378:
311:
866:
842:
562:
415:
830:
779:
540:
369:. It is likely that the foundation stories were known before the ninth century, but that annalists manipulated them to provide a common origin for ninth-century Wessex. These myths purport that the British were defeated and replaced by invading Anglo-Saxons arriving in small ships. These origin stories were largely believed right up to the nineteenth century.
612:. The archaeological evidence demonstrates that the Mixon would have been the shoreline during the Roman occupation, with it not being breached by the sea until the 10th or 11th century. As late as the 17th century, it was reported that the remains of the "ancient little city" could be seen at low tide.
759:
But those memories were getting worse and worse, for it was nearly two hundred years since the ships of Ælle had sailed into
Shoreham, which showed him to be a man of immense determination, for it is a most difficult harbour, and there were then no piers and lights – it was nearly two hundred years,
255:
meant "border, brim, edge, margin, end, boundary", and was used amongst other things to denote coastline. In Old
English, this word had two quite different senses: "shore, foreshore" and (possibly deriving from the former meaning) "a hill shaped like an upturned canoe, featuring a long tract of flat
401:
in the boundary clause of an Anglo-Saxon charter. There is no archaeological or historical evidence for the settlement, of Anglo-Saxons, in the Selsey/Chichester area before the sixth century. Archaeological evidence does support the settlement of Saxons in East Sussex during the fifth century and
1084:
Six Anglo-Saxon cemeteries provide the bulk of the archaeological evidence for the early period; these are
Highdown, near Worthing, and the group between the rivers Ouse and Cuckmere: Alfriston, Selmeston, South Malling Beddingham and Bishopstone. They all seem to have been of moderate size: those
800:
J. E. A. Jolliffe compared agricultural and farming practices across fifth-century Sussex to that of fifth-century Kent. He suggested that the
Kentish system underlay the fifth-century farming practices of Sussex. He hypothesised that Sussex was probably settled by Jutes before the arrival of the
792:
Towards the end of the Roman occupation of
England, raids on the east coast became more intense and the expedient adopted by Romano-British leaders was to enlist the help of mercenaries to whom they ceded territory. It is thought that mercenaries may have started arriving in Sussex as early as the
662:
Cissa: who beeing of the Saxons line the second king of this pety kingdom, after his father Aella, accompanied with his brother Cimen and no small power of the Saxons, at this shore arrived and landed at
Cimonshore, a place so called of the said Cimen, which now hath lost the name; but that it was
552:
Some historians such as Hunter-Blair identify the Outer Owers and Middle Owers as the landing place for Ælle. This is problematic, however, as according to SCOPAC the coastal erosion pattern means that this section of the Owers would not have been part of the shoreline for at least 5000 years. The
642:
Pagham
Harbour currently is a nature reserve, however in earlier times was a working harbour with three ports, one at the western end at Sidlesham Mill known as Wardur, one at the entrance to the harbour known as Charlton and one on the Pagham side known as the Port of Wythering (Wyderinges). The
1011:
The
Southern Coastal Group (SCG) and Standing Conference on Problems Associated with the Coastline (SCOPAC) is the Regional Coastal Group for central southern England. Originally formed as separate groups SCOPAC (est. 1986) and SCG (est. 2008) the two organisations merged in 2020. The membership
902:
rivers in East Sussex. This area was believed to have been for the treaty settlement of Anglo-Saxon mercenaries, and although some historians have suggested that
Joliffe's findings 'strained the evidence' somewhat, analysis of grave goods have also provided evidence of Jutish settlement between
2793:- Parish Church at the East end of Pagham Harbour near to Wythering. St Wilfrid gave Pagham to the Archbishops of Canterbury when he left Selsey, and they are still the patrons of this church. A Saxon burial urn was found near to the church in the 1950s and now is on display in the south aisle.
356:
From the collapse of Roman administration in
Britain until the embedding of Christianity among the English during the seventh century, there is a dearth of surviving written material. This lack of primary sources has made it difficult for historians to verify or disprove the
523:
Rumbruge/Rumbridge (alias "thri beorg" – three barrows, now the Medmerry Bank) is believed to have been an islet and trading port off the southwest coast of the Manhood Peninsula, that has long since succumbed to the sea and Wytherings mouth was part of what is now
782:
Later engraving of a picture commissioned in 1519 showing Cædwalla confirming a grant of land, at Selsey, to Wilfrid. The position of the presentation is probably where the Mixon is today, based on the location of the church (at Church Norton) in the top left of
816:
from Sidlesham to Chichester and from Chichester to Winchester would have provided access to the Jutish settlements in Hampshire. It is therefore more likely that the Germanic people arriving in the fifth century would have been directed to the north of the
1085:
which have been fairly fully excavated are Highdown, with over 170 graves; Alfriston, 150-160; and Bishopstone, 118. Inhumation was the predominant rite in each case, but a proportion of cremations was present at Highdown (about. 28) and Bishopstone (6).
