334:
136:
119:
492:
31:
479:
595:
734:
414:
A defined medium that has just enough ingredients to support growth is called a "minimal medium". The number of ingredients that must be added to a minimal medium varies enormously depending on which microorganism is being grown. Minimal media are those that contain the minimum nutrients possible for
921:
on a metabolic gene was shown to be affected by the media type. When performing a study involving several cell lines, utilizing a uniform culture media for all cell lines might reduce the bias in the generated datasets. Using a growth medium that better represents the physiological levels of
699:
DRBC (dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar) is a selective medium for the enumeration of moulds and yeasts in foods. Dichloran and rose bengal restrict the growth of mould colonies, preventing overgrowth of luxuriant species and assisting accurate counting of
745:
Differential or indicator media distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the same medium. This type of media uses the biochemical characteristics of a microorganism growing in the presence of specific nutrients or indicators (such as
892:
Enriched media contain the nutrients required to support the growth of a wide variety of organisms, including some of the more fastidious ones. They are commonly used to harvest as many different types of microbes as are present in the specimen.
281:
or casein hydrolysate, which consist of a mixture of many chemical species in unknown proportions. Undefined media are sometimes chosen based on price and sometimes by necessity – some microorganisms have never been cultured on defined media.
209:
The difference between growth media used for cell culture and those used for microbiological culture is that cells derived from whole organisms and grown in culture often cannot grow without the addition of, for instance,
762:) added to the medium to visibly indicate the defining characteristics of a microorganism. These media are used for the detection of microorganisms and by molecular biologists to detect recombinant strains of bacteria.
232:. One other major difference is that animal cells in culture are often grown on a flat surface to which they attach, and the medium is provided in a liquid form, which covers the cells. In contrast, bacteria such as
329:
Culture media contain all the elements that most bacteria need for growth and are not selective, so they are used for the general cultivation and maintenance of bacteria kept in laboratory culture collections.
245:
versus undefined media. A defined medium will have known quantities of all ingredients. For microorganisms, they consist of providing trace elements and vitamins required by the microbe and especially defined
415:
colony growth, generally without the presence of amino acids, and are often used by microbiologists and geneticists to grow "wild-type" microorganisms. Minimal media can also be used to select for or against
466:
Supplementary minimal media are minimal media that also contains a single selected agent, usually an amino acid or a sugar. This supplementation allows for the culturing of specific lines of
2727:
2620:
169:
provide a solid medium on which microbes may be cultured. They remain solid, as very few bacteria are able to decompose agar (the exception being some species in the genera:
2382:
2289:
523:, then that antibiotic can be added to the medium to prevent other cells, which do not possess the resistance, from growing. Media lacking an amino acid such as
2809:
2722:
2254:
2203:
2310:
2451:
2492:
1646:
1475:
2259:
1827:
1662:
901:
is enriched with heat-treated blood (40–45 °C or 104–113 °F), which turns brown and gives the medium the color for which it is named.
2375:
1860:
2670:
2776:
2368:
871:
Stuart transport medium is a non-nutrient soft agar gel containing a reducing agent to prevent oxidation, and charcoal to neutralize.
1865:
511:
Selective media are used for the growth of only selected microorganisms. For example, if a microorganism is resistant to a certain
1994:
436:
various salts, which may vary among bacteria species and growing conditions; these generally provide essential elements such as
1689:
720:
contains antibiotics (nalidixic acid and colistin) that inhibit Gram-negative organisms, aiding in the selective isolation of
2861:
1987:
1358:
1286:
1195:
1103:
1069:
371:
This is an undefined medium because the amino-acid source contains a variety of compounds; the exact composition is unknown.
301:
process is complete, the combination of medium and dormant microbes, now beer, is ready for consumption. The main types are
228:
or a synthetic serum replacement to the medium. In the case of microorganisms, no such limitations exist, as they are often
2043:
671:
2675:
1404:
1321:
1139:
1042:
978:
1219:"Effects of Media Formulation on the Growth and Morphology of Ectomycorrhizae and Their Association with Host Plant"
2829:
2685:
609:
contains dyes that are toxic for Gram-positive bacteria. It is the selective and differential medium for coliforms.
