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currency to those customers directly. Customers buy or sell digital currency from digital currency exchanges, who transfer the digital currency into or out of the customer's DCP account. Some exchanges are subsidiaries of DCP, but many are legally independent businesses. The denomination of funds kept in DCP accounts may be of a real or fictitious currency.
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Spain, and New York "under charges for conspiracy to commit money laundering and conspiracy and operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business." Budovsky, a former U.S. citizen and naturalized Costa Rican, was convicted in connection with the 2006 Gold Age raid. More than $ 40 million in assets were placed under restraint pending
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Other data points in the survey included the problems that cryptocurrency traders experience with cryptocurrency exchanges and the expectation of traders. Security and high trading fees are the top concerns. The exchanges are all fairly new and privately held. Several do not report basic information
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and could be sent and received anonymously. The receiver could convert the
Liberty Reserve currency back into cash for a small fee. In May 2013, digital currency exchanger Liberty Reserve was shut down after the alleged founder, Arthur Budovsky Belanchuk, and four others were arrested in Costa Rica,
350:
and
Vladimir Kats were indicted "on charges of operating an illegal digital currency exchange and money transmittal business" from their apartments, transmitting more than $ 30 million to digital currency accounts. Customers provided limited identity documentation, and could transfer funds to anyone
505:
conference, financial industry executives said that "regulators must step in to protect crypto investors." Technology analyst Avivah Litan commented on the cryptocurrency ecosystem that "everything...needs to improve dramatically in terms of user experience, controls, safety, customer service." On
291:
The creators of digital currencies are typically independent of the digital currency exchange that facilitate trading in the currency. In one type of system, digital currency providers (DCP) are businesses that keep and administer accounts for their customers, but generally do not issue digital
295:
A digital currency exchange can be a brick-and-mortar business or a strictly online business. As a brick-and-mortar business, it exchanges traditional payment methods and digital currencies. As an online business, it exchanges electronically transferred money and digital currencies.
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to operate a cryptocurrency exchange. China and Korea remain hostile, with China banning bitcoin miners and freezing bank accounts. While
Australia is yet to announce its conclusive regulations on cryptocurrency, it does require its citizens to disclose their digital assets for
608:
maintained that "if a platform offers trading of digital assets that are securities and operates as an "exchange," as defined by the federal securities laws, then the platform must register with the SEC as a national securities exchange or be exempt from registration". The
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Also in July 2008 E-gold's three directors accepted a bargain with the prosecutors and pleaded guilty to one count of "conspiracy to engage in money laundering" and one count of the "operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business". E-gold ceased operations in 2009.
299:
Often, the digital currency exchanges operate outside the
Western countries to avoid regulation and prosecution. However, they do handle Western fiat currencies and maintain bank accounts in several countries to facilitate deposits in various national currencies.
801:
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in 2008 and the subsequent introduction of other cryptocurrencies, many virtual platforms were created specifically for the exchange of decentralized cryptocurrencies. Their regulation differs from country to country.
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1085:"Written testimony of U.S. Secret Service for a Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs hearing titled "Beyond Silk Road: Potential Risks, Threats, and Promises of Virtual Currencies""
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or other digital currencies. Exchanges may accept credit card payments, wire transfers or other forms of payment in exchange for digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. A cryptocurrency exchange can be a
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reported the largest cryptocurrency exchanges based on the volume and estimated revenues data collected by CoinMarketCap. Similar statistics was reported on
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Chatterjee, Sumeet; Davies, Megan; Aftab, Ahmed; McCrank, John; Nguyen, Lananh; Howcroft, Elizabeth; Azhar, Saeed; Sinclair Foley, John (2 December 2022).
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worldwide, with fees sometimes exceeding $ 100,000. Budovsky and Kats were sentenced in 2007 to five years in prison "for engaging in the business of
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changed its rules, affecting many exchanges. Since that time it became prohibited to exchange WebMoney to the most popular e-currencies like E-gold,
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in a survey by
Encrybit to understand cryptocurrency exchange problems. According to the survey, the top three cryptocurrency exchanges are:
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431:. A common approach to cyber money laundering was to use a digital currency exchanger service which converted dollars into
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Inc., a New York state business, was shut down by the U.S. Secret
Service after operating since 2002. Business operators
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Most or all of the missing bitcoins were stolen straight out of the Mt. Gox hot wallet over time, beginning in late 2011
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1744:
732:
Sood, Aditya K; Enbody, Richard J; Bansal, Rohit (2013). "Cybercrime: Dissecting the State of
Underground Enterprise".
