 18429: 18420:. Archived from 18401: 18399: 18398: 18382: 18380: 18379: 18358: 18356: 18355: 18349: 18336: 18334: 18333: 18322: 18320: 18319: 18298: 18296: 18295: 18279: 18277: 18276: 18259: 18257: 18256: 18239: 18237: 18236: 18227: 18217: 18215: 18214: 18205:. Archived from 18201:Cook, Danielle. 18190: 18188: 18187: 18173:. Timber Press. 18163: 18161: 18160: 18136: 18134: 18133: 18109: 18107: 18106: 18082: 18080: 18079: 18047: 18045: 18044: 18029: 18027: 18026: 18020: 18005: 18003: 18002: 17971: 17969: 17968: 17952: 17915: 17905: 17895: 17870: 17832: 17815:(9): 1643–1647. 17799: 17789: 17756: 17727: 17717: 17700:(6): 1982–2014. 17694:Chemical Reviews 17684: 17671: 17665: 17661: 17659: 17651: 17641: 17606: 17604: 17603: 17566: 17549: 17507: 17489: 17487: 17486: 17450: 17421: 17411: 17388:Annals of Botany 17378: 17376: 17343: 17341: 17331: 17322:(1–2): 109–132. 17306: 17297:(5–6): 417–422. 17285: 17256: 17246: 17237:(7): 1007–1021. 17214: 17212: 17211: 17205: 17190: 17180: 17178: 17177: 17156: 17142: 17132: 17109:Annals of Botany 17095: 17065: 17063: 17062: 17056: 17041: 17031: 17029: 17028: 17014: 17004: 16983: 16981: 16980: 16966: 16956: 16954: 16953: 16939: 16922: 16920: 16919: 16898: 16888: 16886: 16885: 16868: 16858: 16837: 16826:Annals of Botany 16816: 16814: 16789: 16787: 16786: 16769:(January 1966). 16762: 16760: 16759: 16745: 16735: 16733: 16708: 16706: 16705: 16670: 16668: 16667: 16651: 16649: 16648: 16643:. pp. 53–54 16631: 16629: 16628: 16612: 16610: 16609: 16597: 16595: 16594: 16585:. Archived from 16583:"Flora Catalana" 16559: 16543: 16527: 16525: 16524: 16510: 16496: 16494: 16493: 16473: 16471: 16470: 16440: 16438: 16437: 16422: 16420: 16419: 16395: 16393: 16392: 16359: 16357: 16356: 16330: 16305: 16303: 16302: 16278: 16276: 16275: 16251: 16249: 16248: 16222: 16220: 16219: 16195: 16193: 16192: 16161: 16159: 16158: 16131: 16112: 16110: 16109: 16085: 16063: 16061: 16060: 16036: 16034: 16033: 16009: 15980: 15972: 15970:"Daffodil" 15953: 15951: 15950: 15932: 15926: 15918: 15916: 15915: 15898: 15896: 15895: 15880: 15878: 15877: 15871: 15855: 15849: 15841: 15839: 15838: 15823: 15821: 15820: 15803: 15801: 15800: 15785: 15783: 15782: 15765: 15763: 15762: 15747: 15745: 15744: 15711: 15709: 15708: 15691: 15689: 15688: 15668: 15666: 15665: 15648: 15646: 15645: 15640:. Paris: Redouté 15623: 15621: 15620: 15604: 15602: 15601: 15582: 15580: 15579: 15574:. London: Taylor 15561: 15559: 15558: 15539: 15537: 15536: 15512: 15510: 15509: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15442: 15433: 15432: 15426: 15402: 15400: 15399: 15384: 15382: 15381: 15357: 15355: 15354: 15336: 15334: 15333: 15296: 15294: 15293: 15278: 15276: 15275: 15252: 15250: 15249: 15226: 15224: 15223: 15208: 15206: 15205: 15187: 15185: 15184: 15169: 15167: 15166: 15147: 15145: 15144: 15113: 15111: 15110: 15097:Moschus (1919). 15093: 15091: 15090: 15075: 15055: 15041: 15024: 15022: 15021: 14999: 14997: 14996: 14981: 14979: 14978: 14962: 14960: 14959: 14925: 14924: 14922: 14921: 14906: 14900: 14899: 14897: 14896: 14877: 14871: 14870: 14868: 14867: 14852: 14846: 14845: 14843: 14842: 14827: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14817: 14802: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14777: 14771: 14770: 14768: 14767: 14752: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14742: 14723:"Movie Scripts: 14719: 14713: 14712: 14710: 14709: 14689: 14683: 14682: 14680: 14679: 14659: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14649: 14640:. Archived from 14629: 14623: 14622: 14620: 14619: 14608:Austin Chronicle 14595: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14565: 14559: 14558: 14556: 14555: 14535: 14529: 14528: 14526: 14525: 14510: 14504: 14498: 14492: 14486: 14480: 14474: 14468: 14462: 14456: 14450: 14444: 14441: 14435: 14424: 14418: 14415: 14406: 14400: 14391: 14385: 14379: 14369: 14363: 14353: 14347: 14337: 14331: 14321: 14315: 14314: 14296: 14290: 14281: 14275: 14269: 14263: 14257: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14247: 14234:Cultural China. 14231: 14225: 14224: 14222: 14221: 14201: 14192: 14191: 14189: 14188: 14169: 14160: 14159: 14157: 14156: 14147:. Archived from 14132: 14126: 14125: 14123: 14122: 14107: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14097: 14078: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14068: 14052: 14046: 14036: 14030: 14024: 14018: 14012: 14006: 13996: 13990: 13985: 13983: 13982: 13966: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13956: 13946: 13938: 13932: 13927: 13925: 13924: 13911: 13905: 13900: 13898: 13897: 13884: 13878: 13877:, Perdita, IV 4. 13875:Shakespeare 1623 13872: 13866: 13852: 13846: 13836: 13830: 13820: 13814: 13804: 13798: 13793: 13791: 13790: 13774: 13765: 13759: 13750: 13744: 13738: 13732: 13726: 13720: 13714: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13701:. pp. 49–50 13690: 13681: 13680: 13657:The Art Bulletin 13652: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13639: 13621: 13615: 13614: 13612: 13611: 13591: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13581: 13554: 13548: 13547: 13545: 13544: 13528: 13522: 13517: 13515: 13501: 13495: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13477: 13463: 13457: 13456: 13454: 13453: 13433: 13427: 13422: 13420: 13419: 13409: 13395: 13389: 13384: 13382: 13381: 13371: 13357: 13351: 13350: 13348: 13347: 13327: 13321: 13320: 13315: 13314: 13304: 13295: 13289: 13288: 13283: 13282: 13272: 13263: 13257: 13256: 13254: 13253: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13227: 13226: 13216: 13207: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13194: 13184: 13175: 13169: 13168: 13163: 13162: 13152: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13130: 13120: 13111: 13105: 13095: 13089: 13083: 13077: 13071: 13065: 13064: 13062: 13061: 13041: 13035: 13025: 13019: 13014: 13012: 13001: 12992: 12982: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12972: 12955: 12946: 12940: 12930: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12920: 12908: 12902: 12897: 12895: 12894: 12879: 12873: 12868: 12866: 12865: 12850: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12824: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12811: 12801: 12792: 12786: 12780: 12774: 12773: 12745: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12728: 12709: 12703: 12697: 12691: 12681: 12675: 12665: 12659: 12649: 12643: 12633: 12624: 12623: 12621: 12620: 12601: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12591: 12571: 12565: 12559: 12553: 12552: 12534: 12510: 12504: 12503: 12498:. Archived from 12491: 12485: 12484: 12467:(4): 1100–1114. 12455: 12449: 12443: 12434: 12428: 12422: 12405: 12399: 12388: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12378: 12359: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12349: 12329: 12323: 12322: 12312: 12295:(6): 1982–2014. 12289:Chemical Reviews 12280: 12265: 12264: 12238: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12209: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12196: 12177: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12167: 12148: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12137: 12131: 12120: 12112: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12102: 12074: 12065: 12064: 12062: 12061: 12042: 12036: 12035: 12017: 12011: 12001: 11995: 11989: 11983: 11977: 11971: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11948: 11929: 11923: 11917: 11908: 11902: 11885: 11879: 11873: 11867: 11865: 11864: 11851: 11845: 11835: 11824: 11814: 11808: 11798: 11792: 11782: 11776: 11766: 11760: 11754: 11748: 11738: 11729: 11719: 11710: 11697: 11691: 11685: 11679: 11669: 11663: 11653: 11642: 11636: 11630: 11625: 11623: 11622: 11605: 11599: 11594: 11592: 11591: 11574: 11568: 11567: 11565: 11564: 11545: 11539: 11529: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11514: 11491: 11485: 11475: 11469: 11464: 11453: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11434: 11432: 11400: 11391: 11381: 11370: 11364: 11355: 11345: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11335: 11330: 11300: 11294: 11289: 11277: 11271: 11265: 11259: 11253: 11244: 11233:Ravichandra 2014 11230: 11224: 11214: 11199: 11189: 11183: 11177: 11168: 11158: 11152: 11146: 11140: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11099: 11093: 11087: 11081: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11061: 11055: 11044: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11016: 11010: 11009: 10989: 10983: 10977: 10971: 10958: 10952: 10946: 10940: 10934: 10923: 10913: 10904: 10894: 10888: 10882: 10876: 10870: 10864: 10858: 10852: 10846: 10840: 10830: 10824: 10821:Daffodil viruses 10814: 10808: 10802: 10789: 10779: 10760: 10754: 10745: 10739: 10733: 10727: 10721: 10711: 10686: 10680: 10672: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10627: 10621: 10613: 10607: 10597: 10591: 10578: 10567: 10561: 10555: 10549: 10540: 10534: 10525: 10515: 10506: 10503:(Amaryllidaceae) 10492: 10483: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10467: 10452: 10446: 10445: 10443: 10442: 10423: 10417: 10411: 10405: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10389: 10375: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10345: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10316: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10258: 10252: 10241: 10240: 10234: 10228: 10227: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10189: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10119: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10090: 10071: 10065: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10045: 10024: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10014: 9999: 9993: 9991:Pausanias (1918) 9988: 9986: 9985: 9969: 9960: 9949: 9948: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9904: 9898: 9893: 9891: 9890: 9884: 9877: 9869:The folklore of 9863: 9842: 9841: 9836:. Archived from 9831:American usage: 9830: 9828: 9827: 9818:. Archived from 9800: 9787: 9786: 9770: 9769: 9756: 9750: 9740: 9727: 9716: 9715: 9709: 9703: 9702: 9688: 9682: 9661: 9660: 9654: 9645: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9600: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9590: 9566: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9541: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9528: 9513: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9498: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9431: 9416: 9407: 9398: 9397: 9388:(5–6): 417–422. 9377: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9329: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9304: 9289: 9280: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9266: 9251: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9232: 9217: 9208: 9207: 9189: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9151: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9132: 9117: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9088: 9075: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9051: 9042:(1–2): 109–132. 9024: 9001: 9000: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8950: 8925: 8919: 8914: 8912: 8911: 8906:. pp. 61–86 8897: 8888: 8882: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8867: 8852: 8846: 8841: 8839: 8838: 8820: 8814: 8805: 8799: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8777: 8771: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8758:. pp. 59–61 8749: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8739: 8733: 8726: 8715: 8706: 8696: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8656: 8647: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8621: 8612: 8602: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8573: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8526: 8525: 8508: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8443:(9): 1325–1345. 8432: 8423: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8392: 8386: 8381: 8379: 8378: 8362: 8356: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8320: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8290: 8281: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8253: 8247: 8237: 8231: 8226: 8224: 8223: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8192: 8188: 8186: 8178: 8168: 8134: 8081: 8071: 8065: 8060: 8058: 8057: 8029: 7996: 7993:(Amaryllidaceae) 7982: 7971: 7965: 7954: 7953: 7943: 7907: 7888: 7887: 7859: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7818: 7809: 7804: 7802: 7801: 7778: 7755: 7754: 7744: 7735:(7): 1007–1021. 