Cyrene, Libya - Knowledge

1181: 795: 1061: 2022: 2070: 2058: 2082: 2046: 2034: 74: 8701: 2112: 2094: 2103: 1775: 1121: 1024: 67: 1654: 1258: 874: 7401: 1035:, joined forces with Cyrenean and Barcan exiles on Crete and invaded Cyrenaica, capturing Cyrene's port and forcing Cyrene to accept his rule. However, one of his officers, Mnasicles, defected to the Cyreneans and helped them to expel Thibron's troops and recapture the port. Cyrene allied with the Libyans and Carthaginians, but Thibron returned in 322 BC and defeated them. A democratic revolution took place in Cyrene and the exiled aristocrats appealed to 8688: 7411: 1526:, on a ridge of the Jabal Akhdar, about 600 metres above sea level. The southern edge of the ridge and the city is formed by the Wadi Bil Ghadir and the northern edge by the Wadi Bu Turqiyah. The Acropolis, at the western edge of the ridge, was the original centre of Greek occupation. From there, a road referred to by modern scholars as the "Street of Battus" or "Skyrotà" runs along the ridge to the southeast for around 1 kilometre, past the 7421: 865:, who besieged and sacked Barca in 515 BC. According to Herodotus, Aryandes marched his troops through Cyrene and then, regretting that he had not taken the opportunity to conquer Cyrene, attempted to get back in, but was prevented. The story is strange; it may be that the city was actually conquered by the Persians. Remains of an extramural temple destroyed by the Persians at this time have been found. 1217:. The provincial capital was on Crete, but Cyrene remained the chief city in Cyrenaica and enjoyed a highly prosperous period and much construction dates to the first century AD. In the mid-first century AD, the Roman authorities launched an extensive surveying campaign to reclaim the public land around Cyrene that had slipped into private control and stopped paying dividends to the 51: 1787:

by the growing city of Shahat, especially after 2013, when many tombs were bulldozed. The northern portion is better preserved. Several of the tombs of the Roman period have niches for portrait busts of the deceased. A common find are statues of the so-called "Goddess of Death", a female bust - often faceless - depicted in the process of unveiling herself.

1437:", a headless marble statue representing the goddess Venus, a Roman copy of a Greek original, which prompted them to restrict their base to the Acropolis. The statue was transported to Rome, where it remained until 2008, when it was returned to Libya. The village of Shahat grew up on the site as a result of the Italian presence. 975:

by the Spartans arrived in Cyrene in 404 BC and joined forces with the exiles, but were almost all killed in a battle, after which the Cyrenean exiles and the followers of Ariston reconciled. The surviving Messenians settled at Euhesperides. There are some signs that civic conflict continued over the

1786:

The necropolis consists of graves, rock-cut tombs, temple-tombs, and sarcophagi, dating from the sixth century BC until the fifth century AD. It covers about 20 km² to the south and north of the city, making it one of the largest known Greek necropoleis. The southern section has been encroached upon

1590:

discovered 76 intact Roman statues at Cyrene from the 2nd century AD. The statues remained undiscovered for so long because "during the earthquake of 375 AD, a supporting wall of the temple fell on its side, burying all the statues. They remained hidden under stone, rubble and earth for 1,630 years.

1748:

and theater complex, is located south of the Wadi Bil Ghadir ravine, outside the city walls. The Sanctuary comprised structures sprawled out over twenty miles and are divided into three terraces: the Lower, Middle and Upper Sanctuaries. The archaeological remains date from the late seventh century

1139:

in 163 BC after his siblings expelled him from Egypt. The city rebelled against him but was defeated. It is possible that he granted Cyrene's port, Apollonia, independence from Cyrene at this time, as a reward for remaining loyal. Ptolemy engaged in a wide-ranging construction project in the city,

1575:, which contains several public buildings and palatial residences. To the northeast, on another ridge, but still inside the city walls, is the largely unexcavated northeastern quarter, containing the Temple of Zeus, the hippodrome, and the East Church. Outside the city walls to the south is the 1324:. Many buildings were subsequently rebuilt, but a hurriedly built new defensive wall enclosed only the western half of the city. The civic hub shifted north from the street of Battus to the Valley street and many of the old public spaces were filled in with housing and shops. In the reforms of 1721:) has eight columns at the front and rear and seventeen columns on each of the long sides. It was destroyed in 115 AD during the Jewish sack of the city. Around 172-175 AD it was partially rebuilt as a non-peripteral temple. Between 185 and 192 AD, a colossal cult statue, modelled on the 747:, but the city rapidly expanded eastwards. The sanctuary of Apollo to the north of the Acropolis, of Demeter to the south, and of Zeus to the east all go back to the seventh or sixth centuries BC. Archaeological evidence shows that several other sites in Cyrenaica, such as Apollonia, 932:. Following this victory, he organised a new wave of Greek settlement at Euesperides. Some time after this however, the Cyreneans monarchy was abolished in obscure circumstances and the tomb of his ancestor Battus I was destroyed. In 454 BC, Cyrene gave refuge to the remnants of an 1043:

to occupy the city and established a new constitution for the city, which is recorded on a large inscription, which was heavily oligarchic and reserved a permanent role for himself in the city's administration. The city was accepted by the other Macedonian leaders as part of the

1112:

in 246 BC, bringing Cyrene back under Ptolemaic control. In the process, the city of Euesperides was destroyed and re-founded as Berenice and the cities of Cyrenaica formed a federation, called the Pentapolis, which minted its own coinage. Constitutional reforms by a pair of

881:

In the fifth century BC, perhaps as a consequence of the Persian intervention, Cyrene's influence over the other Greek cities in Cyrenaica seems to have solidified into institutionalised political control. The city was prosperous and construction of the Temple of Apollo,

1364:, a wealthy magnate who became bishop of Ptolemais and whose letters are preserved, grew up in Cyrene in the generation after the earthquake. Letter 67 of Synesius tells of an irregular episcopal ordination carried out by a bishop Philo of Cyrene, which was condoned by 1440:

The Italians created an antiquities service and, after the discovery of the Venus of Cyrene, carried out excavations at Cyrene on a very large scale, which were closely connected with the regime's propaganda. The Italian archaeologists were expelled in 1943 when the

821:

to the west. Archaeological evidence shows that Greek presence at Barca predates this foundation, going back to the seventh century. Arcesilaus was defeated by the Barcans and Libyans at the Battle of Leuco, killed by his brother and succeeded by his infant son

736:) before relocating to Cyrene. The historicity of these narratives is uncertain, particularly the idea that Thera was Cyrene's sole "mother city." Relationships with other cities, such as Sparta and Samos, mentioned in the foundation narratives, are uncertain. 1449:, controller of antiquities from 1955 to 1966 moved the village of Shahat off the site and re-established it to the south; it has since expanded over much of the southern necropolis. He also restored control of excavations at the site to the Italians, under 1208:

visited the city in 87 BC, suppressed the tyranny and granted Cyrene a new constitution. But it was only in 74 BC that the Romans first sent a governor, Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus. At some point between 67 and 30 BC, Cyrenaica became part of the

898:; the herb was pictured on most Cyrenian coins. Silphium was in such demand that it was harvested to extinction by the end of the first century BC. Cyrene also made money from raising of horses and the transhipment trade between Egypt, the Aegean, and 1356:, describes Cyrene as "an ancient but deserted city." However, the damage may have been over-emphasised. Archaeology shows that most buildings were damaged, but also that many were rebuilt, including many temples, which were only closed by the 1276:, broke out in Cyrenaica, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Cyprus and Judaea in 115 AD. Cyrene was sacked and almost all of the city's buildings were destroyed. Literary sources claim that 220,000 people were killed before the revolt was quelled by 771:

After its foundation, the city was ruled by a series of monarchs descended from Battus I. Over the course of the sixth century BC, Cyrene grew to become the most powerful city in the region. In the first half of the sixth century BC,

1296:

and a long inscription records its attempts to block membership for one of its neighbours. Cyrene was once again prosperous by the third quarter of the second century AD and several palaces date to this period, including the

1546:

until it reaches the gates of the city. Below the Acropolis to the north, the Springs of Apollo and Cyra emerge from the cliff-face onto a triangular plateau at the base of the Wadi Bu Turqiyah. This plateau contains the

1486:

Department of Antiquities, and the Libyan Ministry of Culture, worked to preserve the ancient site through a combination of holistic conservation practices and training of local skilled and unskilled labor. The

940:. In the following years, Barca seems to have become the dominant city in the region and Cyrene was regularly in conflict with the other Greek cities of Cyrenaica and with the Libyans. In 414 BC, during the 1052:

in 321 BC. Cyrenean rebels attempted to expel the Ptolemaic garrison in 313 BC, but Ptolemy sent reinforcements who suppressed the revolt. In 308 BC, Ophellas led Cyrenaean and Athenian troops west to join

387:) in the late seventh century BC. It was initially ruled by a dynasty of monarchs called the Battiads, who grew rich and powerful as a result of successive waves of immigration and the export of horses and 1148:

in the event that he died without heirs. However, he regained control of Egypt in 145 BC. In the dynastic conflicts that followed, Cyrene probably remained under the control of Ptolemy VIII and then of

963:

Towards the end of the fifth century BC, one Ariston took control of the city, put five hundred leading Cyreneans to death and exiled others. It is possible that he attempted to establish a radical

739:

Archaeological evidence from the site, especially ceramic finds, confirm that Greek settlement began in the mid-seventh century BC. This early pottery derves from Thera, Sparta, and Samos, but also

2172: 353:

uplands. The archaeological remains cover several hectares and include several monumental temples, stoas, theatres, bathhouses, churches, and palatial residences. The city is surrounded by the

1007:, the Cyreneans sent an embassy to declare their friendship; they did not come under Macedonian control. An inscription records that during a famine in the late 320s, Cyrene sent over 800,000 1180: 3329: 3300: 2145: 732:. Some traditions say that the settlers left Thera because of a famine, others because of a civil war. Most say that the colonists first settled on an island at Aziris (east of 1559:. From the sanctuary, a road known as "Valley Street" leads southeast up the Wadi Bu Turqiyah, roughly parallel to the "Street of Battus", lined by a stepped portico and the 505:), which was considered sacred to Apollo by the city's Greco-Roman inhabitants. The legend of Thessalian Cyrene seems to long predate attestation of the spring, however, and 1535: 509:

instead suggests that the existing legend and name were adopted by the early Theran settlers for this specific location after some unattested but similar local name in the

834:. These reforms appear to have limited the authority of the king to religious matters, vested political power in the Cyrenaean people, and divided the Cyreneans into three 668:

to Egypt, but the only archaeological evidence for this are separate finds of a small Minoan altar and a Minoan seal, which might have been brought over at a later date.

431:, and slowly rebuilt over the following century. Earthquakes in 262 and 365 devastated the city, but some habitation continued through the early Byzantine period and the 8730: 3640: 996: 1288:

to maintain the viability of continued settlement. Restoration work is recorded in inscriptions and visible archaeologically; it was not completed until the reign of

4280:

L'Agorà di Cirene. II,4: Il lato sud della platea inferiore e il lato nord della terrazza superiore / Sandro Stucchi; Lidiano Bacchielli. Con contributi di G. Lepore

1572: 1568: 1556: 1527: 1492: 1340:

a bishop Theodorus of Cyrene was scourged and had his tongue cut out. Earlier editions of the Martyrology mentioned what may be the same person also under 26 March.

1360:

in 395. Settlement seems to have expanded east beyond Claudius Gothicus' fortification wall and a generation after the earthquake, Cyrene was a significant centre.

1352:

destroyed the city on 21 July 365. Skeletons crushed by falling masonry have been found and one tomb inscription mentions the earthquake. A contemporary historian,

1372: 435:

in 642, after which the site was abandoned until the establishment of an Italian military base on the site in 1913. Excavations have been ongoing since that time.

4471: 1531: 1298: 1185: 988: 4412:

Dobias-Lalou, Catherine; Bencivenni, Alice; Berthelot, Hugues; Antolini, Simona; Marengo, Silvia Maria; Rosamilia, Emilio; Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte.