691:
However, other historians have posited that siting Cymenshore off West Wittering as mistaken and was probably due to a mistranslation of the charter. The charter itself, in the original early English describes part of the boundary of the land as
588:
coins that have been discovered along the Selsey shoreline over the years. The quantity of coins and the discovery of waste gold found have suggested that there was a tribal mint at Selsey, the only other mint for this tribe was at
643:
port of Wardur was part of 'New Haven' a development in the Middle Ages. The Port of Wythering was overrun by the sea in the 13th century and the whole harbour eventually silted up and ceased to be navigable, except for small craft.
663:
neere unto Wittering, the charter of the donation which King Cedwalla made unto the Church of Selsey most evidently prooveth. Another fort likewise two miles from Cisiburie is to be seene, which they used to call Chenkburie.
725:
is more likely to be in the Ouse-Cuckmere area of East Sussex, his reasoning is that there is no archaeological evidence to support a landing at Selsey. However Richardson states that the place names with the Old English
2799:- Useful site for calculating distances based on the latitude/ longitude bearings. It will also provide a map of the locations. You can use this to calculate the distances between Selsey Bill and the various Owers rocks.
1070:
There is evidence that the Roman roads were still in use during the early Anglo-Saxon period. The Sidlesham to Chichester road would have been the RR156 (using Margary numbers) and the Chichester-Wickham route, for the
983:
The Port of Wythering was a settlement at the mouth of what is now Pagham Harbour. It was overrun by the sea in the 13th century and Pagham Harbour eventually silted up and ceased to be navigable, except for small
936:
Her cuom Ęlle on Bretenlond 7 his .iii. suna, Cymen 7 Wlencing 7 Cissa, mid .iii. scipum on þa stowe þe is nemned Cymenesora, 7 þær ofslogon monige Wealas 7 sume on fleame bedrifon on þone wudu þe is genemned
734:
are very common along the Hampshire and West Sussex coastline but not around the Ouse-Cuckmere area. There is also a suggestion that the archaeology off the Selsey coast has just not been fully realised yet.
1048:"There is a rich, only partially explored, offshore archaeological legacy of submerged Romano-British, Saxon and early medieval landscape features, partially recorded in documentary and archival records."
1038:
ammunition have been found at the site."Barrier breaching and shoreline recession associated with rising sea-level and storm events caused The Mixon to become an offshore bank, or shoal, probably at about
2553:
Stoodley, Nick (2020). "Costume Groups in Hampshire and Their Bearing on the Question of Jutish Settlement in the Later 5th and 6th Centuries AD". In Langlands, Alexander James; Lavelle, Ryan (eds.).
426:
area, is traditionally the most popular candidate for Cymenshore. The tradition is based largely on two charters that refer to a place with a similar name in the boundary clause to that cited in the
553:
Outer Owers are approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) off Selsey Bill and the erosion pattern suggests that the shore would have been 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi) seaward 5000 years ago.
117:, what is generally believed to be the same name is next attested in a thirteenth-century manuscript: this includes a copy of a charter adapted from a charter issued in 957, which gives the form
890:
The archaeological evidence suggests that the main area of Anglo-Saxon settlement during the fifth century can be identified by the distribution of cemeteries of that period. Apart from
495:Þis sinde þat land gemeare to Selesie. Arest æt Wedering muðe, þa be sæ on Cymeneres horan, swa west be sæ oð Ðribeorgas, forð be stronde to cwuenstane 7 forð be strande on Horemuðen..
1034:"A Roman wall, a quarry, a standing stone and a presumed Roman lighthouse have all been reported by divers in the vicinity of the Mixon rock."Ruins of an old Roman fort and also
808:
claims that Ælle and his forces landed at Cymenshore and then travelled east and arrived at Beachy Head in 485, where they apparently broke through an agreed river border, the
684:
510:
These are the land-boundaries of Selsey, firstly at Withering, thence by sea to the Owers, west by sea to Rumbridge; on by beach to queen's stone and on by beach to Hormouth..
797:
has suggested that the Germanic invaders would previously have traded in the area and probably would have been familiar with the term and eventually use it by preference.
361:'s account of Ælle's invasion. The preservation of Ælle's sons in Old English place names is unusual. The names of some founding figures in other origin legends in the
461:
from the entrance of the harbour which is called in English Wyderinges round where the sea falls back at Cumenshore then towards the western shore at Rumbruge ...
1021:
In this Isle there are some obscure remains of that ancient little city, in which those Bishops resided, cover'd at high water, but plainly visible at low water -
443:
Ab introitu portus qui appellatur Anglice Wyderinges, post retractum mare in Cumeneshore, sic uersus occidentalem plagam iuxta mare usque Rumbruge, ...