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Among the Asian countries, Japan is more forthcoming and regulations mandate the need for a special license from the
203:
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52:
593:. The adequacy of such licenses for the operation of a cryptocurrency exchange has not been judicially tested. The
284:. Some can convert digital currency balances into anonymous prepaid cards which can be used to withdraw funds from
501:". The financial impact of the collapse extended beyond the immediate FTX customer base, as reported, while, at a
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administration to lock/block approximately 58 E-Gold accounts owned and used by The
Bullion Exchange, AnyGoldNow,
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2404:
1014:"#07-301: 04-27-07 Digital Currency Business E-Gold Indicted for Money Laundering and Illegal Money Transmitting"
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2014:
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1836:"The SEC just made it clearer that securities laws apply to most cryptocurrencies and exchanges trading them"
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The
Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups
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proceedings. This was the result of a large theft of bitcoins that were stolen straight out of the Mt. Gox
44:
1501:"Bitcoin briefly touches a new low for the year, FTX token plunges more than 75% in broad crypto sell-off"
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By 2016, several cryptocurrency exchanges operating in the
European Union obtained licenses under the EU
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2007:
1867:"Japanese regulator warns big cryptocurrency exchange for operating without a license, bitcoin falls"
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355:, a felony violation of state banking law", ultimately receiving sentences of five years' probation.
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such as Etherdelta, IDEX and HADAX do not store users' funds on the exchange, but instead facilitate
928:(Press release). Australian Securities & Investments Commission. 9 November 2004. Archived from
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331:-based digital currency exchange businesses voluntarily shut down following an investigation by the
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announced that they will issue regulations to impose stricter rules targeting exchange platforms.
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1928:"China's Regulators Freeze Multiple Bitcoin OTC Accounts in Latest Crackdown on Cryptocurrency"
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768:
303:
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Richet, Jean-Loup (June 2013). "Laundering Money Online: a review of cybercriminals methods".
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as a transaction commission for its service or, as a matching platform, simply charges fees.
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worldwide while other digital currencies are backed by real-world commodities such as gold.
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were seized. The company was estimated to have laundered $ 6 billion in criminal proceeds.
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8:
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1956:
1111:"Digital currency biz Liberty Reserve shut down, founder arrested | by Sean Ludwig"
984:"Millions of dollars in limbo after shuttering of digital currency site Liberty Reserve"
952:
79:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2623:
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such as the names of the owners, financial data, or even the location of the business.
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802:"Draft Report on Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing through New Payment Methods"
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518:, was charged by the US attorney’s office for the southern district of New York with
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that affect other exchanges, but as of mid 2018 suffer from low trading volumes.
770:
Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and Recovery and Compliance – A Global Guide
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378:) and others, forcing G&SR (owner of OmniPay) to liquidate the seized assets.
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In June 2022, the US Securities and Exchange Commission launched an enquiry into
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A cryptocurrency exchange can typically send cryptocurrency to a user's personal
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1805:"Statement on Potentially Unlawful Online Platforms for Trading Digital Assets"
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698:"Substantiation – Money laundering in digital currencies (Unclassified)"
486:
1624:
Rushe, Dominic; Kari, Paul; Hern, Alex; Helmore, Edward (28 December 2022).
1466:
Ostroff, Caitlin; Ge Huang, Vicky; Gladstone, Alexander (11 November 2022).
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1630:
1041:"IDG News Service Internet currency firm pleads guilty to money laundering"
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704:. National Drug Intelligence Center, US Department of Justice. June 2008.
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511:
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1982:"Crypto-Currency Exchanges, Coin Offerings Facing Likely SEC Regulation"
1745:"Leading cryptocurrency exchanges according to traders 2018 | Statistic"
1715:"Expectations of traders from cryptocurrency exchanges 2018 | Statistic"
1298:"Cryptocurrency exchange MyCryptoWallet collapses, calls in liquidators"
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489:, which was at that time the third largest cryptocurrency exchange by
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Some brokerages which also focus on other assets such as stocks, like
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Tax treatment of cryptocurrencies in Australia - specifically bitcoin
335:(ASIC). The ASIC viewed the services offered as legally requiring an
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1593:"After FTX's spectacular collapse, where does crypto go from here?"
1087:. United States Department of Homeland Security. 18 November 2013.
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provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
1206:"Mt. Gox abandons rebuilding plans and files for liquidation: WSJ"
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2719:
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1898:"China's Shutdown of Bitcoin Miners Isn't Just About Electricity"
1626:"FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried charged with defrauding investors"
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in the US court system, following what the exchange termed as "a
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as an entity and not into the crypto products it was dealing in.