3379: 1739: 1576: 1560: 1543: 4382: 3779: 1376: 1157:

as a separate kingdom ca. 105-101 BC. Apion made a similar will to that of his father and the territory passed to Rome when he died without heirs in 96 BC.

8725: 7457: 1539: 1141: 1124: 2164: 1434: 1564: 1450: 826:(ca. 550-530 BC), under whom Cyrene continued to suffer from continued internal conflict. This was resolved through a reform of the city's laws by 3681: 1760:. The pottery excavated at the Sanctuary provides useful evidence concerning both the question of its foundation and type of religious activity. 4548: 1586:

Archaeological finds are stored and displayed in a temporary museum in the eastern portion of the site. In 2005, Italian archaeologists from the

1433:

The Italian colonial government established a military base at the site in 1913. In the course of building the base, Italian soldiers found the "

1384: 285: 1803:

Cyrene contributed to the intellectual life of the Greeks, through renowned philosophers and mathematicians. The School of Cyrene, known as the

8775: 8561: 1284:, the Jewish rebellion left Libya depopulated to such an extent that a few years later new colonies had to be established there by the emperor 3753: 3225: 1100:

of food prices and a large fundraising campaign, possibly for repairs to the city walls. After his death, Apama invited a Macedonian prince,

391:, a medicinal plant. By the fifth century BC, they had expanded their control over the other cities of Cyrenaica. It became the seat of the 8780: 1823:

has called Cyrene "a philosophical Atlantis" thanks to its huge importance in the birth and initial development of the ethics of pleasure.

1197: 794: 1753:

material was accumulated in its interior: pottery, lamps, coinage, stone sculpture, jewellery, inscriptions, glass, as well as bronze and

4464: 3510: 1410:

visited and produced the first site plans in 1821-1822. The French consul at Benghazi looted part of a tomb later in the century for the

8161: 3337: 6148: 3308: 1032: 890:, and structures in the Agora date to this time. Cyrene's chief local export through much of its early history was the medicinal herb 8639: 1430:

in 1911. The tomb of the excavation's epigrapher, Herbert de Cou, who was shot in mysterious circumstances, is located on the site.

1131:

Cyrene was reduced to subject status, a garrison was installed, and a succession of Ptolemaic courtiers were appointed to the city's

781: 7942: 7478: 3711: 1357: 128: 4400: 3864: 2369: 652:. There is some evidence for settlement in the caves below the Acropolis which may pre-date Greek settlement. It is possible that 7450: 3831: 8755: 8750: 8486: 4457: 2982: 3648: 8216: 4167: 4065: 3956: 3810: 3430: 3140: 2306: 8181: 5536: 3467: 1460:. Goodchild also The Italian mission has excavated much of the site and restored several buildings through the process of 8549: 7952: 4541: 8616: 7443: 6158: 5848: 5541: 5475: 3722: 3276: 2021: 66: 5546: 5521: 4391: 4344: 4306: 4287: 4268: 4249: 4230: 4202: 4149: 4130: 4123:

La città del silfio. Istituzioni, culti ed economia di Cirene classica ed ellenistica attraverso le fonti epigrafiche

4104: 4025: 3935: 3916: 3897: 3371: 2787: 2522: 849:(ca. 530-515 BC) attempted to revoke Demonax's constitution and was driven into exile. He returned with an army from 631: 590: 549: 2069: 2057: 1591:

The other walls sheltered the statues, so we were able to recover all the pieces, even works that had been broken."

1379:

were built in the fifth or sixth century AD and renovated several times. A bishop of Cyrene name Rufus attended the

1225: 8760: 7355: 6104: 5531: 5526: 1819:, though according to some accounts a grandson of Aristippus with the same name). French Neo-Epicurean philosopher 1507: 1394:

in 643. At some point thereafter it was abandoned, but the ancient name lived on as "Grennah" in the 19th century.

2081: 2045: 2033: 1246:

and later says that Christians from Cyrene and Cyprus were among the assembled. According to the tradition of the

5998: 5858: 5853: 5130: 3733: 2846: 1749:

BC to the mid-third century AD. During the time of this sacred activity at the Sanctuary a voluminous amount of

1072:

Cyrene rebelled against Ptolemy again around 305 BC. Control was re-established in 300 BC by Ptolemy's step-son

8585: 8518: 8151: 8031: 7382: 6023: 5437: 4534: 4325: 4183: 4044: 1423: 1391: 1368:. The same letter mentions that a nephew of this Philo, who bore the same name, also became bishop of Cyrene. 432: 17: 1671:

was the largest ancient Greek temple at Cyrene, and one of the largest Greek temples ever built. The original

8745: 7377: 6934: 6427: 5943: 5863: 5561: 5271: 4080:"Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique, Libykai Historiai : de l'époque républicaine au principat d'Auguste" 2821: 1632:, which was originally constructed as early as 7th century BC. Other ancient structures include a temple to 8785: 8654: 8411: 8299: 7474: 7350: 5879: 5333: 1725:

was installed. The temple was destroyed once more in 365 AD by an earthquake and then burnt by Christians.

1242:

claims that Jews from Cyrene heard the disciples speaking in their own language in Jerusalem on the day of

937: 4406: 3607: 8790: 8363: 8294: 6405: 6013: 5889: 5551: 5505: 5460: 5236: 4925: 1552: 1479: 342:, an important group of five cities in the region, and gave the area its classical and early modern name 6944: 2515:

The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. IV – Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525 to 479 B.C.

7990: 7806: 7066: 6939: 6072: 6067: 6043: 5953: 5470: 4568: 3700: 3582: 358: 323: 7781: 1898: 1060: 8765: 8525: 8496: 7856: 7711: 7424: 7367: 6323: 6126: 6111: 6033: 5968: 5288: 5183: 4657: 4591: 2140: 1722: 1427: 1403: 1380: 1337: 1168:, is said by its author to be an abridgment of a five-volume work by a Hellenized Jew by the name of 1132: 887: 5935: 5915: 5113: 4771: 2513:(2006). "Egypt, 525–404 B.C.". In Boardman, John; Hammond, N.D.L.; Lewis, D.M.; Ostwald, M. (eds.). 791:

launched a military expedition against Cyrene, but was decisively defeated at the Battle of Irasa.

8735: 8659: 8393: 7936: 6121: 6084: 6018: 5684: 5571: 4242:

L'Agorà di Cirene. II,1: L' area settentrionale del lato ovest della platea inferiore / F. Martelli

3748: 1717:

was two stories high and two rows of columns divided it into three aisles. The external colonnade (

846: 264: 3928:

Chronicles of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt

3909:

Cirene e l'acqua: ricerche e documenti sulla gestione delle risorse idriche in città e nella chora

1685:, with a length of 68.3 metres and a width of 30.4 metres, making it roughly the same size as the 8621: 8597: 8471: 8406: 8347: 8284: 8274: 8010: 7929: 7791: 7701: 7581: 7404: 6528: 6328: 6313: 6116: 6099: 6079: 6048: 5948: 5884: 5500: 5485: 5455: 5416: 5293: 5145: 4647: 4395: 2135: 1686: 1548: 1407: 814: 798: 7891: 8770: 8740: 8644: 8592: 8491: 8319: 8269: 8254: 8249: 8020: 7821: 7756: 7746: 7696: 7362: 6365: 6136: 6094: 6028: 5993: 5445: 5429: 5125: 5066: 4915: 4910: 1662: 1442: 1387: 1247: 1161: 1054: 1049: 883: 455: 305: 3500: 2763:

Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus.

8692: 8544: 8388: 8329: 8206: 8129: 8077: 7879: 7786: 7636: 7414: 6643: 6633: 6623: 6608: 6298: 6038: 6008: 5963: 5958: 5589: 5556: 5358: 5263: 5249: 4905: 4776: 4740: 2007: 1941: 1894: 1885: 1877: 1871: 1422:. They include the Apollo of Cyrene and a unique bronze head of an African man. The American 708: 517:

language. Although both the Greek and Latin forms of the name were pronounced something like

451: 743:. The initial area of habitation was a ridge stretching eastwards from the Acropolis to the 8669: 8609: 8573: 8416: 8239: 8186: 8156: 8146: 8055: 7918: 7811: 7726: 7681: 7661: 7506: 7491: 6886: 6880: 6866: 6350: 6308: 6280: 6165: 5978: 5208: 5004: 4386: 3744: 3277:"Person/organisation: Sir Robert Murdoch Smith [Search for 'Robert Murdoch Smith']" 2559: 1952: 1832: 1779: 1769: 1587: 1580: 1488: 1475: 1415: 1353: 1349: 1281: 1238: 1201: 1108:

and take the throne, but he was murdered after a short conflict with Berenice. She married

1105: 891: 818: 362: 354: 350: 8: 8649: 8568: 8556: 8537: 8501: 8421: 8339: 8324: 8314: 8264: 8259: 8201: 8070: 7962: 7826: 7816: 7716: 7686: 7626: 7601: 7526: 7516: 7501: 7017: 6987: 6375: 6270: 6265: 5702: 5017: 4930: 4900: 4854: 4617: 4480: 3800: 3776:

Suffraganei Colonienses extraordinarii, sive de sacrae Coloniensis ecclesiae proepiscopis

1946: 1925: 1858: 1496: 1471: 1308:

of 262, which destroyed much of the city. After the disaster, the city was raided by the

1214: 1000: 773: 424: 228: 116: 4261:

L'Agorà di Cirene. II,3: L' area meridionale del lato ovest dell'agorà / Valeria Purcaro

3201:. Vol. II. Paris: Typographia Regia. pp. 621–624 – via Internet Archive. 2563: 1304:

In the mid-third century AD, Cyrene's economy began to decline. This was hastened by an

853:

and regained control but forced out once more and was assassinated at Barca. His mother

8705: 8664: 8604: 8532: 8398: 8373: 8191: 8166: 8134: 7972: 7731: 7676: 7641: 7536: 7234: 7131: 7037: 6681: 6598: 6486: 5988: 5812: 5328: 5308: 5165: 5036: 4920: 4715: 4642: 4079: 4004: 3852: 2583: 2575: 2276: 2218: 2111: 2102: 2093: 1904: 1795:

In October 2023, a flood exposed a water canal, possibly dating back to the Roman era.

1681:

temple was constructed around 500-480 BC, It faced east and stood atop a three-stepped

1101: 987:

and the trans-Saharan trade routes that ended there. The border was established at the

827: 725: 695: 677: 490: 479: 376: 316: 181: 2550:

Parejko, Ken (2003). "Pliny the Elder's Silphium: First Recorded Species Extinction".

817:"the Cruel" (ca. 560-550 BC) led his brothers to leave the city and found the city of 8700: 8378: 8289: 8139: 8065: 8038: 7801: 7621: 7611: 7546: 7466: 7410: 7309: 6896: 6445: 6293: 6245: 6089: 6058: 6003: 5920: 5797: 5669: 5490: 5323: 5276: 5216: 5090: 5072: 5048: 5030: 4985: 4940: 4935: 4586: 4340: 4321: 4302: 4283: 4264: 4245: 4226: 4198: 4179: 4163: 4160:

Alt-Thera und Kyrene – zwei verwandte griechische Städte. Mythos, Geschichte, Kultur.

4145: 4126: 4100: 4061: 4040: 4021: 3996: 3952: 3931: 3912: 3893: 3823: 3806: 3505: 3136: 2783: 2571: 2518: 2347: 2312: 2302: 2268: 1913: 1455: 1446: 1333: 1045: 941: 211: 2587: 8580: 8451: 8368: 8124: 8112: 8060: 7796: 7239: 6771: 6736: 6553: 6410: 6288: 6175: 6170: 5495: 5450: 5281: 5188: 4804: 4637: 4622: 4612: 3988: 2567: 2260: 1261: 1114: 1093: 921: 729: 602: 561: 520: 396: 4075: 3438: 3196: 8221: 8211: 8105: 7831: 7254: 7012: 6800: 6613: 6355: 6221: 6153: 5480: 5078: 5060: 5054: 4968: 4945: 4819: 4730: 4690: 4627: 4366: 4355: 4055: 3946: 3783: 3774: 3757: 3203: 3192: 1999: 1931: 1881: 1838: 1808: 1690: 1313: 1273: 1229: 1169: 1085: 1073: 1065: 1036: 839: 683: 428: 416: 412: 408: 379:

by the Greeks themselves but it was probably actually colonized by settlers from

7279: 6992: 4449: 8481: 8476: 8304: 8196: 8176: 8004: 7561: 7531: 7136: 7076: 7071: 7027: 6808: 6756: 6746: 6726: 6716: 6460: 6455: 6450: 5303: 5102: 5096: 5084: 4884: 4859: 4632: 4557: 4515: 4431:

Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte; Bodard, Gabriel; Dobias-Lalou, Catherine.