2690:
1599:"Physiologic Medium Rewires Cellular Metabolism and Reveals Uric Acid as an Endogenous Inhibitor of UMP Synthase"
773:
564:
of a gene confers upon the cell the ability to grow in the selective medium. In such cases, the gene is termed a
2645:
1743:
1380:
2919:
2737:
2511:
2665:
776:
tests) contains bovine heart blood that becomes transparent in the presence of β-hemolytic organisms such as
98:; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed
17:
1251:
587:
is an exception to the rule, as it is used to specifically kill cells that carry its respective marker, the
2732:
2695:
2680:
123:
2914:
1793:
1311:
1737:
1682:
926:
studies and recently such media types, as
Plasmax and human plasma-like medium (HPLM), were developed.
1596:
1171:
874:
Certain bacterial inhibitors are used for gonococci, and buffered glycerol saline for enteric bacilli.
2615:
945:
375:
242:
2766:
2717:
2533:
2425:
2400:
2330:
2198:
2165:
802:
35:
2565:
2335:
2320:
2133:
910:
738:
83:
1540:
Vande Voorde, J; Ackermann, T; Pfetzer, N; Sumpton, D; Mackay, G; Kalna, G; et al. (2019).
149:
The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths (liquid nutrient medium) or
2801:
2700:
2405:
2051:
2037:
2031:
2009:
1961:
1905:
1889:
1719:
940:
897:
is an enriched medium in which nutritionally rich whole blood supplements the basic nutrients.
778:
721:
676:
203:
1059:
850:
Lack of carbon, nitrogen, and organic growth factors so as to prevent microbial multiplication
2758:
2392:
2325:
2228:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1675:
1640:
1469:
1093:
784:
612:
549:
338:
71:
1597:
Cantor JR, Abu-Remaileh M, Kanarek N, Freinkman E, Gao X, Louissaint A; et al. (2017).
1542:"Improving the metabolic fidelity of cancer models with a physiological cell culture medium"
844:
Maintain the viability of all organisms in the specimen without altering their concentration
696:
is selective to certain fungi due to its low pH (5.6) and high glucose concentration (3–4%).
598:
Four types of agar plate demonstrating differential growth depending on bacterial metabolism
430:
a carbon source, which may be a sugar such as glucose, or a less energy-rich source such as
2625:
2315:
2305:
2213:
2155:
2150:
2138:
1553:
1007:
791:
653:
647:
606:
588:
229:
8:
2883:
2824:
2814:
2742:
2528:
2279:
1978:
1934:
1914:
861:
403:
298:
99:
1557:
1011:
333:
2893:
2540:
2017:
1966:
1946:
1879:
1623:
1598:
1574:
1541:
1517:
1490:
1457:
865:
815:
737:
UTI agar is a chromogenic medium for differentiation of main microorganisms that cause
659:
59:
2360:
1187:
1019:
2878:
2710:
2487:
2284:
1884:
1813:
1628:
1579:
1522:
1461:
1449:
1354:
1317:
1292:
1282:
1191:
1135:
1099:
1065:
1038:
974:
683:
224:. In the case of animal cells, this difficulty is often addressed by the addition of
2180:
853:
Transport media used in the isolation of anaerobes must be free of molecular oxygen.
50:
is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of
2888:
2786:
2274:
2160:
1618:
1610:
1569:
1561:
1512:
1502:
1491:"Inferring cancer dependencies on metabolic genes from large-scale genetic screens"
1441:
1346:
1310:
Washington, JA (1996). "Principles of
Diagnosis". In Baron, S; et al. (eds.).
1230:
1183:
1015:
528:
495:
Blood agar plates are often used to diagnose infection. On the right is a positive
398:
266:
234:
82:, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for
2705:
2349:
998:(1995). "Gelrite and agar differently influence cytokinin-sensitivity of a moss".
841:
Temporary storage of specimens being transported to the laboratory for cultivation
548:
to ensure the survival or proliferation of cells with certain properties, such as
533:
unable to synthesize it were commonly used by geneticists before the emergence of
2660:
2560:
2550:
2430:
1799:
1772:
1338:
879:
416:
158:
135:
1350:
917:
experiments, especially for metabolic studies. In addition, the dependence of a
34:
An agar plate – an example of a bacterial growth medium*: Specifically, it is a
2640:
2461:
2456:
2264:
2249:
2218:
2129:
2057:
1873:
1728:
1614:
1445:
914:
898:
809:
806:(group B streptococcus) which grows as distinctive red colonies in this medium.