620:
The Manor of Keynor is situated at the western end of Pagham Harbour. Selsey-based historians Edward Heron-Allen and Francis Mee favour the Keynor area of
821:, and into Southampton Water. From there into the mouth of the Meon valley and would have been allowed to settle near the existing Romano-British people.
993:
The starting place was 'three barrows' (thri, beorg), which gave rise to the lost placename Rumbridge, thought to be between Medmerry and Wittering."
584:. The centre was superseded by the Romano-British Belgic tribal civitas at Chichester. Evidence for Selsey’s past importance is provided by the many
704:
was the port of Withering a village, now lost, at the entrance to what is now Pagham Harbour. It is possible that earlier historians had translated
1002:
The modern distances were based on the location of Selsey Bill being 50° 43′ 21.62″ N, 0° 47′ 16.77″ W, Outer Owers Light Beacon 50º38.59N 0º41.09W
2028:
2231:
Hawkins, Jillian (2020). "Words and Swords: People and Power along the Solent in the 5th Century". In Langlands, Alex; Lavelle, Ryan (eds.).
2007:
536:
Just off the tip of Selsey Bill, to approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) SSE, are groups of ledges and rocks known as the Owers.
121:
and also a copy of a forged charter purporting to date from 673 but perhaps originally composed in the tenth century, which gives the form
2133:
Garland, Nicky (2018). Daniela Hofmann (ed.). "A new understanding of the Late Iron Age territorial oppidum at Chichester, West Sussex".
2767:
256:
land along the top, with a rounded shoulder at one or both ends". It is possible that the stretch of low ground along the coast from
310:
903:
southern Hampshire and Chichester, in the early to mid-fifth century. These connections had ceased by the end of that century.
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2333:
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1953:
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West Wittering has been cited by some early cartographers and historians as the site for Cymenshore. For example in his
2710:
2691:
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2623:
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2371:
2352:
2282:
2221:
2174:
2153:
2098:
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1984:
21:
2831:
327:, a body of material compiled and composed in the ninth century, some 400 years or more after the supposed events.
2821:
2184:
Hampshire & Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology (2006). "Archaeology & Coastal Change: Project Report".
349:, one of Ælle's sons; some historians, however, have concluded that this figure was invented by scholars in the
2302:
402:
Jutish settlement, also datable to the fifth century, West of Chichester, in neighbouring Hampshire around the
268:"the shore", and that district names including that word were used by the various coastal settlements, such as
2523:. A Victorian History of the County of Sussex. Vol. 4. London: British history Online. pp. 205–210
2504:. A Victorian History of the County of Sussex. Vol. 3. London: British history Online. pp. 100–102
2485:. A Victorian History of the County of Sussex. Vol. 4. London: British history Online. pp. 210–215
2233:
The Land of the English Kin. Studies in Wessex and Anglo-Saxon England in Honour of Professor Barbara Yorke
479:
377:
1058:
2557:. Brill’s Series on the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 26. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.
2235:. Brill's Series on the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 26. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.
2836:
321:
The account of Ælle and his three sons landing at Cymenshore in 477 appears in the common stock of the
103:
The earliest surviving manuscript to contain the name is the late ninth-century Manuscript A of the
2802:
1636:
813:
894:, near Worthing and Apple Down, 11 kilometres northwest of Chichester, they are between the lower
2011:
156:
is thought to be an Old English personal name that in proto-Old English would have had the form *
438:
is actually a 10th-century forgery The relevant section of the forged charter, says (in Latin):
202:) but because a scribe inferred the form of the person's name from the more archaic place-name.
194:
not because that was a form of the name current in the ninth century (the form then current was
2720:
Yorke, Barbara (2008). "Anglo-Saxon Origin Legends". In Barrow, Julia; Wareham, Andrew (eds.).
353:
tradition from the place-name and that the actions attributed to him have no historical basis.
2518:
2480:
2461:
2499:
931:
482:), which is believed to be genuine and is to do with some land that had been seized from the
323:
105:
58:
2787:- Note Keynor Lane on map and Earnley (suggested area for Rumbruge) immediately to the west.
859:
place-name elements against select archaeological sites dated to the Roman and Saxon periods
2703:
Belief and Culture in the Middle Ages: The Strange Affair of the Selsey Bishopric, 953–963
2466:. A History of the County of Sussex. Vol. 4. British history Online. pp. 227–233
334:, by Ælle, is likely to have originated in an oral tradition before being recorded in the
8:
366:
2270:
2250:
2212:
Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick (1982). "Anglo-Saxon Kent c 425-725". In Leach, Peter E. (ed.).