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cryptocurrency trading. Decentralized exchanges are resistant to
265:
1267:"Mt. Gox Creditors Seek Trillions Where There Are Only Millions"
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now permits the trading of cryptocurrency derivatives publicly.
101:
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1685:"Traders: biggest problems of cryptoexchanges 2018 | Statistic"
1468:"FTX Files for Bankruptcy; Sam Bankman-Fried Steps Down as CEO"
1289:
888:"Cryptocurrency Exchanges Are Getting Hacked Because It's Easy"
375:
359:
1560:"After FTX collapse, pressure builds for tougher crypto rules"
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2799:
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1359:"Crypto Exchange FTX Valued at $ 18 Billion in Funding Round"
926:"ASIC acts to shut down electronic currency trading websites"
519:
416:
257:
1775:"Bitcoin firm bags first electronic money licence in the UK"
1557:
1435:"FTX Goes Bankrupt in Stunning Reversal for Crypto Exchange"
2182:
2104:
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1174:; Goldstein, Matthew; Tabuchi, Hiroko (28 February 2014).
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in Japan from creditors. In April 2014, the company began
260:, let users purchase but not withdraw cryptocurrencies to
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2440:
1328:"Binance.US Delists Cryptocurrency SEC Deemed A Security"
1142:"Bitcoin exchange Mt Gox files for bankruptcy protection"
322:
1465:
366:, GitGold, The Denver Gold Exchange, GoldPouch Express,
767:
Byrnes, William H.; Munro, Robert J. (2 October 2013).
471:
In December 2021 the MyCryptoWallet exchange called in
342:
In 2006, U.S.-based digital currency exchange business
1170:
384:
886:
Russolillo, Steven; Jeong, Eun-Young (16 July 2018).
1659:"Crypto Exchanges Are Raking in Billions of Dollars"
1623:
1401:"Embattled Crypto Exchange FTX Files for Bankruptcy"
1397:
16:
Trading exchange for crypto- and digital currencies
1399:
581:Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory
381:A few weeks later, E-Gold faced four indictments.
1057:
3097:
1051:
731:
415:In 2013, Jean-Loup Richet, a research fellow at
333:Australian Securities and Investments Commission
228:), is a business that allows customers to trade
885:
854:
852:
850:
848:
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800:Working Group on Typologies (18 October 2010).
530:, and conspiracy to defraud the US and violate
1176:"Erosion of Faith Was Death Knell for Mt. Gox"
977:
975:
760:
272:do allow cryptocurrency withdrawals, however.
2015:
981:
440:, and more than 30 Liberty Reserve exchanger
264:. Dedicated cryptocurrency exchanges such as
843:
1038:
972:
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358:In April 2007, the U.S. government ordered
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2008:
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982:Boddiger, David; Arias, L (24 May 2013).
950:
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204:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:Learn how and when to remove this message
1398:David Yaffe-Bellany (11 November 2022).
1198:
429:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
389:Following the launch of a decentralized
126:of all important aspects of the article.
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1304:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
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1234:
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918:
859:Hesterman, Jennifer L (17 April 2013).
785:(Page number assigned by Google Books.)
720:
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606:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
427:were using in a report written for the
236:for other assets, such as conventional
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990:. San José, Costa Rica. Archived from
906:from the original on 11 September 2018
795:
793:
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702:Money Laundering in Digital Currencies
506:13 December 2022, FTX founder and CEO
323:2004–2008 Pre crypto regulatory issues
122:Please consider expanding the lead to
2994:Decentralized autonomous organization
2003:
1908:from the original on 3 September 2018
1877:from the original on 2 September 2018
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1833:
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1638:from the original on 31 December 2022
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1605:from the original on 28 December 2022
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1480:from the original on 11 November 2022
1447:from the original on 11 November 2022
1426:
1414:from the original on 11 November 2022
1379:from the original on 18 November 2022
1357:Osipovich, Alexander (20 July 2017).
1338:from the original on 20 November 2022
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1228:
1186:from the original on 16 February 2022
1164:
337:Australian Financial Services License
168:providing more context for the reader
3064:
2029:
1979:
1809:U.S. Secured and exchange commission
1590:
1511:from the original on 8 November 2022
1432:
1308:from the original on 7 December 2021
1140:McLannahan, Ben (28 February 2014).