797:
759:
711:
693:
637:
565:
538:
497:
491:
286:
215:
177:
150:
55:
1507:
294:
2908:
2791:
2585:
2497:
2471:
2466:
2446:
2269:
2193:
1929:
1821:
1667:
1296:
1170:
Corry, Janet E. L.; Curtis, G. D. W.; Baird, Rosamund M., eds. (1995-01-01).
687:
641:
616:
503:
484:
393:
278:
51:
277:
nitrogen sources. An undefined medium has some complex ingredients, such as
118:
102:, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements.
2635:
2580:
2555:
1807:
1632:
1583:
1565:
1526:
1453:
1276:
1274:
935:
627:
580:
545:
520:
457:
293:. The wort contains all the nutrients required for yeast growth, and under
79:
30:
1235:
1218:
94:. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and
75:. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.
2873:
2590:
1840:
1128:
747:
584:
467:
420:
225:
195:
189:
482:
Blood-free, charcoal-based selective medium agar (CSM) for isolation of
354:
An undefined medium (also known as a basal or complex medium) contains:
2849:
2545:
2244:
2208:
2084:
2065:
2003:
1702:
995:
894:
825:
769:
751:
707:
703:
572:
553:
516:
512:
478:
445:
347:
166:
162:
141:
128:
95:
662:
is selective for gram-positive bacteria and differential for mannitol.
2771:
2630:
2170:
2143:
2023:
1955:
1784:
993:
918:
437:
431:
274:
171:
2747:
2655:
2595:
2572:
2344:
2339:
2188:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2071:
1923:
1854:
1846:
1832:
1539:
1275:
Versalovic, James; American
Society for Microbiology, eds. (2011).
923:
717:
665:
576:
534:
441:
263:
259:
251:
211:
183:
107:
87:
656:
is a type cell culture medium that lacks the amino acid histidine.
583:
with a plasmid carrying the neomycin resistance gene as a marker.
2866:
2420:
2123:
524:
453:
270:
255:
220:
200:
561:
449:
367:
a source of amino acids and nitrogen (e.g. beef, yeast extract)
343:
247:
241:
An important distinction between growth media types is that of
1427:
1249:
2819:
2781:
2650:
821:
755:
594:
103:
91:
63:
38:; the orange lines and dots are formed by bacterial colonies.
674:
is selective for certain gram-negative bacteria, especially
2223:
733:
557:
290:
154:
67:
1381:"Culture media: Definition, Types and Preparation Methods"
27:
Solid, liquid or gel used to grow microorganisms or cells
1429:
2390:
631:
620:
78:
The two major types of growth media are those used for
1154:
922:
nutrients can improve the physiological relevance of
110:
and require a growth medium containing living cells.
1057:
86:, which are used for growing microorganisms such as
1172:"Dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar"
1127:
877:Venkataraman Ramakrishna (VR) medium is used for
2906:
1488:
1169:
1155:Catherine A. Ingraham, John L. Ingraham (2000).
199:). Bacteria grown in liquid cultures often form
968:
837:Transport media should fulfill these criteria:
1697:
1316:(4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch.
909:The choice of culture medium might affect the
2376:
1683:
1421:
1645:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1590:
1533:
1482:
1474:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1281:(10th ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press.
1126:Cooper, GM (2000). "Tools of Cell Biology".
579:to select cells that have been successfully
385:no yeast, animal, or plant tissue is present
1092:Parija, Shubhash Chandra (1 January 2009).
1051:
2383:
2369:
2311:Cystine–lactose–electrolyte-deficient agar
1690:
1676:
1336:
1309:
1217:Islam, Ferzana; Ohga, Shoji (2013-03-12).
904:
818:is differential for mannitol fermentation.
378:or synthetic medium) is a medium in which
297:conditions, alcohol is produced. When the
238:may be grown on solid or in liquid media.
153:medium. Liquid media are often mixed with
106:, for example, are obligate intracellular
1622:
1573:
1516:
1506:
1345:, Tokyo: Springer Japan, pp. 25–32,
1234:
1216:
1095:Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology
1085:
812:is differential for lactose fermentation.
794:is differential for lactose fermentation.
285:A good example of a growth medium is the
1223:International Scholarly Research Notices
732:
668:is selective for Gram-negative bacteria.
650:is selective for Gram-negative bacteria.
593:
544:Selective growth media are also used in
490:
477:
332:
134:
117:
29:
2114:
1995:Tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin
1489:Lagziel, S; Lee, WD; Shlomi, T (2019).
1428:Lagziel S, GottliebE, Shlomi T (2020).