3459: 3369: 3038: 1919: 1419: 1329: 1265: 1210: 1145: 1076:. After Ptolemy's death in 282 BC, Magas refused to submit to his half-brother 1023: 957: 933: 471: 420: 320: 313: 207: 3992: 2264: 1383:

in 449 and there was still a bishop of Cyrene, named Leontius, at the time of

1160:

The city became an important Jewish centre during the Hellenistic period. The

8719: 8309: 8279: 8100: 7908: 7851: 7372: 7289: 7264: 6954: 6558: 6501: 6400: 6390: 6360: 6342: 6216: 5368: 5150: 5042: 4998: 4960: 4799: 4720: 4000: 2316: 2272: 1820: 1277: 1257: 1154: 984: 917: 913: 895: 506: 143: 130: 7435: 1910:

Idaeus of Cyrene, an ancient Olympic winner at foot-race. He won at 275 B.C.

1640:

approximately 10 km between Cyrene and its ancient port of Apollonia.

952:

were driven to Cyrenaica by adverse winds and Cyrene provided them with two

712:

and in a fourth-century BC inscription found at Cyrene, say that a group of

8383: 8171: 7846: 7606: 7596: 7189: 7141: 7007: 6861: 6731: 6370: 6206: 5712: 5674: 5373: 4500: 4220: 3551: 1890: 1774: 1710: 1625: 1523: 1418:

and E. A. Porcher between 1860 and 1861; their findings mostly went to the

1293: 1233: 1136: 1120: 945: 733: 649: 335: 3948:

The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development

1653: 873: 7997: 7885: 7591: 7576: 7209: 7101: 7081: 6909: 6417: 6395: 6385: 6380: 6303: 6260: 5807: 5717: 5707: 5594: 5584: 5348: 4725: 4700: 4432: 4418:

Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica and Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica

3062: 2510: 2003: 1867: 1672: 1461: 1317: 1165: 1109: 1089: 780:

and Crete. This sparked conflict with the indigenous Libyans, whose king

777: 748: 6914: 4299:

L'Agorà di Cirene. III,1: Il monumento navale / Anna Lia Ermeti Allegati

4008: 3976: 3563: 2280: 1893:(276 – 194 BC), mathematician, geographer, astronomer; librarian at the 7983: 7902: 7841: 7836: 7776: 7761: 7706: 7691: 7646: 7586: 7571: 7551: 7521: 7486: 7146: 7116: 7111: 7096: 6982: 6949: 6618: 6588: 6255: 5983: 5817: 5659: 5654: 5644: 5629: 5614: 5604: 5579: 4955: 4710: 4665: 4368:

Il tempio e l'altare di Apollo a Cirene: scavi e studi dal 1925 al 1934

2579: 1968: 1844: 1812: 1754: 1718: 1678: 1637: 1365: 1325: 1305: 1251: 1150: 1077: 858: 823: 665: 661: 657: 514: 400: 339: 4337:

Il santuario delle nymphai chthoniai a Cirene: il sito e le terrecotte

2233: 7736: 7721: 7671: 7566: 7556: 7541: 7511: 7121: 7047: 7032: 7002: 6997: 6929: 6853: 6838: 6823: 6766: 6666: 6318: 6250: 5822: 5802: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5727: 5722: 5692: 5639: 5599: 5378: 5244: 5198: 5178: 4809: 4680: 3412: 2957: 2738: 2697: 2130: 2125: 1854: 1848: 1804: 1694: 1682: 1675: 1309: 1243: 1097: 972: 964: 854: 776:

encouraged further Greek settlement in the city, especially from the

752: 721: 703: 699: 500: 459: 392: 384: 373: 343: 275: 177: 105: 4039:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 143–152 & 181–194. 3682:"Libya flood disaster damaged ancient city but revealed new remains" 3170: 2215:

Homer, Hesiod, and the Hymns: Diachronic Development in Epic Diction

1426:

began more scientific excavations in 1910, which were halted by the

415:

and the capital of an independent kingdom. It was also an important

7873: 7651: 7496: 7171: 7161: 7151: 7126: 6904: 6871: 6833: 6776: 6691: 6676: 6533: 6523: 6440: 6435: 5832: 5827: 5787: 5782: 5757: 5737: 5664: 5619: 5609: 5465: 5363: 5298: 5226: 4834: 4510: 4505: 4411: 2656:(The Landmark Thucydides ed.). New York: Touchstone. sec.7.50. 1937: 1816: 1757: 1706: 1361: 1289: 1205: 1193: 1081: 1040: 980: 968: 902:. It was a landing point for Greeks seeking to visit the oracle of 899: 862: 831: 802: 756: 475: 404: 388: 6924: 1003:

conquered Egypt in 331 BC and marched west to visit the oracle at

8446: 7771: 7766: 7666: 7656: 7631: 7314: 7304: 7249: 7244: 7229: 7219: 7204: 7199: 7086: 6974: 6964: 6843: 6818: 6813: 6786: 6781: 6761: 6751: 6741: 6706: 6696: 6686: 6638: 6628: 6603: 6568: 6563: 6538: 6191: 5973: 5634: 5624: 5383: 5353: 5343: 5338: 5318: 5313: 5193: 5140: 4849: 4839: 4829: 4824: 4814: 4526: 3787: 3761: 3686: 2897: 1998:

No longer a residential bishopric, Cyrene is today listed by the

1982: 1975: 1702: 1633: 1519: 1285: 1204:

and succeeded by his brother Learchus, who was murdered in turn.

1092:

and assisted him in an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt during the

1008: 953: 785: 653: 483: 427:. The city was destroyed by Jewish fighters in AD 115 during the 327: 101: 7259: 6573: 3114: 1264:

from Cyrene. Roman statue from the second century AD now in the

1254:

was a native of Cyrene and ordained the first bishop of Cyrene.

1184:

Marble bust of Emperor Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 AD), from the

7741: 7616: 7284: 7214: 7194: 7156: 7022: 6828: 6721: 6658: 6648: 6593: 6211: 6196: 5792: 5777: 5752: 5747: 5732: 5393: 5388: 5155: 5135: 4879: 4869: 4864: 4735: 4695: 4685: 4670: 4222:

L'Agorà di Cirene. I: I lati nord ed est della platea inferiore

3662: 2146:

Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya

1750: 1745: 1698: 1629: 1503: 1468: 1411: 992: 949: 788: 740: 717: 691: 687: 526: 486: 369: 4090:(1). Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. 3146: 3085: 838:. He may also have mediated a peace with Barca and introduced 617: 576: 8117: 8095: 7751: 7294: 7269: 7166: 7106: 7091: 6959: 6919: 6671: 6583: 6578: 6548: 6543: 6518: 6201: 5742: 5697: 5649: 5221: 5173: 4874: 4844: 4791: 4766: 4705: 4675: 4484: 4430: 2606: 1714: 1518:

Cyrene is now an archaeological site north of the village of

1483: 1192:

After 96 BC, the Romans initially ignored the new territory.

1153:. It was apparently given to Ptolemy VIII's illegitimate son 1135:. Cyrene was established as a separate kingdom once more for 1012: 1004: 907: 903: 850: 835: 806: 760: 744: 713: 494: 465: 380: 331: 39: 4060:. Libya Archaeological Guides. Vol. 2. Silphium Press. 3975:

Goodchild, R. G.; Reynolds, J. M.; Herington, C. J. (1958).

3586: 2780:

Agathokles of Syracuse: Sicilian Tyrant and Hellenistic King

1609: 27:

Ancient Greek and Roman city near present-day Shahhat, Libya

7299: 7274: 7224: 6711: 6701: 1402:

The site was totally abandoned in the early modern period.

1218: 1117:, Ecdelus and Demophanes, may also belong in this period. 1015:) to the cities of Greece and the Macedonian royal family. 623: 608: 582: 567: 541: 535: 510: 489:. Some modern scholars sometimes attribute the name to its 4413: 4195:

The Necropolis of Cyrene: two hundred years of exploration

3974: 3569: 3557: 3481: 3003: 3001: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2887: 2885: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2623: 2621: 2474: 2472: 2433: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2392: 2390: 2165:"21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of" 1744:

The sanctuary to Demeter and Persephone, which includes a

1657:

The reconstructed temple of Zeus, seen from the southwest.

1491:-led team conducted ongoing emergency conservation on the 50: 4115:

De Cyrène à Catherine : trois mille ans de libyennes

3529: 3527: 3370:

Alessandro Chechi; Anne Laure Bandle; Marc-André Renold.

3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3075: 3073: 3071: 2987:. Loeb Classical Library edition, Plutarch. Vol. III 2517:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 266. 2330: 2328: 2326: 1583:

covers about 20 km² to the south and north of the city.

991:. Cyrene may also have extended its control eastwards to 365:, located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) to the north. 3259: 3257: 3255: 3227:

Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques

2909: 2193: 2191: 2189: 1144:. He also had a will inscribed, promising Cyrene to the 698:

and brought her to Libya, where she gave birth to a son

4407:

University of Pennsylvania Museum excavations at Cyrene

3104: 3102: 3100: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 2998: 2921: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2796: 2714: 2672: 2633: 2618: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2469: 2414: 2387: 2370:"Archaic Cyrene and the Cult of Demeter and Persephone" 3621: 3539: 3524: 3351: 3233: 3068: 2938: 2531: 2402: 2323: 2251:

Boardman, John (1968). "Bronze Age Greece and Libya".

1740:

Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone, Cyrene

1733: 1414:. The first systematic excavations were undertaken by 1224:

Because of its large Jewish population, Cyrene was an

1027:

The Cyrene bronze head in the British Museum (300 BC).

4139: 4097:

La scoperta di Cirene: un secolo di scavi (1913-2013)

3393: 3252: 2782:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 265–267. 2457: 2186: 1880:

winner at chariot-race. There was a statue of him at

1870:(310/305 – 240 BC), poet, critic, and scholar at the 1847:(c. 435 – c. 356 BC), philosopher and founder of the 632: 620: 605: 591: 579: 564: 550: 538: 523: 3198:

Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus

3158: 3097: 3013: 2863: 2594: 2484: 2445: 1057:'s attack on Carthage and was immediately murdered. 924:

in 460 BC, in celebration of which Pindar wrote the

724:, founded Cyrene in 631 BC, under the leadership of 614: 573: 532: 4142:

Justinianic mosaic pavements in Cyrenaican Churches

2981:Plutarch (1931). "Bravery of Women (Part 2 of 2)". 1080:and had crowned himself king by 276 BC. He married 690:in the early fifth century BC reports that the god 611: 570: 529: 482:who supposedly founded the city with help from the 8731:Populated places established in the 7th century BC 3608:"Mediterranean and Near Eastern Fieldwork at Penn" 3187: 3185: 979:During the fourth century BC, Cyrene clashed with 4479: 4277: 4162:Antiquitates, vol 71. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, 4140:Rosenbaum, Elizabeth; Ward-Perkins, John (1980). 3887: 8717: 4296: 2221:: Cambridge University Press, p. 247, n. 38 664:, since it is on the easiest sea route from the 558:, they are more often read in modern English as 4762: 4371:(in Italian). Istituto Italiano dÁrti Grafiche. 4334: 3888:Asolati, Michele; Crisafulli, Cristina (2018). 3191: 3182: 2652:Thucydides (1998). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.). 1534:and a number of other palatial residences, the 4297:Ermeti, Anna Lia; Bacchielli, Lidiano (1981). 4125:(in Italian). Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore. 3712:Pausanias, Description of Greece, Paus. 6.18.1 1336:mentions under 4 July a tradition that in the 784:appealed to Egypt for help around 570 BC. The 7465: 7451: 4542: 4465: 4335:Santucci, Anna; Micheli, Maria Elisa (2000). 4278:Bacchielli, Lidiano; Stucchi, Sandro (1983). 1934:, the man who helped carry the cross of Jesus 1312:, Libyan nomads, who were defeated in 269 by 470:) of uncertain origin. The Greeks themselves 3437:. Global Heritage Fund (GHF). Archived from 1624:One of its more significant features is the 1328:, Cyrene became part of the new province of 1292:. The city was an early member of Hadrian's 1188:at Cyrene, now in The British Museum, London 411:, the city alternated between being part of 8726:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Libya 4353: 3890:Cirene e la Cirenaica in età greca e romana 1940:(c. 373 – c. 414 AD), author and bishop of 1140:including the construction of a monumental 813:According to Herodotus, conflict with king 763:) were settled at the same time as Cyrene. 702:. Greek historical traditions, reported in 445: 7458: 7444: 5428: 4549: 4535: 4472: 4458: 4315: 4239: 2651: 2253:The Annual of the British School at Athens 1068:as king of Cyrene, circa 282/75 to 261 BC. 4120: 3965: 3501:"Interview with archaeologist Mario Luni" 3372:"Case: Venus of Cyrene – Italy and Libya" 3007: 2932: 2891: 2807: 2725: 2683: 2666: 2639: 2627: 2478: 2427: 2396: 2334: 2292: 2290: 1610:Caesareum and Stoa of Hermes and Heracles 648:People have lived in Cyrenaica since the 4433:"IRCyr. Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica" 4015: 3944: 3734:Pausanias, Description of Greece, 6.12.2 3570:Goodchild, Reynolds & Herington 1958 3558:Goodchild, Reynolds & Herington 1958 3545: 3378:. Art-Law Centre, University of Geneva. 3230:, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1162–1164 3216: 3214: 3212: 2980: 2903: 2777: 2698:"Account of Cyrene about grain supplies" 2695: 2250: 1773: 1652: 1604: 1256: 1179: 1119: 1059: 1022: 967:on the Athenian model. A group of 3,000 872: 793: 4364: 4258: 4218: 4173: 4074: 4053: 3925: 3906: 3824:"Titular Episcopal See of Cyrene Libya" 3750:Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae 3668: 3633: 3627: 3533: 3487: 3460:"Archaeological Site of Cyrene (Libya)" 3399: 3357: 3263: 3246: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3120: 3108: 3091: 3079: 3026: 2944: 2876: 2612: 2600: 2549: 2537: 2497: 2463: 2451: 2439: 2408: 2376:. Vol. 17, no. 4. Penn Museum 2296: 2208: 2206: 2197: 1542:, two theatres, a sacred area, and the 1031:In 324 BC, a Spartan mercenary leader, 999:at Delphi between 350 and 325 BC. When 14: 8718: 8487:Latin translations of the 12th century 6482: 4225:(in Italian). L'Erma di Bretchneider. 2773: 2771: 2287: 2010:has also treated it as a titular see. 1619: 1513: 8776:Populated places in ancient Cyrenaica 8217:Straightedge and compass construction 7439: 7339: 6481: 5910: 5414: 4761: 4581: 4530: 4453: 4357:Gli scavi delle terme romane a Cirene 4192: 4034: 3641:"Ancient Libyan Necropolis Bulldozed" 3209: 2915: 2367: 2212: 1096:. Inscribed accounts indicate severe 1018: 399:in the fourth century BC, founded by 73: 8182:Incircle and excircles of a triangle 6950:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus 4582: 4094: 3981:Papers of the British School at Rome 2203: 8781:Roman amphitheaters in North Africa 4501:Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna 4339:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 4301:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 4197:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 4099:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 3911:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 3892:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 2958:"Will of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II" 2844: 2819: 2778:de Lisle, Christopher Mark (2021). 2768: 2509: 1734:Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone 1577:Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone 1343: 1039:for help. Ptolemy sent his general 868: 716:Greeks, who had been expelled from 423:and became part of the province of 24: 5911: 4556: 4318:L'insula di Giasone Magno a Cirene 3966:Goodchild, Richard George (1971). 3583:"Cyrenaica Archaeological Project" 3301:"Colossal marble statue of Apollo" 2299:Greece in the making, 1200–469 B.C 1964:Known bishops of the town include 1959: 1949:(c. 5th century BC), mathematician 1643: 25: 8802: 4376: 4037:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire 3951:. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. 3805:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 2348:"Art and Craft in Archaic Sparta" 1826: 1713:) by three columns in antis. The 1648: 1397: 938:defeated by the Persians in Egypt 894:, which may have been used as an 766: 8699: 8686: 7419: 7409: 7400: 7399: 4516:Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus 4392:Explore Cyrene with Google Earth 3585:. Cyrenacica.org. Archived from 2572:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02067.x 2301:. London: Routledge. p. 8. 2110: 2101: 2092: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2044: 2032: 2020: 1508:List of World Heritage in Danger 1474:in 1982. Beginning in 2006, the 1316:, prefect of Egypt. The emperor 601: 560: 519: 419:hub. In 96 BC, it passed to the 72: 65: 49: 7420: 4506:Archaeological Site of Sabratha 3945:Dinsmoor, William Bell (1950). 3881: 3867:from the original on 2017-06-25 3845: 3834:from the original on 2017-06-17 3816: 3793: 3767: 3738: 3727: 3716: 3705: 3694: 3674: 3600: 3575: 3513:from the original on 2011-05-14 3493: 3470:from the original on 2017-10-22 3452: 3423: 3413:"Archaeological Site of Cyrene" 3405: 3382:from the original on 2013-12-13 3363: 3322: 3293: 3269: 3126: 3056: 3044: 3032: 2974: 2962:Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica 2950: 2838: 2813: 2755: 2743:Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica 2731: 2702:Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica 2689: 2645: 2543: 2503: 2175:from the original on 2015-12-03 1907:(fl. 6th century BC), epic poet 1790: 1705:) was supported by two columns 1614: 1390:(580–607). The city fell under 1175: 694:fell in love with the huntress 8519:A History of Greek Mathematics 8032:The Quadrature of the Parabola 4084:Études d'Antiquités Africaines 3977:"The Temple of Zeus at Cyrene" 2765:Münster: Lit, 2015, pp. 26–33. 2361: 2340: 2244: 2226: 2157: 1728: 1332:(also called Pentapolis). The 1200:, who was deposed by his wife 433:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb 349:Cyrene lies on a ridge of the 13: 1: 8756:Archaeological sites in Libya 8751:World Heritage Sites in Libya 5021: 5008: 4989: 4972: 4496:Archaeological Site of Cyrene 4193:Thorn, James Copland (2005). 3701:Polyaenus, Strategems, 2.27.1 3179:, pp. 150, 188, 225–226. 2151: 1916:(3rd century BC), philosopher 1798: 1763: 1272:A massive Jewish revolt, the 1196:mentions a tyrant of Cyrene, 720:and settled on the island of 671: 357:. Since 1982, it has been a 239:Archaeological Site of Cyrene 55:Sanctuary of Apollo at Cyrene 8300:Intersecting secants theorem 6149:Funeral and burial practices 5334:Military of Mycenaean Greece 4354:Ghislanzoni, Ettore (1916). 4316:Mingazzini, Paolino (1966). 4240:Bacchielli, Lidiano (1981). 3723:Perseus Encyclopedia, Idaeus 3417:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2350:. Metropolitan Museum of Art 1807:, developed here as a minor 1594: 1226:early centre of Christianity 916:won the chariot race at the 501: 460: 7: 8295:Intersecting chords theorem 8162:Doctrine of proportionality 4113:Poli Fabrice, Vottéro Guy, 3970:(in German). Zurich: Raggi. 3135:(Typographia Vaticana 2001 2119: 1876:Cratisthenes of Cyrene, an 1536:Stoa of Hermes and Heracles 1480:Second University of Naples 1320:restored Cyrene, naming it 971:who had been expelled from 368:The city was attributed to 10: 8807: 7991:On the Sphere and Cylinder 7944:On the Sizes and Distances 6073:Greek Revival architecture 5415: 4437:ircyr2020.inslib.kcl.ac.uk 4121:Rosamilia, Emilio (2023). 4117:, Nancy, ADRA, 2005, 464p. 4016:Grainger, John D. (2010). 3926:Clayton, Peter A. (2006). 3330:"Bronze portrait of a man" 2013: 1899:circumference of the Earth 1767: 1737: 1660: 1478:, in partnership with the 877:The Temple of Zeus, Cyrene 805:for export, on a Laconian 728:, at the prompting of the 675: 643: 495: 466: 359:UNESCO World Heritage Site 229:UNESCO World Heritage Site 40: 8693:Ancient Greece portal 8682: 8632: 8510: 8497:Philosophy of mathematics 8467: 8460: 8434: 8412:Ptolemy's table of chords 8356: 8338: 8237: 8230: 8086: 8048: 7865: 7473: 7467:Ancient Greek mathematics 7395: 7346: 7340: 7335: 7180: 7057: 7046: 6973: 6895: 6852: 6799: 6657: 6509: 6500: 6496: 6477: 6426: 6341: 6279: 6241: 6234: 6184: 6144: 6135: 6057: 5934: 5930: 5906: 5872: 5841: 5683: 5570: 5514: 5481:Attalid kings of Pergamon 5436: 5427: 5423: 5410: 5289:Antigonid Macedonian army 5262: 5235: 5207: 5164: 5121: 5112: 4954: 4893: 4790: 4786: 4757: 4656: 4605: 4601: 4577: 4564: 4491: 4259:Purcaro, Valeria (2001). 3993:10.1017/S0068246200007054 3907:Cariddi, Lorenzo (2020). 3334:British Museum Highlights 3305:British Museum Highlights 3281:British Museum Collection 3123:, pp. 149 & 154. 2906:, pp. 325 & 327. 2696:Dobias-Lalou, Catherine. 2265:10.1017/S006824540001426X 2141:Priest of Apollo (Cyrene) 1897:. First to calculate the 1723:Statue of Zeus at Olympia 1428:Italian invasion of Libya 1381:Robber Council of Ephesus 1338:persecution of Diocletian 1172:who lived around 100 BC. 1011:of grain (ca. 40,000,000 960:to lead them to Sicily. 801:oversees the weighing of 295: 291: 281: 271: 259: 251: 243: 235: 226: 222: 217: 203: 195: 187: 172: 167: 159: 122: 112: 97: 89: 60: 48: 37: 8364:Aristarchus's inequality 7937:On Conoids and Spheroids 4401:Cyrene and the Cyrenaica 4219:Stucchi, Sandro (1965). 4174:Stucchi, Sandro (1976). 4054:Kenrick, Philip (2013). 3645:Archaeology News Network 2851:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 2826:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 2739:"Diagramma of Ptolemy I" 1864:Callicratidas, a general 1599: 1467:The site was declared a 1104:, to marry her daughter 8761:Greek colonies in Libya 8472:Ancient Greek astronomy 8285:Inscribed angle theorem 8275:Greek geometric algebra 7930:Measurement of a Circle 4396:Global Heritage Network 4365:Pernier, Luigi (1935). 