895:
2419:
East Beach Pond, Selsey, West Sussex An Archaeological Watching Brief for J.A. Pye Ltd
687:
Section of 1695 map of Sussex showing location of Cymenshore (spelt Cimenshore on map)
2796:
2725:
2706:
2687:
2664:
2647:
2619:
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1949:
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912:
331:
167:
2635:
Sealevel and Shoreline between Portsmouth and Pagham for the past 2500 years. Part 2
2183:
1642:
959:
suggests in his essay "The Strange Affair of the Selsey Bishopric 953-963" that the
871:
The Anglo-Saxon and Jutish settlements of south east England in the late 6th century
63:
2748:
1930:
53:
2739:
Zachrisson, R.E. (1935). "Full-names and Short-names in Old English Place-names".
2680:
2573:
2784:
2594:
1563:
1561:
956:
75:
2216:. Vol. Research Report Number 48. London: Council for British Archaeology.
2214:
Archaeology in Kent to AD 1500: in memory of Stuart Eborall CBA Research Reports
205:
Like several other Old English words that are found in place-names (prominently
1994:
1972:
899:
794:
744:
655:
525:
78:, after the first of whom Cymenshore was held to have been named. The spelling
71:
2752:
1558:
2815:
2537:
2452:
2390:
2117:
2072:
The Shell Channel Pilot, The South Coast of England and North Coast of France
971:. The forged charter was produced to support Selsey's claim to retrieve them.
891:
175:
36:
23:
2777:
2262:
760:
and there was only the least little glimmering twilight left of the old day.
2125:
483:
285:
261:
2651:
2790:
2770:
This author (not peer reviewed) suggests that Cymenshore was named after
1711:
865:
743:
Shoreham has also been cited as a possible location, for example in 1906
488:
from Wytherings Mouth and Cymenshoran in the east to Hormouth in the west
392:
138:
83:
812:. The north Solent coast had been a trading area since Roman times. The
801:
Saxons, with Jutish territory stretching from Kent to the New Forest.
590:
281:
968:
621:
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territory, W.A.R. Richardson speculates that it could be the site of
585:
570:
435:
248:
2306:
1935:
1918:
1142:
1140:
1127:
1125:
2678:
Welch, M.G. (1978). "Early South Saxons". In Brandon, Peter (ed.).
2008:"Sediment Transport Study East Head to Pagham Harbour. Section 1.1"
1653:
1651:
1035:
841:
596:
As the Mixon, south of Selsey Bill, would have been within the old
403:
289:
91:, which is now lost. Its location is unclear but was probably near
2701:
Wormald, Patrick (2001). Richard Gameson, Henrietta Leyser (ed.).
2613:
2421:, Report 02/91, Reading: Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd
1567:
963:
had removed lands from the Selsey Bishopric previously endowed to
624:
for Cymenshore; they suggest that the name Keynor is derived from
2771:
1137:
1122:
1012:
consists of local authorities, the Environment agency and others.
964:
752:
579:
431:
273:
160:, deriving from the same root as the later Old English adjective
1846:
1648:
1094:
An excavation locally discovered 282 cremations and inhumations.
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606:
414:
396:
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242:
230:
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86:
2808:- See section 4. of the Sussex pages for description of Selsey.
2538:"Standing Conference on Problems Associated with the Coastline"
1728:
1726:
1503:
423:
293:
277:
257:
92:
67:
2774:(name in Old Welsh=Cymynu), several hundred years before Ælle.
1965:
Archaeology in Sussex to AD 1500 : essays for Eric Holden
1963:
Bell, Martin (1978). "Saxon Sussex". In Drewett, P. L. (ed.).
1687:
1452:
1442:
1440:
561:
381:
Remains of jetty at Wytherings location(grid reference SZ8797)
2443:
Richardson, W.A.R. (2000). Watts, Victor (ed.). "The Owers".
2195:
The Early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Southern Britain AD 450-650
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829:
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2303:"Anglo Saxon Chronicle. Manuscript A:The Parker Chronicle"
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1464:
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Camden's description of Selsey and the ancient little City
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Sidlesham Parish Site - Information on how to find Keynor
1810:
1663:
1643:
Hampshire & Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology 2006
1588:
1395:
1370:
1368:
1212:
835:
5th century Jutish settlements proposed by J E A Jolliffe
178:. Although in early Old English this name took the form *
1870:
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Section of 1583 Dutch map showing Rumbridge (Weenbrug).
137:) are generally accepted by scholars to derive from an
2592:
2571:
2516:
2091:
Chichester Excavations 7: Apple Down & the Mardens
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2803:Online translation of the 1607 edition of Camden's
2029:"The Meaning of the Old English Place-name Element
1894:
1515:
1281:
2679:
2364:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
1834:
1539:
1305:
543:The Owers showing possible location for Cymenshore
2428:"Charter Granted by King Henry II at Westminster"
1675:
1107:
141:place-name, now lost, whose Old English form was
125:. These and other spellings in late manuscripts (
2813:
2644:The Underwater Book: The Search For Roman Selsey
2425:
1756:
947:The account marks the beginning of Saxon Sussex.