1032:
964:
962:
960:
556:. Normally, the presence of a specific
552:or the ability to synthesize a certain
14:
2907:
1378:
1250:Chaitali Bhattacharya; Alok Adholeya.
1125:
1091:
1026:
262:are often used as carbon sources, and
2364:
1988:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
1671:
1303:
1064:. Cambridge University. p. 459.
728:
2044:Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
1710:
1663:"The Nutrient Requirements of Cells"
1252:"Showcasing Ectomycorrhizal Culture"
969:Madigan M, Martinko J, eds. (2005).
957:
704:MMN (Modified Melin-Norkrans) medium
672:Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
452:to allow the bacteria to synthesize
2676:Oxidative/fermentation glucose test
1379:Smriti, Saifun Nahar (2023-09-07).
1343:Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods
1176:Progress in Industrial Microbiology
501:culture; on the left is a positive
426:Minimal medium typically contains:
24:
1405:"Enrichment Culture - an overview"
832:
800:is selective and differential for
718:Columbia Nalidixic Acid (CNA) agar
473:
25:
2931:
2802:Antibiotic susceptibility testing
2609:biochemical and immunologic tests
1656:
887:
2830:Minimum inhibitory concentration
2522:Manual testing: basic techniques
2124:Lactose fermenting gram negative
973:(11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
765:Examples of differential media:
409:
382:all the chemicals used are known
374:A defined medium (also known as
324:
1397:
1372:
1330:
1278:Manual of clinical microbiology
1268:
1243:
1134:. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press.
994:Birgit Hadeler; Sirkka Scholz;
971:Brock Biology of Microorganisms
358:a carbon source such as glucose
2738:Novobiocin susceptibility test
2728:Bacitracin susceptibility test
1210:
1163:
1148:
1130:The Cell: A Molecular Approach
1119:
1098:. Elsevier India. p. 45.
1033:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
987:
13:
1:
2621:Amino acid decarboxylase test
1188:10.1016/s0079-6352(05)80036-0
1058:Hans GĂĽnter Schlegel (1993).
1037:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1020:10.1016/S0176-1617(11)82071-7
951:
857:Examples of transport media:
847:Contain only buffers and salt
634:, deterring bacterial growth.
623:, deterring bacterial growth.
602:Examples of selective media:
2733:Optochin susceptibility test
2696:Sulfide indole motility test
2681:Phenylalanine deaminase test
1313:Baron's Medical Microbiology
1157:Introduction to Microbiology
1035:Sherris Medical Microbiology
824:plates are differential for
389:Examples of nutrient media:
124:Food and Drug Administration
7:
1794:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
1351:10.1007/978-4-431-67875-5_3
1000:Journal of Plant Physiology
929:
571:Selective growth media for
10:
2936:
1738:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1615:10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.023
1446:10.1038/s42255-020-00299-y
666:Xylose lysine deoxycholate
2842:
2800:
2777:Polymerase chain reaction
2756:
2606:
2521:
2510:
2480:
2439:
2413:
2399:
2298:
2237:
2179:
2113:
1977:
1945:
1913:
1904:
1783:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1508:10.1186/s12915-019-0654-4
376:chemically defined medium
157:and poured via a sterile
2767:Analytical profile index
2331:Mannitol motility medium
2199:Dermatophyte test medium
1744:Löwenstein–Jensen medium
1337:Mitsuhashi, Jun (2002),
803:Streptococcus agalactiae
739:urinary tract infections
113:
2321:Glucose phosphate broth
2134:Sorbitol-MacConkey agar
911:physiological relevance
905:Physiological relevance
575:cells commonly contain
541:bacterial chromosomes.
84:microbiological culture
2701:Triple sugar iron test
2052:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2038:Legionella pneumophila
2032:Haemophilus influenzae
1566:10.1126/sciadv.aau7314
1339:"Preparation of Media"
946:Modified Chee's medium
941:Impedance microbiology
779:Streptococcus pyogenes
742:
722:Gram-positive bacteria
677:Legionella pneumophila
599:
508:
488:
351:
146:
132:
39:
2920:Microbiological media
2759:point-of-care testing
2440:Cultures by body site
2393:clinical microbiology
2326:Lauryl tryptose broth
2299:Other/ungrouped media
2166:Simmons' citrate agar
1767:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
1759:Middlebrook 7H11 Agar
1754:Middlebrook 7H10 Agar
1749:Middlebrook 7H9 Broth
1256:bookstore.teri.res.in
1182:. Elsevier: 303–305.