4320:. Rome: Bretschneider. 4282:. Roma: Bretschneider. 4263:. Roma: Bretschneider. 4244:. Roma: Bretschneider. 4178:. Rome: Bretschneider. 4144:. Rome: Bretschneider. 4035:Hölbl, Günther (2001). 3930:. Thames & Hudson. 3773:Anton Joseph Binterim, 3671:, p. 238, 244-245. 3155:, pp. 7 & 150. 3094:, pp. 6 & 163. 2297:Osborne, Robin (2009). 2213:Janko, Richard (1982), 2136:List of Kings of Cyrene 1994:Leontius (fl.600 circa) 1815:(perhaps the friend of 995:. Cyrene constructed a 599:or, in its Latin form, 440: 363:Apollonia (Marsa Sousa) 8706:Mathematics portal 8492:Non-Euclidean geometry 8447:Mouseion of Alexandria 8320:Tangent-secant theorem 8270:Geometric mean theorem 8255:Exterior angle theorem 8250:Angle bisector theorem 7954:On Sizes and Distances 5515:Artists & scholars 5430:List of ancient Greeks 5067:Second Athenian League 4916:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 4741:Ancient Greek colonies 4383:Cyrene project summary 4360:(in Italian). Alfieri. 4176:Architettura cirenaica 3853:"Cyrene (Titular See) 3647:. 2013. Archived from 2984:De Mulierum Virtutibus 2845:Bennett, Christopher. 2822:"Magas king of Cyrene" 2820:Bennett, Christopher. 2615:, pp. 3 & 39. 2368:White, Domald (1975). 2027:Agora Victory Monument 1988:Filo II (fl.370 circa) 1928:, philosopher of music 1783: 1778:Rock-cut tombs in the 1663:Temple of Zeus, Cyrene 1658: 1388:Eulogius of Alexandria 1269: 1248:Coptic Orthodox Church 1189: 1128: 1069: 1055:Agathocles of Syracuse 1050:Treaty of Triparadisus 1028: 878: 810: 660:visited Cyrene in the 446: 361:. The city's port was 8394:Pappus's area theorem 8330:Theorem of the gnomon 8207:Quadratrix of Hippias 8130:Circles of Apollonius 8078:Problem of Apollonius 8056:Constructible numbers 7880:Archimedes Palimpsest 6634:Sybaris on the Traeis 5359:Sacred Band of Thebes 5099:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD) 4613:Cycladic civilization 3764:, 1931), p. 462. 3133:Martyrologium Romanum 2654:The Peloponnesian War 2008:Greek Orthodox Church 1895:Library of Alexandria 1872:Library of Alexandria 1777: 1656: 1605:House of Jason Magnus 1532:House of Jason Magnus 1299:House of Jason Magnus 1260: 1232:carried the cross of 1186:house of Jason Magnus 1183: 1123: 1063: 1026: 989:Altars of the Phileni 920:in 462 BC and at the 876: 797: 338:. It was part of the 144:32.82500°N 21.85806°E 90:Alternative name 8746:Jebel Akhdar (Libya) 8610:prehistoric counting 8407:Ptolemy's inequality 8348:Apollonius's theorem 8187:Method of exhaustion 8157:Diophantine equation 8147:Circumscribed circle 7964:On the Moving Sphere 6159:mythological figures 5880:Ancient Greek tribes 5005:Peloponnesian League 4511:Old Town of Ghadamès 4481:World Heritage Sites 4387:Global Heritage Fund 4158:Sachs, Gerd (2019). 4095:Luni, Mario (2014). 3968:Kyrene und Apollonia 3745:Pius Bonifacius Gams 2552:Conservation Biology 2238:Strong's Concordance 2075:The Temple of Apollo 2063:The Temple of Apollo 1953:Theaetetus of Cyrene 1922:, Hellenistic writer 1833:Aretaphila of Cyrene 1780:necropolis of Cyrene 1770:Necropolis of Cyrene 1588:University of Urbino 1581:necropolis of Cyrene 1506:added Cyrene to its 1476:Global Heritage Fund 1445:captured Cyrenaica. 1416:Robert Murdoch Smith 1354:Ammianus Marcellinus 1282:Eusebius of Caesarea 1202:Aretaphila of Cyrene 1133:priesthood of Apollo 1084:the daughter of the 397:school of philosophy 355:Necropolis of Cyrene 8786:Crete and Cyrenaica 8696: • 8502:Neusis construction 8422:Spiral of Theodorus 8315:Pythagorean theorem 8260:Euclidean algorithm 8202:Lune of Hippocrates 8071:Squaring the circle 7827:Theon of Alexandria 7502:Aristaeus the Elder 6271:Tunnel of Eupalinos 6266:Theatre of Dionysus 5890:Ancient Macedonians 5506:Tyrants of Syracuse 5018:Amphictyonic League 4618:Minoan civilization 3801:Annuario Pontificio 3490:, pp. 148–254. 3041:15:21 and parallels 2918:, pp. 185–186. 2564:2003ConBi..17..925P 2442:, pp. 195–197. 2374:Expedition Magazine 1701:. The front porch ( 1636:. There is a large 1620:Sanctuary of Apollo 1553:Sanctuary of Apollo 1514:Archaeological site 1497:Sanctuary of Apollo 1472:World Heritage Site 1228:. A Cyrenian named 1215:Crete and Cyrenaica 1001:Alexander the Great 976:following century. 936:army that had been 861:governor of Egypt, 472:attributed the name 425:Crete and Cyrenaica 140: / 104:, Jabal al Akhdar, 34: 8791:Baladiyat of Libya 8389:Menelaus's theorem 8379:Irrational numbers 8192:Parallel postulate 8167:Euclidean geometry 8135:Apollonian circles 7677:Isidore of Miletus 6945:Menestheus's Limin 6599:Pandosia (Lucania) 6487:Greek colonisation 5849:Athenian statesmen 5610:Diogenes of Sinope 5471:Kings of Macedonia 5461:Kings of Commagene 5329:Macedonian phalanx 5309:Hellenistic armies 5057:(c. 424–c. 395 BC) 4921:Indo-Greek Kingdom 4643:Hellenistic Greece 4213:Excavation reports 3861:Catholic-Hierarchy 3782:2018-01-07 at the 3756:2015-06-26 at the 3220:Raymond Janin, v. 2761:Pfeiffer, Stefan: 2087:The Tomb of Battus 2051:The Temple of Zeus 2039:The Temple of Zeus 1811:school founded by 1784: 1709:; the back porch ( 1659: 1482:(SUN, Italy), the 1358:Theodosian decrees 1270: 1262:Apollo Kitharoidos 1190: 1129: 1102:Demetrius the Fair 1070: 1029: 1019:Hellenistic period 993:Catabathmus Magnus 930:Fifth Pythian Odes 879: 811: 686:first recorded by 678:Greek colonisation 372:and the legendary 272:Reference no. 149:32.82500; 21.85806 81:Shown within Libya 32: 8713: 8712: 8678: 8677: 8430: 8429: 8417:Ptolemy's theorem 8290:Intercept theorem 8140:Apollonian gasket 8066:Doubling the cube 8039:The Sand Reckoner 7433: 7432: 7391: 7390: 7331: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7323: 7322: 6897:Iberian Peninsula 6829:Lipara/Meligounis 6795: 6794: 6473: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6446:Cypriot syllabary 6337: 6336: 6246:Athenian Treasury 6230: 6229: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5491:Ptolemaic dynasty 5451:Archons of Athens 5406: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5277:Athenian military 5258: 5257: 5091:League of Corinth 5073:Thessalian League 5049:Chalcidian League 5031:Acarnanian League 4941:Ptolemaic Kingdom 4753: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4524: 4523: 4403:by Jona Lendering 4168:978-3-339-10636-0 4067:978-1-900971-14-0 3958:978-0-8196-0283-1 3811:978-88-209-9070-1 3690:. 5 October 2023. 3506:The Art Newspaper 3376:Platform ArThemis 3141:978-88-209-7210-3 2669:, pp. 23–24. 2308:978-0-415-46991-3 1447:Richard Goodchild 1334:Roman Martyrology 1318:Claudius Gothicus 942:Peloponnesian War 888:Temple of Demeter 845:Battus III's son 809:, ca. 565-560 BC. 474:to the legendary 326:near present-day 304:, also sometimes 299: 298: 212:Umayyad Caliphate 16:(Redirected from 8798: 8766:Tourism in Libya 8704: 8703: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8465: 8464: 8452:Platonic Academy 8399:Problem II.8 of 8369:Crossbar theorem 8325:Thales's theorem 8265:Euclid's theorem 8235: 8234: 8152:Commensurability 8113:Axiomatic system 8061:Angle trisection 8026: 8016: 7978: 7968: 7958: 7948: 7924: 7914: 7897: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7437: 7436: 7423: 7422: 7413: 7403: 7402: 7337: 7336: 7055: 7054: 6554:Heraclea Lucania 6507: 6506: 6498: 6497: 6479: 6478: 6239: 6238: 6171:Twelve Olympians 6142: 6141: 5932: 5931: 5908: 5907: 5496:Seleucid dynasty 5476:Kings of Paionia 5425: 5424: 5412: 5411: 5282:Scythian archers 5189:Graphe paranomon 5119: 5118: 5026: 5023: 5013: 5010: 4994: 4991: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4788: 4787: 4759: 4758: 4638:Classical Greece 4623:Mycenaean Greece 4603: 4602: 4579: 4578: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4528: 4527: 4474: 4467: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4372: 4361: 4350: 4331: 4312: 4293: 4274: 4255: 4236: 4208: 4189: 4155: 4136: 4110: 4091: 4071: 4050: 4031: 4012: 3971: 3962: 3941: 3922: 3903: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3839: 3820: 3814: 3797: 3791: 3771: 3765: 3742: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3720: 3714: 3709: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3594: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3560:, p. 51-61. 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3336:. Archived from 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3307:. Archived from 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3250: 3244: 3231: 3218: 3207: 3204:Via Google Books 3202: 3189: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3011: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2880: 2874: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2794: 2793: 2775: 2766: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2482: 2476: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2321: 2320: 2294: 2285: 2284: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2210: 2201: 2195: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2161: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2084: 2072: 2060: 2048: 2036: 2024: 1859:Academic skeptic 1459: 1344:Byzantine period 1162:deuterocanonical 1094:First Syrian War 869:Classical period 857:appealed to the 730:Oracle of Delphi 636: 630: 629: 626: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 595: 589: 588: 585: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 554: 548: 547: 544: 543: 540: 537: 534: 531: 528: 525: 504: 498: 497: 469: 468: 463: 449: 403:, a disciple of 330:in northeastern 155: 154: 152: 151: 150: 145: 141: 138: 137: 136: 133: 76: 75: 69: 53: 43: 42: 35: 31: 21: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8795: 8736:Dorian colonies 8716: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8698: 8687: 8685: 8674: 8640:Arabian/Islamic 8628: 8617:numeral systems 8506: 8456: 8426: 8374:Heron's formula 8352: 8334: 8226: 8222:Triangle center 8212:Regular polygon 8089:and definitions 8088: 8082: 8044: 8024: 8014: 7976: 7966: 7956: 7946: 7922: 7912: 7895: 7861: 7832:Theon of Smyrna 7477: 7469: 7464: 7434: 7429: 7387: 7342: 7319: 7182: 7176: 7059: 7050: 7042: 7013:Melaina Korkyra 6969: 6891: 6848: 6801:Aeolian Islands 6791: 6653: 6511: 6492: 6491: 6465: 6422: 6333: 6275: 6226: 6180: 6131: 6053: 6044:Wedding customs 5926: 5925: 5894: 5885:Thracian Greeks 5868: 5859:Olympic victors 5837: 5679: 5566: 5510: 5501:Kings of Sparta 5486:Kings of Pontus 5456:Kings of Athens 5432: 5419: 5398: 5294:Army of Macedon 5254: 5231: 5203: 5160: 5108: 5081:(370–c. 230 BC) 5079:Arcadian League 5063:(c. 400–188 BC) 5061:Aetolian League 5055:Boeotian League 5037:Hellenic League 5024: 5011: 5001:(c. 650–404 BC) 4992: 4986:Italiote League 4979: 4975: 4969:Doric Hexapolis 4959: 4950: 4946:Seleucid Empire 4889: 4782: 4781: 4745: 4652: 4628:Greek Dark Ages 4597: 4596: 4573: 4560: 4555: 4525: 4520: 4487: 4478: 4441: 4439: 4422: 4420: 4379: 4347: 4328: 4309: 4290: 4271: 4252: 4233: 4205: 4186: 4152: 4133: 4107: 4068: 4047: 4028: 4018:The Syrian Wars 3959: 3938: 3919: 3900: 3884: 3879: 3870: 3868: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3837: 3835: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3798: 3794: 3784:Wayback Machine 3772: 3768: 3758:Wayback Machine 3743: 3739: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3695: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3654: 