777:
816:
804:
42:
273:
220:
98:
73:
378:
dominance of the right horn during the first breeding cycle. Newborn bats weigh about 13.5 g (0.48 oz) and have a wingspan of 24 cm (9.4 in). By the time of weaning at 4 weeks of age, young bats weigh 25 g (0.88 oz) and have wings spanning 36 cm (14 in). Female short-nosed fruit bats reach sexual maturity at 5–6 months of age, but males are not capable of breeding until they are a year old.
334:
377:
from occurring in the right ovary during the second breeding cycle. This creates the pattern of alternate functioning of the two horns of the uterus. However, the corpus luteum in the left ovary does not persist until the beginning of the next breeding cycle. As yet, no reason has been found for the
420:
Frugivory, nectarivory, and folivory are well understood; in addition, geophagy behaviour has also been reported in this species recently, and is suggested to represent an ‘adaptive behavioural plasticity’ in the foraging behaviour of the greater short-nosed fruit bat. According to
Mahandran et al.
303:
forests. They typically nest high in palm trees. The bats chew the fronds of the palms to construct fairly simple tents. These bats are also known to construct tents by closely interweaving the leaves and twigs of creeping vines which cover buildings, but such nests are constructed only when palms
329:
the vagina. While the females do this, the penis is not withdrawn and research has shown a positive relationship between length of the time that the penis is licked and the duration of copulation. Postcopulation genital grooming has also been observed. Males stay with females for some time after
337:
335:
263:
are edged in white. Lower cheek teeth rounded without accessory cusps. The wingspan of the adult is about 48 cm (19 in). Juveniles are lighter than adults. Average forearm length is 70.2 mm (2.76 in), with a range of 64–79 mm (2.5–3.1 in).
336:
717:
Mahandran, Valliyappan; Raghuram, Hanumanthan; Nathan, Parthasarathy
Thiruchenthil (2015-11-17). "Geophagy by the Indian short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Pteropodidae) while foraging on Madhuca latifolia (Sapotaceae) in Tamil Nadu, South India".
776:
358:
breeds twice per year. Females produce a single young at a time. Each half of the bicornate uterus functions during alternate breeding cycles. The first pregnancy cycle occurs from
October through February/March. Mating occurs immediately
815:
803:
312:
The greater short-nosed fruit bat is gregarious, and typically roosts in same-sex groups of eight to nine individuals. The sexes remain separate until the mating season, when group size increases. They are
385:, and locate their preferred food items by scent. They have been described as voracious feeders, eating more than their body weight in food in one sitting. Some preferred fruits include ripe
338:
651:
Banjeree, K; Ilkal, M.A.; P.K. Deshmikh (1984). "Susceptibility of
Cynopterus sphinx (frugivorus bat) and Suncus minimus (house shrew) to Japanese encephalitis virus".
259:
These bats have a relatively long snout. Their upper parts are brown to grey-brown with paler under parts. The fur is very fine and silky. The ears and wing bones of
365:, and a second offspring is born in July. Gestation period is about 3–5 months. In 72% of bats, the first pregnancy occurs in the right horn of the uterus. The
3042:
3800:
535:
Tan, Min; Gareth Jones; Guangjian Zhu; Jianping Ye; Tiyu Hong; Shanyi Zhou; Shuyi Zhang; Libiao Zhang (October 28, 2009). Hosken, David (ed.).
404:
Short-nosed fruit bats inflict serious damage on many fruit crops, and are considered pests. In addition, these bats are possible vectors for
3865:
3839:
3906:
594:
Advani, R (1982). "Feeding, foraging and roosting behavior of the fruit eating bats and damage to fruit crops in
Rajasthan and Gujarat".
408:, which is serious disease in humans. These bats are important dispersers of date palm seeds, and pollinate many night blooming flowers.
3774:
3406:
3813:
3517:
3382:
3373:
847:
3857:
3299:
325:
by males is dorsoventral and the females lick the shaft or the base of the male's penis, but not the glans which has already
3818:
41:
1711:
1702:
3231:
1756:
613:
Sandhu, S; A. Gopalakrishna. (1984). "Some observations on the breeding biology of
Cynopterus sphinx in central India".