785:Staphylococcus aureus
736:
686:is for gram-positive
597:
550:antibiotic resistance
494:
481:
350:, 9 cm diameter)
339:Physcomitrella patens
336:
230:unicellular organisms
138:
121:
72:Physcomitrella patens
33:
2718:Voges–Proskauer test
2626:Bile solubility test
2481:Cultures by organism
2414:Isolation techniques
2316:Cystine tryptic agar
2306:Brain heart infusion
2290:Zobell's marine agar
2214:Potato dextrose agar
2156:Hektoen enteric agar
2151:Bismuth sulfite agar
2139:Eosin methylene blue
1409:ScienceDirect Topics
1061:General Microbiology
792:Eosin methylene blue
654:HIS-selective medium
648:Hektoen enteric agar
607:Eosin methylene blue
589:Herpes simplex virus
527:in conjunction with
218:which usually occur
126:scientist tests for
100:fastidious organisms
2825:McFarland standards
2815:Disk diffusion test
2810:Beta-lactamase test
2743:Lancefield grouping
2723:X and V factor test
2691:Salt tolerance test
2566:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
2529:Colonial morphology
2336:Mueller–Hinton agar
2280:Trypticase soy agar
2255:Columbia blood agar
1979:Gammaproteobacteria
1915:Alphaproteobacteria
1558:2019SciA....5.7314V
1236:10.1155/2013/317903
1012:1995JPPhy.146..369H
862:Thioglycolate broth
404:trypticase soy agar
165:to solidify. These
58:via the process of
2915:Cell culture media
2894:Inoculation needle
2238:Nonselective media
2115:Differential media
2018:Enterobacteriaceae
2010:Bordet–Gengou agar
1967:New York City agar
1962:Thayer–Martin agar
1947:Betaproteobacteria
1890:Vogel–Johnson agar
1880:Mannitol salt agar
1609:(2): 258–272.e17.
816:Mannitol salt agar
743:
729:Differential media
660:Mannitol salt agar
600:
591:thymidine kinase.
509:
489:
352:
314:differential media
243:chemically defined
147:
133:
60:cell proliferation
40:
2902:
2901:
2879:Biosafety cabinet
2838:
2837:
2686:Reverse CAMP test
2506:
2505:
2488:Bacterial culture
2358:
2357:
2285:Tryptic soy broth
2204:Malt extract agar
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
1900:
1899:
1885:Baird-Parker agar
1814:Bile esculin agar
1440:(12): 1369–1372.
1434:Nature Metabolism
1430:"Mind your media"
1360:978-4-431-70313-6
1288:978-1-55581-463-2
1197:978-0-444-81498-2
1105:978-81-312-2163-1
1071:978-0-521-43980-0
913:of findings from
684:Baird-Parker agar
16:(Redirected from
2927:
2889:Inoculation loop
2787:Rapid strep test
2519:
2518:
2411:
2410:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2275:Plate count agar
2161:Lysine iron agar
1935:Farrell's medium
1911:
1910:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1636:
1626:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1546:Science Advances
1537:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1006:(146): 369–371.
991:
985:
984:
966:
630:agar) has a low
619:agar) has a low
399:plate count agar
346:on agar plates (
235:Escherichia coli
21:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2834:
2796:
2752:
2661:Methyl red test
2608:
2607:Manual testing:
2602:
2561:India ink stain
2551:Acid-fast stain
2514:
2502:
2476:
2452:Genital culture
2435:
2431:Selective media
2403:
2395:
2389:
2359:
2354:
2294:
2233:
2175:
2101:
1973:
1941:
1896:
1779:
1711:Selective media
1705:
1696:
1659:
1654:
1638:
1637:
1595:
1591:
1552:(1): eaau7314.