3652: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3613: 3611: 3610:. Sas.upenn.edu 3606: 3605: 3601: 3592: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3525: 3516: 3514: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3444: 3442: 3431:"Cyrene, Libya" 3429: 3428: 3424: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3343: 3341: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3314: 3312: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3285: 3283: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3253: 3245: 3234: 3219: 3210: 3193:Michel Le Quien 3190: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3014: 3006: 2999: 2990: 2988: 2979: 2975: 2966: 2964: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2883: 2875: 2864: 2855: 2853: 2843: 2839: 2830: 2828: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2797: 2790: 2776: 2769: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2745: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2715: 2706: 2704: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2548: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2485: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2388: 2379: 2377: 2366: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2333: 2324: 2309: 2295: 2288: 2249: 2245: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2211: 2204: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2169:Daily Telegraph 2163: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2122: 2115: 2106: 2097: 2088: 2085: 2076: 2073: 2064: 2061: 2052: 2049: 2040: 2037: 2028: 2025: 2016: 2000:Catholic Church 1962: 1960:List of bishops 1932:Simon of Cyrene 1849:Cyrenaic School 1839:Arete of Cyrene 1829: 1801: 1793: 1772: 1766: 1742: 1736: 1731: 1665: 1651: 1646: 1644:Central Quarter 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1573:Central Quarter 1557:Baths of Trajan 1516: 1453: 1435:Venus of Cyrene 1408:Richard Beechey 1400: 1346: 1314:Tenagino Probus 1280:. According to 1274:Diaspora revolt 1250:, its founder, 1178: 1170:Jason of Cyrene 1046:Ptolemaic realm 1037:Ptolemy I Soter 1021: 871: 840:trial by combat 769: 680: 674: 646: 634: 604: 600: 593: 563: 559: 552: 522: 518: 443: 429:Diaspora revolt 413:Ptolemaic Egypt 409:Hellenistic Age 231: 176:Colonists from 148: 146: 142: 139: 134: 131: 129: 127: 126: 85: 84: 83: 82: 79: 78: 77: 56: 44: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8804: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8711: 8710: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8633:Other cultures 8630: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8614: 8613: 8612: 8602: 8601: 8600: 8590: 8589: 8588: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8554: 8553: 8552: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8530: 8529: 8528: 8514: 8512: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8482:Greek numerals 8479: 8477:Attic numerals 8474: 8468: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8344: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8305:Law of cosines 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8246: 8244: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8197:Platonic solid 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8177:Greek numerals 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8127: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8110: 8109: 8108: 8103: 8092: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8018: 8008: 8005:Planisphaerium 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7970: 7960: 7950: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7916: 7906: 7899: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7483: 7481: 7475:Mathematicians 7471: 7470: 7463: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7440: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7407: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7333: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7186: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7061: 7052: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6979: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6901: 6899: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6747:Megara Hyblaea 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6727:Hybla Gereatis 6724: 6719: 6717:Heraclea Minoa 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6663: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6504: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6483: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6461:Attic numerals 6458: 6456:Greek numerals 6453: 6451:Greek alphabet 6448: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6347: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6105:Musical system 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6064: 6062: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5912: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5576: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5537:Mathematicians 5534: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Kings of Argos 5442: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5421: 5420: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5304:Cretan archers 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5274: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5103:Achaean League 5100: 5097:Euboean League 5094: 5088: 5085:Epirote League 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5033:(c. 500–31 BC) 5028: 5015: 5002: 4996: 4983: 4965: 4963: 4961:Confederations 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4885:Lissus (Crete) 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4794: 4784: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4763: 4755: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4633:Archaic Greece 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4558:Ancient Greece 4554: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4462: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4428: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4389: 4378: 4377:External links 4375: 4374: 4373: 4362: 4351: 4345: 4332: 4326: 4313: 4307: 4294: 4288: 4275: 4269: 4256: 4250: 4237: 4231: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4190: 4184: 4171: 4156: 4150: 4137: 4131: 4118: 4111: 4105: 4092: 4076:Laronde, Andre 4072: 4066: 4051: 4045: 4032: 4026: 4013: 3972: 3963: 3957: 3942: 3936: 3923: 3917: 3904: 3898: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3877: 3844: 3815: 3792: 3766: 3737: 3726: 3715: 3704: 3693: 3673: 3661: 3632: 3630:, p. 235. 3620: 3599: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3536:, p. 222. 3523: 3492: 3480: 3451: 3422: 3404: 3392: 3362: 3360:, p. 237. 3350: 3321: 3292: 3268: 3251: 3249:, p. 151. 3232: 3208: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3125: 3113: 3096: 3084: 3082:, p. 149. 3067: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3012: 3008:Rosamilia 2023 2997: 2973: 2949: 2947:, p. 259. 2937: 2933:Rosamilia 2023 2920: 2908: 2896: 2892:Rosamilia 2023 2881: 2862: 2837: 2812: 2808:Rosamilia 2023 2795: 2788: 2767: 2754: 2730: 2726:Rosamilia 2023 2713: 2688: 2684:Rosamilia 2023 2671: 2667:Rosamilia 2023 2659: 2644: 2640:Rosamilia 2023 2632: 2628:Rosamilia 2023 2617: 2605: 2593: 2558:(3): 925–927. 2542: 2540:, p. 242. 2530: 2523: 2502: 2483: 2479:Rosamilia 2023 2468: 2456: 2444: 2432: 2428:Rosamilia 2023 2413: 2411:, p. 156. 2401: 2397:Rosamilia 2023 2386: 2360: 2339: 2335:Rosamilia 2023 2322: 2307: 2286: 2243: 2234:"2957. Kuréné" 2225: 2202: 2200:, p. 200. 2185: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2107: 2100: 2098: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2019: 2015: 2012: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1979: 1972: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1920:Philostephanus 1917: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1888: 1874: 1865: 1862: 1852: 1842: 1836: 1828: 1827:Notable people 1825: 1800: 1797: 1792: 1789: 1768:Main article: 1765: 1762: 1738:Main article: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1687:Temple of Zeus 1669:Temple of Zeus 1661:Main article: 1650: 1649:Temple of Zeus 1647: 1645: 1642: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1569:Market Theatre 1565:Baths of Paris 1515: 1512: 1451:Sandro Stucchi 1424:Richard Norton 1420:British Museum 1399: 1398:Modern history 1396: 1345: 1342: 1330:Libya Superior 1266:British Museum 1211:Roman province 1177: 1174: 1146:Roman Republic 1020: 1017: 948:travelling to 946:Spartan forces 884:Temple of Zeus 870: 867: 847:Arcesilaus III 768: 767:Archaic period 765: 676:Main article: 673: 670: 645: 642: 442: 439: 421:Roman Republic 297: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 283: 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 261: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 245: 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 227: 224: 223: 220: 219: 215: 214: 208:Archaic Greece 205: 201: 200: 199:7th century AD 197: 193: 192: 189: 185: 184: 174: 170: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 80: 71: 70: 64: 63: 62: 61: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 38: 26: 18:Cyrene (Libya) 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8803: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8771:Cyrene, Libya 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8741:Ancient Thera 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8695: 8694: 8681: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8631: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8603: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8582: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8558: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8509: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8459: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8355: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8310:Pons asinorum 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8280:Hinge theorem 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8242: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8119: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8034: 8033: 8029: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7949: 7947:(Aristarchus) 7945: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7852:Zeno of Sidon 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7461: 7456: 7454: 7449: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7426: 7418: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7406: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7338: 7334: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6925:Hemeroscopion 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6502:Magna Graecia 6499: 6495: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6376:Arcadocypriot 6374: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6329:Zeus, Olympia 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6314:Hera, Olympia 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217:Mount Olympus 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185:Sacred places 6183: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6009:Olympic Games 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5999:Homosexuality 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5369:Seleucid army 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5043:Delian