3961:
3317:
3267:
1801:
1309:
945:
764:
Nowak, Ronald. 1991 Walker's
Mammals of the World, Fifth edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
493:
411:
They are also known to construct shelter tents by severing leaves and stems from certain creepers and mast trees like
350:
is very female biased. Researchers attribute this to the relatively rapid maturation of females compared to males. In
317:
and 6–10 males and 10–15 females usually share palm-frond tents during the breeding season. They are known to perform
3249:
1720:
17:
3508:
3308:
3213:
3204:
2737:
1729:
1327:
981:
3926:
3870:
2914:
2111:
1810:
1774:
1747:
1044:
999:
3946:
3240:
2905:
1792:
1783:
1095:
672:"Tent Construction by the Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Southern India"
3951:
2460:
2311:
2275:
2162:
1765:
1467:
972:
3941:
3563:
3222:
3195:
2284:
1401:
1273:
1026:
1017:
3956:
3921:
3852:
3735:
3713:
3609:
1871:
1738:
1368:
1086:
1008:
990:
954:
3931:
3740:
3258:
2809:
2541:
2406:
1934:
1359:
1062:
963:
840:
97:
272:
3936:
3526:
3074:
1993:
632:
Krishna, A; C.J. Dominic (1983). "Growth of young and sexual maturity of 3 species of Indian Bats".
2863:
2818:
2613:
2523:
2487:
2302:
2293:
2203:
1834:
1476:
1458:
1425:
1282:
1210:
1186:
462:
3971:
3600:
2710:
2442:
2370:
2251:
2227:
2153:
2043:
1952:
1943:
1901:
1589:
1556:
510:
3966:
3805:
3675:
3047:
2719:
2622:
2505:
2397:
1910:
1565:
1241:
1220:
1053:
3916:
3642:
2791:
2773:
2433:
2034:
1984:
1670:
1623:
1291:
1035:
833:
413:
405:
192:
3883:
3761:
3722:
3618:
3119:
3101:
2800:
2764:
2649:
2577:
2568:
2343:
2194:
683:
548:
322:
3831:
3727:
8:
3911:
3128:
2990:
2836:
2746:
2631:
2415:
2093:
314:
62:
825:
687:
552:
3065:
2972:
2827:
2755:
2686:
2559:
2469:
2379:
2352:
2025:
1449:
743:
695:
571:
536:
326:
92:
3878:
3748:
3476:
3467:
3341:
3056:
2845:
2701:
2676:
2658:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2550:
2451:
2424:
2120:
2102:
1648:
928:
735:
699:
576:
489:
219:
747:
439:
3753:
3443:
3083:
3029:
2881:
2872:
2854:
2782:
2728:
2692:
2640:
2514:
2478:
2361:
2129:
1300:
1153:
727:
691:
566:
556:
457:
3092:
2981:
2667:
2496:
2177:
1843:
1825:
1613:
1524:
1500:
1377:
1162:
561:
292:
3844:
3698:
3581:
2532:
2388:
893:
437:
731:
3900:
3826:
3633:
3458:
3434:
3356:
3156:
3114:
1392:
1201:
1077:
739:
703:
448:
421:
geophagy have the function of mineral supplementation and/or detoxification.
366:
351:
82:
77:
3591:
3424:
3397:
3332:
3168:
2896:
2071:
2008:
1925:
1884:
1177:
1123:
915:
580:
511:"Tent roosting by the frugivorous bat Cynopterus sphinx in southern India"
3787:
3707:
3491:
3178:
2942:
1539:
1491:
1342:
791:
508:
361:
209:
54:
3779:
2955:
2266:
2144:
1967:
1604:
1256:
899:
534:
169:
295:
and areas where fruit crops are cultivated. They can also be found in
3792:
3544:
3005:
2242:
1661:
1580:
1515:
1440:
1136:
394:
382:
374:
347:
296:
109:
3669:
671:
3692:
3554:
2326:
2218:
2084:
1685:
1416:
1232:
887:
881:
875:
869:
318:
300:
284:
129:
3282:
857:
787:
288:
248:
159:
50:
650:
3766:
3024:
398:
390:
139:
119:
438:
Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019).
251:
in the family
Pteropodidae found in South and Southeast Asia.
795:
386:
370:
431:
855:
509:
Balasingh, J; J. Suthakar-Isaac, S.; R. Subbaraj (1993).
342:
Female bats perform fellatio to increase copulation time.