7720: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7663: 7657: 7647: 7636: 7626: 7611: 7605: 7592: 7591: 7573: 7560: 7550: 7527: 7513: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7468: 7448: 7442: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7403: 7385: 7370:) or the yellow 7368:Macmillan (1887) 7358: 7352: 7325: 7319: 7300: 7294: 7283: 7277: 7242: 7094: 7078: 7066: 7026:Shahla-ye Shiraz 7007: 7001: 7000: 6989: 6987: 6931:Chinese New Year 6904:Eastern cultures 6895: 6876: 6859:Vincent van Gogh 6855: 6836: 6796:late Middle Ages 6729:A Shropshire Lad 6601: 6399:. Sophocles, in 6316:ancient Egyptian 6281: 6229: 5949: 5943: 5803:(galanthamine), 5675:like states and 5412:Martlesham Heath 5384:activated carbon 5347:The toxicity of 5291:4-methylcatechol 5077:Micropropagation 4986: 4975: 4949:Daffodil Society 4926:was much cited. 4860: 4845: 4780:Peter Lauremberg 4701: 4690:Peter Lauremberg 4685: 4660: 4644: 4619: 4609: 4602:Peter Lauremberg 4190:Botrytis cinerea 3735:The flowers are 3704: 3594:Narcissus dubius 3553:, and including 3385:Vosges Mountains 3359:ranges from the 3256:Eastern cultures 3138: 3128: 3098: 3097: 3051: 3050: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2898:) diverged from 2746: 2739: 2724: 2716: 2706: 2698: 2685: 2675: 2668: 2657: 2647: 2627: 2616: 2608: 2599: 2589: 2582: 2563: 2548: 2537: 2529: 2508: 2500: 2489: 2479: 2471: 2460: 2450: 2443: 2432: 2424: 2414: 2407: 2394: 2384: 2377: 2364: 2356: 2346: 2339: 2326: 2316: 2291: 2281: 2100:N. candidissimus 1975: 1885:N. cuatrecasasii 1838:, montanine and 1806:contains unique 1371:to rudimentary ( 902: 888: 865: 842: 819: 808:(paraperigonium) 789: 775: 752: 729: 710: 676: 651: 628: 591: 566: 382: 378: 374: 368: 367: 365: 361: 358: 344: 343: 257: 154: 153: 131: 117: 54: 47:Temporal range: 39: 38: 21: 21961: 21960: 21956: 21955: 21954: 21952: 21951: 21950: 21891: 21890: 21889: 21884: 21876: 21871: 21863: 21861: 21853: 21848: 21840: 21838: 21830: 21825: 21817: 21812: 21804: 21799: 21791: 21786: 21778: 21776: 21768: 21763: 21755: 21750: 21742: 21737: 21729: 21724: 21716: 21711: 21703: 21698: 21690: 21685: 21677: 21672: 21664: 21659: 21651: 21646: 21638: 21633: 21625: 21620: 21612: 21607: 21599: 21594: 21586: 21581: 21573: 21568: 21560: 21555: 21547: 21545: 21536: 21535: 21530: 21521: 21520: 21515: 21502: 21452: 21447: 21439: 21437: 21433: 21413: 21411: 21403: 21391: 21389: 21387: 21364: 21362: 21346: 21344: 21331: 21323: 21321: 21309: 21295: 21293: 21280: 21272: 21270: 21261: 21253: 21251: 21242: 21232: 21230: 21226: 21218: 21216: 21211: 21208: 21194: 21192: 21179: 21177: 21172: 21164: 21162: 21153: 21145: 21143: 21138: 21130: 21128: 21115: 21105: 21103: 21095: 21087: 21085: 21070: 21068: 21063: 21055: 21053: 21048: 21040: 21038: 21033: 21025: 21023: 21018: 21010: 21008: 21004: 20993: 20971: 20969: 20956: 20947: 20945: 20921: 20919: 20901: 20893: 20891: 20880: 20872: 20870: 20850: 20838: 20836: 20833:Gippsland Times 20818: 20816: 20800: 20779: 20777: 20775: 20757: 20745: 20743: 20741: 20720: 20699: 20697: 20695: 20669: 20667: 20665: 20637: 20635: 20633: 20612: 20597: 20595: 20593: 20570: 20568: 20566: 20543: 20541: 20525: 20523: 20506: 20504: 20500: 20479: 20477: 20459: 20457: 20435: 20433: 20422: 20410: 20408: 20396: 20375: 20373: 20356: 20354: 20337: 20335: 20319: 20317: 20303: 20301: 20299: 20276: 20274: 20258: 20256: 20246: 20234: 20232: 20230: 20207: 20205: 20198: 20185: 20183: 20181: 20158: 20156: 20154: 20131: 20129: 20107: 20105: 20103: 20080: 20078: 20076: 20053: 20051: 20024: 20022: 20011: 19999: 19997: 19995: 19975: 19963: 19961: 19959: 19936: 19934: 19918: 19916: 19900: 19898: 19881: 19869: 19867: 19849: 19847: 19842: 19834: 19832: 19807: 19805: 19792: 19790: 19774: 19702:(in Japanese). 19685: 19683: 19669:(in Japanese). 19638:(in Japanese). 19607:(in Japanese). 19572:(in Japanese). 19514: 19512: 19455: 19453: 19445:(23): 292–299. 19424: 19422: 19410: 19393: 19391: 19362: 19329: 19274: 19272: 19268: 19261: 19190: 19188: 19112:Crop Protection 19051: 19039: 19037: 18948: 18946: 18938: 18926: 18924: 18913: 18905: 18893: 18891: 18889: 18866: 18864: 18862: 18839: 18837: 18835: 18812: 18810: 18808: 18790: 18780: 18751: 18749: 18747: 18724: 18722: 18720: 18702: 18690: 18688: 18663: 18639: 18627: 18625: 18623: 18602: 18576: 18574: 18572: 18543: 18514: 18512: 18510: 18485: 18483: 18481: 18463: 18458: 18446: 18444: 18427: 18425: 18408: 18396: 18394: 18385: 18377: 18375: 18353: 18351: 18347: 18339: 18331: 18329: 18325: 18317: 18315: 18293: 18291: 18274: 18272: 18254: 18252: 18234: 18232: 18225: 18212: 18210: 18197: 18185: 18183: 18181: 18158: 18156: 18154: 18131: 18129: 18127: 18104: 18102: 18100: 18077: 18075: 18073: 18042: 18040: 18024: 18022: 18018: 18000: 17998: 17996: 17978: 17966: 17964: 17663: 17662: 17653: 17652: 17630: 17601: 17599: 17564: 17556: 17505: 17484: 17482: 17355:Narcissus bujei 17262:New Phytologist 17221: 17209: 17207: 17203: 17188: 17175: 17173: 17154: 17060: 17058: 17054: 17039: 17026: 17024: 17012: 16978: 16976: 16969:Amer. Hort. Mag 16964: 16951: 16949: 16937: 16929: 16917: 16915: 16896: 16883: 16881: 16874:"The Narcissus" 16856:10.1.1.493.2278 16822:Narcissus Bulbs 16784: 16782: 16775:Amer. Hort. Mag 16757: 16755: 16743: 16703: 16701: 16682: 16677: 16665: 16663: 16646: 16644: 16626: 16624: 16615: 16607: 16605: 16592: 16590: 16556: 16541: 16522: 16520: 16508: 16500:Aedo C (2014). 16491: 16489: 16476: 16468: 16466: 16464: 16435: 16433: 16417: 16415: 16413: 16390: 16388: 16386: 16366: 16354: 16352: 16350: 16327: 16300: 16298: 16296: 16273: 16271: 16269: 16246: 16244: 16242: 16217: 16215: 16213: 16190: 16188: 16186: 16168: 16156: 16154: 16152: 16128: 16107: 16105: 16103: 16082: 16068:Huxley, Anthony 16058: 16056: 16054: 16031: 16029: 16027: 15960: 15948: 15946: 15920: 15919: 15913: 15911: 15904:"The Narcissus" 15893: 15891: 15875: 15873: 15872:. J. Van Voorst 15869: 15843: 15842: 15836: 15834: 15818: 15816: 15798: 15796: 15780: 15778: 15760: 15758: 15742: 15740: 15706: 15704: 15686: 15684: 15663: 15661: 15643: 15641: 15618: 15616: 15599: 15597: 15577: 15575: 15556: 15554: 15534: 15532: 15519: 15507: 15505: 15474: 15472: 15430: 15428: 15420: 15397: 15395: 15379: 15377: 15352: 15350: 15331: 15329: 15303: 15291: 15289: 15273: 15271: 15247: 15245: 15221: 15219: 15203: 15201: 15197:Icones stirpium 15182: 15180: 15164: 15162: 15142: 15140: 15138: 15120: 15108: 15106: 15088: 15086: 15072: 15019: 15017: 14994: 14992: 14976: 14974: 14957: 14955: 14944: 14939: 14933: 14928: 14919: 14917: 14908: 14907: 14903: 14894: 14892: 14879: 14878: 14874: 14865: 14863: 14854: 14853: 14849: 14840: 14838: 14829: 14828: 14824: 14815: 14813: 14804: 14803: 14799: 14790: 14788: 14781:"Daffodil Days" 14779: 14778: 14774: 14765: 14763: 14754: 14753: 14749: 14740: 14738: 14721: 14720: 14716: 14707: 14705: 14690: 14686: 14677: 14675: 14660: 14656: 14647: 14645: 14630: 14626: 14617: 14615: 14596: 14592: 14583: 14581: 14566: 14562: 14553: 14551: 14536: 14532: 14523: 14521: 14512: 14511: 14507: 14499: 14495: 14487: 14483: 14475: 14471: 14463: 14459: 14451: 14447: 14442: 14438: 14425: 14421: 14416: 14409: 14401: 14394: 14386: 14382: 14370: 14366: 14354: 14350: 14338: 14334: 14322: 14318: 14311: 14297: 14293: 14285:Gippsland Times 14282: 14278: 14270: 14266: 14258: 14254: 14245: 14243: 14232: 14228: 14219: 14217: 14202: 14195: 14186: 14184: 14179:. p. 269. 14171: 14170: 14163: 14154: 14152: 14133: 14129: 14120: 14118: 14109: 14108: 14104: 14095: 14093: 14080: 14079: 14075: 14066: 14064: 14053: 14049: 14037: 14033: 14025: 14021: 14015:Wordsworth 1802 14013: 14009: 13999:Wordsworth 1853 13997: 13993: 13980: 13978: 13967: 13963: 13954: 13952: 13944: 13940: 13939: 13935: 13922: 13920: 13912: 13908: 13895: 13893: 13885: 13881: 13873: 13869: 13853: 13849: 13843:Transformations 13837: 13833: 13821: 13817: 13805: 13801: 13796:Burbidge (1875) 13788: 13786: 13775: 13768: 13760: 13753: 13745: 13741: 13733: 13729: 13721: 13717: 13704: 13702: 13691: 13684: 13669:10.2307/3047225 13653: 13646: 13637: 13635: 13622: 13618: 13609: 13607: 13592: 13588: 13579: 13577: 13575: 13555: 13551: 13542: 13540: 13529: 13525: 13513: 13502: 13498: 13485: 13483: 13475: 13464: 13460: 13451: 13449: 13434: 13430: 13417: 13415: 13410:. p. 157. 13407: 13396: 13392: 13379: 13377: 13372:. p. 155. 13369: 13358: 13354: 13345: 13343: 13328: 13324: 13312: 13310: 13302: 13298:Lucian (1925). 13296: 13292: 13280: 13278: 13270: 13266:Lucian (1925). 13264: 13260: 13251: 13249: 13241: 13240: 13236: 13224: 13222: 13214: 13208: 13204: 13192: 13190: 13182: 13176: 13172: 13160: 13158: 13150: 13144: 13140: 13128: 13126: 13118: 13112: 13108: 13096: 13092: 13084: 13080: 13072: 13068: 13059: 13057: 13042: 13038: 13026: 13022: 13010: 13002: 12995: 12983: 12979: 12970: 12968: 12953: 12947: 12943: 12931: 12927: 12918: 12916: 12909: 12905: 12892: 12890: 12881: 12880: 12876: 12863: 12861: 12852: 12851: 12847: 12838: 12836: 12825: 12821: 12809: 12807: 12799: 12793: 12789: 12781: 12777: 12746: 12735: 12726: 12724: 12717:Paghat's Garden 12711: 12710: 12706: 12698: 12694: 12682: 12678: 12666: 12662: 12650: 12646: 12634: 12627: 12618: 12616: 12603: 12602: 12598: 12589: 12587: 12572: 12568: 12560: 12556: 12511: 12507: 12492: 12488: 12456: 12452: 12444: 12437: 12429: 12425: 12406: 12402: 12389: 12385: 12376: 12374: 12361: 12360: 12356: 12347: 12345: 12330: 12326: 12281: 12268: 12261: 12239: 12235: 12226: 12224: 12211: 12210: 12203: 12194: 12192: 12179: 12178: 12174: 12165: 12163: 12150: 12149: 12145: 12135: 12133: 12129: 12118: 12114: 12113: 12109: 12100: 12098: 12091: 12075: 12068: 12059: 12057: 12044: 12043: 12039: 12032: 12018: 12014: 12002: 11998: 11990: 11986: 11980:Steinbergs 2008 11978: 11974: 11959: 11955: 11946: 11944: 11931: 11930: 11926: 11918: 11911: 11903: 11888: 11880: 11876: 11862: 11860: 11852: 11848: 11836: 11827: 11815: 11811: 11799: 11795: 11783: 11779: 11767: 11763: 11755: 11751: 11739: 11732: 11720: 11713: 11698: 11694: 11686: 11682: 11670: 11666: 11654: 11645: 11639:Lauremberg 1632 11637: 11633: 11620: 11618: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11589: 11587: 11576: 11575: 11571: 11562: 11560: 11547: 11546: 11542: 11530: 11521: 11512: 11510: 11508: 11492: 11488: 11476: 11472: 11457:Turner, William 11454: 11450: 11442: 11438: 11411:Narcissus bujei 11401: 11394: 11382: 11373: 11365: 11358: 11348:Lauremberg 1632 11346: 11342: 11333: 11331: 11301: 11297: 11278: 11274: 11266: 11262: 11254: 11247: 11231: 11227: 11215: 11202: 11190: 11186: 11178: 11171: 11165:Bulb scale mite 11159: 11155: 11147: 11143: 11131: 11127: 11100: 11096: 11088: 11084: 11072: 11068: 11059: 11057: 11053: 11042: 11036: 11032: 11017: 11013: 10990: 10986: 10978: 10974: 10959: 10955: 10947: 10943: 10935: 10926: 10914: 10907: 10895: 10891: 10883: 10879: 10871: 10867: 10859: 10855: 10847: 10843: 10831: 10827: 10815: 10811: 10803: 10792: 10780: 10763: 10755: 10748: 10740: 10736: 10728: 10724: 10712: 10689: 10673: 10669: 10661: 10657: 10649: 10645: 10637: 10630: 10614: 10610: 10598: 10594: 10579: 10570: 10562: 10558: 10550: 10543: 10535: 10528: 10516: 10509: 10493: 10486: 10478: 10474: 10465: 10463: 10454: 10453: 10449: 10440: 10438: 10425: 10424: 10420: 10412: 10408: 10400: 10396: 10387: 10385: 10377: 10376: 10372: 10363: 10361: 10350:"The Lent Lily" 10346: 10339: 10330: 10328: 10317: 10310: 10301: 10299: 10280: 10276: 10259: 10255: 10235: 10231: 10222: 10221: 10217: 10200: 10196: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10165: 10161: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10130: 10126: 10117: 10115: 10108:Merriam-Webster 10102: 10101: 10097: 10088: 10086: 10073: 10072: 10068: 10062:De Narcisso, ii 10056: 10052: 10043: 10041: 10033:Icones stirpium 10025: 10021: 10012: 10010: 10001: 10000: 9996: 9983: 9981: 9970: 9963: 9943: 9939: 9930: 9928: 9921: 9905: 9901: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9875: 9864: 9845: 9832: 9825: 9823: 9816: 9802: 9801: 9790: 9783: 9757: 9753: 9741: 9730: 9710: 9706: 9689: 9685: 9679:Perseus Project 9655: 9648: 9642:Perseus Project 9630: 9626: 9617: 9615: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9588: 9586: 9568: 9567: 9563: 9554: 9552: 9543: 9542: 9535: 9526: 9524: 9515: 9514: 9505: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9476: 9472: 9464: 9460: 9448: 9444: 9435: 9433: 9429: 9414: 9408: 9401: 9378: 9371: 9362: 9360: 9330: 9311: 9302: 9300: 9291: 9290: 9283: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9254:Amer. Hort. Mag 9249: 9243: 9239: 9230: 9228: 9219: 9218: 9211: 9204: 9190: 9181: 9172: 9170: 9152: 9145: 9136: 9134: 9130: 9115: 9109: 9105: 9096: 9094: 9086: 9076: 9067: 9025: 9004: 8973: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8926: 8922: 8917:Burbidge (1875) 8909: 8907: 8898: 8891: 8883: 8874: 8865: 8863: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8836: 8834: 8821: 8817: 8806: 8802: 8789: 8787: 8786:. pp. 98ff 8778: 8774: 8769:Burbidge (1875) 8761: 8759: 8750: 8746: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8716: 8709: 8697: 8693: 8685: 8681: 8668: 8666: 8657: 8650: 8637: 8635: 8622: 8615: 8609:vol. IV, p. 188 8603: 8596: 8587: 8585: 8574: 8570: 8561: 8559: 8541: 8537: 8523: 8521: 8510: 8509: 8505: 8496: 8494: 8477: 8476: 8472: 8449:10.2307/2656780 8433: 8426: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8393: 8389: 8376: 8374: 8363: 8359: 8346: 8344: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8304: 8302: 8291: 8284: 8271: 8269: 8254: 8250: 8238: 8234: 8229:Linnaeus (1829) 8221: 8219: 8214:. p. 932. 