League 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5019: 5016: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4999:Ionian League 4997: 4987: 4984: 4980: 560 BC 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4721:Magna Graecia 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4468: 4463: 4461: 4456: 4455: 4452: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4370: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4346:9788882650759 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4308:9788870625035 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4289:9788870625387 4285: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4270:9788882651169 4266: 4262: 4257: 4253: 4251:9788870625028 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4232:9788870624472 4228: 4224: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4204:9788882653392 4200: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4151:9788891323729 4147: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4132:9788876427367 4128: 4124: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4106:9788891306425 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4027:9789004180505 4023: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3937:0-500-28628-0 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3918:9788891319623 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3899:9788891317155 3895: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3856: 3848: 3833: 3829: 3828:GCatholic.org 3825: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3697: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3677: 3670: 3665: 3651:on 2017-10-21 3650: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3629: 3624: 3609: 3603: 3589:on 2013-01-21 3588: 3584: 3578: 3572:, p. 39. 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3548:, p. 86. 3547: 3546:Dinsmoor 1950 3542: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3496: 3489: 3484: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3441:on 2009-04-09 3440: 3436: 3435:Where We Work 3432: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3402:, p. 16. 3401: 3396: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3340:on 2015-10-18 3339: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3311:on 2015-10-18 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3266:, p. 15. 3265: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3064: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3010:, p. 30. 3009: 3004: 3002: 2986: 2985: 2977: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2935:, p. 29. 2934: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2905: 2904:Grainger 2010 2900: 2894:, p. 28. 2893: 2888: 2886: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2852: 2848: 2847:"Berenice II" 2841: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2810:, p. 27. 2809: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2791: 2789:9780198861720 2785: 2781: 2774: 2772: 2764: 2758: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2728:, p. 26. 2727: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2703: 2699: 2692: 2686:, p. 25. 2685: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2668: 2663: 2655: 2648: 2642:, p. 23. 2641: 2636: 2630:, p. 22. 2629: 2624: 2622: 2614: 2609: 2602: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2539: 2534: 2526: 2524:0-521-22804-2 2520: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2499: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2481:, p. 20. 2480: 2475: 2473: 2466:, p. 68. 2465: 2460: 2453: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2430:, p. 21. 2429: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2410: 2405: 2399:, p. 18. 2398: 2393: 2391: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2349: 2343: 2337:, p. 19. 2336: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2291: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2207: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2059: 2054: 2047: 2042: 2035: 2030: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1991:Rufo (fl.449) 1990: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884:, created by 1883: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1841:, philosopher 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1821:Michel Onfray 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1796: 1788: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1741: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1655: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1592: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:Greek Theatre 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1392:Arab conquest 1389: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377:East Churches 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278:Marcius Turbo 1275: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1187: 1182: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1155:Ptolemy Apion 1152: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1025: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 977: 974: 970: 966: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 922:Olympic Games 919: 918:Pythian Games 915: 914:Arcesilaus IV 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 896:abortifacient 893: 889: 885: 875: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 816: 815:Arcesilaus II 808: 804: 800: 799:Arcesilaus II 796: 792: 790: 787: 783: 779: 775: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 679: 669: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 641: 639: 638: 628: 598: 597: 587: 557: 556: 546: 516: 512: 508: 503: 492: 488: 485: 481: 477: 473: 462: 457: 453: 448: 438: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 375: 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 322: 318: 315: 314:ancient Greek 311: 307: 303: 294: 290: 287: 284: 280: 277: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 236:Official name 234: 230: 225: 221: 216: 213: 209: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 183: 179: 175: 171: 166: 162: 158: 153: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 68: 59: 52: 47: 36: 30: 19: 8697: 8684: 8526:Thomas Heath 8517: 8441: 8400: 8384:Law of sines 8240: 8172:Golden ratio 8037: 8030: 8021: 8015:(Theodosius) 8011: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7973: 7963: 7957:(Hipparchus) 7953: 7943: 7935: 7928: 7919: 7909: 7901: 7896:(Apollonius) 7892: 7884: 7872: 7847:Zeno of Elea 7607:Eratosthenes 7597:Dionysodorus 7220:Dionysopolis 7190:Abonoteichos 7142:Pantikapaion 6876: 6732:Hybla Heraea 6068:Architecture 6024:Prostitution 5713:Aristophanes 5572:Philosophers 5542:Philosophers 5374:Spartan army 5105:(280–146 BC) 5093:(338–322 BC) 5087:(370–168 BC) 5075:(374–196 BC) 5069:(378–355 BC) 5051:(430–348 BC) 5045:(478–404 BC) 5039:(499–449 BC) 4726:Peloponnesus 4648:Roman Greece 4495: 4440:. Retrieved 4436: 4421:. Retrieved 4417: 4367: 4356: 4336: 4317: 4298: 4279: 4260: 4241: 4221: 4194: 4175: 4159: 4141: 4122: 4114: 4096: 4087: 4083: 4056: 4036: 4017: 3984: 3980: 3967: 3947: 3927: 3908: 3889: 3882:Bibliography 3869:. Retrieved 3860: 3854: 3847: 3836:. Retrieved 3827: 3818: 3799: 3795: 3775: 3769: 3749: 3740: 3729: 3718: 3707: 3696: 3685: 3676: 3669:Kenrick 2013 3664: 3653:. Retrieved 3649:the original 3644: 3635: 3628:Kenrick 2013 3623: 3612:. Retrieved 3602: 3591:. Retrieved 3587:the original 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3534:Kenrick 2013 3515:. Retrieved 3504: 3495: 3488:Kenrick 2013 3483: 3472:. Retrieved 3463: 3454: 3443:. Retrieved 3439:the original 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3400:Kenrick 2013 3395: 3384:. Retrieved 3375: 3365: 3358:Kenrick 2013 3353: 3342:. Retrieved 3338:the original 3333: 3324: 3313:. Retrieved 3309:the original 3304: 3295: 3284:. Retrieved 3280: 3271: 3264:Kenrick 2013 3247:Kenrick 2013 3226: 3221: 3197: 3177:Kenrick 2013 3172: 3167:, p. 8. 3165:Kenrick 2013 3160: 3153:Kenrick 2013 3148: 3132: 3128: 3121:Kenrick 2013 3116: 3111:, p. 7. 3109:Kenrick 2013 3092:Kenrick 2013 3087: 3080:Kenrick 2013 3065:, lxviii. 32 3058: 3050: 3046: 3034: 3029:, p. 6. 3027:Kenrick 2013 2989:. Retrieved 2983: 2976: 2965:. Retrieved 2961: 2952: 2945:Kenrick 2013 2940: 2911: 2899: 2879:, p. 5. 2877:Kenrick 2013 2854:. Retrieved 2850: 2840: 2829:. Retrieved 2825: 2815: 2779: 2762: 2757: 2746:. Retrieved 2742: 2733: 2705:. Retrieved 2701: 2691: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2635: 2613:Kenrick 2013 2608: 2603:, p. 4. 2601:Kenrick 2013 2596: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2538:Kenrick 2013 2533: 2514: 2511:Ray, John D. 2505: 2500:, p. 3. 2498:Kenrick 2013 2464:Kenrick 2013 2459: 2454:, p. 2. 2452:Kenrick 2013 2447: 2440:Clayton 2006 2435: 2409:Kenrick 2013 2404: 2378:. Retrieved 2373: 2363: 2352:. Retrieved 2342: 2298: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2214: 2198:Kenrick 2013 2177:. Retrieved 2168: 2159: 1997: 1971:by tradition 1963: 1891:Eratosthenes 1835:, noblewoman 1802: 1794: 1791:Water system 1785: 1743: 1711:opisthodomos 1668: 1666: 1623: 1615:Caravanserai 1585: 1561:Aqua Augusta 1544:caravanserai 1522:and east of 1517: 1501: 1466: 1439: 1432: 1401: 1370: 1347: 1322:Claudiopolis 1321: 1303: 1294:Panhellenion 1271: 1237: 1223: 1191: 1176:Roman period 1159: 1137:Ptolemy VIII 1130: 1071: 1030: 978: 962: 929: 925: 912: 880: 844: 812: 770: 738: 707: 681: 650:Palaeolithic 647: 454:form of the 444: 437: 367: 351:Jebel Akhdar 348: 336:North Africa 309: 301: 300: 117:Jebel Akhdar 29: 8593:mathematics 8401:Arithmetica 7998:Ostomachion 7967:(Autolycus) 7886:Arithmetica 7662:Hippocrates 7592:Dinostratus 7577:Dicaearchus 7507:Aristarchus 7368:Place names 7280:Salmydessus 7102:Kalos Limen 7082:Chersonesus 7072:Borysthenes 6777:Tauromenion 6589:Metapontion 6351:Proto-Greek 6304:Erechtheion 6299:Athena Nike 6261:Philippeion 6090:Mathematics 6061:and science 5944:Agriculture 5808:Stesichorus 5718:Bacchylides 5708:Archilochus 5595:Antisthenes 5585:Anaximander 5557:Seven Sages 5547:Playwrights 5527:Geographers 5522:Astronomers 5349:Pezhetairos 4976: 1100 4956:Federations 4855:Megalopolis 4792:City states 4767:City states 3063:Cassius Dio 3053:2.10, 11.20 2004:titular see 1868:Callimachus 1861:philosopher 1729:East Church 1563:, past the 1495:inside the 1462:anastylosis 1454: [ 1166:2 Maccabees 1110:Ptolemy III 1090:Antiochus I 778:Peloponnese 749:Euesperides 515:Garamantian 286:Arab States 255:ii, iii, vi 147: / 123:Coordinates 8720:Categories 8645:Babylonian 8545:arithmetic 8511:History of 8340:Apollonius 8025:(Menelaus) 7984:On Spirals 7903:Catoptrics 7842:Xenocrates 7837:Thymaridas 7822:Theodosius 7807:Theaetetus 7787:Simplicius 7777:Pythagoras 7762:Posidonius 7747:Philonides 7707:Nicomachus 7702:Metrodorus 7692:Menaechmus 7647:Hipparchus 7637:Heliodorus 7587:Diophantus 7572:Democritus 7552:Chrysippus 7522:Archimedes 7517:Apollonius 7487:Anaxagoras 7479:(timeline) 7270:Polemonion 7147:Phanagoria 7117:Kimmerikon 7112:Kerkinitis 7097:Hermonassa 7087:Dioscurias 6983:Aspalathos 6930:Kalathousa 6905:Akra Leuke 6834:Phoenicusa 6619:Scylletium 6604:Poseidonia 6524:Brentesion 6411:Pamphylian 6406:Macedonian 6324:Samothrace 6309:Hephaestus 6256:Long Walls 6235:Structures 6176:Underworld 6122:Technology 6085:Literature 6019:Philosophy 5984:Euergetism 5873:By culture 5818:Thucydides 5660:Pythagoras 5655:Protagoras 5645:Parmenides 5630:Heraclitus 5615:Empedocles 5605:Democritus 5590:Anaximenes 5580:Anaxagoras 5532:Historians 5025: 595 5012: 550 4993: 800 4978: – c. 4906:Cappadocia 4711:Ionian Sea 4701:Hellespont 4666:Aegean Sea 4442:2023-09-14 4423:2023-09-14 4327:8870623742 4185:887062448X 4046:0415201454 3871:2023-09-14 3838:2023-09-14 3655:2023-09-23 3614:2014-11-19 3593:2014-11-19 3517:2009-05-22 3474:2017-10-21 3445:2009-04-27 3386:2013-12-09 3344:2016-07-22 3315:2016-07-22 3286:2023-09-14 2991:2008-02-14 2967:2023-09-13 2916:Hölbl 2001 2856:2023-09-13 2831:2023-09-13 2748:2023-09-13 2707:2023-09-17 2380:2021-10-16 2354:2021-10-16 2179:2018-04-04 2152:References 1985:370 circa) 1974:Theodoro ( 1969:Saint Luke 1886:Pythagoras 1845:Aristippus 1813:Aristippus 1799:Philosophy 1764:Necropolis 1755:terracotta 1719:peripteros 1679:peripteral 1638:necropolis 1555:, and the 1366:Athanasius 1350:earthquake 1326:Diocletian 1310:Marmaritae 1306:earthquake 1252:Saint Mark 1198:Nicocrates 1151:Ptolemy IX 1127:of Cyrene. 