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ago. Though the
Ferryman is initially reluctant to carry the Madwoman, the other characters take pity on her and persuade him to give her passage. As they cross the river, the Ferryman tells the story of the shrine: it is the burial place of a boy who arrived the year before with a cruel master who had kidnapped him from his home near the Black Mountains. The boy was sick, and his master abandoned him by the river. Despite being cared for by the locals, the boy died. The Ferryman recounts the boy's words:
466:
more separate groups at separate tempi, comparable to the sound of the music of a
Nobayashi ensemble in Noh plays. This leads to another unusual notational device, the 'Curlew sign', which is used to 'resynchronise' previously separate groups of musicians by instructing one to sustain or repeat notes 'ad lib' until a given point has been reached in the music of another group. The harp part is heavily influenced by music for the koto and the chamber organ part features extensive use of
1997:
360:), in which all performers, including the musicians, walk to the performance area and take their places. At a cue from the organ, the Abbot, who acts as a narrator, introduces the "mystery" to be presented. The monks who depict the principal players don their costumes to stately instrumental accompaniment after which the play commences.
493:, which he uses to extraordinary dramatic effect. It permeates all aspects of the work's composition, with textures derived from short, decorative couplings, or long, unsynchronised layers of melody. The opening plainsong ('Te lucis ante terminum') suggests many of the melodic shapes throughout the Parable.
363:
The
Ferryman sings of a memorial service that will be held that day at a shrine across the river. A Traveller approaches, wishing to cross the Curlew River. The Ferryman delays his departure when they hear the Madwoman approaching. She has gone mad because of grief for her son, who disappeared a year
384:
As the
Ferryman tells his story, it becomes clear that the boy he describes is the child of the Madwoman. Grief-stricken, she joins the rest of the cast in praying at the boy's graveside. At the climactic moment when all the men are chanting together, the voice of the boy (a treble) is heard echoing
465:
Unusually, there is no conductor in the work—instead, the instrumental performers lead among themselves; the places at which each instrument is to lead are marked in the score. The lack of a conductor allows
Britten to dispense with a universal tempo, the performers often instead playing in two or
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At this point, the
Madwoman is redeemed and her madness lifts. Britten depicts the moment with the Madwoman letting out a joyful, melismatic "Amen", the final note of which resolves onto a long-delayed unison with the full cast – a signal of return and acceptance.
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Here the robing ceremony music returns, as at the start, and the players resume their normal dress. The Abbot reiterates the moral, and bids the audience farewell. The full cast then recess to the same plainsong with which the work began.
184:. Peter F. Alexander has investigated in detail the librettist's contribution to the work, through study of the letters between Plomer and Britten. Mikiko Ishi has done a comparative study of the 'weeping mother' figures in
500:, the flute and horn are used most clearly for this purpose, symbolising the Madwoman and Ferryman respectively. With such a small orchestra, Britten does not use the 'sound worlds' that are clearly demonstrated in his
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I know I am dying... Please bury me here, by the path to this chapel. Then, if travellers from my dear country pass this way, their shadows will fall on my grave, and plant a yew tree in memory of me.
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775:"'Curlew River' Presented at Caramoor Festival; Britten's 'Parable' Is Based on Japanese Noh Play Andrea Velis, as Madwoman, Heads Excellent Cast"
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The
Pilgrims: Edmund Bohan, Edgar Boniface, Patrick Healy, Michael Kehoe, Peter Leeming, William McKinney, David Reed, Gerald Stern, Robert Tasman
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The composer and Viola
Tunnard supervised the first commercial recording of the work, for Decca (Decca SET 301), with the following singers:
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As in many of
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The singers are accompanied by a small group of instrumentalists, dressed as lay brothers. The work is scored for:
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court music. (Britten had become acquainted with this instrument while in Japan for two weeks in
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marked a departure in style for the remainder of the composer's creative life, paving the way for such works as
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Go your way in peace, mother. The dead shall rise again, And in that blessed day, We shall meet in heav'n
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Three assistants (acolytes); Chorus of eight Pilgrims (three tenors, three baritones and two basses).
