466:, a peak gust of 130 km/h (81 mph) was measured, the third-highest in the city's history. The intense winds, considered unprecedented for many in the region, were attributed to the fast movement of the storm and its location in relation to land. Moving at speeds up to 90 km/h (56 mph), winds along the northeastern edge of the storm were increased by that amount due to Alby's clockwise rotation. It also allowed for winds to cover a large area northeast of the centre, impacting many areas far from the storm. In general, rainfall was limited and generally less than 20 mm (0.79 in); this was due to the fast movement, as well as the asymmetrical structure with most of the thunderstorms south of the center.
619:
181:
470:
2374:
1939:
335:
2384:
1951:
29:
266:
1038:
951:
716:
345:
1963:
603:
little to no warning was given to residents in the South-West Land
Division; this was the result of Alby's abrupt acceleration along a cold front, a complex forecasting situation. It was also regarded as a "wake up call" for the region, reminding residents that they are not immune to the effects of tropical cyclones. Cyclone Alby has been used as a benchmark to compare future storms in the region to, such as
355:
445:
as an extratropical storm. Due to the rapid movement of Alby, the system maintained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) as it reached this point, making it one of the most intense storms to strike the region. By 5 April, the cyclone rapidly lost its identity as it became caught up in a northwesterly
539:
were leveled by the wildfires. At least 50 individual fires were fanned by the storm across the region, prompting more than 1,000 firefighters to assist in putting them out. Containment efforts were successful after six days, with the fires put under control by 10 April. Two people were killed
256:
to Albany was extensively damaged." The resulting damage was extensive, with monetary losses reaching A$ 50 milelion (US$ 45 million). According to a
Canadian newspaper, the Associated Press reported initially that officials in Perth said that "A tropical cyclone Tuesday tore across the
602:
In the wake of
Cyclone Alby, an appeal for relief in the affected region was made by The Lord Mayor's Distress Relief Fund. The unprecedented scale of damage prompted meteorologists to vastly improve forecasting in the region to be better prepared for a similar storm in the future. At the time,
477:
These winds resulted in widespread agricultural, environmental and structural damage. Hundreds of structures sustained severe damage, mostly consisting of roofs blowing off. The most severe losses took place in Albany where most homes had partial or complete roof failure. Air-borne debris also
432:
Shortly after reaching this intensity, Alby slowed as it began turning towards the southeast. By 3 April, the storm rapidly accelerated and attained a forward speed of 50 km/h (31 mph). This rapid acceleration was due to the cyclone's interaction with a
257:
southwestern tip of
Australia, killing at least five persons and sparking brushfires that destroyed two towns,", but the two towns supposedly destroyed by fire were not identified, nor was there a report in the local press or subsequent investigations.
235:
flooded low-lying areas and numerous homes lost their roofs from high winds. Further inland, bushfires were worsened by the storm as it brought little rain, generally less than 20 mm (0.79 in) along the coast. These fires burned roughly
518:
The large expanse of gale-force winds without precipitation exacerbated 92 ongoing brush fires in the region. These fires erupted into full-fledged wildfires, expanding at a rate of 5 to 10 km/h (3.1 to 6.2 mph). A total of
215:
on 27 March 1978, Alby steadily developed as it tracked southwestward, parallel to
Western Australia. Between 1 and 2 April, the storm quickly intensified and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 cyclone on the
591:, inundating 100 homes and prompting the evacuation of 130 residents. Throughout Western Australia, Cyclone Alby was responsible for five fatalities and A$ 50 million (US$ 45 million) in damage. There was also severe
506:
were without electricity due to
Cyclone Alby; Perth nearly sustained a complete breakdown of power services. This led to secondary losses attributable to the storm such as production failure. One person died in
2000:
458:
Retaining winds in excess of 120 km/h (75 mph), Cyclone Alby brought damaging winds to much of the region in and around Cape
Leeuwin. The highest winds reached 150 km/h (93 mph) in
1993:
381:
converging around the low. Notable development took place over the following three days as the system drifted towards the southwest. Convection began wrapping around the storm, forming
531:
and horses were killed. Over 100 structures, 1,300 km (810 mi) of fencing and tens of thousands of hay bales were destroyed. According to newspaper reports, the towns of
2191:
2176:
965:
1986:
2009:
1051:
2217:
2166:
2054:
2156:
2105:
1219:
2151:
2110:
2049:
1077:
V. Semeniuk and D. J. Searle (Summer 1987). "Beach Rock Ridges/Bands along a High-Energy Coast in
Southwestern Australia: Their Significance and Use in Coastal History".