1078:Ptolemy II 969:Messenians 859:Achaemenid 824:Battus III 684:Greek myth 672:Foundation 662:Bronze Age 658:Mycenaeans 476:Thessalian 401:Aristippus 340:Pentapolis 306:anglicized 263:1982 (6th 260:Designated 218:Site notes 163:Settlement 135:21°51′29″E 132:32°49′30″N 8106:Inscribed 7866:Treatises 7857:Zenodorus 7817:Theodorus 7792:Sosigenes 7737:Philolaus 7722:Oenopides 7717:Nicoteles 7712:Nicomedes 7672:Hypsicles 7567:Ctesibius 7557:Cleomedes 7542:Callippus 7527:Autolycus 7512:Aristotle 7492:Anthemius 7356:in Epirus 7305:Trapezous 7250:Mesambria 7235:Eupatoria 7205:Apollonia 7200:Anchialos 7162:Theodosia 7132:Nymphaion 7122:Myrmekion 7092:Gorgippia 7048:Black Sea 7033:Tragurion 7018:Nymphaion 7003:Epidauros 6998:Epidamnos 6988:Apollonia 6965:Zacynthos 6887:Ptolemais 6881:Apollonia 6854:Cyrenaica 6844:Therassía 6839:Strongyle 6819:Ereikousa 6742:Leontinoi 6682:Apollonia 6559:Hipponion 6356:Mycenaean 6319:Parthenon 6251:Lion Gate 6154:Mythology 6117:Sculpture 6080:Astronomy 6014:Pederasty 5989:Festivals 5974:Education 5854:Lawgivers 5823:Timocreon 5803:Sophocles 5798:Simonides 5773:Philocles 5768:Panyassis 5763:Mimnermus 5728:Herodotus 5723:Euripides 5693:Aeschylus 5640:Leucippus 5600:Aristotle 5379:Strategos 5245:Synedrion 5199:Ostracism 5179:Areopagus 5131:Free city 4926:Macedonia 4810:Byzantion 4716:Macedonia 4681:Cyrenaica 4658:Geography 4592:Geography 4057:Cyrenaica 4020:. Brill. 4001:0068-2462 3987:: 30–62. 3813:), p. 870 2317:488610565 2273:0068-2454 2259:: 41–44. 2219:Cambridge 2131:Cyrenaics 2126:Cyrenaica 1947:Theodorus 1942:Ptolemais 1926:Ptolemais 1855:Carneades 1805:Cyrenaics 1758:figurines 1695:Parthenon 1683:crepidoma 1676:octastyle 1595:Acropolis 1540:Caesareum 1404:Frederick 1385:Patriarch 1244:Pentecost 1142:gymnasium 1125:Gymnasium 1115:Arcadians 1098:inflation 983:over the 973:Naupactus 965:democracy 855:Pheretime 774:Battus II 753:Taucheira 709:Histories 704:Herodotus 700:Aristaeus 478:princess 452:latinized 407:. In the 393:Cyrenaics 385:Santorini 344:Cyrenaica 312:, was an 196:Abandoned 106:Cyrenaica 8670:Japanese 8655:Egyptian 8598:timeline 8586:timeline 8574:timeline 8569:geometry 8562:timeline 8557:calculus 8550:timeline 8538:timeline 8241:Elements 8087:Concepts 8049:Problems 8022:Spherics 8012:Spherics 7977:(Euclid) 7923:(Euclid) 7920:Elements 7913:(Euclid) 7874:Almagest 7782:Serenus 7757:Porphyry 7697:Menelaus 7652:Hippasus 7627:Eutocius 7602:Domninus 7497:Archytas 7405:Category 7383:Theatres 7310:Tripolis 7245:Kerasous 7240:Heraclea 7172:Tyritake 7127:Nikonion 7038:Thronion 6960:Salauris 6915:Emporion 6872:Berenice 6862:Balagrae 6814:Euonymos 6787:Tyndaris 6772:Syracuse 6767:Selinous 6737:Kamarina 6692:Casmenae 6677:Akrillai 6594:Neápolis 6529:Caulonia 6510:Mainland 6441:Linear B 6436:Linear A 6366:Dialects 6343:Language 6137:Religion 6095:Medicine 6029:Religion 5994:Folklore 5979:Emporium 5954:Clothing 5949:Calendar 5833:Xenophon 5828:Tyrtaeus 5813:Theognis 5788:Polybius 5783:Plutarch 5758:Menander 5738:Hipponax 5665:Socrates 5620:Epicurus 5466:Diadochi 5364:Sciritae 5324:Hetairoi 5299:Ballista 5264:Military 5227:Gerousia 5217:Ekklesia 5184:Ecclesia 5166:Athenian 5114:Politics 5027:–279 BC) 5014:–366 BC) 4995:–389 BC) 4931:Pergamon 4901:Bithynia 4894:Kingdoms 4835:Pergamon 4777:Military 4772:Politics 4569:Timeline 4078:(1987). 4009:40310596 3865:Archived 3855:Cyrenaea 3832:Archived 3790:, 1843). 3780:Archived 3754:Archived 3511:Archived 3468:Archived 3380:Archived 3195:(1740). 2588:84007922 2281:30103182 2173:Archived 2120:See also 1981:Filo I ( 1938:Synesius 1905:Eugammon 1817:Socrates 1809:Socratic 1707:in antis 1693:and the 1571:and the 1502:In 2017 1362:Synesius 1348:Another 1290:Commodus 1206:Lucullus 1194:Plutarch 1106:Berenice 1086:Seleucid 1064:Coin of 1041:Ophellas 997:treasury 981:Carthage 954:triremes 934:Athenian 900:Carthage 892:silphium 863:Aryandes 832:Mantinea 803:silphium 757:Benghazi 755:(modern 726:Battus I 405:Socrates 389:silphium 383:(modern 252:Criteria 247:Cultural 182:Battus I 98:Location 8650:Chinese 8605:numbers 8533:algebra 8461:Related 8435:Centers 8231:Results 8101:Central 7772:Ptolemy 7767:Proclus 7732:Perseus 7687:Marinus 7667:Hypatia 7657:Hippias 7632:Geminus 7622:Eudoxus 7612:Eudemus 7582:Diocles 7425:Outline 7378:Temples 7315:Zaliche 7295:Thèrmae 7285:Sesamus 7255:Odessos 7230:Cytorus 7225:Cotyora 6975:Illyria 6940:Mainake 6935:Kypsela 6824:Hycesia 6782:Thermae 6762:Segesta 6752:Messana 6707:Helorus 6687:Calacte 6667:Akragas 6629:Sybaris 6614:Rhegion 6569:Krimisa 6519:Alision 6428:Writing 6401:Locrian 6391:Epirote 6361:Homeric 6294:Artemis 6281:Temples 6222:Olympia 6192:Eleusis 6127:Theatre 6112:Pottery 6039:Warfare 6034:Slavery 5969:Economy 5964:Cuisine 5959:Coinage 5936:Society 5921:Culture 5916:Society 5864:Tyrants 5703:Alcaeus 5685:Authors 5635:Hypatia 5625:Gorgias 5562:Writers 5384:Toxotai 5354:Sarissa 5344:Peltast 5339:Phalanx 5319:Hoplite 5314:Hippeis 5237:Macedon 5209:Spartan 5194:Heliaia 5141:Proxeny 4850:Larissa 4845:Kerkyra 4840:Eretria 4830:Miletus 4825:Ephesus 4820:Corinth 4815:Chalcis 4736:Taurica 4606:Periods 4587:History 3788:Magonza 3762:Leipzig 3687:Reuters 2580:3095254 2560:Bibcode 2014:Gallery 1914:Lacydes 1882:Olympia 1878:Olympic 1703:pronaos 1691:Olympia 1634:Demeter 1567:to the 1520:Shahhat 1493:theater 1373:Central 1286:Hadrian 1048:in the 1033:Thibron 1009:medimni 828:Demonax 786:pharaoh 782:Adicran 654:Minoans 644:History 484:sun god 450:is the 328:Shahhat 265:session 204:Periods 188:Founded 180:led by 173:Builder 168:History 108:, Libya 102:Shahhat 8665:Indian 8442:Cyrene 7974:Optics 7893:Conics 7812:Theano 7802:Thales 7797:Sporus 7742:Philon 7727:Pappus 7617:Euclid 7547:Carpus 7537:Bryson 7415:Portal 7363:People 7351:Cities 7290:Sinope 7275:Rhizos 7265:Phasis 7215:Bathus 7210:Athina 7195:Amisos 7157:Tanais 7152:Pityus 7077:Charax 7028:Pharos 7023:Orikon 6920:Helike 6910:Alonis 6877:Cyrene 6809:Didyme 6722:Himera 6697:Catana 6659:Sicily 6649:Thurii 6644:Terina 6609:Pixous 6564:Hydrus 6539:Croton 6371:Aeolic 6289:Aphaea 6212:Dodona 6197:Delphi 6166:Temple 5842:Others 5793:Sappho 5778:Pindar 5753:Lucian 5748:Ibycus 5733:Hesiod 5670:Thales 5438:Rulers 5417:People 5394:Xyston 5389:Xiphos 5250:Koinon 5156:Tyrant 5146:Stasis 5136:Koinon 4936:Pontus 4911:Epirus 4880:Sparta 4870:Rhodes 4865:Megara 4860:Thebes 4805:Athens 4731:Pontus 4696:Epirus 4686:Cyprus 4671:Aeolis 4414:"Home" 4343: 4324: 4305: 4286: 4267: 4248: 4229: 4201: 4182: 4166: 4148: 4129: 4103: 4064: 4043: 4024: 4007: 3999: 3955: 3934: 3915: 3896: 3809: 3464:UNESCO 3222:Cyrène 3139: 2786: 2586: 2578: 2521: 2315: 2305: 2279: 2271: 2006:. The 1955:, poet 1751:votive 1746:temple 1699:Athens 1630:Apollo 1626:temple 1579:. The 1551:, the 1538:, the 1530:, the 1504:UNESCO 1484:Libyan 1469:UNESCO 1443:Allies 1412:Louvre 1013:litres 985:Syrtis 958:pilots 950:Sicily 926:Fourth 836:tribes 789:Apries 751:, and 741:Rhodes 718:Sparta 714:Cretan 696:Cyrene 692:Apollo 688:Pindar 666:Aegean 493:Cyra ( 491:spring 487:Apollo 480:Cyrene 467:Κυρήνη 461:Kȳrḗnē 447:Cyrene 417:Jewish 377:Cyrene 374:etymon 370:Apollo 317:colony 310:Kyrene 302:Cyrene 282:Region 191:631 BC 113:Region 93:Kyrene 41:Κυρήνη 33:Cyrene 8660:Incan 8581:logic 8357:Other 8125:Chord 8118:Axiom 8096:Angle 7752:Plato 7642:Heron 7562:Conon 7373:Stoae 7341:Lists 7260:Oinòe 7183:coast 7181:South 7167:Tyras 7137:Olbia 7107:Kepoi 7060:coast 7058:North 7051:basin 6993:Aulon 6955:Rhode 6867:Barca 6757:Naxos 6712:Henna 6672:Akrai 6639:Taras 6624:Siris 6584:Medma 6579:Locri 6544:Cumae 6534:Chone 6512:Italy 6418:Koine 6396:Ionic 6386:Doric 6381:Attic 6202:Delos 6100:Music 5743:Homer 5698:Aesop 5650:Plato 5552:Poets 5222:Ephor 5174:Agora 5151:Tagus 5126:Boule 4875:Samos 4800:Argos 4706:Ionia 4691:Doris 4676:Crete 4485:Libya 4005:JSTOR 2584:S2CID 2576:JSTOR 2277:JSTOR 2002:as a 1715:cella 1673:Doric 1600:Agora 1528:Agora 1524:Bayda 1458:] 1234:Jesus 1230:Simon 1164:book 1088:king 1082:Apama 1074:Magas 1066:Magas 1005:Siwah 908:Siwah 904:Ammon 851:Samos 819:Barca 807:kylix 761:Tocra 745:Agora 734:Derna 722:Thera 507:Janko 458:name 456:Greek 381:Thera 332:Libya 321:Roman 178:Thera 8622:list 7910:Data 7682:Leon 7532:Bion 7300:Tium 7067:Akra 7008:Issa 6702:Gela 6574:Laüs 6549:Elea 6207:Dion 6059:Arts 6049:Wine 5675:Zeno 5272:Wars 4341:ISBN 4322:ISBN 4303:ISBN 4284:ISBN 4265:ISBN 4246:ISBN 4227:ISBN 4199:ISBN 4180:ISBN 4164:ISBN 4146:ISBN 4127:ISBN 4101:ISBN 4062:ISBN 4041:ISBN 4022:ISBN 3997:ISSN 3953:ISBN 3932:ISBN 3913:ISBN 3894:ISBN 3807:ISBN 3803:2013 3137:ISBN 3051:Acts 3039:Mark 2784:ISBN 2519:ISBN 2313:OCLC 2303:ISBN 2269:ISSN 1978:302) 1667:The 1464:. 1406:and 1375:and 1371:The 1239:Acts 1219:fisc 956:and 928:and 842:. 759:and 656:and 637:-nee 596:-nee 555:-nay 551:koo- 511:Libu 502:Kýra 496:Κύρα 441:Name 395:, a 324:city 319:and 244:Type 160:Type 8524:by 8238:In 6004:Law 4483:in 4394:on 4385:at 3989:doi 3786:, ( 3760:, ( 3224:in 2568:doi 2261:doi 1983:fl. 1976:fl. 1697:at 1689:at 1628:of 1489:GHF 1221:. 1213:of 910:. 906:at 830:of 635:REE 633:sy- 594:REE 592:ky- 553:RAY 513:or 334:in 308:as 276:190 210:to 8722:: 5022:c. 5009:c. 4990:c. 4973:c. 4435:. 4416:. 4086:. 4082:. 4003:. 3995:. 3985:26 3983:. 3979:. 3863:. 3859:. 3830:. 3826:. 3747:, 3684:. 3643:. 3526:^ 3509:. 3503:. 3466:. 3462:. 3433:. 3415:. 3374:. 3332:. 3303:. 3279:. 3254:^ 3235:^ 3211:^ 3184:^ 3099:^ 3070:^ 3015:^ 3000:^ 2960:. 2923:^ 2884:^ 2865:^ 2849:. 2824:. 2798:^ 2770:^ 2741:. 2716:^ 2700:. 2674:^ 2620:^ 2582:. 2574:. 2566:. 2556:17 2554:. 2486:^ 2471:^ 2416:^ 2389:^ 2372:. 2325:^ 2311:. 2289:^ 2275:. 2267:. 2257:63 2255:. 2236:, 2217:, 2205:^ 2188:^ 2171:. 2167:. 1857:, 1510:. 1499:. 1456:it 1301:. 1236:. 944:, 886:, 706:' 682:A 640:. 618:iː 609:aɪ 577:iː 568:aɪ 542:eɪ 536:eɪ 499:, 346:. 7459:e 7452:t 7445:v 6883:) 6879:( 5020:( 5007:( 4988:( 4982:) 4971:( 4958:/ 4550:e 4543:t 4536:v 4473:e 4466:t 4459:v 4445:. 4426:. 4349:. 4330:. 4311:. 4292:. 4273:. 4254:. 4235:. 4207:. 4188:. 4170:. 4154:. 4135:. 4109:. 4088:2 4070:. 4049:. 4030:. 4011:. 3991:: 3961:. 3940:. 3921:. 3902:. 3874:. 3857:" 3841:. 3658:. 3617:. 3596:. 3520:. 3477:. 3448:. 3419:. 3389:. 3347:. 3318:. 3289:. 3206:. 3143:) 2994:. 2970:. 2859:. 2834:. 2792:. 2751:. 2710:. 2590:. 2570:: 2562:: 2527:. 2383:. 2357:. 2319:. 2283:. 2263:: 2241:. 2223:. 2182:. 1901:. 1851:. 1782:. 1268:. 627:/ 624:i 621:n 615:r 612:ˈ 606:s 603:/ 586:/ 583:i 580:n 574:r 571:ˈ 565:k 562:/ 545:/ 539:n 533:r 530:ˈ 527:u 524:k 521:/ 464:( 267:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index