149:
373:
persists for some time after the pregnancy and prevents
716:
612:
670:
Balasingh, J.; Koilraj, John; Kunz, Thomas H. (1995).
669:
631:
483:
537:"Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time"
321:, which enhances copulation time in the species.
3898:
283:The greater short-nosed fruit bat is found from
1646:
841:
463:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T6106A22113656.en
330:mating, but later return to same-sex groups.
1869:
3154:
634:Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology
488:. Harrison Zoological Museum. p. 258.
2069:
1121:
913:
848:
834:
218:
71:
40:
2940:
570:
560:
461:
307:
3518:East African little collared fruit bat (
332:
271:
3552:
3407:Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
14:
3899:
593:
530:
528:
3674:
3673:
3374:Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3232:Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
3153:
2939:
2068:
1868:
1645:
1120:
912:
829:
821:Feeding on kapok at night in Kolkata
809:Feeding on kapok at night in Kolkata
3383:Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3300:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat (
1802:New Britain naked-backed fruit bat (
1310:Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat (
946:Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat (
484:Bates, P.J.J; D.A. Harrison (1997).
227:Greater short-nosed fruit bat range
3907:IUCN Red List least concern species
3250:East African epauletted fruit bat (
1721:Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (
1712:Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat (
1703:Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (
525:
449:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
2738:Little golden-mantled flying fox (
1757:Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat (
1730:Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat (
1328:Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (
982:Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (
758:
696:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1995.tb00326.x
653:Indian Journal of Medical Research
25:
3983:
3318:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat (
3268:Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (
2915:Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat (
2112:Giant golden-crowned flying fox (
1811:Greenish naked-backed fruit bat (
1775:Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat (
1748:Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat (
1045:Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat (
3241:Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (
2906:Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (
1793:Western naked-backed fruit bat (
1784:Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (
1096:Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat (
814:
802:
775:
596:Saeugeteirkundliche Mitteilungen
96:
3214:Peters's epauletted fruit bat (
3205:Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (
2461:New Ireland masked flying fox (
2312:New Georgian monkey-faced Bat (
2276:Bougainville monkey-faced Bat (
2163:Small white-winged flying fox (
1766:Lesser naked-backed fruit bat (
1319:Greater short-nosed fruit bat (
973:Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat (
710:
486:Bats of the Indian Subcontinent
3223:Gambian epauletted fruit bat (
3196:Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
2285:Guadalcanal monkey-faced Bat (
1274:Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
1027:Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (
1018:Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat (
1000:Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat (
663:
644:
625:
606:
587:
502:
477:
254:
35:Greater short-nosed fruit bat
13:
1:
3509:São Tomé collared fruit bat (
1739:Biak naked-backed fruit bat (
1087:Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat (
1009:Island tube-nosed fruit bat (
991:Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (
955:Common tube-nosed fruit bat (
424:
279:bats perching in a palm tree.
235:greater short-nosed fruit bat
49:Hanging over foliage palm in
3499:(Little collared fruit bats)
3259:Minor epauletted fruit bat (
2810:Philippine gray flying fox (