8206: 8202: 8190: 8189: 8180: 8179: 8157: 8135: 8084: 8072: 8068: 8055: 8053: 8046: 8030: 7999: 7983: 7974: 7966: 7957: 7908: 7891: 7860: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7819: 7812: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7779: 7758: 7721: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7648: 7639: 7627: 7614: 7606: 7595: 7588: 7574: 7563: 7551: 7530: 7514: 7475: 7466: 7464: 7449: 7445: 7433: 7429: 7420: 7418: 7404: 7397: 7393: 7388: 7359: 7355: 7326: 7322: 7301: 7297: 7284: 7280: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7230: 7188: 7160: 7140: 7110: 7108:Popular culture 7103: 7095: 7086: 7079: 7070: 7067: 7058: 7014:Ottoman Turkish 6984: 6975:. Prior to the 6973:Islamic culture 6969: 6967:Islamic culture 6910:Chinese culture 6906: 6899: 6896: 6887: 6877: 6868: 6856: 6847: 6837: 6828: 6826:Narcissi in art 6800:panel paintings 6737:Black Narcissus 6705:Hymn to Demeter 6603: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6545:Western culture 6473: 6371:The Greek poet 6336: 6293: 6288: 6217:Kurdish culture 6199:national flower 6181: 6176: 6170: 6154: 6138: 6130: 6075:farm gate value 5947: 5879: 5877:Commercial uses 5843: 5761:antinociceptive 5697: 5658:kampo herb list 5572:, described as 5522:Pliny the Elder 5499:Classical Greek 5475: 5470: 5443:chelidonic acid 5439:calcium oxalate 5420: 5418:Topical effects 5400:stomach pumping 5372: 5316:is followed by 5287:Amaryllidoideae 5271: 5266: 5239: 5198: 5178: 5085: 5069: 5028: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4846: 4836: 4762:Basilius Besler 4713: 4702: 4693: 4686: 4677: 4661: 4652: 4645: 4636: 4620: 4610: 4600: 4595: 4589: 4584: 4578:in the spring. 4534:Narcissus bujei 4505: 4476:Paratrichodorus 3924:Commercial uses 3916: 3903:N. longispathus 3818:, particularly 3762:N. viridiflorus 3733: 3683:N. viridiflorus 3665:N. cavanillesii 3659:N. broussonetii 3650: 3645: 3602:Pseudonarcissus 3536: 3524:Pseudonarcissus 3498:demonstrates a 3373:Dalmatian coast 3319:and Tangier to 3275:hardiness zones 3250:are considered 3200:southern France 3168: 3162: 3157: 3105: 3077: 3010:. According to 2987:Icones stirpium 2964:Carolus Clusius 2951: 2946: 2884: 2813: 2807: 2757: 2740: 2719: 2705: 2702:N. broussonetii 2699: 2670: 2646: 2640: 2626: 2615: 2609: 2583: 2556: 2547: 2536: 2533:N. cavanillesii 2530: 2518:(Herbert) Traub 2507: 2504:N. viridiflorus 2501: 2478: 2472: 2444: 2408: 2378: 2359: 2354:Pseudonarcissus 2340: 2289: 2266:Pseudonarcissus 2209: 2177:Amaryllidoideae 2168:belongs to the 2119:) or wide (e.g. 2077:. For a while, 2065:(1789) grouped 2060: 2016:Pliny the Elder 1982: 1976: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1860: 1800: 1795: 1770:N. broussonetii 1742: 1575:Pseudonarcissus 1567:Pseudonarcissus 1548:"Daffodil" form 1532:The flowers of 1513:N. cavanillesii 1443:N. viridiflorus 1416:Pseudonarcissus 1411:N. cavanillesii 1373:N. cavanillesii 1303:N. cavanillesii 1189:Pseudonarcissus 1162: 1105:N. hedraeanthus 1046: 1041: 963:The plants are 926: 921: 920: 919: 918: 917: 903: 894: 893: 892: 889: 880: 879: 878: 866: 857: 856: 850: 849: 848: 847: 846: 843: 834: 833: 832: 820: 811: 810: 809: 790: 781: 780: 779: 776: 767: 766: 765: 753: 744: 743: 742: 730: 721: 720: 719: 711: 702: 701: 700: 677: 668: 667: 666: 652: 643: 642: 641: 629: 620: 619: 610: 609: 608: 607: 606: 592: 583: 582: 581: 577:with shoot and 567: 558: 557: 551: 467:epochs, in the 380: 379: 376: 375: 372: 371: 369: 363: 362: 359: 356: 354: 342: 340: 283: 278: 256: 232:Amaryllidoideae 148: 122: 116: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 49: 48: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21959: 21949: 21948: 21943: 21938: 21933: 21928: 21923: 21918: 21913: 21911:Bulbous plants 21908: 21903: 21886: 21885: 21883: 21882: 21878:wfo-4000025329 21869: 21859: 21846: 21836: 21823: 21810: 21797: 21784: 21774: 21761: 21748: 21735: 21722: 21709: 21696: 21683: 21670: 21657: 21644: 21631: 21618: 21605: 21592: 21579: 21566: 21553: 21543: 21528: 21512: 21510: 21504: 21503: 21492: 21491: 21490:at Wikispecies 21479: 21467: 21451: 21450:External links 21448: 21446: 21445: 21419: 21402: 21399: 21398: 21397: 21385: 21370: 21352: 21329: 21308: 21305: 21304: 21303: 21302: 21301: 21278: 21240: 21239: 21238: 21207: 21204: 21203: 21202: 21201: 21200: 21170: 21151: 21136: 21113: 21112: 21111: 21078: 21077: 21076: 21061: 21046: 21016: 20992: 20989: 20988: 20987: 20977: 20954: 20927: 20899: 20878: 20849: 20846: 20845: 20844: 20824: 20804: 20799:978-0893440350 20798: 20785: 20774:978-1588392817 20773: 20756: 20753: 20752: 20751: 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441–448. 19461: 19430: 19399: 19355: 19328: 19325: 19324: 19323: 19295:(1): 130–162. 19280: 19254: 19225: 19196: 19162:"Infection of 19157: 19128: 19099: 19050: 19047: 19046: 19045: 19029:(2): 334–374. 19014: 19004:(3): 192–201. 18993: 18954: 18932: 18904: 18901: 18900: 18899: 18888:978-1780641515 18887: 18872: 18860: 18845: 18834:978-0323147033 18833: 18818: 18807:978-0415272117 18806: 18789: 18786: 18785: 18784: 18778: 18757: 18746:978-0123846846 18745: 18730: 18719:978-0080575483 18718: 18701: 18698: 18697: 18696: 18678: 18661: 18638: 18635: 18634: 18633: 18622:978-1444314182 18621: 18606: 18601:978-1879906464 18600: 18585: 18570: 18555: 18541: 18520: 18509:978-0471072492 18508: 18491: 18480:978-0470680193 18479: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18453: 18452: 18433: 18407: 18404: 18403: 18402: 18383: 18359: 18337: 18323: 18299: 18280: 18260: 18240: 18218: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18191: 18180:978-1604695595 18179: 18164: 18153:978-0415273442 18152: 18137: 18126:978-3800164899 18125: 18110: 18099:978-0900048531 18098: 18083: 18072:978-1104534271 18071: 18053: 18030: 18006: 17994: 17977: 17974: 17973: 17972: 17953: 17921:Phytochemistry 17916: 17871: 17839:Phytochemistry 17833: 17800: 17772:(4): 771–773. 17757: 17739:(1): 176–178. 17728: 17685: 17672: 17664:|journal= 17628: 17607: 17581:10.1086/353876 17575:(3): 319–330. 17555: 17552: 17551: 17550: 17522:10.1086/675977 17516:(5): 501–517. 17501:Pseudonarcissi 17490: 17466:(4): 782–798. 17451: 17433:(2): 149–162. 17422: 17394:(1): 257–264. 17379: 17344: 17307: 17286: 17257: 17220: 17217: 17216: 17215: 17181: 17143: 17115:(2): 183–194. 17096: 17078:(2): 145–158. 17066: 17032: 17005: 16995:(4): 298–307. 16989:Bot J Linn Soc 16984: 16957: 16928: 16925: 16924: 16923: 16889: 16869: 16849:(8): 685–706. 16838: 16817: 16790: 16763: 16736: 16724:(2): 137–156. 16709: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16672: 16671: 16657:"Narcissus L." 16652: 16632: 16613: 16598: 16578: 16577: 16576: 16563:2nd ed. 2011. 16554: 16530: 16529: 16528: 16474: 16463:978-0521553391 16462: 16441: 16423: 16412:978-0521201087 16411: 16396: 16385:978-0521761475 16384: 16365: 16362: 16361: 16360: 16349:978-0132825016 16348: 16331: 16325: 16306: 16294: 16279: 16268:978-1107782594 16267: 16252: 16241:978-0787314132 16240: 16223: 16212:978-0849382031 16211: 16196: 16185:978-8189422356 16184: 16167: 16164: 16163: 16162: 16150: 16138:, ed. (1998). 16132: 16127:978-0751303056 16126: 16113: 16102:978-0412043413 16101: 16086: 16081:978-0333474945 16080: 16064: 16053:978-0849339110 16052: 16037: 16026:978-0323155861 16025: 16010: 15981: 15967:, ed. (1911). 15965:Chisholm, Hugh 15959: 15956: 15955: 15954: 15933: 15899: 15881: 15856: 15824: 15804: 15786: 15766: 15748: 15727:Linnaeus, Carl 15723: 15715:Elizabeth Kent 15692: 15669: 15649: 15624: 15605: 15583: 15562: 15540: 15518: 15515: 15514: 15513: 15480: 15447:Justice, James 15443: 15411: 15385: 15369:, John (ed.). 15362: 15341:Linnaeus, Carl 15337: 15302: 15299: 15298: 15297: 15279: 15253: 15227: 15209: 15188: 15170: 15152: 15137:978-0521445498 15136: 15119: 15116: 15115: 15114: 15094: 15076: 15070: 15042: 15025: 15000: 14982: 14963: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14926: 14901: 14872: 14856:"Daffodil Day" 14847: 14831:"Daffodil Day" 14822: 14806:"Daffodil Day" 14797: 14772: 14747: 14714: 14684: 14654: 14624: 14590: 14560: 14530: 14505: 14503:, p. 379. 14493: 14481: 14479:, p. 662. 14469: 14467:, p. 583. 14457: 14455:, p. 545. 14445: 14436: 14419: 14407: 14392: 14380: 14364: 14348: 14332: 14316: 14309: 14291: 14276: 14264: 14252: 14226: 14193: 14161: 14127: 14102: 14073: 14047: 14031: 14019: 14007: 13991: 13961: 13933: 13906: 13879: 13867: 13847: 13845:, pp. 133–135. 13831: 13823:Ellacombe 1884 13815: 13807:Ellacombe 1884 13799: 13785:. pp. 4–8 13766: 13762:Ellacombe 1884 13751: 13739: 13727: 13723:Anonymous 1823 13715: 13682: 13663:(2): 112–120. 13644: 13616: 13586: 13574:978-1587261565 13573: 13549: 13523: 13496: 13458: 13428: 13390: 13352: 13322: 13290: 13258: 13234: 13202: 13170: 13138: 13106: 13090: 13078: 13066: 13036: 13020: 12993: 12977: 12941: 12925: 12903: 12874: 12845: 12819: 12787: 12785:, p. 131. 12775: 12756:(2): 353–355. 12733: 12704: 12692: 12676: 12660: 12652:Mabberley 2008 12644: 12625: 12596: 12566: 12554: 12505: 12502:on 2007-08-15. 12486: 12450: 12435: 12423: 12400: 12383: 12354: 12324: 12266: 12259: 12233: 12219:. 3 May 2009. 12201: 12172: 12143: 12107: 12089: 12066: 12037: 12031:978-1874431695 12030: 12012: 11996: 11984: 11972: 11953: 11924: 11920:Trinklein 2007 11909: 11886: 11874: 11846: 11838:Ellacombe 1884 11825: 11809: 11793: 11777: 11761: 11749: 11730: 11722:Parkinson 1629 11711: 11700:Parkinson 1629 11692: 11680: 11664: 11643: 11631: 11600: 11569: 11540: 11532:Ellacombe 1884 11519: 11506: 11486: 11470: 11448: 11444:Doorenbos 1954 11436: 11392: 11371: 11356: 11340: 11295: 11272: 11260: 11245: 11225: 11200: 11184: 11169: 11167:, pp. 334–337. 11153: 11141: 11125: 11114:(4): 425–437. 11094: 11082: 11066: 11030: 11011: 10984: 10972: 10953: 10941: 10924: 10905: 10889: 10877: 10865: 10853: 10841: 10825: 10809: 10790: 10761: 10746: 10734: 10722: 10687: 10667: 10655: 10643: 10628: 10608: 10592: 10568: 10556: 10541: 10526: 10507: 10484: 10472: 10447: 10418: 10406: 10394: 10370: 10337: 10308: 10294:(4): 389–400. 10274: 10253: 10229: 10215: 10194: 10182:978-0199232581 10181: 10159: 10147:978-0199888771 10146: 10124: 10095: 10066: 10064:, pp. 245-25]. 10050: 10019: 9994: 9961: 9937: 9919: 9899: 9843: 9840:on 2014-11-29. 9815:978-0199206872 9814: 9788: 9781: 9760:Beekes, Robert 9751: 9728: 9704: 9683: 9646: 9624: 9595: 9561: 9533: 9503: 9491:978-3800164899 9490: 9470: 9458: 9442: 9399: 9369: 9344:(4): 782–798. 9309: 9281: 9237: 9223:. André Levy. 9209: 9203:978-0900048531 9202: 9179: 9143: 9103: 9065: 9002: 8983:(2): 149–162. 8967: 8955: 8943:978-0521761475 8942: 8920: 8889: 8872: 8847: 8815: 8800: 8772: 8744: 8707: 8691: 8689:, p. 219. 8679: 8648: 8613: 8594: 8568: 8535: 8503: 8470: 8424: 8407: 8387: 8357: 8335: 8315: 8282: 8248: 8232: 8200: 8191:|journal= 8155: 8082: 8066: 8044: 7997: 7972: 7955: 7932:10.1086/675977 7926:(5): 501–517. 7916:Pseudonarcissi 7889: 7841: 7829: 7810: 7793: 7756: 7688: 7658: 7637: 7635:, pp. 100–101. 