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127:. The first of Britten's three 'Parables for Church Performance', the work is based on the Japanese
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Alexander, Peter F. (April 1988). "A Study of the Origins of Britten's
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Albright, Daniel (2006). "The River That Flows from Japan to England:
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Percussion (5 small untuned drums, 5 small bells, 1 large tuned gong)
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them, and his spirit appears above the tomb to reassure his mother:
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At the premiere performance the instrumentalists included flutist
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The river people believe that the boy's grave is sacred, that:
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Plomer translated the setting of the original into a Christian
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source dramatic material, Britten incorporated elements of
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Program notes and musical analysis by Christopher Hossfeld
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treatment of theatrical time into this composition.
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119:(Op. 71) is an English music drama, with music by
1953:Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century
2011:
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116:Curlew River – A Parable for Church Performance
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668:Ishii, Mikiko (2005). "The Weeping Mothers in
219:. The original cast included Britten regulars
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1339:Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra
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1507:Canticle I: My beloved is mine and I am his
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485:Britten's chief compositional technique in
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1300:The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra
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1769:Prelude and Fugue on a Theme of Vittoria
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570:Warrack, John (Autumn 1964). "Britten's
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2012:
1718:Sacred and Profane (8 medieval lyrics)
998:, Bunka Digital Library, 7 July 2004.
872:Thomas, Christopher J. (Autumn 1986).
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1268:Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge
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684:(3/4, Fall/Winter 2005–06): 287–305.
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1885:Britten Pears Young Artist Programme
1525:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi
1388:Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
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1009:on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
1967:Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten
1565:Songs and Proverbs of William Blake
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1838:Variations on an Elizabethan Theme
1519:Canticle III: Still falls the rain
917:, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
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971:Britten page, Stanford University
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820:June Emerson (23 January 2011).
599:Bayan Northcott (1 March 2002).
101:Church of St Bartholomew, Orford
55:A Parable for Church Performance
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549:Voice of the Spirit: Bruce Webb
358:To Thee before the close of day
209:St Bartholomew's Church, Orford
1513:Canticle II: Abraham and Isaac
1494:Britten's Purcell realizations
1487:The Holy Sonnets of John Donne
929:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
927:Warrack, John and West, Ewan,
846:David Corkhill (29 May 1999).
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470:, which are derived from the
1799:Nocturnal after John Dowland
1777:Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
990:play, National Noh Theatre (
794:Keith Grant (8 April 2002).
742:Alan Blyth (10 April 2007).
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1895:Snape Maltings Concert Hall
915:The New Penguin Opera Guide
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252:Premiere Cast, 13 June 1964
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2020:Operas by Benjamin Britten
1785:Fanfare for St Edmundsbury
580:. New Series (70): 19–22.
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822:"Richard Adeney obituary"
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1916:Benjamin Britten (train)
1900:The Red House, Aldeburgh
958:20 February 2017 at the
717:Journal of Irish Studies
443:Flute (doubling piccolo)
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310:Robert Carr, Bruce Webb
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2025:English-language operas
1890:Britten-Pears Orchestra
1581:Who Are These Children?