1538:
1534:
1487:
1483:
1467:
1466:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1308:
1304:
1289:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1244:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1031:
1027:
992:
988:
981:
967:
958:
954:
932:
907:
890:
835:
833:Transport media
731:
712:ectomycorrhizal
476:
474:Selective media
412:
342:plants growing
327:
320:indicator media
317:transport media
311:selective media
159:media dispenser
116:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2757:Automated and
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:Coagulase test
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2523:
2516:
2512:Identification
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2493:Fungal culture
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Throat culture
2459:
2457:Sputum culture
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2408:
2397:
2396:
2391:Techniques in
2388:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Lysogeny broth
2262:
2257:
2252:
2250:Chocolate agar
2247:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:Sabouraud agar
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:MacConkey agar
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:Cetrimide agar
2048:
2047:
2046:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1874:Staphylococcus
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1733:
1731:
1729:Actinomycetota
1722:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1657:External links
1655:
1653:
1652:
1589:
1532:
1481:
1420:
1396:
1371:
1359:
1329:
1322:
1302:
1287:
1267:
1242:
1209:
1196:
1162:
1147:
1140:
1118:
1104:
1084:
1070:
1050:
1043:
1025:
986:
979:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
943:
938:
931:
928:
915:tissue culture
906:
903:
899:Chocolate agar
889:
888:Enriched media
886:
885:
884:
875:
872:
869:
864:is for strict
855:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
834:
831:
830:
829:
819:
813:
810:MacConkey agar
807:
798:Granada medium
795:
789:
760:methylene blue
730:
727:
726:
725:
715:
701:
697:
694:Sabouraud agar
691:
681:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
638:MacConkey agar
635:
624:
610:
498:Staphylococcus
475:
472:
470:recombinants.
464:
463:
460:
434:
411:
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
387:
386:
383:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
326:
323:
322:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
216:growth factors
178:Flavobacterium
151:lysogeny broth
115:
112:
52:microorganisms
48:culture medium
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2932:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:Anaerobic jar
2860:
2856:
2855:Growth medium
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2792:Monospot test
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2498:Viral culture
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2472:Wound culture
2470:
2468:
2467:Urine culture
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:Blood culture
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2351:
2350:Schädler agar
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Nutrient agar
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Letheen broth
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Czapek medium
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Brucella agar
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Gram negative
1903:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:Lactobacillus
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:Gram positive
1717:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1386:
1385:GreenLeen.Com
1382:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1323:0-9631172-1-1
1319:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1141:0-87893-106-6
1137:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1044:0-8385-8529-9
1040:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
982:
980:0-13-144329-1
976:
972:
965:
963:
961:
956:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
927:
925:
920:
916:
912:
902:
900:
896:
882:
881:
876:
873:
870:
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:
838:
827:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:
781:
780:
775:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
740:
735:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:are used for
709:
705:
702:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:staphylococci
685:
682:
679:
678:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:Gram-negative
639:
636:
633:
629:
625:
622:
618:
617:yeast extract
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:
603:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:
505:
504:Streptococcus
500:
499:
493:
487:
486:
485:Campylobacter
480:
471:
469:
461:
459:
458:nucleic acids
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
433:
429:
428:
427:
424:
422:
418:
410:Minimal media
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
394:nutrient agar
392:
391:
390:
384:
381:
380:
379:
377:
372:
366:
364:various salts
363:
360:
357:
356:
355:
349:
345:
341:
340:
335:
331:
325:Culture media
319:
316:
313:
310:
308:minimal media
307:
305:culture media
304:
303:
302:
300:
296:
292:
289:used to make
288:
283:
280:
279:yeast extract
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
239:
237:
236:
231:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
207:
205:
202:
198:
197:
192:
191:
186:
185:
180:
179:
174:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
144:
143:
139:A culture of
137:
131:
130:
125:
120:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:growth medium
37:
32:
19:
18:Culture media
2854:
2666:Nitrite test
2636:Citrate test
2577:Rapid tests
2556:Giemsa stain
2426:Streak plate
2181:Fungal media
2122:
2083:
2064:
2050:
2036:
2030:
2016:
2002:
1993:
1986:
1954:
1922:
1872:
1861:Fraser broth
1853:
1839:
1820:
1808:Enterococcus
1806:
1800:Hoyle's agar
1792:
1773:Eaton's agar
1765:
1736:
1699:Growth media
1698:
1641:cite journal
1606:
1602:
1592:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1470:cite journal
1437:
1433:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:
1374:
1364:, retrieved
1342:
1332:
1312:
1305:
1277:
1270:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1245:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1179:
1175:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1129:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1094:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1060:
1053:
1034:
1028:
1003:
999:
989:
970:
936:Cell culture
908:
891:
878:
856:
836:
801:
783:
777:
764:
744:
675:
628:malt extract
601:
570:
546:cell culture
543:
529:
521:tetracycline
510:
502:
496:
483:
465:
425:
421:exconjugants
417:recombinants
413:
388:
373:
370:
353:
337:
328:
299:fermentation
284:
240:
233:
219:
208:
194:
188:
182:
176:
170:
163:Petri dishes
148:
140:
127:
80:cell culture
77:
70:
47:
43:
41:
36:streak plate
2874:Durham tube
2706:Urease test
2515:and testing
1841:Lactococcus
1703:agar plates
1495:BMC Biology
1229:: e317903.