604:
2171:
2120:
2100:
2095:
2146:
2090:
2085:
2080:
409:
developed and Alby steadily intensified through 2 April. At the end of this strengthening, Cyclone Alby attained its peak intensity as a
Category 5 on the
2033:
992:
575:
of 1.1 m (3.6 ft). Here, the surge penetrated roughly 200 m (660 ft) inland, forcing several evacuations. This led to significant
2028:
1212:
2415:
1228:
563:
across the region were expected to increase. Unexpectedly, all forecast values were exceeded by at least 0.3 m (0.98 ft). The highest
2420:
2377:
191:
417:
of 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg) was measured at the time and peak winds were estimated to be 205 km/h (127 mph) based on the
2410:
1942:
1205:
231:
In
Western Australia, the combination of Alby's fast movement and hurricane-force winds caused widespread damage. Along the coast, large
1165:
872:
2435:
969:
637:
502:. Numerous power lines and stations failed during the storm due to winds as well as dust and salt accretion. Large portions of the
441:
as the storm's structure became asymmetrical. Around 1300 UTC on 4 April, the storm passed within 100 km (62 mi) of
1055:
1966:
729:
595:
associated with the storm, with some areas losing 30 m (98 ft) of land. Due to the extensive damage, the name Alby was
228:. The storm brushed the cape on 4 April, bringing hurricane-force winds, before rapidly losing its identity the following day.
1138:
1615:
632:
527:) of land was burned throughout Western Australia as a result of the fires. Within this area, more than 10,000 sheep and 500
511:
after falling off his roof while trying to repair it. Newspapers connected the death of one person in a vehicle accident in
835:
805:
662:
498:
from many areas. Near the coast, the combined effects of strong, onshore winds and little rain led to significant inland
2430:
426:
490:
was lost as well as a potential 200,000 m (7 million ft) of future growth on established trees. Widespread
541:
421:. Additionally, the JTWC assessed the storm to have attained winds of 215 km/h (134 mph), a low-range
532:
479:
596:
1490:
512:
410:
386:
253:
217:
125:
559:
produced by the storm resulted in two fatalities in Albany Harbour as well as significant coastal damage.
244:). Cyclone Alby and the associated brushfires caused five deaths, with the heaviest damage in the town of
545:
483:
1978:
2425:
1525:
584:
508:
1114:
Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2023
536:
459:
245:
2387:
1954:
1197:
624:
503:
279:
121:
405:, located 385 km (239 mi) west-northwest of the storm's centre. By then, a large ragged
1640:
1459:
176:
1686:
1575:
1540:
1434:
1419:
1364:
1113:
447:
378:
2344:
1610:
1585:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1535:
1505:
1404:
1389:
1369:
1313:
1169:
876:
438:
390:
358:
221:
73:
1847:
1756:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1520:
1454:
1414:
1409:
1384:
1379:
1359:
1354:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1247:
422:
158:
8:
2359:
1480:
1475:
1323:
1273:
414:
348:
180:
1620:
1495:
1439:
1328:
1094:
1037:
950:
905:
715:
2383:
1950:
1918:
1822:
1086:
779:
370:
369:
Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby was first identified on 27 March 1978 as a disorganized
212:
208:
169:
2318:
2272:
1867:
1766:
1530:
1399:
1142:
576:
469:
418:
338:
269:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
204:
2293:
1802:
667:
580:
478:
damaged buildings during the storm. Nearly 80% of the apple crop was lost in the
102:
515:
to the storm; however, the Bureau of Meteorology does not attribute it to Alby.
2354:
2339:
2313:
2303:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2222:
2196:
2181:
2023:
1913:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1837:
1812:
1792:
1761:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1721:
1716:
1676:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1424:
1283:
1242:
966:"Prescribed Burning: How Effective is it in the Control of Large Forest Fires"
2404:
2334:
2308:
2237:
2232:
2186:
2130:
2115:
1842:
1817:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1731:
1726:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1671:
1666:
1645:
1545:
1515:
1510:
1449:
1429:
1394:
1374:
1338:
1308:
1252:
1090:
1018:
931:
696:
592:
556:
434:
406:
232:
94:
2349:
2288:
2201:
2161:
2125:
2059:
1923:
1908:
1751:
1650:
1500:
1444:
1318:
442:
389:(JTWC), classified the system as a tropical storm. Shortly thereafter, the
225:
2298:
2242:
2227:
2008:
1872:
1832:
1827:
1807:
1711:
1681:
1485:
1268:
572:
1098:
599:
from the list of Western Australian cyclone names following its usage.