1356:Vocal/Choral Orchestral
933:Oxford University Press
540:Abbot: Harold Blackburn
1788:(three trumpets, 1959)
1549:Songs from the Chinese
913:Holden, Amanda (Ed.),
601:"Schoenberg and after"
353:Te lucis ante terminum
231:on 26 June 1966, with
90:13 June 1964
2050:Operas based on plays
1436:Cantata misericordium
1372:The Company of Heaven
1125:The Turn of the Screw
874:"The Church Parables"
690:10.1353/cdr.2005.0025
510:The Turn of the Screw
420:, double bass player
1830:Homage to Paderewski
1812:String Quartet No. 3
1762:String Quartet No. 2
1756:String Quartet No. 1
1752:(oboe quartet, 1932)
1737:Chamber/Instrumental
1694:A Hymn of St Columba
1640:A Ceremony of Carols
1533:A Charm of Lullabies
1504:(1947–75, including
1085:The Rape of Lucretia
1054:List of compositions
986:, excerpts from the
167:Third String Quartet
46:The composer in 1968
1973:English Opera Group
1909:Named after Britten
1664:Rejoice in the Lamb
1364:Our Hunting Fathers
1284:Sinfonia da Requiem
878:The Opera Quarterly
647:10.1093/ml/69.2.229
634:Music & Letters
217:English Opera Group
1960:Britten's Children
1880:Britten Pears Arts
1875:Aldeburgh Festival
1808:(1964, 1967, 1972)
1710:Children's Crusade
1648:Hymn to St Cecilia
1444:Children's Crusade
1292:Matinées musicales
1061:Opera and operetta
890:10.1093/oq/4.3.178
780:The New York Times
536:John Shirley-Quirk
432:and percussionist
302:Spirit of the boy
283:John Shirley-Quirk
215:, England, by the
137:(Sumida River) by
77:by Juro Motomasa (
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2006:
1702:The Golden Vanity
1672:Five Flower Songs
1632:Advance Democracy
1608:Friday Afternoons
1589:A Birthday Hansel
1420:Cantata academica
1380:Les Illuminations
1326:(1939, rev. 1958)
1320:(1938, rev. 1945)
1260:Soirées musicales
678:Comparative Drama
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1936:Britten Sinfonia
1849:Film adaptations
1750:Phantasy Quartet
1680:Hymn to St Peter
1656:Festival Te Deum
1342:(1940 rev. 1954)
1192:The Prodigal Son
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1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:Saint Nicolas
1393:
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1389:
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1381:
1377:
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1211:Plymouth Town
1208:
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1193:
1189:
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1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
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1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:Owen Wingrave
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:Noye's Fludde
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
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1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
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1019:
1016:
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1000:(in Japanese)
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942:
941:0-19-869164-5
938:
934:
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923:0-14-029312-4
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916:
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910:
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879:
875:
868:
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849:
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827:
823:
816:
801:
797:
796:"Bryan Drake"
790:
783:. p. 40.
782:
781:
776:
772:
766:
751:
750:
745:
738:
730:
726:
722:
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664:
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531:
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512:or Tadzio in
511:
507:
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499:
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
480:
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469:
468:tone clusters
461:Chamber Organ
460:
457:
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451:
448:
445:
442:
441:
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437:
435:
431:
430:Philip Ledger
427:
423:
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415:
414:Neill Sanders
411:
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397:
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156:Owen Wingrave
152:
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140:
136:
132:
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126:
122:
118:
117:
106:
102:
88:
84:
80:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
35:
31:
27:
22:
19:
1977:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1931:Britten Hall
1856:
1836:
1828:
1806:Cello suites
1797:
1792:Cello sonata
1783:
1780:(oboe, 1951)
1775:
1767:
1726:Jubilate Deo
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1687:Missa Brevis
1678:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1624:Te Deum in C
1622:
1614:
1606:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1541:Winter Words
1539:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1337:
1331:Young Apollo
1329:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1190:
1182:
1176:Curlew River
1175:
1174:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1077:Peter Grimes
1075:
1067:
1007:Curlew River
1006:
982:
963:
928:
914:
907:
906:
893:. Retrieved
881:
877:
867:
855:. Retrieved
852:The Guardian
851:
841:
829:. Retrieved
826:The Guardian
825:
815:
803:. Retrieved
800:The Guardian
799:
789:
778:
771:Allen Hughes
765:
753:. Retrieved
749:The Guardian
747:
737:
720:
716:
713:Curlew River
712:
706:
681:
677:
674:Curlew River
673:
669:
663:
638:
632:
629:Curlew River
628:
622:
610:. Retrieved
604:
594:
575:
572:Curlew River
571:
565:
523:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:Curlew River
497:
495:
487:Curlew River
486:
484:
477:
471:
464:
438:
434:James Blades
407:
398:
394:
389:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
357:
351:
348:processional
344:Curlew River
343:
342:
323:Don Garrard
233:Andrea Velis
205:Colin Graham
202:
198:Curlew River
197:
193:
190:Curlew River
189:
185:
171:
160:
154:
151:Curlew River
150:
146:
142:
134:
128:
115:
114:
113:
73:
24:Curlew River
18:
2045:1964 operas
1859:(1989 film)
1857:War Requiem
1611:(1932–1935)
1522:(1954) and
1501:5 Canticles
1428:War Requiem
1311:Concertante
1245:Sinfonietta
1203:Film/Ballet
1069:Paul Bunyan
895:19 February
857:19 February
831:19 February
805:19 February
755:19 February
612:19 February
545:Bryan Drake
543:Traveller:
530:Peter Pears
502:War Requiem
491:heterophony
452:Double Bass
428:, organist
426:Osian Ellis
296:Bryan Drake
268:Peter Pears
249:Voice type
225:Bryan Drake
221:Peter Pears
182:East Anglia
52:Description
2014:Categories
1238:Orchestral
1219:Night Mail
1109:Billy Budd
983:Sumidagawa
931:New York:
670:Sumidagawa
557:References
534:Ferryman:
528:Madwoman:
520:Recordings
424:, harpist
416:, violist
289:Traveller
194:Sumidagawa
186:Sumidagawa
139:Kanze Jūrō
135:Sumidagawa
94:1964-06-13
79:ja:隅田川 (能)
74:Sumidagawa
60:Librettist
1474:(1922–26)
1276:Mont Juic
981:YouTube:
292:baritone
274:Ferryman
259:Madwoman
2001:Category
1516:(1952),
1412:Nocturne
1117:Gloriana
956:Archived
935:, 1992.