1133:
611:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
493:and valued at $ 18 billion, entered
353:transmitting money without a license
142:
95:
59:
18:
1584:
1523:
1499:Macheel, Tanaya (8 November 2022).
1296:Whitson, Rhiana (7 December 2021).
951:McCullagh, Declan (30 March 2001).
788:
740:(1). IEEE Computer Society: 60–68.
468:over time, beginning in late 2011.
385:2008–2014 advent of crypto currency
13:
1973:
1695:from the original on 12 April 2022
1665:from the original on 29 April 2022
1530:Khalili, Joel (11 November 2022).
1459:
1243:from the original on 19 April 2015
1020:from the original on 29 April 2007
708:from the original on 14 April 2022
447:
14:
3137:
3004:Distributed ledger technology law
1846:from the original on 1 April 2022
1785:from the original on 1 April 2022
1755:from the original on 29 June 2022
1725:from the original on 1 April 2022
1532:"The Fallout of the FTX Collapse"
1433:Hill, Jeremy (11 November 2022).
1265:Popper, Nathaniel (25 May 2016).
1216:from the original on 1 April 2022
1152:from the original on 3 April 2022
1121:from the original on 1 April 2022
1091:from the original on 1 April 2022
34:This article has multiple issues.
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1815:from the original on 9 July 2022
1277:from the original on 5 July 2022
147:
100:
64:
23:
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1920:
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1865:Cheng, Evelyn (23 March 2018).
1858:
1827:
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1767:
1737:
1707:
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1492:
1320:
1103:
1006:
953:"Secret service raids Gold-Age"
114:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
1834:Cheng, Evelyn (7 March 2018).
1657:Russo, Camila (5 March 2018).
1591:Wile, Rob (28 December 2022).
1235:Nilsson, Kim (19 April 2015).
944:
879:
574:
339:, which the companies lacked.
124:provide an accessible overview
1:
680:
591:EU Electronic Money Directive
1980:Rash, Wayne (7 March 2018).
1237:"The missing MtGox bitcoins"
1039:Grant Gross (22 July 2007).
1016:. Usdoj.gov. 24 April 2007.
773:. LexisNexis. p. 2802.
618:Financial Services Authority
275:
7:
2060:Cryptographic hash function
809:Financial Action Task Force
628:
537:
10:
3142:
3111:Digital currency exchanges
865:. CRC Press. p. 218.
587:Payment Services Directive
578:
317:
3047:
3024:Initial exchange offering
2999:Decentralized application
2979:Cryptocurrency in Nigeria
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2915:
2705:
2667:
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2479:
2389:
2339:
2315:
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2037:
665:List of bitcoin companies
245:that typically takes the
222:digital currency exchange
73:This article needs to be
3029:List of cryptocurrencies
2916:Crypto service companies
2707:Cryptocurrency exchanges
1962:3 September 2018 at the
1473:The Wall Street Journal
1364:The Wall Street Journal
892:The Wall Street Journal
734:IEEE Internet Computing
670:Foreign exchange market
304:Decentralized exchanges
218:cryptocurrency exchange
2964:Complementary currency
2065:Decentralized exchange
2050:Cryptocurrency tumbler
831:Cite journal requires
495:bankruptcy proceedings
262:cryptocurrency wallets
3019:Initial coin offering
2974:Cryptocurrency bubble
2500:Basic Attention Token
2070:Decentralized finance
2055:Cryptocurrency wallet
660:Digital gold currency
485:On 11 November 2022,
458:bankruptcy protection
372:Digital Gold Currency
282:cryptocurrency wallet
3014:Environmental impact
2984:Cryptocurrency scams
818:on 11 February 2014.
2669:Inactive currencies
994:on 31 December 2013
746:10.1109/MIC.2012.61
599:European Parliament
419:ISIS, surveyed new
164:improve the article
3106:Private currencies
2124:Proof of authority
2095:Non-fungible token
2075:Distributed ledger
1271:The New York Times
1180:The New York Times
675:Medium of exchange
452:In February 2014,
234:digital currencies
3116:Bitcoin exchanges
3091:
3090:
2911:
2910:
2568:First Digital USD
2385:
2384:
2085:Lightning Network
1938:on 8 January 2018
1334:. 2 August 2022.
1212:. 16 April 2014.
1047:on 14 April 2009.