564:
491:
98:
840:
810:
777:
568:
549:
499:
1227:
28:
588:
382:
377:. At this time, the system was characterised as a large cluster of
374:
265:
1085:(3). Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc.: 331–342.
520:
495:
473:
Satellite image of the remnants of Alby near Australia on 4 April
237:
397:
classified it as a tropical cyclone, assigning it with the name
1111:
528:
487:
968:. Department of Environment & Conservation. Archived from
540:
while trying to suppress the fires: one from a fallen tree in
373:
situated roughly 800 km (500 mi) north-northwest of
1141:. The Lord Mayor's Distress Relief Fund. 2009. Archived from
463:
394:
249:
1076:
833:
803:
560:
524:
401:. Gale-force winds were later confirmed on 30 March by the
293:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
288:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
241:
437:
to its south. Gradually weakening, Alby also underwent an
361:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
313:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
308:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
486:
area. A total of 154,400 m (5.4 million ft) of
303:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
220:. After turning to the southeast, the storm underwent an
298:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
2010:
Category 5 Australian region severe tropical cyclones
1168:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
875:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
614:
318:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
1166:"The difference between cyclones Alby and Bianca"
446:flow before merging with the cold front over the
2402:
1229:Retired Australian region tropical cyclone names
1054:. Government of Australia. 2011. Archived from
963:
873:"Cyclone Alby impact resonates thirty years on"
33:Satellite image of Cyclone Alby on 2 April 1978
1163:
778:Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (2010).
1994:
1213:
579:that damaged dozens of structures, including
252:metropolitan area and nearly every town from
990:
870:
16:Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 1978
1119:(Report). World Meteorological Organization
2001:
1987:
1220:
1206:
571:at 2.5 m (8.2 ft), leading to a
179:
27:
1105:
260:
1112:RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2023).
672:. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2007
638:List of retired Australian cyclone names
468:
264:
192:1977–78 Australian region cyclone season
691:
689:
687:
657:
655:
653:
453:
248:. A report at the time noted that "The
2416:Tropical cyclones in Western Australia
2403:
932:"WA mops up after fires, storm ordeal"
929:
925:
923:
900:
898:
896:
894:
866:
864:
862:
860:
773:
771:
111:Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
2421:Category 5 Australian region cyclones
1982:
1201:
834:Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1979).
804:Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1979).
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
633:List of cyclones in Western Australia
203:was regarded as the most devastating
1052:"Event – South-Western, WA: Cyclone"
827:
797:
684:
650:
1962:
993:"Five dead in storm: fires rage on"
920:
891:
857:
697:"Five dead in storm: fires rage on"
13:
2411:Retired Australian region cyclones
1164:Sharon Kennedy (26 January 2011).
785:. Australian Bureau of Meteorology
748:
411:Australian cyclone intensity scale
218:Australian cyclone intensity scale
63:Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
14:
2447:
2436:1970s in Perth, Western Australia
1193:
836:"Tropical Cyclone 30S Best Track"
806:"Tropical Cyclone 29S Best Track"
2382:
2373:
2372:
1961:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1036:
949:
714:
617:
353:
343:
333:
1157:
1131:
1070:
1044:
1011:
984:
957:
734:The StarPhoenix (Saskatoon, SK)
930:Carman, Gerry (6 April 1978).
780:"Tropical Cyclone Alby Report"
722:
605:Severe Tropical Cyclone Bianca
494:also ruined crops and removed
427:Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale
1:
991:Staff Writer (6 April 1978).
908:. Bureau of Meteorology. 2011
871:Staff Writer (3 April 2008).
643:
211:on record. Forming out of an
548:when a bulldozer clearing a
387:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
201:Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby
136:215 km/h (130 mph)
84:205 km/h (125 mph)
22:Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby
7:
1079:Journal of Coastal Research
1033:– via Newspapers.com.
946:– via Newspapers.com.
711:– via Newspapers.com.
610:
10:
2452:
1025:. 10 April 1978. p. 9
730:"Tropical cyclone kills 5"
2431:Tropical cyclones in 1978
2368:
2327:
2281:
2210:
2139:
2073:
2042:
2016:
1932:
1881:
1775:
1659:
1468:
1347:
1261:
1235:
1139:"Previous Relief Appeals"
1023:The Sydney Morning Herald
997:The Sydney Morning Herald
703:. 6 April 1978. p. 1
701:The Sydney Morning Herald
385:. Early on 29 March, the
246:Albany, Western Australia
187:
175:
165:
153:
145:
140:
132:
116:
109:
88:
80:
68:
61:
53:
45:
38:
26:
2388:Tropical cyclones portal
1188:
964:Rick Sneeuwjagt (2008).