576:Selsey Bill was part of the Chichester Iron-Age
2192:
1852:
2642:Wallace, Hume (1968). Kendall McDonald (ed.).
2478:
1917:Barker, Eric E. (1949). Salzman, L.F. (ed.).
1657:
430:. The charter that defined the land award to
2269:
2110:Studies on English Place- and Personal Names
1446:
979:
977:
2618:(Map). United Kingdom Hydrographic Office.
2614:United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (2004).
2345:Anglo-Saxon Charters VI, Charters of Selsey
2249:
2162:
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1693:
1669:
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577:
409:
305:
247:is an Old English word that was probably a
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2442:
2005:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1618:
1509:
1416:
1335:
1323:
885:
878:Jutish settlements in south east England..
466:
2088:
2040:Journal of the English Place-Name Society
1934:
1888:
974:
634:actually means Cow-Shore in Old English.
630:. However, Margaret Gelling asserts that
547:
2552:
2445:The English Placename Society Journal 33
2328:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2291:
2069:
2050:
1999:Brittannia Vol 1 Updated English version
1816:
1594:
1533:
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777:
682:
560:
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74:with his three sons Cymen, Wlencing and
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2632:
2497:
2459:
2380:
2361:
2230:
2193:Harrington, Sue; Welch, Martin (2014).
2141:
2132:
2074:(3rd ed.). Cambridgeshire: Imray.
1919:"Sussex Anglo-Saxon Charters. Part III"
1876:
1864:
1828:
1705:
1630:
1606:
1568:United Kingdom Hydrographic Office 2004
1497:
1485:
1470:
1389:
1299:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1182:
434:at Selsey, in the 7th century, by King
314:A mention of Cymen, Ælle's son, in the
166:("handsome, comely") combined with the
2814:
2535:
2385:. Vol. 1. London: Phoenix House.
2362:Lapidge, Michael; et al. (2001).
2300:
2211:
2163:Gelling, Margaret; Cole, Anne (2000).
2137:(89). London: The Prehistoric Society.
2107:
1993:
1971:
1943:
1916:
1582:
1552:
1347:
1275:
1170:
1116:
765:
668:
515:
395:, a tradition based on a place called
292:, Chalder Farm, Keynor Farm, Honer in
2719:
2677:
2658:
2416:
2342:
2321:
2255:Selsey Bill. Historic and Prehistoric
1900:
1840:
1768:
1744:
1521:
1431:
1374:
1359:
1311:
1287:
1242:
1158:
787:
773:
721:Welch believes that the location for
569:To the south of Selsey Bill lies the
501:
449:
2768:Alternate etymology for Cymenshorea.
2722:Myth, Rulership, Church and Charters
2108:Ekwall, Eilert; et al. (1931).
2026:
1962:
1263:
1194:
680:being adjacent to the Witterings.
82:is a scholarly modernisation of the
2616:(SC1652) Selsey Bill to Beachy Head
2397:
2006:Carter, Dave; Bray, Malcom (2003).
1681:
1061:Roman Road extended to Selsey Bill.
486:, it confirms that the boundary is
13:
2089:Down, Alec; Welch, Martin (1990).
14:
2848:
2761:
2402:. Chichester, Sussex: Philimore.
1979:(reprint ed.). Marlborough.
1929:. Sussex Archaeological Society.
1923:Sussex Archaeological Collections
646:
637:
391:is traditionally identified with
2501:The City of Chichester: The port
864:
840:
828:
716:
676:Also Morden's map of 1695 shows
2593:The Electronic Sawyer (2023b).
2572:The Electronic Sawyer (2023a).
2517:Salzman, Louis Francis (1953).
2498:Salzman, Louis Francis (1935).
2347:. OUP for the British Academy.
2275:Roman Britain and Early England
2093:. Chichester District Council.
1088:
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1042:
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941:
925:
272:near Southampton, Rowner near
16:Lost place in Southern England
1:
1909:
604:(the Old City) and therefore
474:A further source is from the
182:, by the eighth century, the
109:, which gives it in the form
2827:Anglo-Saxon sites in England
2430:. Kew: The National Archives
2294:Pre-Feudal England:the Jutes
2166:The Landscape of Place-Names
2145:Place-Names in the Landscape
1101:
556:
531:
330:The legendary foundation of
190:talks about a person called
98:
7:
2646:. London: Pelham for BSAC.
2555:The Land of the English Kin
1853:Harrington & Welch 2014
1718:Salzman, Louis Francis 1953
1147:The Electronic Sawyer 2023b
1132:The Electronic Sawyer 2023a
906:
738:
708:incorrectly, as Wittering.
480:Brihthelm, bishop of Selsey
372:
251:from Latin. The Latin word
10:
2853:
2686:. Chichester: Phillimore.