729:20538997
723:: 3–13.
698:41154286
335:Synopsis
278:baritone
178:fenlands
165:and the
86:Premiere
70:Based on
1496:(1945)+
1452:Phaedra
908:Sources
213:Suffolk
174:parable
105:Suffolk
92: (
2040:Operas
1868:Legacy
1841:(1953)
1833:(1941)
1814:(1975)
1794:(1961)
1764:(1945)
1758:(1941)
1746:(1931)
1729:(1961)
1721:(1974)
1713:(1968)
1705:(1966)
1697:(1962)
1689:(1959)
1683:(1955)
1675:(1950)
1667:(1943)
1659:(1944)
1651:(1942)
1643:(1942)
1635:(1938)
1627:(1934)
1619:(1933)
1600:Choral
1592:(1975)
1584:(1969)
1576:(1965)
1568:(1965)
1560:(1958)
1552:(1957)
1544:(1954)
1536:(1947)
1528:(1971)
1490:(1945)
1482:(1940)
1455:(1975)
1447:(1969)
1439:(1963)
1431:(1961)
1423:(1959)
1415:(1958)
1407:(1949)
1399:(1948)
1391:(1943)
1383:(1939)
1375:(1937)
1367:(1936)
1348:(1963)
1334:(1939)
1303:(1946)
1295:(1941)
1287:(1940)
1279:(1937)
1271:(1937)
1263:(1937)
1255:(1934)
1247:(1932)
1230:(1956)
1222:(1936)
1214:(1931)
1195:(1968)
1187:(1966)
1179:(1964)
1160:(1973)
1152:(1971)
1144:(1960)
1136:(1958)
1128:(1954)
1120:(1953)
1112:(1951)
1104:(1949)
1096:(1947)
1088:(1946)
1080:(1945)
1072:(1941)
939:
921:
727:
696:
655:855218
653:
586:943936
584:
479:gagaku
315:Abbot
306:treble
203:Under
1463:Vocal
994:) in
992:国立能楽堂
725:JSTOR
694:JSTOR
651:JSTOR
582:JSTOR
577:Tempo
449:Viola
404:Music
263:tenor
246:Role
239:Roles
133:play
30:Opera
937:ISBN
919:ISBN
897:2017
859:2017
833:2017
807:2017
757:2017
614:2017
504:and
455:Harp
446:Horn
319:bass
223:and
988:noh
962:on
886:doi
715:".
686:doi
643:doi
631:".
574:".
489:is
473:shō
180:of
147:noh
143:noh
130:noh
32:by
2016::
1510:,
880:.
876:.
850:.
824:.
798:.
777:.
746:.
721:21
719:.
692:.
682:39
680:.
672:,
649:.
639:69
637:.
603:.
516:.
436:.
211:,
200:.
188:,
169:.
159:,
103:,
1037:e
1030:t
1023:v
899:.
888::
882:4
861:.
835:.
809:.
759:.
731:.
700:.
688::
657:.
645::
616:.
588:.
356:(
96:)
81:)
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