2407:Bismarck masked flying fox (
1468:Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (
1063:Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat (
562:10.1371/journal.pone.0007595
245:short-nosed Indian fruit bat
7:
3527:Little collared fruit bat (
2185:(Straw-coloured fruit bats)
1994:New Caledonia blossom bat (
1402:Fischer's pygmy fruit bat (
10:
3988:
2864:New Caledonia flying fox (
2614:Black-bearded flying fox (
2303:Montane monkey-faced Bat (
2294:Greater monkey-faced Bat (
2204:Straw-coloured fruit bat (
1835:Sulawesi harpy fruit bat (
1477:White-collared fruit bat (
1459:Javan tailless fruit bat (
1369:Rickart's dyak fruit bat (
1211:Spotted-winged fruit bat (
1187:Mindanao pygmy fruit bat (
768:
267:
3962:Mammals described in 1797
3682:
3631:
3601:Short-palated fruit bat (
3589:
3580:
3543:
3489:
3456:
3432:
3423:
3395:
3354:
3330:
3280:
3176:
3167:
3163:
3149:
3003:
2953:
2949:
2935:
2894:
2711:Geelvink Bay flying fox (
2542:Livingstone's fruit bat (
2443:Large Samoan flying fox (
2371:Small Samoan flying fox (
2324:
2264:
2252:Small-toothed fruit bat (
2240:
2228:Fijian monkey-faced Bat (
2216:
2175:
2154:White-winged flying fox (
2142:
2082:
2078:
2064:
2044:Moss-forest blossom bat (
2006:
1965:
1944:Black-bellied fruit bat (
1935:Fardoulis's blossom bat (
1923:
1902:Long-tongued nectar bat (
1892:(Long-tongued fruit bats)
1882:
1878:
1864:
1823:
1683:
1659:
1655:
1641:
1602:
1578:
1557:Greater musky fruit bat (
1537:
1513:
1489:
1438:
1414:
1390:
1360:Brooks's dyak fruit bat (
1340:
1254:
1230:
1199:
1175:
1134:
1130:
1116:
1075:
964:Pallas's tube-nosed bat (
926:
922:
908:
864:
856:Extant species of family
732:10.1007/s10211-015-0227-7
226:
217:
198:
191:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
3564:D'Anchieta's fruit bat (
3075:Leschenault's rousette (
2720:Grey-headed flying fox (
2623:Black-eared flying fox (
2506:Ontong Java flying fox (
2398:Ashy-headed flying fox (
1975:(Long-tailed fruit bats)
1911:Long-tongued fruit bat (
1693:(Bare-backed fruit bats)
1566:Lesser musky fruit bat (
1242:Black-capped fruit bat (
1054:Eastern tube-nosed Bat (
3610:Campo-Ma’an fruit bat (
2819:Temminck's flying fox (
2792:Little red flying fox (
2774:Madagascan flying fox (
2524:Andersen's flying fox (
2488:Gilliard's flying fox (
2434:Spectacled flying fox (
2035:Halmahera blossom bat (
1985:Long-tailed fruit bat (
1426:Salim Ali's fruit bat (
1283:Horsfield's fruit bat (
1036:Lesser tube-nosed bat (
936:(tube-nosed fruit bats)
3927:Bats of Southeast Asia
3364:(Dwarf epauleted bats)
3186:(Epauleted fruit bats)
3120:Long-haired rousette (
3102:Bare-backed rousette (
2801:Seychelles fruit bat (
2765:Rodrigues flying fox (
2650:Mauritian flying fox (
2578:Big-eared flying fox (
2344:Admiralty flying fox (
2195:Madagascan fruit bat (
1953:Woodford's fruit bat (
1590:Blanford's fruit bat (
1264:(Dog-faced fruit bats)
1221:Balionycteris seimundi
343:
308:Behaviour and breeding
280:
3947:Mammals of Bangladesh
3129:Madagascan rousette (
3048:Geoffroy's rousette (
3013:(rousette fruit bats)
2991:Philippine dawn bat (
2837:Vanikoro flying fox (
2747:Solomons flying fox (
2632:Caroline flying fox (
2416:Moluccan flying fox (
2094:Sulawesi flying fox (
414:Polyalthia longifolia
406:Japanese encephalitis
341:
275:
3952:Mammals of Sri Lanka
3643:Zenker's fruit bat (
3309:Dobson's fruit bat (
2973:Greater nectar bat (
2828:Insular flying fox (
2756:Rennell flying fox (
2560:Okinawa flying fox (
2470:Nicobar flying fox (
2380:Vanuatu flying fox (
2353:Aldabra flying fox (
2026:Common blossom bat (
1671:Bulmer's fruit bat (
1450:Tailless fruit bat (
1292:Peters's fruit bat (
456:: e.T6106A22113656.
3942:Mammals of Pakistan
3619:Pohle's fruit bat (
3468:Azagnyi fruit bat (
3342:Hammer-headed Bat (
3131:R. madagascariensis
3066:Egyptian rousette (
3057:Sulawesi rousette (
2846:Kosrae flying fox (
2702:Masked flying fox (
2677:Ornate flying fox (
2659:Temotu flying fox (
2605:Indian flying fox (
2596:Mariana fruit bat (
2587:Lesser flying fox (
2569:Lyle's flying fox (
2551:Lombok flying fox (
2452:Ryukyu flying fox (
2425:Makira flying fox (
2165:D. microleucopterus
2121:Palawan fruit bat (
2103:Talaud flying fox (
688:1995Ethol.100..210B
553:2009PLoSO...4.7595T
304:are not available.