880:V. cholerae
748:neutral red
585:Gancyclovir
581:transfected
468:auxotrophic
226:blood serum
204:suspensions
196:Alcaligenes
190:Pseudomonas
167:agar plates
96:agar plates
2909:Categories
2850:Agar plate
2646:DNAse test
2546:Gram stain
2245:Blood agar
2209:MMN medium
2085:Salmonella
2066:Salmonella
2004:Bordetella
1828:Lee's Agar
1414:2023-09-07
1390:2023-09-07
1366:2023-09-07
1261:2023-02-04
1203:2020-04-20
996:Ralf Reski
952:References
895:Blood agar
826:lac operon
770:Blood agar
752:phenol red
708:BAF medium
573:eukaryotic
554:metabolite
517:ampicillin
515:, such as
513:antibiotic
446:phosphorus
348:Petri dish
344:axenically
142:Salmonella
129:Salmonella
2884:Incubator
2843:Equipment
2772:MALDI-TOF
2671:ONPG test
2631:CAMP test
2534:Hemolysis
2401:Isolation
2171:TSI slant
2144:Endo agar
2024:VRBD agar
1956:Neisseria
1785:Bacillota
1501:(1): 37.
1462:222319735
1297:657027913
919:cell line
866:anaerobes
772:(used in
700:colonies.
644:bacteria.
438:magnesium
432:succinate
295:anaerobic
275:inorganic
254:sources.
201:colloidal
172:Cytophaga
108:parasites
66:like the
62:or small
2748:RPR test
2656:KOH test
2616:ALA test
2586:Catalase
2573:Wet prep
2541:Staining
2345:R2A agar
2340:PNP agar
2189:BAF agar
2095:XLD agar
2089:Shigella
2079:DCA agar
2072:XLT agar
1924:Brucella
1855:Listeria
1847:M17 agar
1833:MRS agar
1633:28388410
1584:30613774
1527:31039782
1454:33046912
1111:6 August
1077:6 August
930:See also
924:in vitro
828:mutants.
577:neomycin
535:genomics
507:culture.
442:nitrogen
271:nitrates
264:ammonium
260:glycerol
252:nitrogen
212:hormones
184:Bacillus
145:bacteria
88:bacteria
2867:Gas-pak
2581:Oxidase
2421:Asepsis
2406:culture
1624:5421364
1575:6314821
1554:Bibcode
1518:6489231
1008:Bibcode
756:eosin y
741:(UTIs).
640:is for
530:E. coli
525:proline
454:protein
256:Glucose
221:in vivo
104:Viruses
2591:Indole
1866:PALCAM
1631:
1621:
1582:
1572:
1525:
1515:
1460:
1452:
1357:
1320:
1295:
1285:
1194:
1138:
1102:
1068:
1041:
977:
714:fungi.
566:marker
562:allele
560:or an
450:sulfur
448:, and
248:carbon
193:, and
64:plants
2820:Etest
2782:VITEK
2711:rapid
2651:IMViC
1458:S2CID
822:X-gal
774:strep
758:, or
626:MEA (
462:water
361:water
267:salts
161:into
114:Types
92:fungi
56:cells
2404:and
2224:YEPD
1647:link
1629:PMID
1603:Cell
1580:PMID
1523:PMID
1476:link
1450:PMID
1355:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1293:OCLC
1283:ISBN
1227:2013
1192:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1113:2013
1100:ISBN
1079:2013
1066:ISBN
1039:ISBN
975:ISBN
782:and
706:and
558:gene
456:and
291:beer
287:wort
250:and
155:agar
68:moss
2596:PYR
1619:PMC
1611:doi
1607:169
1570:PMC
1562:doi
1513:PMC
1503:doi
1442:doi
1347:doi
1231:doi
1184:doi
1016:doi
1004:146
539:map
537:to
519:or
419:or
273:as
269:or
258:or
214:or
122:US
90:or
54:or
46:or
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750:,
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632:pH
621:pH
613:YM
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440:,
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206:.
187:,
181:,
175:,
42:A
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