7612: 7593: 7587:978-1405332965 7586: 7561: 7528: 7473: 7443: 7427: 7407:Linnaeus, Carl 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7386: 7353: 7329:Masefield 2014 7320: 7295: 7278: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7221:Orange trumpet 7218: 7213: 7200: 7195: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7172:Cancer Council 7168:Cancer Society 7159: 7156: 7139: 7136: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7096: 7089: 7087: 7080: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7005:narges-e šahlâ 6988: 531–579 6968: 6965: 6941:art, however, 6939:Chinese Garden 6905: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6890: 6888: 6878: 6871: 6869: 6857: 6850: 6848: 6840:Jan van Scorel 6838: 6831: 6824: 6714:More recently 6683:Robert Herrick 6626:, Milton (see 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6472: 6469: 6335: 6332: 6328:Rose of Sharon 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6264:Robert Herrick 6180: 6177: 6172:Main article: 6169: 6166: 6153: 6152:Potted flowers 6150: 6137: 6134: 6129: 6126: 6067:United Kingdom 6047: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6025:6: Cyclamineus 6023: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6008:"Dutch Master" 6005: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5994:"Bridal Crown" 5991: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5969:6: Cyclamineus 5967: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5945: 5887:essential oils 5878: 5875: 5842: 5839: 5816:pancratistatin 5696: 5693: 5677:hallucinations 5671:and to induce 5578:antiphlogistic 5534:antineoplastic 5507:uterine tumors 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5462:N. bulbocodium 5435:hyperkeratosis 5419: 5416: 5371: 5368: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5238: 5235: 5194:Main article: 5177: 5176:Classification 5174: 5097:N. cyclamineus 5091:N. bulbocodium 5084: 5081: 5068: 5065: 5027: 5024: 5013:Plant breeders 4981: 4980: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4867:N. bulbocodium 4838:John Parkinson 4834: 4805:(a hybrid) in 4766:Willibaldsburg 4750:Hortus Medicus 4715: 4714: 4706:John Parkinson 4703: 4696: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4678: 4662: 4655: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4637: 4621: 4614: 4598: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4504: 4501: 4351:pests include 4342: 4341: 4339: 4319:Phoma narcissi 4130: 4129: 4127: 4095: 4094: 4092: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3915: 3912: 3877: 3876: 3849: 3820:sphingid moths 3812: 3732: 3729: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3571:rocky crevices 3535: 3532: 3397:United Kingdom 3371:and along the 3308:N. bulbocodium 3172:Amaryllidaceae 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3104: 3101: 3076: 3073: 3001:is from Greek 2959:N. juncifolius 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2910:Late Oligocene 2883: 2880: 2850:Adrian Haworth 2809:Main article: 2806: 2803: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2743:N. bulbocodium 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2710: 2709: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686:(J. Gay) Baker 2679: 2678: 2662: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2619: 2602: 2593: 2592: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2551: 2541: 2540: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2512: 2511: 2494: 2492: 2483: 2482: 2465: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2437: 2435: 2427: 2418: 2417: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2388: 2387: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2350: 2349: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2321: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2283: 2208: 2205: 2197:paraperigonium 2148:Amaryllidaceae 2075:Amaryllidaceae 2059: 2056: 2040:William Turner 1981: 1978: 1967: 1957: 1954: 1949:Main article: 1946: 1943: 1931:sesquiterpenes 1859: 1856: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1793:Phytochemistry 1791: 1741: 1738: 1722:N. bulbocodium 1693: 1692: 1690: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1620:There are six 1618: 1617: 1615: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1511:, erect as in 1459:N. bulbocodium 1430:N. bulbocodium 1424:N. cyclamineus 1384:monocotyledons 1338: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1271:hermaphroditic 1257: 1256: 1254: 1222:) or without ( 1169: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1095: 1094: 1092: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 951:N. asturiensis 931:is a genus of 925: 922: 904: 897: 896: 895: 890: 883: 882: 881: 867: 860: 859: 858: 854: 853: 852: 851: 844: 837: 836: 835: 821: 814: 813: 812: 791: 784: 783: 782: 777: 770: 769: 768: 754: 747: 746: 745: 734:N. bulbocodium 731: 724: 723: 722: 715:N. cyclamineus 712: 705: 704: 703: 678: 671: 670: 669: 653: 646: 645: 644: 630: 623: 622: 621: 614: 613: 612: 611: 593: 586: 585: 584: 568: 561: 560: 559: 555: 554: 553: 552: 550: 547: 405:Amaryllidaceae 384: 383: 351: 350: 348:Floral formula 338:Floral diagram 300: 299: 290: 289: 285: 284: 279: 270: 269: 263: 262: 249: 245: 244: 239: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 222:Amaryllidaceae 219: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 199: 192: 191: 186: 179: 178: 173: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 142: 141: 133: 132: 124: 123: 119:Late Oligocene 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21958: 21947: 21944: 21942: 21939: 21937: 21934: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21926:Garden plants 21924: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21902: 21899: 21898: 21896: 21879: 21874: 21870: 21866: 21860: 21856: 21851: 21847: 21843: 21837: 21833: 21828: 21824: 21820: 21815: 21811: 21807: 21802: 21798: 21794: 21789: 21785: 21781: 21775: 21771: 21766: 21762: 21758: 21753: 21749: 21745: 21740: 21736: 21732: 21727: 21723: 21719: 21714: 21710: 21706: 21701: 21697: 21693: 21688: 21684: 21680: 21675: 21671: 21667: 21662: 21658: 21654: 21649: 21645: 21641: 21636: 21632: 21628: 21623: 21619: 21615: 21610: 21606: 21602: 21597: 21593: 21589: 21584: 21580: 21576: 21571: 21567: 21563: 21558: 21554: 21550: 21544: 21539: 21533: 21529: 21524: 21518: 21514: 21513: 21511: 21509: 21505: 21501: 21496: 21489: 21484: 21480: 21477: 21472: 21468: 21466:at Wiktionary 21465: 21464: 21458: 21454: 21453: 21436:on 2015-01-03 21432: 21428: 21424: 21420: 21410: 21405: 21404: 21388: 21386:9785880963072 21382: 21378: 21377: 21371: 21360: 21359: 21353: 21343:on 2001-05-16 21342: 21338: 21334: 21330: 21319: 21315: 21311: 21310: 21292:on 2014-11-03 21291: 21287: 21283: 21279: 21269:on 2015-09-23 21268: 21264: 21260: 21259: 21250:on 2014-11-03 21249: 21245: 21241: 21229: 21225: 21224: 21214: 21210: 21209: 21190: 21186: 21185: 21175: 21171: 21160: 21156: 21152: 21141: 21137: 21127:on 2014-11-04 21126: 21122: 21118: 21117:"IBS Gallery" 21114: 21102: 21098: 21094: 21093: 21083: 21079: 21066: 21062: 21051: 21047: 21036: 21032: 21031: 21021: 21017: 21007:on 2014-11-17 21003: 20999: 20995: 20994: 20985: 20984: 20978: 20967: 20963: 20961: 20955: 20944:on 2015-01-01 20943: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20928: 20918: 20914: 20913: 20908: 20906: 20900: 20890: 20887: 20885: 20879: 20869:on 2017-09-05 20868: 20864: 20860: 20858: 20852: 20851: 20834: 20830: 20825: 20814: 20810: 20805: 20801: 20795: 20791: 20786: 20776: 20770: 20766: 20765: 20759: 20758: 20742: 20736: 20732: 20731: 20725: 20721: 20715: 20711: 20706: 20696: 20690: 20686: 20685: 20680: 20676: 20666: 20660: 20655: 20654: 20648: 20644: 20634: 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19865: 19861: 19856: 19845: 19841: 19831:on 2014-12-17 19830: 19826: 19822: 19820: 19814: 19803: 19799: 19788: 19784: 19782: 19776: 19775: 19765: 19761: 19757: 19753: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19736: 19732: 19728: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19705: 19701: 19697: 19692: 19681: 19676: 19672: 19668: 19664: 19662: 19655: 19650: 19645: 19641: 19637: 19633: 19631: 19624: 19619: 19614: 19610: 19606: 19602: 19600: 19596: 19589: 19584: 19579: 19575: 19571: 19567: 19565: 19558: 19554: 19550: 19546: 19542: 19538: 19534: 19530: 19526: 19521: 19511: 19507: 19503: 19499: 19495: 19491: 19487: 19483: 19479: 19477: 19473: 19469: 19462: 19452: 19448: 19444: 19440: 19436: 19431: 19420: 19416: 19409: 19407: 19400: 19390: 19386: 19381: 19376: 19372: 19368: 19361: 19356: 19352: 19348: 19344: 19340: 19336: 19331: 19330: 19320: 19316: 19311: 19306: 19302: 19298: 19294: 19290: 19286: 19281: 19271:on 2014-12-20 19267: 19260: 19255: 19251: 19247: 19244:(1): 23–IN1. 19243: 19239: 19235: 19231: 19226: 19222: 19218: 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18538: 18534: 18530: 18526: 18521: 18511: 18505: 18500: 18499: 18492: 18482: 18476: 18472: 18471: 18465: 18464: 18442: 18438: 18434: 18424:on 2014-11-02 18423: 18419: 18415: 18410: 18409: 18393:on 2014-12-06 18392: 18388: 18384: 18374:on 2015-03-19 18373: 18369: 18365: 18360: 18350:on 2020-09-28 18346: 18342: 18338: 18328: 18324: 18314:on 2014-12-29 18313: 18309: 18305: 18300: 18290: 18286: 18281: 18270: 18266: 18261: 18250: 18246: 18241: 18231: 18224: 18219: 18209:on 2014-05-31 18208: 18204: 18199: 18198: 18182: 18176: 18172: 18171: 18165: 18155: 18149: 18145: 18144: 18138: 18128: 18122: 18118: 18117: 18111: 18101: 18095: 18091: 18090: 18084: 18074: 18068: 18064: 18063: 18058: 18054: 18051: 18038: 18037: 18031: 18017: 18016: 18011: 18007: 17997: 17995:9780080541990 17991: 17987: 17986: 17980: 17979: 17962: 17958: 17954: 17950: 17946: 17942: 17938: 17934: 17930: 17926: 17922: 17917: 17913: 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17885: 17881: 17877: 17872: 17868: 17864: 17860: 17856: 17852: 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17222: 17219:Phylogenetics 17206:on 2014-10-06 17202: 17198: 17194: 17187: 17182: 17172: 17168: 17164: 17160: 17153: 17151: 17144: 17140: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17122: 17118: 17114: 17110: 17106: 17104: 17097: 17093: 17089: 17085: 17081: 17077: 17073: 17067: 17057:on 2014-10-20 17053: 17049: 17045: 17038: 17033: 17022: 17018: 17011: 17006: 17002: 16998: 16994: 16990: 16985: 16974: 16970: 16963: 16958: 16947: 16943: 16936: 16931: 16930: 16914: 16910: 16906: 16902: 16895: 16890: 16879: 16875: 16870: 16866: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16848: 16844: 16839: 16835: 16831: 16827: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16808: 16804: 16800: 16796: 16791: 16780: 16776: 16772: 16768: 16764: 16753: 16749: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16723: 16719: 16715: 16710: 16699: 16695: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16683: 16661: 16658: 16653: 16642: 16638: 16633: 16623:. p. 269 16622: 16618: 16614: 16604: 16599: 16589:on 2014-12-30 16588: 16584: 16579: 16575: 16574:9788433852175 16571: 16567: 16566: 16561: 16560: 16557: 16555:9788492807130 16551: 16547: 16540: 16538: 16531: 16518: 16514: 16507: 16505: 16498: 16497: 16487: 16483: 16482:Flora Iberica 16479: 16475: 16465: 16459: 16455: 16451: 16449: 16442: 16431: 16430: 16424: 16414: 16408: 16404: 16403: 16397: 16387: 16381: 16377: 16373: 16368: 16367: 16351: 16345: 16341: 16337: 16332: 16328: 16322: 16318: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16297: 16291: 16287: 16286: 16280: 16270: 16264: 16260: 16259: 16253: 16243: 16237: 16233: 16229: 16224: 16214: 16208: 16204: 16203: 16197: 16187: 16181: 16177: 16176: 16170: 16169: 16153: 16147: 16143: 16142: 16137: 16133: 16129: 16123: 16119: 16114: 16104: 16098: 16094: 16093: 16087: 16083: 16077: 16073: 16069: 16065: 16055: 16049: 16045: 16044: 16038: 16028: 16022: 16018: 16017: 16011: 16007: 16003: 15999: 15995: 15991: 15987: 15982: 15978: 15977: 15971: 15966: 15962: 15961: 15944: 15943: 15938: 15934: 15930: 15924: 15909: 15905: 15900: 15889: 15888: 15882: 15868: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15853: 15847: 15832: 15831: 15825: 15814: 15810: 15805: 15794: 15793: 15787: 15776: 15772: 15767: 15756: 15755: 15749: 15738: 15737: 15732: 15728: 15724: 15721: 15720: 15716: 15702: 15698: 15693: 15682: 15678: 15674: 15670: 15660: 15659: 15654: 15650: 15639: 15638: 15637:Les liliacées 15634:(1805–1808). 