63:Conservation status
3957:Mammals of Myanmar
3922:Bats of South Asia
3444:Angolan rousette (
3084:Linduan Rousette (
3050:R. amplexicaudatus
3030:Manado fruit bat (
2882:Dwarf flying fox (
2873:Pemba flying fox (
2855:Large flying fox (
2783:Samoa flying fox (
2729:Bonin flying fox (
2693:Pelew flying fox (
2641:Great flying fox (
2515:Small flying fox (
2479:Banks flying fox (
2362:Black flying fox (
2130:Sunda flying fox (
1547:(Musky fruit bats)
1350:(Dayak fruit bats)
1301:Minute fruit bat (
1154:Borneo fruit bat (
1144:(Pygmy fruit bats)
782:Feeding on kapok (
344:
291:. It is common in
281:
247:, is a species of
3932:Bats of Indonesia
3894:
3893:
3879:Open Tree of Life
3728:Cynopterus_sphinx
3714:Cynopterus sphinx
3684:Cynopterus sphinx
3676:Taxon identifiers
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3612:C. campomaanensis
3576:
3575:
3539:
3538:
3502:
3419:
3418:
3367:
3293:
3189:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3093:Comoro rousette (
3016:
2982:Cave nectar bat (
2966:
2963:(Dawn fruit bats)
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2668:Ceram fruit bat (
2497:Gray flying fox (
2436:P. conspicillatus
2337:
2188:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2019:
1978:
1895:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1844:Harpy fruit bat (
1696:
1649:Harpyionycterinae
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1614:Swift fruit bat (
1550:
1525:Dusky fruit bat (
1503:O. cartilagonodus
1501:Luzon fruit bat (
1378:Dayak fruit bat (
1353:
1330:C. titthaecheilus
1267:
1244:C. melanocephalus
1163:Pygmy fruit bat (
1147:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
939:
442:Cynopterus sphinx
339:
240:Cynopterus sphinx
231:
230:
202:Cynopterus sphinx
86:
18:Cynopterus sphinx
16:(Redirected from
3979:
3937:Bats of Malaysia
3887:
3886:
3874:
3873:
3861:
3860:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3671:
3670:
3587:
3586:
3550:
3549:
3511:M. brachycephala
3501:
3500:
3496:
3477:Woermann's bat (
3430:
3429:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3292:
3291:
3290:(Epauleted bats)
3287:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3151:
3150:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2803:P. seychellensis
2722:P. poliocephalus
2643:P. neohibernicus
2533:Kei flying fox (
2418:P. chrysoproctus
2389:Aru flying fox (
2346:P. admiralitatum
2336:
2335:
2331:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2080:
2079:
2066:
2065:
2018:
2017:
2013:
1996:N. neocaledonica
1977:
1976:
1972:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1657:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1117:
938:
937:
933:
924:
923:
910:
909:
850:
843:
836:
827:
826:
818:
806:
779:
752:
751:
714:
708:
707:
667:
661:
660:
648:
642:
641:
629:
623:
622:
621:(22): 1189–1192.
610:
604:
603:
591:
585:
584:
574:
564:
532:
523:
522:
506:
500:
499:
481:
475:
474:
472:
470:
465:
435:
340:
293:tropical forests
222:
204:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3678:
3668:
3651:
3627:
3572:
3535:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3485:
3452:
3415:
3391:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3326:
3302:E. buettikoferi
3289:
3288:
3286:
3276:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3159:
3137:
3077:R. leschenaulti
3012:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2945:
2923:
2890:
2839:P. tuberculatus
2661:P. nitendiensis
2544:P. livingstonii
2490:P. gilliardorum
2333:
2332:
2330:
2320:
2260:
2236:
2212:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2171:
2138:
2074:
2052:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2002:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1961:
1919:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1874:
1852:
1826:Harpyionycteris
1819:
1786:D. pannietensis
1692:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1651:
1629:
1598:
1574:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1509:
1485:
1434:
1410:
1386:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1336:
1312:C. nusatenggara
1263:
1262:
1260:
1250:
1226:
1195:
1189:A. paucidentata
1171:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1126:
1104:
1071:
935:
934:
932:
918:
904:
860:
854:
822:
819:
810:
807:
798:
786:) at night in
784:Ceiba pentandra
780:
771:
761:
759:Further reading
756:
755:
720:Acta Ethologica
715:
711:
668:
664:
649:
645:
640:(1–2): 162–168.