2637:. Published by the Author.
2322:Jones, Michael E. (1998).
2142:Gelling, Margeret (2000).
1944:Bately, J.M., ed. (1986).
2753:10.1080/00393273508586795
2426:National Archive (1135).
1948:. Cambridge: D.D.Brewer.
1946:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
615:
296:, Bognor—and potentially
241:), the second element of
2381:Margary, Ivan D (1955).
2325:The End of Roman Britain
2292:Jolliffe, J E A (1933).
2051:Cunliffe, Barry (1973).
2010:. SCOPAC. Archived from
918:
712:Other possible locations
457:and the translation is:
410:Evidence for Selsey area
306:Role in foundation myths
56:where, according to the
2832:Anglo-Saxon settlements
2601:. King's College London
2580:. King's College London
2186:SCOPAC Research Project
1694:Gelling & Cole 2000
1459:Gelling & Cole 2000
1059:Chichester to Sidlesham
886:Archaeological evidence
626:
607:
397:
387:
298:
243:
231:
219:
207:
197:
162:
152:
143:
87:
2822:History of West Sussex
2633:Wallace, Hume (1996).
2479:Salzman, L.F. (1953).
2460:Salzman, L.F. (1953).
2383:Roman roads in Britain
2188:. Southampton: SCOPAC.
2070:Cunliffe, Tom (2000).
2001:. London: Joseph Wild.
1793:Carter & Bray 2003
1057:It is likely that the
784:
771:
688:
674:
578:
566:
548:Outer and Middle Owers
544:
521:
507:
472:
455:
419:
382:
318:
237:
225:
213:
37:50.731566°N 0.789127°W
2741:Studia Neophilologica
2724:. London: Routledge.
2659:Welch, M. G. (1992).
2417:Moore, Helen (2002),
2398:Mee, Frances (1988).
2366:. London: Blackwell.
2301:Jebson, Tony (2006).
2257:. London: Duckworth.
2055:. London: Duckworth.
1977:The Hills and the Sea
1889:Down & Welch 1990
1757:National Archive 1135
1512:, pp. 64–65, 93.
806:Anglo Saxon Chronicle
781:
757:
686:
660:
564:
542:
508:
492:
459:
440:
428:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
417:
380:
336:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
324:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
316:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
313:
188:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
150:The first element of
106:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
59:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2797:Movable Type Scripts
2783:19 June 2011 at the
2663:. English Heritage.
2599:Anglo Saxon Charters
2578:Anglo Saxon Charters
2343:Kelly, S. E (1998).
847:The distribution of
476:Charter of Byrhthelm
42:50.731566; -0.789127
2661:Anglo-Saxon England
2400:A History of Selsey
2271:Hunter-Blair, Peter
2251:Heron-Allen, Edward
2148:. London: Phoenix.
1720:, pp. 205–210.
1708:, pp. 100–102.
1696:, pp. 208–209.
1660:, pp. 210–215.
1633:, pp. 136–145.
1488:, pp. 227–233.
1473:, pp. 128–141.
1461:, pp. 199–210.
1221:, pp. 179–180.
751:when discussing St
338:. According to the
186:had been lost: the
33: /
2791:St Thomas a Becket
2169:. Stamford: Tyas.
2112:. C.W.K. Gleerup.
2027:Cole, Ann (1989).
1658:Salzman, L.F. 1953
1278:, pp. vii–ix.
788:Jutish settlements
785:
774:Historical context
768:, pp. 117–118
694:.. Wedering muðe..
689:
567:
545:
420:
383:
365:seem to come from
319:
119:on Cymeneres horan
2837:History of Sussex
2564:978-90-04-42189-9
2335:978-0-8014-8530-5
2242:978-90-04-42189-9
2197:. Oxford: Oxbow.
2081:978-0-85288-421-8
1955:978-0-85991-103-0
1879:, pp. 67–69.
1867:, pp. 72–76.
1855:, pp. 63–66.
1819:, pp. 90–97.
1807:, pp. 66–73.
1783:, pp. 58–59.
1771:, pp. 23–24.
1747:, pp. 85–91.
1735:, pp. 88–89.
1597:, pp. 16–18.
1447:Hunter-Blair 1963
1419:, pp. 63–65.
1407:, pp. 70–94.
1392:, pp. 50–69.
1377:, pp. 23–25.
1362:, pp. 15–30.
1338:, pp. 82–98.
1266:, pp. 64–69.
1245:, pp. 13–35.
1233:, pp. 35–36.
1209:, pp. 51–54.
1197:, pp. 15–22.
1161:, p. 12,118.