15633: 15629: 15625: 15614: 15613: 15606: 15595: 15594: 15588: 15584: 15573: 15572: 15567: 15566:Brown, Robert 15563: 15552: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15530: 15526: 15521: 15520: 15504: 15500: 15496: 15492: 15488: 15487: 15481: 15471: 15467: 15463: 15459: 15455: 15454: 15448: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15424: 15419: 15418: 15412: 15409: 15405: 15393: 15392: 15386: 15375: 15374: 15368: 15363: 15361: 15348: 15347: 15342: 15338: 15328: 15324: 15320: 15316: 15312: 15311: 15305: 15304: 15287: 15286: 15280: 15270: 15266: 15262: 15261: 15254: 15244: 15240: 15237:. Nuremberg. 15236: 15235: 15228: 15217: 15216: 15210: 15199: 15198: 15193: 15189: 15178: 15177: 15171: 15160: 15159: 15153: 15151: 15139: 15133: 15129: 15128: 15122: 15121: 15104: 15100: 15095: 15084: 15083: 15077: 15073: 15067: 15063: 15059: 15054: 15053: 15047: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15026: 15016: 15012: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14990: 14989: 14983: 14973: 14969: 14964: 14953: 14952: 14946: 14945: 14915: 14911: 14905: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14876: 14861: 14857: 14851: 14836: 14832: 14826: 14811: 14807: 14801: 14786: 14782: 14776: 14761: 14757: 14751: 14736: 14732: 14728: 14726: 14718: 14703: 14699: 14695: 14688: 14673: 14669: 14665: 14658: 14644:on 2016-08-13 14643: 14639: 14635: 14628: 14613: 14609: 14605: 14603: 14594: 14579: 14575: 14571: 14564: 14549: 14545: 14541: 14534: 14519: 14515: 14509: 14502: 14497: 14491:, p. 72. 14490: 14489:Schimmel 1998 14485: 14478: 14473: 14466: 14461: 14454: 14449: 14440: 14433: 14429: 14423: 14414: 14412: 14405:, p. 165 14404: 14403:Schimmel 1992 14399: 14397: 14390:, p. 71. 14389: 14388:Schimmel 1998 14384: 14377: 14373: 14368: 14361: 14357: 14352: 14345: 14344:Zhao Mengjian 14341: 14336: 14329: 14328:Zhao Mengjian 14325: 14320: 14312: 14306: 14302: 14295: 14288: 14286: 14280: 14273: 14268: 14261: 14256: 14242:on 2015-02-27 14241: 14237: 14230: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14200: 14198: 14182: 14178: 14174: 14168: 14166: 14151:on 2015-05-12 14150: 14146: 14142: 14138: 14131: 14117:on 2014-10-06 14116: 14112: 14106: 14091: 14087: 14083: 14077: 14062: 14058: 14051: 14044: 14043:The Lent Lily 14040: 14035: 14028: 14023: 14016: 14011: 14004: 14000: 13995: 13989: 13976: 13975: 13972: 13965: 13950: 13943: 13937: 13931: 13930:Singer (1846) 13919: 13918: 13910: 13904: 13903:Singer (1846) 13892: 13891: 13890:To Daffadills 13883: 13876: 13871: 13864: 13862: 13856: 13851: 13844: 13840: 13835: 13828: 13824: 13819: 13812: 13808: 13803: 13797: 13784: 13783: 13780: 13773: 13771: 13763: 13758: 13756: 13748: 13743: 13736: 13735:Burbidge 1875 13731: 13724: 13719: 13713: 13700: 13699: 13696: 13689: 13687: 13678: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13651: 13649: 13633: 13629: 13628: 13620: 13605: 13601: 13599: 13590: 13576: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13561: 13553: 13538: 13534: 13527: 13521: 13516:. p. 24. 13512: 13511: 13506: 13500: 13494: 13481: 13478:. p. 9. 13474: 13473: 13468: 13462: 13447: 13443: 13439: 13432: 13426: 13413: 13406: 13405: 13400: 13394: 13388: 13375: 13368: 13367: 13362: 13356: 13341: 13337: 13333: 13326: 13319: 13308: 13301: 13294: 13287: 13276: 13269: 13262: 13248: 13244: 13238: 13231: 13220: 13213: 13206: 13199: 13188: 13181: 13174: 13167: 13156: 13149: 13142: 13135: 13124: 13117: 13110: 13103: 13099: 13094: 13087: 13082: 13075: 13070: 13056:on 2014-10-09 13055: 13051: 13047: 13040: 13033: 13029: 13024: 13018: 13009: 13008: 13000: 12998: 12990: 12986: 12981: 12966: 12962: 12960: 12952: 12945: 12938: 12934: 12929: 12914: 12907: 12901: 12888: 12884: 12878: 12872: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12834: 12830: 12823: 12816: 12805: 12798: 12791: 12784: 12779: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12738: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12708: 12701: 12696: 12689: 12685: 12680: 12673: 12669: 12664: 12657: 12653: 12648: 12641: 12637: 12632: 12630: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12600: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12570: 12563: 12558: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12525:(8): 828–30. 12524: 12520: 12516: 12509: 12501: 12497: 12490: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12454: 12447: 12446:Hartwell 1967 12442: 12440: 12432: 12427: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12409: 12404: 12398: 12394: 12393: 12387: 12372: 12368: 12364: 12358: 12343: 12339: 12335: 12328: 12320: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12279: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12271: 12262: 12260:9780124695306 12256: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12243:The Alkaloids 12237: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12208: 12206: 12191:on 2014-10-15 12190: 12186: 12182: 12176: 12162:on 2014-10-15 12161: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12136:September 10, 12128: 12124: 12117: 12111: 12096: 12092: 12090:9781907057502 12086: 12082: 12081: 12073: 12071: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12041: 12033: 12027: 12023: 12016: 12009: 12005: 12000: 11993: 11988: 11981: 11976: 11969: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11928: 11921: 11916: 11914: 11906: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11883: 11878: 11872:, p. 32) 11871: 11859: 11858: 11854:Barr (1884). 11850: 11843: 11839: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11822: 11818: 11813: 11806: 11802: 11797: 11790: 11786: 11781: 11774: 11770: 11765: 11758: 11753: 11746: 11742: 11737: 11735: 11727: 11723: 11718: 11716: 11708: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11689: 11684: 11677: 11673: 11668: 11661: 11657: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11640: 11635: 11629: 11628:Besler (1613) 11616: 11612: 11611: 11604: 11598: 11585: 11581: 11580: 11573: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11544: 11537: 11533: 11528: 11526: 11524: 11509: 11503: 11499: 11498: 11490: 11483: 11479: 11474: 11468: 11467:Turner (1995) 11462: 11458: 11452: 11445: 11440: 11431: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11412: 11408: 11399: 11397: 11389: 11385: 11380: 11378: 11376: 11368: 11363: 11361: 11353: 11349: 11344: 11329: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11310: 11308: 11299: 11293: 11287: 11283: 11280:Hanks, G. R. 11276: 11269: 11268:Slootweg 1956 11264: 11257: 11252: 11250: 11242: 11240: 11234: 11229: 11222: 11218: 11213: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11197: 11193: 11188: 11181: 11176: 11174: 11166: 11162: 11161:Gratwick 1992 11157: 11150: 11145: 11138: 11134: 11129: 11121: 11117: 11113: 11109: 11105: 11098: 11091: 11086: 11079: 11075: 11070: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11026: 11022: 11015: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10988: 10981: 10976: 10969: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10950: 10945: 10938: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10921: 10917: 10912: 10910: 10902: 10898: 10893: 10886: 10881: 10874: 10869: 10862: 10857: 10850: 10845: 10838: 10834: 10829: 10822: 10818: 10813: 10806: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10795: 10787: 10783: 10778: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10758: 10753: 10751: 10743: 10738: 10731: 10726: 10719: 10715: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10684: 10678: 10671: 10664: 10659: 10652: 10647: 10640: 10635: 10633: 10625: 10619: 10612: 10605: 10601: 10596: 10589: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10565: 10560: 10553: 10548: 10546: 10538: 10533: 10531: 10523: 10519: 10514: 10512: 10504: 10502: 10496: 10491: 10489: 10481: 10476: 10461: 10457: 10451: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10415: 10414:eMonocot 2014 10410: 10403: 10398: 10384: 10380: 10374: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10344: 10342: 10327:on 2014-11-11 10326: 10322: 10315: 10313: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10285: 10278: 10270: 10269: 10264: 10257: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10233: 10225: 10219: 10211: 10210: 10205: 10198: 10184: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10163: 10149: 10143: 10139: 10135: 10128: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10070: 10063: 10059: 10054: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10023: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9979: 9975: 9968: 9966: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9941: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9903: 9897: 9881: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9866:Dweck, A. C. 9862: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9839: 9835: 9822:on 2014-09-25 9821: 9817: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9784: 9782:9789004174184 9778: 9774: 9765: 9761: 9755: 9749:, "Narcissus" 9748: 9744: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9708: 9700: 9699: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9669:Scott, Robert 9666: 9662: 9653: 9651: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9613: 9609: 9607: 9599: 9585: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9573: 9565: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9538: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9493: 9487: 9483: 9482: 9474: 9467: 9462: 9455: 9451: 9446: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9406: 9404: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9376: 9374: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9335: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9298: 9294: 9288: 9286: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9241: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9214: 9205: 9199: 9195: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9169:on 2014-10-06 9168: 9164: 9160: 9157: 9150: 9148: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9114: 9107: 9092: 9085: 9083: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9007: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8971: 8964: 8959: 8945: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8924: 8918: 8905: 8904: 8896: 8894: 8886: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8861: 8857: 8851: 8845: 8832: 8828: 8827: 8819: 8813: 8809: 8804: 8798: 8785: 8784: 8776: 8770: 8757: 8756: 8748: 8730: 8723: 8722: 8714: 8712: 8704: 8700: 8695: 8688: 8683: 8677: 8664: 8663: 8655: 8653: 8646: 8633: 8629: 8628: 8620: 8618: 8610: 8606: 8601: 8599: 8583: 8579: 8572: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8519: 8515: 8514: 8507: 8493:on 2013-09-27 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8474: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8431: 8429: 8422: 8410: 8408:9780598910783 8404: 8400: 8399: 8391: 8385: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8355: 8342: 8338: 8336:9780598910783 8332: 8328: 8327: 8319: 8313: 8300: 8296: 8289: 8287: 8280: 8267: 8263: 8262: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8241: 8236: 8230: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8204: 8196: 8184: 8176: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8158: 8156:9780124695634 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8079: 8075: 8074:Kubitzki 1998 8070: 8064: 8051: 8047: 8045:9780203219355 8041: 8037: 8036: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 7994: 7992: 7986: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7969: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7838: 7837:Johnston 2007 7833: 7826: 7822: 7817: 7815: 7808: 7796: 7794:9780521201087 7790: 7786: 7785: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7752: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7662: 7655: 7651: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7634: 7630: 7629:Kubitzki 1998 7625: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7609: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7589: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7525: 7523: 7517: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7436: 7431: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7400: 7395: 7383: 7379: 7378:Graves (1949) 7375: 7374: 7369: 7365: 7364: 7357: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7337:Jamieson 1879 7334: 7330: 7324: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7306: 7299: 7292: 7288: 7282: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7264:British