630:
626:
615:Current Science
611:
607:
592:
588:
533:
526:
515:Current Science
507:
503:
496:
482:
478:
468:
466:
436:
432:
427:
381:These bats are
333:
310:
270:
257:
213:
206:
200:
187:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3972:Bats of Borneo
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3875:
3862:
3849:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3797:
3784:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3704:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3584:
3582:Scotonycterini
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3380:
3376:M. intermedius
3370:
3368:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3068:R. aegyptiacus
3063:
3054:
3037:
3036:
3019:
3017:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2947:
2946:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2908:S. mindorensis
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2767:P. rodricensis
2762:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2616:P. melanopogon
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2562:P. loochoensis
2557:
2553:P. lombocensis
2548:
2539:
2530:
2526:P. intermedius
2521:
2517:P. hypomelanus
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2409:P. capistratus
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2355:P. aldabrensis
2350:
2340:
2338:
2334:(flying foxes)
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2156:D. leucopterus
2150:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2016:(blossom bats)
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1876:
1875:
1872:Macroglossinae
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1777:D. moluccensis
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1653:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1294:C. luzoniensis
1289:
1285:C. horsfieldii
1280:
1270:
1268:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1128:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1020:N. malaitensis
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
942:
940:
920:
919:
906:
905:
903:
902:
896:
894:Laurasiatheria
890:
884:
878:
872:
865:
862:
861:
853:
852:
845:
838:
830:
824:
823:
820:
813:
811:
808:
801:
799:
781:
774:
770:
767:
766:
765:
760:
757:
754:
753:
709:
682:(3): 210–229.
662:
643:
624:
605:
586:
524:
501:
495:978-0951731314
494:
476:
429:
428:
426:
423:
309:
306:
269:
266:
256:
253:
229:
228:
224:
223:
215:
214:
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
184:C. sphinx
181:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
27:Species of bat
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3984:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Bats of India
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3634:Scotonycteris
3630:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:Megaloglossus
3455:
3449:
3447:
3446:L. angolensis
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3435:Lissonycteris
3431:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3409:N. veldkampii
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3359:
3358:
3357:Micropteropus
3353:
3347:
3345:
3344:H. monstrosus
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3198:E. angolensis
3194:
3193:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:Epomophorinae
3152:
3148:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3115:Stenonycteris
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:R. spinalatus
3100:
3098:
3096:
3095:R. obliviosus
3091:
3089:
3087:
3086:R. linduensis
3082:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3059:R. celebensis
3055:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2875:P. voeltzkowi
2871:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2821:P. temminckii
2817:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2794:P. scapulatus
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2704:P. personatus
2700:
2698:
2696:
2695:P. pelewensis
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2634:P. molossinus
2630:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2454:P. dasymallus
2450:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2096:A. celebensis
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1987:N. macdonaldi
1983:
1982:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1937:M. fardoulisi
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1849:
1847:
1846:H. whiteheadi
1842:
1840:
1838:
1837:H. celebensis
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:D. praedatrix
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1626:
1625:
1624:T. suhaniahae
1621:
1619:
1617:
1616:T. nigrescens
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1393:Haplonycteris
1389:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1339:
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1308:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1276:C. brachyotis
1272:
1271:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:Balionycteris
1198:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:Paranyctimene
1074:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1003:
998:
996:
994:
993:N. draconilla
989:
987:
985:
980:
978:
976:
971:
969:
967:
966:N. cephalotes
962:
960:
958:
957:N. albiventer
953:
951:
949:
944:
943:
941:
931:
930:
925:
921:
917:
911:
907:
901:
897:
895:
891:
889:
885:
883:
879:
877:
873:
871:
867:
866:
863:
859:
851:
846:
844:
839:
837:
832:
831:
828:
817:
812:
805:
800:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
773:
772:
763:
762:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
713:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
658:
654:
647:
639:
635:
628:
620:
616:
609:
601:
597:
590:
582:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
554:
550:
547:(10): e7595.