961:See of Winchester
913:History of Sussex
749:Hills and the Sea
385:The location for
168:diminutive suffix
2844:
2756:
2735:
2731:978-0-75465120-8
2716:
2697:
2685:
2682:The South Saxons
2674:
2655:
2638:
2629:
2610:
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2589:
2587:
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2547:
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2439:
2437:
2435:
2422:
2413:
2394:
2377:
2358:
2339:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2305:. Archived from
2297:
2288:
2266:
2246:
2227:
2208:
2204:978-178570-970-8
2189:
2180:
2159:
2138:
2129:
2104:
2085:
2066:
2047:
2037:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2014:on 25 April 2012
2002:
1990:
1973:Belloc, Hillaire
1968:
1959:
1940:
1938:
1904:
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1760:
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1748:
1742:
1736:
1733:Heron-Allen 1911
1730:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1670:Heron-Allen 1911
1667:
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1655:
1646:
1640:
1634:
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1468:
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1444:
1435:
1434:, pp. 3–13.
1429:
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769:
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505:
504:, pp. 85–91
470:
453:
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246:
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155:
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90:
70:and battled the
54:Southern England
48:
47:
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44:
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30:
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2812:
2811:
2785:Wayback Machine
2764:
2759:
2732:
2713:
2705:. Oxford: OUP.
2694:
2671:
2626:
2604:
2602:
2583:
2581:
2565:
2543:
2541:
2536:SCOPAC (1986).
2526:
2524:
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2433:
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2309:on 26 July 2011
2285:
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2017:
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1995:Camden, William
1987:
1956:
1936:10.5284/1085760
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1619:Richardson 2000
1617:
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1609:, pp. 5–7.
1605:
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1336:Zachrisson 1935
1334:
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1173:, pp. 3–4.
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814:old Roman roads
810:Mercreadesburne
793:fifth century.
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467:Richardson 2000
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452:, pp. 3–13
448:
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345:is named after
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135:Cimeneres horan
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52:was a place in
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113:. Outside the
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1535:
1534:Cunliffe 2000
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1349:
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1111:
1106:
1091:
1081:
1075:, the RR421.
1074:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1008:
999:
990:
980:
978:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
944:
938:
933:
928:
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914:
911:
910:
904:
901:
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879:
867:
858:
854:
850:
843:
831:
822:
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815:
811:
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802:
798:
796:
780:
767:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
736:
733:
729:
724:
717:Ouse-Cuckmere
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
685:
681:
679:
671:, p. 228
670:
664:
659:
657:
654:
644:
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628:
623:
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554:
541:
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484:See of Selsey
481:
477:
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176:genitive case
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77:
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46:
2804:
2747:(2): 82–98.
2744:
2740:
2721:
2702:
2681:
2660:
2643:
2634:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2598:
2582:. Retrieved
2577:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2525:. Retrieved
2519:
2506:. Retrieved
2500:
2487:. Retrieved
2481:
2468:. Retrieved
2462:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2418:
2399:
2382:
2363:
2344:
2326:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2293:
2274:
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2213:
2194:
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2167:
2164:
2146:
2143:
2134:
2109:
2090:
2071:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
1998:
1976:
1964:
1945:
1926:
1922:
1896:
1891:, p. 9.
1884:
1877:Hawkins 2020
1872:
1865:Margary 1955
1860:
1848:
1843:, p. 2.
1836:
1829:Hawkins 2020
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1713:
1706:Salzman 1935
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1638:
1631:Wallace 1968
1626:
1614:
1607:Garland 2018
1602:
1590:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1498:Wallace 1996
1493:
1486:Salzman 1953
1471:Wormald 2001
1466:
1454:
1412:
1390:Hawkins 2020
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1314:, p. 9.
1307:
1300:Gelling 2000
1295:
1283:
1271:
1238:
1231:Lapidge 2001
1226:
1219:Gelling 2000
1214:
1207:Hawkins 2020
1202:
1190:
1183:Hawkins 2020
1178:
1166:
1154:
1090:
1080:
1072:
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848:
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701:
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690:
677:
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661:
652:
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631:
619:
605:
602:Cidade Celha
601:
597:
595:
575:
568:
551:
535:
522:
518:, p. 85
509:
494:
493:
487:
478:(presumably
475:
473:
469:, p. 57
460:
456:
442:
441:
427:
421:
384:
362:
358:
355:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
332:Saxon Sussex
329:
322:
320:
315:
286:West Thorney
284:, Marker in
265:
252:
204:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
157:
149:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
104:
102:
79:
57:
49:
18:
2544:14 February
2313:27 December
1583:Camden 1701
1553:SCOPAC 1986
1348:Hawkes 1982
1276:Bately 1986
1171:Ekwall 1931
1117:Jebson 2006
766:Belloc 1996
730:element of
669:Camden 1701
627:Cȳmenes ōra
608:Cȳmenes ōra
571:Mixon rocks
516:Barker 1949
404:Meon Valley
393:Selsey Bill
388:Cȳmenes ōra
299:Cȳmenes ōra
264:was called
258:Southampton
244:Cȳmenes ōra
211:from Latin
153:Cȳmenes ōra
144:Cȳmenes ōra
139:Old English
88:Cȳmenes ōra
84:Old English
40: /
2816:Categories
2605:30 January
2584:30 January
2277:. Norton.