744:– via Google News.
663:"Raw cyclone track data"
625:Tropical cyclones portal
504:South-West Land Division
439:extratropical transition
222:extratropical transition
157:$ 45 million (1978
906:"Tropical Cyclone Alby"
555:Along the coast, large
207:to impact southwestern
2192:Frederic–Evrina (1999)
474:
448:Great Australian Bight
366:
261:Meteorological history
40:Meteorological history
2177:Pancho–Helinda (1997)
1019:"WA fires controlled"
587:, water breached the
472:
391:Bureau of Meteorology
359:Extratropical cyclone
268:
845:. United States Navy
815:. United States Navy
454:Impact and aftermath
371:area of low pressure
280:Saffir–Simpson scale
213:area of low pressure
149:2 direct, 3 indirect
89:Lowest pressure
1145:on 19 February 2011
415:barometric pressure
349:Subtropical cyclone
70:10-minute sustained
23:
2034:"Innisfail" (1918)
1172:on 31 January 2011
736:: 46. 5 April 1978
475:
367:
133:Highest winds
118:1-minute sustained
81:Highest winds
21:
2426:1978 in Australia
2396:
2395:
1976:
1975:
544:and the other in
209:Western Australia
198:
197:
170:Western Australia
2443:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
972:on 15 March 2011
961:
955:
954:
953:
947:
945:
943:
927:
918:
917:
915:
913:
902:
889:
888:
886:
884:
879:on 19 April 2010
868:
855:
854:
852:
850:
844:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
814:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
784:
775:
746:
745:
743:
741:
726:
720:
719:
718:
712:
710:
708:
693:
682:
681:
679:
677:
671:
659:
627:
622:
621:
620:
607:in 2011.
577:coastal flooding
419:Dvorak technique
383:banding features
357:
356:
347:
346:
339:Tropical cyclone
337:
336:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
205:tropical cyclone
183:
112:
105:
64:
41:
31:
24:
20:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2364:
2323:
2319:Veronica (2019)
2277:
2273:Laurence (2009)
2206:
2167:Theodore (1994)
2135:
2069:
2055:Beverley (1975)
2038:
2029:"Mackay" (1918)
2012:
2007:
1977:
1972:
1928:
1877:
1771:
1655:
1464:
1343:
1257:
1231:
1226:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
989:
985:
975:
973:
962:
958:
948:
941:
939:
928:
921:
911:
909:
904:
903:
892:
882:
880:
869:
858:
848:
846:
838:
832:
828:
818:
816:
808:
802:
798:
788:
786:
782:
776:
749:
739:
737:
728:
727:
723:
713:
706:
704:
695:
694:
685:
675:
673:
665:
661:
660:
651:
646:
623:
618:
616:
613:
581:Busselton Jetty
456:
423:Category 4
365:
364:
363:
362:
354:
351:
344:
341:
334:
331:
325:
324:
320:
319:
315:
314:
310:
309:
305:
304:
300:
299:
295:
294:
290:
289:
285:
283:
274:
270:
263:
188:
141:Overall effects
110:
92:
62:
39:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2449:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Gillian (2014)
2291:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2162:Rewa (1993–94)
2159:
2157:Neville (1992)
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Dominic (1982)
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
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49:27 March 1978
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2335:Niran (2021)
2309:Ernie (2017)
2238:Inigo (2003)
2233:Chris (2002)
2187:Vance (1999)
2172:Chloe (1995)
2131:Orson (1989)
2121:Harry (1989)
2116:Kathy (1984)
2101:Mabel (1981)
2096:Carol (1980)
2064:
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1279:Fiona/Gertie
1174:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
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1060:. Retrieved
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705:. Retrieved
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674:. Retrieved
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542:Mount Barker
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443:Cape Leeuwin
431:
403:Martha Bakke
402:
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226:Cape Leeuwin
200:
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189:Part of the
117:
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57:5 April 1978
18:
2360:Olga (2024)
2350:Ilsa (2023)
2289:Yasi (2011)
2218:Paul (2000)
2202:John (1999)
2147:Alex (1990)
2126:Aivu (1989)
2091:Enid (1980)
2086:Dean (1980)
2065:Alby (1978)
2060:Joan (1975)
1967:WikiProject
1029:23 February
999:. p. 1
942:23 February
938:. p. 3
707:23 February
573:storm surge
492:dust storms
2405:Categories
2299:Ita (2014)
2243:Fay (2004)
2228:Sam (2000)
2081:Amy (1980)
1176:5 February
1149:4 February
1123:23 October
1062:4 February
1003:5 February
912:4 February
883:4 February
849:4 February
819:29 January
789:29 January
676:29 January
644:References
565:storm tide
533:Jarrahwood
480:Donnybrook
435:cold front
379:convection
329:Storm type
146:Fatalities
54:Dissipated
2017:Pre-1970s
1919:Gabrielle
1823:Christine
1091:0749-0208
740:21 August
569:Busselton
550:firebreak
513:Pemberton
500:sea spray
254:Geraldton
2378:Category
1943:Category
1868:Veronica
1767:Laurence
1531:Theodore
1460:Felicity
1400:Winifred
611:See also
589:sea wall
546:Manjiump
521:hectares
484:Manjimup
375:Karratha
323:Unknown
238:hectares
1803:Jasmine
1687:Abigail
1616:Katrina
1576:Celeste
1541:Annette
1435:Delilah
1420:Charlie
1365:Dominic
1099:4297307
976:4 March
936:The Age
597:retired
585:Bunbury
567:was in
509:Toodyay
496:topsoil
425:on the
273:Map key
177:IBTrACS
1955:Portal
1914:Freddy
1904:Seroja
1899:Mangga
1894:Harold
1889:Damien
1863:Trevor
1858:Marcus
1853:Debbie
1838:Marcia
1813:Oswald
1793:Carlos
1762:Hamish
1747:George
1742:Monica
1737:Glenda
1722:Ingrid
1717:Harvey
1677:Rosita
1636:Gwenda
1631:Elaine
1626:Thelma
1611:Rhonda
1606:Justin
1601:Rachel
1596:Fergus
1591:Olivia
1586:Kirsty
1566:Gertie
1556:Warren
1551:Violet
1536:Sharon
1506:Oliver
1425:Herbie
1405:Connie
1390:Margot
1370:Elinor
1314:Trixie
1284:Althea
1243:Audrey
1097:
1089:
557:swells
537:Yornup
529:cattle
488:timber
460:Albany
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
233:swells
154:Damage
46:Formed
2328:2020s
2282:2010s
2211:2000s
2140:1990s
2074:1980s
2043:1970s
1882:2020s
1848:Quang
1843:Olwyn
1818:Rusty
1798:Heidi
1788:Tasha
1783:Magda
1776:2010s
1757:Helen
1732:Larry
1727:Clare
1707:Monty
1702:Inigo
1697:Erica
1692:Chris
1672:Tessi
1667:Steve
1660:2000s
1646:Vance
1581:Ethel
1571:Barry
1561:Agnes
1546:Bobby
1526:Pearl
1521:Naomi
1516:Roger
1511:Polly
1469:1990s
1455:Pedro
1450:Orson
1430:Ilona
1415:Elsie
1410:Jason
1395:Nigel
1385:Sandy
1380:Lance
1375:Kathy
1360:Cliff
1355:Simon
1348:1980s
1339:Kerry
1309:Tracy
1304:Wanda
1299:Madge
1294:Emily
1289:Daisy
1262:1970s
1253:Dinah
1248:Flora
1236:1960s
1189:Notes
1117:(PDF)
1095:JSTOR
783:(PDF)
583:. In
561:Tides
525:acres
464:Perth
462:. In
395:Perth
250:Perth
242:acres
122:SSHWS
1924:Ilsa
1909:Seth
1752:Guba
1651:John
1641:Rona
1501:Nina
1491:Mark
1481:Ivor
1476:Tina
1445:Aivu
1334:Alby
1324:Beth
1319:Joan
1274:Dora
1178:2011
1151:2011
1125:2023
1087:ISSN
1064:2011
1031:2023
1005:2011
978:2011
944:2023
914:2011
885:2011
851:2011
821:2011
791:2011
742:2021
709:2023
678:2011
535:and
413:; a
399:Alby
126:JTWC
103:inHg
99:mbar
93:930
1873:Ann
1833:Lam
1828:Ita
1808:Lua
1712:Fay
1682:Sam
1621:Sid
1496:Ian
1486:Joy
1440:Ned
1329:Ted
1269:Ada
841:TXT
811:TXT
668:XLS
407:eye
393:in
159:USD
95:hPa
74:BOM
2407::
1093:.
1081:.
1021:.
995:.
934:.
922:^
893:^
859:^
750:^
732:.
699:.
686:^
652:^
450:.
429:.
2002:e
1995:t
1988:v
1221:e
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1180:.
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666:(
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120:(
97:(
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72:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