546:
542:
538:
531:
529:
520:
516:
512:
505:
497:
491:
487:
480:
464:
459:
455:
451:
450:
445:
443:
434:
430:
422:
418:
416:
415:
409:
407:
402:
400:
397:, dates, and
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
376:
372:
369:in the right
368:
367:corpus luteum
364:
363:
357:
353:
352:Central India
349:
331:
328:
324:
320:
316:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
274:
265:
262:
252:
250:
246:
242:
241:
236:
225:
221:
216:
211:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3917:Bats of Asia
3683:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3592:Casinycteris
3590:
3566:P. anchietae
3565:
3553:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3490:
3479:M. woermanni
3478:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3425:Myonycterini
3408:
3398:Nanonycteris
3396:
3384:
3375:
3355:
3343:
3333:Hypsignathus
3331:
3320:E. franqueti
3319:
3310:
3301:
3281:
3270:E. wahlbergi
3269:
3260:
3251:
3242:
3233:
3225:E. gambianus
3224:
3216:E. crypturus
3215:
3206:
3197:
3177:
3169:Epomophorini
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3004:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2954:
2916:
2907:
2897:Styloctenium
2895:
2884:P. woodfordi
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2812:P. speciosus
2811:
2802:
2793:
2785:P. samoensis
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2731:P. pselaphon
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2687:P. pelagicus
2685:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2625:P. melanotus
2624:
2615:
2606:
2598:P. mariannus
2597:
2589:P. mahaganus
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2382:P. anetianus
2381:
2373:P. allenorum
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2325:
2313:
2304:
2296:P. flanneryi
2295:
2286:
2277:
2265:
2253:
2241:
2230:M. acrodonta
2229:
2217:
2205:
2197:E. dupreanum
2196:
2176:
2164:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2083:
2072:Pteropodinae
2045:
2037:S. carolinae
2036:
2028:S. australis
2027:
2009:Syconycteris
2007:
1995:
1986:
1966:
1955:M. woodfordi
1954:
1945:
1936:
1926:Melonycteris
1924:
1912:
1903:
1885:Macroglossus
1883:
1845:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1732:D. crenulata
1731:
1722:
1714:D. beauforti
1713:
1705:D. anderseni
1704:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1622:
1615:
1603:
1592:S. blanfordi
1591:
1579:
1567:
1558:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1452:M. ecaudatus
1451:
1439:
1428:L. salimalii
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1380:D. spadiceus
1379:
1370:
1361:
1341:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1178:Alionycteris
1176:
1164:
1155:
1135:
1124:Cynopterinae
1097:
1088:
1076:
1065:N. vizcaccia
1064:
1056:N. robinsoni
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
927:
916:Nyctimeninae
892:Superorder:
886:Infraclass:
858:Pteropodidae
783:
723:
719:
712:
679:
675:
665:
656:
652:
646:
637:
633:
627:
618:
614:
608:
599:
595:
589:
544:
540:
518:
514:
504:
485:
479:
467:. Retrieved
453:
447:
441:
433:
419:
412:
410:
403:
380:
360:
355:
345:
311:
282:
276:
260:
258:
244:
239:
238:
234:
232:
201:
199:
183:
182:
170:
160:Pteropodidae
29:
3788:iNaturalist
3708:Wikispecies
3621:C. ophiodon
3603:C. argynnis
3529:M. torquata
3492:Myonycteris
3385:M. pusillus
3243:E. labiatus
3179:Epomophorus
2943:Rousettinae
2917:S. wallacei
2857:P. vampyrus
2830:P. tonganus
2758:P. rennelli
2670:P. ocularis
2580:P. macrotis
2535:P. keyensis
2508:P. howensis
2481:P. fundatus
2472:P. faunulus
2427:P. cognatus
2400:P. caniceps
2391:P. aruensis
2145:Desmalopex
2132:A. mackloti
2123:A. leucotis
1946:M. melanops
1913:M. sobrinus
1723:D. chapmani
1673:A. bulmerae
1540:Ptenochirus
1492:Otopteropus
1479:M. wetmorei
1470:M. niphanae
1461:M. kusnotoi
1404:H. fischeri
1371:D. rickarti
1343:Dyacopterus
1213:B. maculata
1156:A. aequalis
984:N. cyclotis
792:West Bengal
602:(1): 46–48.