Isles 7261: 7260: 7255: 7254: 7249: 7248: 7241: 7237: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7183: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7122:The Daffodils 7119: 7115: 7101: 7100: 7093: 7088: 7084: 7077: 7072: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7006: 6999: 6993: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6943:Zhao Mengjian 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6925:prior to the 6924: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6894: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6775:, the floral 6774: 6768: 6766: 6765:Paul Gerhardt 6762: 6758: 6754: 6753:Narcisse Noir 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6724:The Lent Lily 6721: 6717: 6716:A. E. Housman 6712: 6710: 6709:Greek culture 6706: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6665:Shakespeare, 6663: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6628:Roman culture 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6552: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6516:Metamorphoses 6512: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6477: 6471:Roman culture 6468: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6440: 6437:A passage by 6435: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6334:Greek culture 6331: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6235: 6233: 6227: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6192: 6189: 6185: 6175: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6118:hundredweight 6115: 6111: 6105: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6054: 6053:United States 6044: 6041: 6038: 6036:"Ice Follies" 6035: 6034: 6030: 6028:Yellow–Orange 6027: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5966:"Tête-à-Tête" 5965: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5942: 5940: 5939:'Tête-à-Tête' 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5906: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5891:horticultural 5888: 5884: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5847: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5757:antifertility 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5713:antibacterial 5710: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5638:contraception 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5606:antispasmodic 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5570:medical herbs 5567: 5566: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5465: 5463: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5362:N. papyraceus 5358: 5354: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5234: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5190: 5187: 5182: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4985: 4974: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4931:horticultural 4927: 4925: 4922: 4919:Lauremberg's 4918: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4903:Philip Miller 4901:". Similarly 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4618: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4445: 4440: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4108: 4104:but includes 4103: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4066:(TomRSV) and 4065: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4022: 4016: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3947:can transmit 3946: 3945: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3654: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3587:will grow on 3586: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3528:Baetic Ranges 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3484:N. scaberulus 3480: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3264:Great Britain 3261: 3257: 3253: 3252:introductions 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3057:Greek culture 3054: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2914:Early Miocene 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2755:Phylogenetics 2745: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2723: 2717:(Salisb.) Pax 2715: 2712: 2711: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2631: 2625: 2624:Angustifoliae 2622: 2621: 2614: 2613: 2612:N. papyraceus 2607: 2603: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2476: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2376: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2363: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288:(Mathew 2002) 2287: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2217:hybridization 2214: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036:Albert Magnus 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1973: 1966: 1963: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1846:also contain 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780:N. papyraceus 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1322:(hypanthium), 1321: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283:actinomorphic 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1205:N. papyraceus 1201: 1200:inflorescence 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1173:inflorescence 1167: 1165:Inflorescence 1164: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1036: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1019:that splits ( 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 961: 959: 958: 953: 952: 947: 943: 940: 937: 934: 930: 916: 915: 910: 907: 901: 887: 877: 873: 872: 864: 841: 831: 827: 826: 818: 807: 803: 802: 797: 794: 788: 774: 763: 759: 758: 751: 740: 736: 735: 728: 717: 716: 709: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 682: 675: 665: 663: 658: 657: 656:N. papyraceus 650: 640: 639: 634: 627: 617: 605: 601: 600: 596: 590: 580: 576: 575: 571: 565: 546: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 511: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457:hybridisation 454: 453: 448: 444: 440: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393: 352: 349: 345: 339: 334: 327: 320: 316: 312: 311: 306: 298: 296: 291: 286: 282: 277: 276: 271: 268: 264: 260: 255: 254: 250: 247: 246: 243: 240: 237: 236: 233: 230: 227: 226: 223: 220: 217: 216: 213: 210: 207: 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 193: 190: 187: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176:Tracheophytes 174: 171: 168: 167: 164: 161: 158: 157: 152: 147: 143: 140: 139: 134: 130: 125: 120: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 53: 44: 40: 37: 33: 19: 21507: 21462: 21438:. Retrieved 21431:the original 21427:Awaji Island 21412:. Retrieved 21390:. Retrieved 21375: 21363:. Retrieved 21357: 21345:. Retrieved 21341:the original 21336: 21322:. Retrieved 21294:. Retrieved 21290:the original 21285: 21271:. Retrieved 21267:the original 21252:. Retrieved 21248:the original 21231:. Retrieved 21217:. Retrieved 21193:. Retrieved 21178:. Retrieved 21163:. Retrieved 21158: 21144:. Retrieved 21129:. Retrieved 21125:the original 21120: 21104:. Retrieved 21086:. Retrieved 21069:. Retrieved 21054:. Retrieved 21039:. Retrieved 21024:. Retrieved 21009:. Retrieved 21002:the original 20982: 20970:. Retrieved 20965: 20959: 20946:. Retrieved 20942:the original 20937: 20932: 20920:. Retrieved 20910: 20904: 20892:. Retrieved 20888: 20883: 20871:. Retrieved 20867:the original 20862: 20856: 20837:. Retrieved 20835:. p. 10 20832: 20817:. Retrieved 20812: 20789: 20778:. Retrieved 20763: 20744:. Retrieved 20729: 20709: 20698:. Retrieved 20683: 20668:. Retrieved 20652: 20636:. 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Retrieved 19786: 19780: 19779:"Narcissus ( 19755: 19751: 19734: 19730: 19726: 19722: 19703: 19699: 19684:. Retrieved 19670: 19666: 19660: 19639: 19635: 19629: 19608: 19604: 19598: 19594: 19576:(2): 81–86. 19573: 19569: 19563: 19528: 19524: 19513:. Retrieved 19485: 19481: 19475: 19471: 19467: 19454:. Retrieved 19442: 19438: 19423:. Retrieved 19418: 19414: 19405: 19392:. Retrieved 19373:(1): 11–14. 19370: 19366: 19342: 19338: 19334: 19292: 19288: 19273:. Retrieved 19266:the original 19241: 19237: 19233: 19229: 19207:(S3): 1–29. 19204: 19200: 19189:. Retrieved 19177: 19171: 19167: 19163: 19136: 19132: 19115: 19111: 19107: 19103: 19071:(4): 235–7. 19068: 19064: 19058: 19038:. Retrieved 19026: 19022: 19001: 18998:Nematologica 18997: 18970: 18966: 18960: 18947:. Retrieved 18942: 18925:. Retrieved 18921: 18917: 18892:. Retrieved 18877: 18865:. Retrieved 18850: 18838:. Retrieved 18823: 18811:. Retrieved 18796: 18761: 18750:. Retrieved 18735: 18723:. Retrieved 18708: 18689:. 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Retrieved 17463: 17459: 17430: 17426: 17391: 17387: 17367:(1): 29–39. 17364: 17360: 17354: 17350: 17319: 17315: 17294: 17290: 17268:(1): 45–53. 17265: 17261: 17234: 17230: 17208:. Retrieved 17201:the original 17196: 17192: 17174:. Retrieved 17162: 17158: 17149: 17112: 17108: 17102: 17075: 17071: 17059:. Retrieved 17052:the original 17047: 17043: 17025:. Retrieved 17020: 17016: 16992: 16988: 16977:. Retrieved 16972: 16968: 16950:. Retrieved 16945: 16941: 16916:. Retrieved 16904: 16900: 16882:. Retrieved 16877: 16846: 16842: 16825: 16821: 16805:(1): 17–27. 16802: 16798: 16783:. Retrieved 16778: 16774: 16756:. Retrieved 16754:(2): 211–220 16751: 16747: 16721: 16717: 16702:. Retrieved 16697: 16691: 16664:. Retrieved 16659: 16645:. Retrieved 16640: 16625:. Retrieved 16620: 16606:. Retrieved 16591:. Retrieved 16587:the original 16564: 16545: 16536: 16521:. Retrieved 16512: 16503: 16490:. Retrieved 16481: 16467:. Retrieved 16453: 16447: 16434:. Retrieved 16428: 16416:. 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Retrieved 14517: 14508: 14501:Krausch 2012 14496: 14484: 14472: 14460: 14448: 14439: 14431: 14427: 14422: 14383: 14367: 14351: 14335: 14319: 14300: 14294: 14284: 14279: 14267: 14255: 14244:. Retrieved 14240:the original 14229: 14218:. Retrieved 14209: 14185:. Retrieved 14176: 14153:. Retrieved 14149:the original 14140: 14130: 14119:. Retrieved 14115:the original 14105: 14094:. Retrieved 14085: 14076: 14065:. Retrieved 14060: 14050: 14042: 14039:Housman 1896 14034: 14022: 14010: 13994: 13979:. Retrieved 13974: 13973:"Foresighrt" 13971: 13964: 13953:. Retrieved 13936: 13921:. Retrieved 13916: 13909: 13894:. Retrieved 13889: 13882: 13870: 13860: 13855:Spenser 1579 13850: 13834: 13818: 13802: 13787:. Retrieved 13782: 13779: 13742: 13730: 13718: 13703:. Retrieved 13698: 13695: 13660: 13656: 13636:. Retrieved 13626: 13619: 13608:. Retrieved 13597: 13589: 13578:. Retrieved 13559: 13552: 13541:. Retrieved 13526: 13509: 13499: 13484:. Retrieved 13471: 13461: 13450:. 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Retrieved 12579: 12569: 12562:CID9651 2015 12557: 12522: 12518: 12508: 12500:the original 12489: 12464: 12460: 12453: 12426: 12416: 12413: 12403: 12391: 12386: 12375:. Retrieved 12366: 12357: 12346:. Retrieved 12337: 12327: 12292: 12288: 12242: 12236: 12225:. Retrieved 12216: 12193:. Retrieved 12189:the original 12184: 12175: 12164:. Retrieved 12160:the original 12155: 12146: 12134:. Retrieved 12110: 12099:. Retrieved 12079: 12058:. Retrieved 12040: 12021: 12015: 11999: 11987: 11975: 11965: 11956: 11945:. Retrieved 11936: 11927: 11877: 11861:. Retrieved 11856: 11849: 11817:Justice 1771 11812: 11796: 11780: 11764: 11757:Maddock 1792 11752: 11704: 11695: 11683: 11667: 11634: 11619:. Retrieved 11609: 11603: 11588:. Retrieved 11578: 11572: 11561:. Retrieved 11552: 11543: 11511:. Retrieved 11496: 11489: 11473: 11460: 11451: 11439: 11423:(1): 29–39. 11420: 11416: 11410: 11406: 11367:Krelage 1890 11343: 11332:. Retrieved 11318: 11312: 11306: 11298: 11292:Hanks (2002) 11285: 11281: 11275: 11263: 11238: 11228: 11187: 11156: 11144: 11128: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11085: 11069: 11058:. Retrieved 11046: 11033: 11024: 11020: 11014: 11000:(1): 24–54. 10997: 10993: 10987: 10975: 10965: 10956: 10949:Mantell 1973 10944: 10937:Boerema 1989 10922:, pp. 95–96. 