2018:20 October
1910:References
1901:Welch 1978
1841:Moore 2002
1769:Welch 1978
1745:Kelly 1998
1522:Kelly 1998
1432:Kelly 1998
1375:Welch 1978
1360:Yorke 2008
1312:Welch 1992
1288:Jones 1998
1243:Welch 1978
1159:Kelly 1998
1039:950–1050."
723:Cymenshore
678:Cimenshore
591:Silchester
586:Atrebatean
502:Kelly 1998
450:Kelly 1998
398:Cumenshora
343:Cymenshore
340:Chronicle,
282:Portsmouth
131:Cumenshore
111:Cymenesora
80:Cymenshore
66:landed in
50:Cymenshore
25:50°43′54″N
2805:Britannia
2482:Sidlesham
2453:1351-3095
2391:635211506
2118:0281-272X
2053:The Regni
1264:Bell 1978
1195:Cole 1989
1102:Citations
969:Caedwalla
755:he said:
732:Cymensora
653:Britannia
622:Sidlesham
598:oppidum's
557:The Mixon
532:The Owers
436:Caedwalla
367:Brittonic
363:Chronicle
359:Chronicle
351:Chronicle
249:loan-word
174:, in the
127:Cymensora
115:Chronicle
99:Etymology
28:0°47′21″W
2781:Archived
2574:"S.1291"
2540:. SCOPAC
2527:17 April
2508:17 April
2489:17 April
2470:14 April
2273:(1963).
2263:14065805
2253:(1911).
2046:: 15–22.
1997:(1701).
1975:(1996).
1682:Mee 1988
1073:Meonwara
1036:ballista
907:See also
900:Cuckmere
892:Highdown
783:picture.
763:—
739:Shoreham
706:Wedering
702:Wedering
700:mouth).
698:Wedering
666:—
513:—
499:—
464:—
447:—
373:Location
290:Itchenor
2772:Commius
2595:"S.232"
2126:5923927
965:Wilfrid
932:ASC 477
753:Wilfrid
747:in his
632:Keyn-or
580:oppidum
432:Wilfrid
274:Gosport
72:Britons
2728:
2709:
2690:
2667:
2652:465833
2650:
2622:
2561:
2520:Selsey
2463:Pagham
2451:
2406:
2389:
2370:
2351:
2332:
2281:
2261:
2239:
2220:
2201:
2173:
2152:
2124:
2116:
2097:
2078:
2059:
1983:
1952:
984:craft.
857:portus
658:said:
656:Camden
616:Keynor
424:Selsey
294:Pagham
278:Copnor
262:Bognor
226:portūs
93:Selsey
68:AD 477
2434:2 May
2036:(PDF)
919:Notes
849:funta
347:Cymen
235:from
232:funta
223:from
214:vīcus
192:Cymen
180:Cȳmīn
158:Cȳmīn
76:Cissa
2726:ISBN
2707:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2665:ISBN
2648:OCLC
2620:ISBN
2607:2023
2586:2023
2559:ISBN
2546:2020
2529:2020
2510:2020
2491:2020
2472:2020
2449:ISSN
2436:2020
2404:ISBN
2387:OCLC
2368:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2315:2009
2279:ISBN
2259:OCLC
2237:ISBN
2218:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2135:Past
2122:OCLC
2114:ISSN
2095:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2057:ISBN
2020:2010
1981:ISBN
1950:ISBN
898:and
896:Ouse
855:and
804:The
422:The
270:Ower
238:fons
229:and
220:port
198:Cȳme
163:cȳme
133:and
2749:doi
2031:ōra
1931:doi
967:by
853:ōra
819:ōra
728:ora
593:.
280:in
266:ōra
260:to
253:ōra
208:wīc
172:-īn
2818::
2743:.
2597:.
2576:.
2447:.
2120:.
2044:21
2042:.
2038:.
1927:88
1925:.
1921:.
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1650:^
1575:^
1560:^
1541:^
1478:^
1439:^
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1367:^
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1109:^
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490::
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288:,
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2751::
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2673:.
2654:.
2628:.
2609:.
2588:.
2567:.
2548:.
2531:.
2512:.
2493:.
2474:.
2455:.
2438:.
2412:.
2393:.
2376:.
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2338:.
2317:.
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2265:.
2245:.
2226:.
2207:.
2179:.
2158:.
2128:.
2103:.
2084:.
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2022:.
1989:.
1967:.
1958:.
1939:.
1933::
1795:.
1759:.
1570:.
1555:.
1149:.
1134:.
1119:.
1025:.
696:(
170:*
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