469:16 November
383:frugivorous
362:post partum
255:Description
55:Maharashtra
3912:Cynopterus
3901:Categories
3645:S. zenkeri
3520:M. relicta
3470:M. azagnyi
3311:E. dobsoni
3252:E. minimus
3234:E. grandis
3207:E. anselli
3155:Subfamily
3122:R. lanosus
2993:E. robusta
2984:E. spelaea
2956:Eonycteris
2941:Subfamily
2866:P. vetulus
2848:P. ualanus
2749:P. rayneri
2740:P. pumilus
2679:P. ornatus
2499:P. griseus
2463:P. ennisae
2305:P. pulchra
2267:Pteralopex
2114:A. jubatus
2105:A. humilis
2070:Subfamily
1968:Notopteris
1904:M. minimus
1870:Subfamily
1813:D. viridis
1795:D. peronii
1759:D. inermis
1750:D. exoleta
1647:Subfamily
1605:Thoopterus
1362:D. brooksi
1303:C. minutus
1257:Cynopterus
1122:Subfamily
1038:N. minutus
1029:N. masalai
975:N. certans
914:Subfamily
900:Chiroptera
659:(1): 8–12.
425:References
346:The adult
327:penetrated
323:Copulation
315:polygynous
297:grasslands
171:Cynopterus
150:Chiroptera
3545:Plerotini
3113:Subgenus
3043:Rousettus
3041:Subgenus
3032:R. bidens
3023:Subgenus
3006:Rousettus
2713:P. pohlei
2607:P. medius
2364:P. alecto
2287:P. atrata
2278:P. anceps
2254:N. frosti
2243:Neopteryx
2206:E. helvum
2046:S. hobbit
1741:D. emersa
1662:Aproteles
1581:Sphaerias
1559:P. jagori
1527:P. lucasi
1516:Penthetor
1441:Megaerops
1321:C. sphinx
1165:A. alecto
1137:Aethalops
1089:P. raptor
1047:N. rabori
1002:N. keasti
929:Nyctimene
868:Kingdom:
740:0873-9749
726:: 95–99.
704:1439-0310
521:(5): 418.
375:ovulation
356:C. sphinx
348:sex ratio
277:C. sphinx
261:C. sphinx
178:Species:
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
3858:13800060
3806:11022926
3699:Q1340212
3693:Wikidata
3555:Plerotes
3261:E. minor
2975:E. major
2776:P. rufus
2652:P. niger
2571:P. lylei
2327:Pteropus
2219:Mirimiri
2085:Acerodon
1768:D. minor
1686:Dobsonia
1568:P. minor
1417:Latidens
1233:Chironax
1098:P. tenax
1011:N. major
948:N. aello
888:Eutheria
882:Mammalia
876:Chordata
874:Phylum:
870:Animalia
748:16892095
676:Ethology
581:19862320
541:PLOS ONE
319:fellatio
301:mangrove
285:Pakistan
156:Family:
140:Mammalia
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
3845:1004379
3780:2432836
3283:Epomops
2445:P. coxi
2314:P. taki
2178:Eidolon
898:Order:
880:Class:
788:Kolkata
769:Gallery
684:Bibcode
572:2762080
549:Bibcode
399:lychees
289:Vietnam
268:Habitat
249:megabat
212:, 1797)
166:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
51:Mangaon
3884:813031
3819:631555
3767:327321
3025:Boneia
746:
738:
702:
579:
569:
492:
395:chikoo
391:banana
243:), or
3801:IRMNG
3793:40792
3754:6BVYB
796:India
744:S2CID
387:guava
371:ovary
3871:9400
3866:NCBI
3832:6106
3827:IUCN
3814:ITIS
3775:GBIF
3741:9076
3736:BOLD
736:ISSN
700:ISSN
577:PMID
490:ISBN
471:2021
454:2019
299:and
233:The
210:Vahl
3853:MSW
3840:MDD
3762:EoL
3749:CoL
3723:ADW
728:doi
692:doi
680:100
567:PMC
557:doi
458:doi
287:to
3903::
3881::
3868::
3855::
3842::
3829::
3816::
3803::
3790::
3777::
3764::
3751::
3738::
3725::
3710::
3695::
3118::
3046::
3028::
794:,
790:,
742:.
734:.
724:19
722:.
698:.
690:.
678:.
674:.
657:79
655:.
638:30
636:.
619:53
617:.
600:30
598:.
575:.
565:.
555:.
543:.
539:.
527:^
519:65
517:.
513:.
452:.
446:.
417:.
401:.
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389:,
354:,
53:,
3647:)
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3568:)
3531:)
3522:)
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3481:)
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3313:)
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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