10892: 10880: 10868: 10856: 10844: 10828: 10812: 10737: 10725: 10670: 10658: 10646: 10611: 10595: 10586:Find Viruses 10585: 10559: 10500: 10480:Medrano 2008 10475: 10464:. Retrieved 10450: 10439:. Retrieved 10430: 10421: 10409: 10397: 10386:. Retrieved 10382: 10373: 10362:. Retrieved 10353: 10329:. Retrieved 10325:the original 10300:. Retrieved 10291: 10287: 10277: 10266: 10256: 10232: 10223: 10218: 10207: 10197: 10186:. Retrieved 10172: 10162: 10151:. Retrieved 10137: 10127: 10116:. Retrieved 10107: 10098: 10087:. Retrieved 10078: 10069: 10058:Clusius 1576 10053: 10042:. Retrieved 10032: 10022: 10011:. Retrieved 10006: 9997: 9982:. Retrieved 9974:"9. Boeotia" 9940: 9929:. Retrieved 9909: 9902: 9896:Hanks (2002) 9887:. Retrieved 9872: 9868: 9838:the original 9824:. Retrieved 9820:the original 9804: 9772: 9754: 9707: 9696: 9686: 9672: 9635: 9627: 9616:. Retrieved 9605: 9598: 9587:. Retrieved 9577: 9571: 9564: 9553:. Retrieved 9525:. Retrieved 9495:. Retrieved 9480: 9473: 9461: 9445: 9434:. Retrieved 9422: 9418: 9385: 9381: 9361:. Retrieved 9341: 9337: 9301:. Retrieved 9269:. Retrieved 9260:(1): 47–76. 9257: 9253: 9240: 9229:. Retrieved 9193: 9171:. Retrieved 9167:the original 9162: 9158: 9135:. Retrieved 9123: 9119: 9106: 9095:. Retrieved 9090: 9081: 9039: 9035: 8980: 8976: 8970: 8963:Stevens 2015 8958: 8947:. Retrieved 8933: 8923: 8908:. Retrieved 8902: 8864:. Retrieved 8850: 8844:Spach (1846) 8835:. Retrieved 8825: 8818: 8808:Herbert 1837 8803: 8788:. Retrieved 8782: 8775: 8760:. Retrieved 8754: 8747: 8736:. Retrieved 8720: 8694: 8682: 8667:. Retrieved 8661: 8636:. Retrieved 8626: 8586:. 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Retrieved 7414: 7381: 7371: 7361: 7356: 7323: 7315:Macluravirus 7313: 7309: 7303: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7267: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7240: 7161: 7151: 7141: 7125: 7118:DAF Daffodil 7111: 7097: 7082: 7055: 7029: 7025: 6970: 6961:Awaji Island 6954: 6934: 6927:Song dynasty 6918: 6912: 6907: 6883: 6862: 6843: 6825: 6816:resurrection 6793: 6788: 6772: 6769: 6752: 6741:Rumer Godden 6736: 6734: 6727: 6723: 6713: 6704: 6694: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6607: 6604: 6598: 6556: 6550: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6483: 6474: 6457:Theophrastus 6446: 6436: 6423: 6418: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6383:Homeric Hymn 6376: 6370: 6340:Graeco-Roman 6337: 6313: 6307: 6259: 6257: 6250: 6246: 6236: 6230:), while in 6221: 6210: 6196: 6188:N. triandrus 6158: 6155: 6139: 6131: 6106: 6102: 6090: 6071: 6060: 6050: 6039:2: Large cup 6000:White–Yellow 5983:2: Large cup 5911: 5899:floriculture 5880: 5852: 5841:Therapeutics 5834: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5812:narciclasine 5809: 5793:benzoquinone 5784: 5777:allelopathic 5765:chronotropic 5741:antiplatelet 5725:insecticidal 5721:antimalarial 5700: 5699:Extracts of 5698: 5664: 5662: 5633: 5626:dislocations 5612:and also an 5594:decongestant 5563: 5555: 5554: 5532:contain the 5529: 5492: 5486: 5478: 5476: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5421: 5409: 5404: 5386:, salts and 5373: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5346: 5314:N. jonquilla 5313: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5274: 5272: 5269:Pharmacology 5257: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5212: 5210: 5201: 5199: 5185: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5121:N. serotinus 5119: 5113: 5107: 5103:N. jonquilla 5101: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5073:twin-scaling 5070: 5045: 5037: 5035:of 6.5–7.0. 5029: 5017: 4992: 4956: 4935: 4928: 4923: 4916: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4866: 4862: 4848: 4841: 4831: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4783: 4773: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4716: 4709: 4673: 4663: 4632: 4624:N. serotinus 4622: 4605: 4592: 4591: 4557: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4509: 4506: 4503:Conservation 4487: 4480: 4474: 4471:trichodorids 4464: 4458: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4423: 4419:Rhizoglyphus 4417: 4411: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4376: 4370: 4360: 4348: 4343: 4323: 4317: 4309: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4278:T. harzianum 4276: 4270: 4269:, including 4264: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4204: 4194: 4188: 4187:, including 4182: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4165:N. jonquilla 4163: 4157: 4153:N. triandrus 4151: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4017: 4010: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3942: 3937: 3919: 3918:Diseases of 3917: 3901: 3895: 3878: 3873:N. triandrus 3872: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3825:Macroglossum 3823: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3760: 3739:, the major 3734: 3722: 3715: 3688: 3681: 3677:N. serotinus 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3652: 3651: 3610: 3601: 3599: 3592: 3582: 3537: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3500:phylogenetic 3496:biogeography 3493: 3489:N. triandrus 3488: 3482: 3478:N. triandrus 3476: 3472: 3458: 3446: 3387:to northern 3380: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3330: 3326:N. serotinus 3324: 3306: 3280: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3259: 3239: 3235: 3230:) including 3228:N. serotinus 3227: 3219: 3216:N. serotinus 3215: 3211: 3175: 3169: 3160:Distribution 3143:. It is the 3139:) refers to 3130: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3052: 3037: 3031: 3018: 3014: 3007: 2994: 2992: 2986: 2977: 2966: 2957: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2899: 2891: 2885: 2871: 2865: 2854: 2845: 2843: 2837: 2833:N. jonquilla 2831: 2827:N. triandrus 2825: 2819: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2775: 2764: 2758: 2741: 2721: 2713: 2700: 2682: 2672:N. serotinus 2669: 2654: 2648:(Haw.) Spach 2641: 2635: 2623: 2610: 2596: 2584: 2573: 2568: 2560: 2553: 2544: 2531: 2516:Tapeinanthus 2515: 2502: 2486: 2473: 2457: 2447:N. jonquilla 2445: 2429: 2421: 2411:N. triandrus 2409: 2391: 2379: 2361: 2353: 2341: 2323: 2313: 2307:Type species 2285: 2277:hierarchical 2274: 2269: 2265: 2253: 2251: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2221: 2212: 2210: 2201:monophyletic 2190: 2165: 2143: 2141: 2136: 2133:Tapeinanthus 2132: 2110: 2098: 2086: 2078: 2066: 2061: 2047: 2023: 2009: 2005: 1998:Theophrastus 1985: 1983: 1971: 1961: 1960: 1920: 1917: 1910:methoxylated 1901: 1883: 1879:N. jonquilla 1877: 1861: 1843: 1836:narciclasine 1832:Homolycorine 1827: 1818: 1808:isoquinoline 1803: 1801: 1784: 1783:(4x=22) and 1778: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1743: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1715: 1696: 1694: 1669: 1639: 1619: 1605:N. triandrus 1603: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1564: 1557: 1538:polymorphism 1533: 1531: 1520: 1517:N. serotinus 1516: 1512: 1506: 1502:N. gaditanus 1500: 1495: 1491: 1488:N. alpestris 1487: 1482:N. triandrus 1480: 1478: 1473: 1467: 1463: 1457: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1401:N. serotinus 1399: 1396: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1339: 1312:Tapeinanthus 1311: 1301: 1299: 1290: 1266: 1260: 1258: 1228: 1209: 1203: 1188: 1184: 1172: 1170: 1160:Reproductive 1155: 1118: 1117: 1103: 1096: 1078: 1067:adventitious 1054: 1029: 962: 955: 949: 928: 927: 912: 905: 869: 823: 799: 792: 761: 757:N. triandrus 755: 738: 732: 713: 697: 693: 689: 685: 679: 660: 654: 636: 632: 615: 597: 594: 572: 569: 540: 512: 503: 485: 472: 450: 438: 437: 420: 416: 412: 408: 391: 390: 389: 318: 308: 293: 273: 267:Type species 252: 251: 195: 182: 169: 136: 42: 36: 21700:iNaturalist 21532:Wikispecies 21282:"Narcissus" 21206:Cultivation 21174:"Narcissus" 21155:"Narcissus" 21082:"Daffodils" 19817:"Daffodil ( 19723:Potyviruses 19065:Mycobiology 18364:"Daffodils" 18341:"Narcissus" 18304:"Narcissus" 18285:"Narcissus" 18057:Barr, Peter 17845:: 384–393. 17165:: 133–142. 16901:Phytoneuron 16637:"Narcissus" 16617:"Narcissus" 16478:"Narcissus" 16372:"Narcissus" 15861:Gray, J. E. 15771:"Narcissus" 15697:"Narcissus" 15677:"Narcissus" 15525:"Narcissus" 15118:Renaissance 14272:Bailey 1890 14236:"Narcissus" 13839:Yeager 1990 13472:Eclogues II 13404:Georgics IV 13366:Georgics IV 13086:Earley 1877 13032:pp. 206–207 13017:Jebb (1889) 12933:Cyrino 2010 12684:Alford 2000 12668:Alford 2000 12334:"Narcissus" 11968:p. 251 11801:Miller 1735 11745:pp. 495–496 11726:p. 103 11672:Gerard 1597 10897:Pirone 1978 10588:: Narcissus 10169:"narcissus" 10134:"narcissus" 10104:"narcissus" 10075:"narcissus" 9972:Pausanias. 9834:"Narcissus" 9693:"narcissus" 9466:Wilkes 1819 9425:: 547–558. 9126:: 843–872. 8930:"Narcissus" 8810:, pp. 8578:"Narcissus" 7968:Dobson 1997 7784:Narcissus L 7526:, pp. 1–29. 7411:"Narcissus" 7345:Wright 1905 7312:which is a 7274:Halevy 1985 7247:Sternbergia 7180:Marie Curie 7114:used widely 7099:N. poeticus 7018:Azerbaijani 6804:crucifixion 6789:Undergrowth 6624:Shakespeare 6360:by the god 6318:tombs, and 6260:N triandrus 6252:Osterglocke 6142:cut flowers 6136:Cut flowers 5914:Netherlands 5895:cut flowers 5859:Alzheimer's 5855:galantamine 5820:N. poeticus 5801:galantamine 5789:nociception 5783:extract of 5745:hypotensive 5737:antimitotic 5622:John K'Eogh 5614:aphrodisiac 5565:De Medicina 5548:. In China 5546:Middle Ages 5530:N. poeticus 5503:Hippocrates 5488:N. poeticus 5353:N. poeticus 5338:convulsions 5248:"Geranium" 5237:Colour code 5218:colour code 5166:N. poeticus 5162:N. poeticus 5158:N. poeticus 5109:N. poeticus 5067:Propagation 5019:N. poeticus 4999:cut flowers 4883:Thomas Hale 4863:N. poeticus 4802:N. biflorus 4791:Shakespeare 4727:Netherlands 4688:Narcissus, 4670:Thomas Hale 4665:N. poeticus 4633:The Herball 4629:John Gerard 4582:Cultivation 4482:Trichodorus 4455:longodorids 4425:Histiostoma 4314:synanamorph 4283:T. narcissi 4266:Trichoderma 4196:Penicillium 4118:carotovorum 4107:Pseudomonas 3884:outcrossing 3834:Nymphalidae 3816:Lepidoptera 3767:crepuscular 3749:butterflies 3741:pollinators 3731:Pollination 3567:river banks 3471:where both 3448:N. poeticus 3357:N. poeticus 3346:N. poeticus 3246:as well as 3222:), and the 3212:N. poeticus 3063:(1591) and 2979:N. poeticus 2901:Sternbergia 2886:Within the 2725:De Candolle 2722:Bulbocodium 2564:De Candolle 2475:N. rupicola 2425:De Candolle 2343:N. poeticus 2207:Subdivision 2192:Sternbergia 2146:within the 2028:Renaissance 2011:N. poeticus 2002:Dioscorides 1996:literature 1939:Pollination 1935:pollinators 1876:, although 1870:isoprenoids 1867:monoterpene 1852:glucomannan 1840:galantamine 1740:Chromosomes 1730:Bulbocodium 1672:loculicidal 1571:Bulbocodium 1560:Pollination 1522:N. rupicola 1508:N. poeticus 1449:N. poeticus 1354:floral tube 1320:floral tube 1297:(trumpet). 1220:pedicellate 1185:Bulbocodium 1145:containing 981:floral tube 939:bulbiferous 911:dispersing 690:floral tube 549:Description 532:galantamine 516:Netherlands 357:P3+3+Corona 310:N. poeticus 228:Subfamily: 212:Asparagales 189:Angiosperms 21895:Categories 21440:2014-11-17 21414:2014-10-07 21392:2014-11-25 21365:2014-11-25 21347:2014-11-17 21324:2014-11-18 21296:2014-11-03 21273:2014-11-03 21254:2014-11-03 21233:2014-11-03 21219:2014-11-03 21195:2014-12-29 21180:2014-12-29 21165:2014-10-29 21146:2014-10-23 21131:2014-11-04 21106:2014-11-20 21088:2014-11-04 21071:2014-11-16 21056:2014-11-04 21041:2014-11-04 21026:2014-11-04 21011:2014-11-16 20972:2015-01-01 20948:2014-12-31 20922:2014-10-16 20894:2014-10-16 20873:2014-11-03 20839:2014-11-20 20819:2014-11-20 20780:2014-11-17 20746:2014-10-16 20700:2014-10-16 20670:2014-10-15 20638:2014-10-16 20598:2014-11-17 20571:2014-11-05 20544:2014-11-11 20526:2014-12-24 20507:2014-12-22 20480:2014-12-22 20476:. Bartleby 20460:2014-12-22 20436:2014-10-12 20411:2014-10-06 20376:2014-11-26 20357:2014-11-06 20338:2014-11-25 20320:2014-11-25 20304:2014-11-30 20277:2014-11-30 20259:2014-11-30 20235:2014-11-25 20208:2014-11-23 20186:2014-11-23 20159:2014-11-23 20132:2014-10-07 20108:2014-10-19 20081:2014-10-19 20054:2014-10-08 20025:2014-10-01 20000:2014-11-24 19981:"Daffodil" 19964:2014-10-16 19937:2014-11-02 19919:2014-11-20 19901:2014-11-03 19870:2014-12-22 19860:"Overview" 19850:2014-12-10 19835:2014-12-08 19808:2014-12-08 19793:2014-11-21 19725:infecting 19686:2014-12-11 19515:2014-12-09 19456:2014-12-11 19425:2014-12-08 19394:2014-12-12 19275:2014-12-07 19230:Rosellinia 19191:2014-12-04 19178:Acta Hort. 19139:(6): 260. 19040:2014-12-15 18967:J. Nematol 18949:2014-12-20 18945:(51). 1970 18927:2014-12-06 18894:2014-12-16 18867:2014-12-14 18840:2014-12-14 18813:2014-12-16 18752:2014-12-09 18725:2014-12-12 18691:2014-11-22 18628:2014-12-08 18577:2014-12-04 18515:2014-12-04 18486:2014-12-04 18447:2014-11-26 18428:2014-11-02 18397:2014-11-27 18378:2014-11-26 18354:2014-11-12 18332:2014-11-03 18318:2014-10-23 18294:2014-10-25 18275:2014-10-25 18255:2014-11-14 18235:2014-11-14 18213:2014-11-14 18203:"Daffodil" 18186:2014-11-08 18159:2014-10-02 18132:2014-10-18 18105:2014-10-02 18078:2014-11-02 18043:2014-09-28 18025:2014-10-20 18001:2015-04-02 17967:2015-03-09 17927:: 95–106. 17683:: 379–436. 17602:2014-10-31 17485:2014-10-30 17339:1887/13962 17210:2014-10-05 17193:Fontqueria 17176:2014-11-29 17061:2014-10-20 17044:Fontqueria 17027:2014-11-25 17017:Fontqueria 16979:2014-10-19 16975:(1): 47–76 16952:2014-10-20 16918:2014-11-03 16884:2014-12-20 16785:2014-10-19 16758:2014-10-19 16704:2014-12-25 16666:2014-12-02 16647:2014-10-19 16627:2014-10-15 16608:2015-01-01 16593:2014-12-31 16523:2014-11-30 16492:2014-10-29 16469:2014-10-29 16436:2014-10-22 16418:2014-10-04 16391:2014-10-21 16355:2014-10-29 16301:2014-02-15 16274:2014-01-08 16247:2014-11-03 16232:Cinquefoil 16218:2014-10-29 16191:2014-11-07 16157:2014-01-14 16108:2014-10-29 16059:2014-10-29 16032:2014-12-15 15949:2014-11-26 15914:2014-11-08 15894:2014-10-06 15876:2014-10-26 15837:2014-11-26 15819:2014-11-02 15799:2014-10-20 15781:2014-11-27 15761:2014-10-20 15743:2014-10-25 15719:Leigh Hunt 15707:2014-12-21 15687:2014-11-02 15664:2014-02-05 15644:2014-11-01 15619:2014-10-29 15600:2014-10-29 15578:2014-10-30 15557:2014-11-03 15535:2014-11-28 15508:2014-12-26 15475:2014-12-27 15431:2014-12-26 15398:2014-12-26 15380:2014-11-03 15373:experience 15353:2016-10-13 15332:2014-12-27 15292:2014-12-24 15274:2014-12-29 15248:2014-10-10 15222:2014-11-26 15204:2014-10-26 15183:2014-10-10 15165:2014-11-05 15143:2014-11-02 15109:2014-11-08 15089:2014-11-08 15020:2014-10-19 14995:2014-09-27 14977:2014-10-03 14958:2014-10-03 14920:2014-10-20 14895:2014-11-25 14866:2014-10-25 14841:2014-10-20 14816:2014-10-26 14791:2014-09-21 14766:2014-10-02 14741:2016-06-16 14708:2016-06-16 14678:2016-06-16 14648:2017-09-05 14618:2016-06-16 14584:2016-06-16 14554:2016-06-16 14524:2021-09-25 14518:SemakHadis 14372:Awaji 2006 14356:Awaji 2006 14340:Hearn 2008 14324:Hearn 2008 14246:2014-10-14 14220:2014-10-14 14187:2014-10-15 14155:2014-11-24 14121:2014-10-05 14096:2014-11-24 14067:2014-10-12 14027:Keats 1818 14001:, p. 13981:2014-10-12 13955:2014-10-13 13923:2014-10-01 13896:2014-10-01 13789:2014-10-01 13705:2014-10-12 13638:2014-10-25 13610:2014-10-26 13580:2014-10-25 13543:2014-10-26 13510:Eclogues V 13486:2016-09-24 13452:2014-10-25 13418:2016-09-24 13408:(line 159) 13380:2016-09-24 13370:(line 122) 13346:2014-10-09 13313:2014-10-09 13281:2014-10-09 13252:2014-11-20 13243:"Asphodel" 13225:2014-10-08 13193:2014-10-08 13161:2014-10-08 13151:(line 539) 13129:2014-10-08 13119:(line 539) 13060:2014-10-06 13011:(line 683) 12971:2014-10-03 12954:(line 428) 12919:2014-10-27 12893:2014-10-08 12864:2014-10-08 12839:2014-10-08 12810:2014-10-08 12804:Holy Bible 12727:2014-10-26 12638:, p. 12619:2014-10-08 12590:2014-10-05 12377:2014-10-17 12348:2014-10-25 12227:2014-10-26 12195:2014-10-09 12166:2014-10-09 12101:2014-10-25 12060:2014-11-20 12006:, p. 11961:Singh 2006 11947:2014-10-17 11863:2014-11-02 11621:2014-10-10 11590:2014-10-10 11563:2014-10-10 11513:2012-07-29 11386:, p. 11334:2021-08-08 11256:Singh 2013 11219:, p. 11090:Crous 2011 11060:2014-11-21 10961:Moore 1959 10916:Horst 2013 10849:Hanks 1996 10805:UCIPM 2009 10757:Iwaki 1972 10742:Iwaki 1974 10716:, p. 10683:Adams 2013 10624:Adams 2013 10600:Smith 1988 10581:Adams 2013 10564:Asjes 1996 10466:2014-10-19 10441:2016-04-18 10388:2023-05-21 10364:2014-11-11 10356:(233): 2. 10331:2014-11-11 10302:2014-10-07 10263:"asphodel" 10204:"daffodil" 10188:2014-11-16 10153:2014-11-16 10118:2014-11-16 10089:2014-11-16 10044:2014-10-26 10013:2014-10-06 9984:2014-10-19 9931:2012-07-28 9889:2014-10-07 9826:2014-10-26 9762:(2010) . " 9745:, p. 9743:Prior 1870 9618:2014-11-02 9589:2016-10-13 9555:2014-10-27 9527:2014-10-27 9497:2014-10-18 9450:Linné 1784 9436:2014-10-20 9419:Fontqueria 9363:2014-10-20 9303:2014-10-27 9271:2014-10-19 9231:2014-10-23 9173:2014-10-04 9137:2014-10-25 9097:2014-10-23 9059:1887/13962 8949:2014-10-21 8910:2014-10-01 8866:2014-11-01 8837:2014-10-21 8790:2014-10-26 8783:Narcisseae 8762:2014-11-01 8738:2014-10-20 8699:Brown 1810 8669:2014-10-29 8638:2014-10-29 8588:2014-10-25 8562:2014-10-02 8545:"Narcissi" 8524:2014-02-05 8497:2014-02-02 8414:2014-10-03 8377:2014-10-04 8347:2014-10-03 8305:2014-10-03 8272:2014-10-20 8242:, p. 8222:2014-10-25 8056:2014-10-02 7800:2014-10-04 7555:, p. 7516:Hanks 2002 7467:2014-11-26 7435:Thomé 1903 7421:2014-10-02 7391:References 7305:Carlavirus 6880:Waterhouse 6781:van Scorel 6749:narcissism 6632:Wordsworth 6630:, above), 6620:John Gower 6424:Symposiacs 6386:To Demeter 6358:Underworld 6351:Persephone 6304:Persephone 6278:§ Art 6272:underworld 6268:Persephone 6160:N. tazetta 6146:greenhouse 6062:N. tazetta 6011:1: Trumpet 5961:Area (ha) 5717:antifungal 5634:N. tazetta 5550:N. tazetta 5494:N. tazetta 5424:dermatitis 5318:salivation 5170:N. tazetta 5127:N. tazetta 5048:day lilies 5026:In gardens 4936:N. Tazetta 4891:N. tazetta 4887:N. tazetta 4857:§ Art 4738:N. tazetta 4719:Indigenous 4704:Narcissi, 4647:Narcissi, 4523:Endangered 4489:Gastropods 4460:Longidorus 4367:hoverflies 4345:Arthropods 4159:N. tazetta 4082:N. tazetta 3908:outcrossed 3869:dimorphism 3854:Anthophora 3794:Anthophora 3717:N. tazetta 3691:senescence 3671:N. elegans 3648:Life cycle 3465:Portuguese 3429:Misselberg 3409:Kiischpelt 3405:Luxembourg 3395:, and the 3363:along the 3332:N. tazetta 3282:N. elegans 3240:N. tazetta 3236:N. tazetta 3220:N. tazetta 3164:See also: 2888:Narcisseae 2714:Corbularia 2643:N. elegans 2617:Ker-Gawler 2597:Albiflorae 2586:N. tazetta 2490:D. A. Webb 2487:Chloranthi 2430:Jonquillae 2422:Jonquillae 2300:Subsection 2170:Narcisseae 2063:De Jussieu 2030:(see also 2004:described 1984:The genus 1972:Syst. Veg. 1874:benzenoids 1863:Fragrances 1858:Fragrances 1764:N. elegans 1758:N. tazetta 1745:Chromosome 1683:subglobose 1646:trilocular 1613:Androecium 1542:pollinator 1464:N. nobilis 1310:: Section 1279:Fragrances 1247:Bracteoles 1211:N. tazetta 1134:semiterete 1127:channelled 1099:plant stem 1070:root hairs 1044:Vegetative 983:above the 936:herbaceous 760:, showing 659:, showing 556:Vegetative 288:Subgenera 242:Narcisseae 50:24–0 21653:Narcissus 21622:FloraBase 21601:Narcissus 21538:Narcissus 21508:Narcissus 21488:Narcissus 21476:Narcissus 21463:Narcissus 21401:Geography 20960:Narcissus 20933:Narcissus 20905:Narcissus 20884:Narcissus 20857:Narcissus 20848:Databases 20582:Brimstone 20170:Aphrodite 20009:Antiquity 19897:: 428–436 19819:Narcissus 19781:Narcissus 19731:Acta Hort 19727:Narcissus 19661:Narcissus 19630:Narcissus 19595:Narcissus 19564:Narcissus 19476:chinensis 19439:Acta Hort 19406:Narcissus 19339:Acta Hort 19335:Narcissus 19289:Persoonia 19234:Narcissus 19164:Narcissus 19061:in Korea" 18788:Nematodes 18289:Floridata 18271:Extension 17666:ignored ( 17656:cite book 17497:Narcissus 17150:Narcissus 17023:: 265–272 16913:2153-733X 16880:(HO-11-W) 16851:CiteSeerX 16675:Narcissus 16565:Narcissus 16537:Narcissus 16504:Narcissus 16448:Narcissus 15986:Euphytica 15923:cite book 15846:cite book 15612:botanique 15593:botanique 15358:see also 15038:20439608M 14942:Antiquity 13827:Daffofils 13811:Daffodils 13514:(line 38) 13476:(line 48) 13438:"Lycidas" 13303:(line 10) 13215:(line 14) 13183:(line 14) 12658:, p. 571. 12656:Narcissus 12417:Narcissus 12392:Narcissus 12338:Floridata 11992:Chow 1993 11966:Narcissus 11842:Daffodils 11741:Hale 1757 11705:Narcissus 11579:Narcissus 11536:Daffodils 11284:Narcissus 11149:MAFF 1970 11021:Galanthus 10980:Elad 2007 10920:Narcissus 10903:, p. 366. 10901:Narcissus 10885:Hong 2007 10730:Chen 2006 10639:Chen 2007 10524:, p. 286. 10505:, p. 344. 10501:Narcissus 10402:Aedo 2010 10243: in 10239:ἀσφόδελος 9951: in 9871:Narcissus 9768:νάρκισσος 9718: in 9659:νάρκισσος 9632:narcissus 9606:Narcissus 9572:Narcissus 9082:Narcissus 8885:Webb 1978 8705:, p. 296. 8703:Prodromus 8662:Narcissus 8627:Narcissus 8260:νάρκισσος 8193:ignored ( 8183:cite book 7995:, p. 343. 7991:Narcissus 7912:Narcissus 7827:, p. 285. 7825:Narcissus 7633:Narcissus 7522:Narcissus 7287:Pamphilus 7138:Festivals 7083:Narcissus 7038:Abu Nuwas 6998:نرگس شهلا 6981:Khosrau I 6935:Narcissus 6923:Silk Road 6919:chinensis 6884:Narcissus 6773:Narcissus 6745:Himalayas 6722:), wrote 6675:and also 6644:Narcissus 6608:Narcissus 6527:Narcissus 6509:The poet 6490:Narcissus 6465:Pausanias 6393:Sophocles 6356:into the 6347:Narcissus 6291:Antiquity 6122:Keukenhof 6114:wholesale 6086:Keukenhof 6022:"Jetfire" 5997:4: Double 5980:"Carlton" 5835:Narcissus 5785:Narcissus 5769:pheromone 5733:antitumor 5729:cytotoxic 5705:antiviral 5701:Narcissus 5689:Antiquity 5681:Sophocles 5669:stimulant 5665:Narcissus 5598:dysentery 5582:analgesic 5574:emollient 5556:Narcissus 5479:Narcissus 5455:cultivars 5432:subungual 5388:laxatives 5370:Poisoning 5349:Narcissus 5342:paralysis 5334:trembling 5306:Narcissus 5299:Narcissus 5275:Narcissus 5246:Narcissus 5202:Narcissus 5189:cultivars 5186:Narcissus 5184:Range of 5138:cultivars 5008:cultivars 5003:temperate 4940:triploids 4917:Narcissus 4905:, in his 4818:Parkinson 4770:Eichstätt 4758:Nuremberg 4723:antiquity 4479:spp. and 4466:Xiphinema 4433:nematodes 4401:Narcissus 4349:Narcissus 4347:that are 4272:T. viride 4148:Narcissus 4102:Narcissus 4098:Bacterial 4077:chlorotic 3953:nematodes 3920:Narcissus 3897:N. dubius 3846:proboscis 3757:hawkmoths 3725:hybridise 3712:deciduous 3707:temperate 3695:primordia 3653:Narcissus 3579:limestone 3555:grassland 3520:Narcissus 3512:Apodanthi 3508:Narcissus 3369:Black Sea 3321:Marrakech 3271:Narcissus 3248:East Asia 3182:, with a 3176:Narcissus 3141:immortals 3117:chúi-sian 3113:Narcissus 3111:name for 3096:ἀσφόδελος 3087:Antiquity 3034:Narcissus 3023:Pre-Greek 3015:narkissos 3008:narkissos 3004:νάρκισσος 2997:narcissus 2949:Narcissus 2934:Narcissus 2926:Narcissus 2892:Narcissus 2882:Evolution 2870:'s (RHS) 2846:Narcissus 2799:Narcissus 2787:paraphyly 2783:Zonneveld 2767:into two 2765:Narcissus 2658:Parlatore 2638:for image 2509:Schousboe 2458:Apodanthi 2392:Ganymedes 2324:Narcissus 2314:Narcissus 2286:Narcissus 2275:The most 2262:monotypic 2254:Narcissus 2243:subgenera 2228:Narcissus 2224:Narcissus 2213:Narcissus 2199:, and is 2180:subfamily 2166:Narcissus 2144:Narcissus 2137:Narcissus 2117:Salisbury 2083:Liliaceae 2079:Narcissus 2067:Narcissus 2048:Narcissus 2032:Antiquity 2024:narcissus 2006:νάρκισσος 1986:Narcissus 1844:Narcissus 1828:Narcissus 1811:alkaloids 1804:Narcissus 1798:Alkaloids 1789:(6x=50). 1786:N. dubius 1753:polyploid 1749:aneuploid 1726:Jonquilla 1703:elaiosome 1679:ellipsoid 1633:Gynoecium 1591:Narcissus 1587:Apodanthi 1583:Jonquilla 1534:Narcissus 1496:moschatus 1369:Jonquilla 1365:Apodanthi 1291:Narcissus 1267:Narcissus 1193:Umbellate 1130:adaxially 1119:Narcissus 942:geophytes 933:perennial 929:Narcissus 906:Narcissus 793:Narcissus 664:formation 633:Narcissus 631:Solitary 616:Narcissus 595:Narcissus 570:Narcissus 528:alkaloids 524:cultivars 504:Narcissus 500:nematodes 473:Narcissus 463:to Early 461:Oligocene 421:Narcissus 413:narcissus 401:perennial 392:Narcissus 253:Narcissus 159:Kingdom: 43:Narcissus 21850:VicFlora 21839:VASCAN: 21832:40025195 21827:Tropicos 21596:eFloraSA 21517:Wikidata 20938:eMonocot 20681:(1998). 20649:(1992). 20619:(1984). 19772:Websites 19553:19997956 19545:16763730 19510:28044644 19502:16932980 19319:22403481 19153:54515245 19108:narcissi 19095:24015104 18989:19279798 18903:Articles 18671:83681757 18551:38067491 18195:Websites 18012:(1831). 17949:24461780 17912:23727937 17867:23932506 17829:22917000 17796:22413911 17724:18489166 17648:17133715 17597:44932623 17546:44161272 17499:Section 17480:82002008 17447:84007862 17418:22080093 17282:15720619 17253:21653457 17139:18556752 17092:13095365 16927:Taxonomy 16907:: 1–10. 16718:Heredity 16680:Articles 15939:(1884). 15863:(1866). 15731:Schultes 15729:(1829). 15655:(1813). 15568:(1810). 15449:(1771). 15343:(1753). 15194:(1591). 15099:"Εὐρώπη" 14914:Archived 14889:Archived 14860:Archived 14835:Archived 14810:Archived 14785:Archived 14760:Archived 14735:Archived 14725:J. 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