872:978-1-4665-5761-1
780:978-0-327-17084-6
623:capital gains tax
508:Sam Bankman-Fried
312:security problems
214:
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141:
140:
94:
93:
57:
3133:
3126:Cryptocurrencies
3079:
3078:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3039:Virtual currency
2989:Digital currency
2969:Crypto-anarchism
2861:
2860:
2614:HBAR (Hashgraph)
2597:Other currencies
2228:Ethereum Classic
2155:
2154:
2031:Cryptocurrencies
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
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1934:. Archived from
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1811:. 7 March 2018.
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1069:
1067:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:. Archived from
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
979:
970:
969:
967:
965:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
932:on 23 March 2011
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
883:
877:
876:
856:
841:
840:
834:
829:
827:
819:
817:
811:. Archived from
806:
797:
786:
784:
764:
758:
757:
729:
718:
717:
715:
713:
694:
595:European Council
532:campaign finance
528:money laundering
499:liquidity crisis
423:techniques that
421:money laundering
230:cryptocurrencies
209:
202:
191:
184:
180:
177:
171:
151:
150:
143:
136:
133:
127:
104:
96:
89:
86:
80:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3043:
3009:Double-spending
2959:Blockchain game
2937:
2907:
2859:
2701:
2663:
2592:
2544:
2475:
2381:
2335:
2311:
2295:
2271:
2232:
2207:
2143:
2109:
2033:
2028:
1990:
1988:
1976:
1974:Further reading
1971:
1970:
1964:Wayback Machine
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1781:. 4 July 2016.
1779:arstechnica.com
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1259:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1146:Financial Times
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1056:
1052:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
980:
973:
963:
961:
949:
945:
935:
933:
924:
923:
919:
909:
907:
884:
880:
873:
857:
844:
832:
830:
821:
820:
815:
804:
798:
789:
781:
765:
761:
730:
721:
711:
709:
696:
695:
688:
683:
631:
583:
577:
542:In early 2018,
540:
450:
448:2014 to present
433:Liberty Reserve
406:Liberty Reserve
387:
348:Arthur Budovsky
325:
320:
278:
247:bid–ask spreads
210:
199:
198:
197:
192:
181:
175:
172:
161:
152:
148:
137:
131:
128:
121:
109:This article's
105:
90:
84:
81:
78:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2942:Related topics
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2391:Proof of stake
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2362:Nervos Network
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2216:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2152:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:Proof of stake
2131:
2129:Proof of space
2126:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2100:Smart contract
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1949:
1919:
1888:
1857:
1826:
1796:
1766:
1736:
1706:
1676:
1649:
1616:
1583:
1550:
1522:
1491:
1458:
1440:Bloomberg News
1425:
1407:New York Times
1390:
1349:
1319:
1288:
1257:
1227:
1197:
1172:Abrams, Rachel
1163:
1132:
1102:
1071:
1050:
1031:
1005:
988:The Tico Times
971:
943:
917:
878:
871:
842:
833:|journal=
787:
779:
759:
719:
685:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Cryptocurrency
647:
642:
637:
630:
627:
576:
573:
568:
567:
562:
557:
544:Bloomberg News
539:
536:
510:, after being
449:
446:
425:cybercriminals
400:In July 2008,
391:cryptocurrency
386:
383:
327:In 2004 three
324:
321:
319:
316:
277:
274:
212:
211:
194:
193:
155:
153:
146:
139:
138:
118:the key points
108:
106:
99:
92:
91:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3138:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:LocalBitcoins
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:ItBit (Paxos)
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:RandomX-based
2298:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:Proof of work
2146:
2140:
2139:Proof of work
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1664:
1661:. Bloomberg.
1660:
1653:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1019:
1015:
1009:
993:
989:
985:
978:
976:
960:
959:
954:
947:
931:
927:
921:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
874:
868:
864:
863:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
838:
825:
814:
810:
803:
796:
794:
792:
782:
776:
772:
771:
763:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
724:
707:
703:
699:
693:
691:
686:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
626:
624:
619:
614:
612:
607:
604:In 2018, the
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
582:
572:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
549:
545:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
476:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
445:
443:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
409:
407:
403:
398:
395:
392:
382:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
208:
205:
190:
187:
179:
176:November 2020
169:
165:
159:
156:This article
154:
145:
144:
135:
132:November 2020
125:
119:
117:
112:
107:
103:
98:
97:
88:
85:November 2020
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3093:
3080:
3068:
3056:
2933:Initiative Q
2706:
2286:Bitcoin Gold
2178:Counterparty
2173:Bitcoin Cash
1989:. Retrieved
1985:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1932:Yicai Global
1931:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1839:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1808:
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1748:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1718:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1631:The Guardian
1629:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1596:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1563:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1535:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1504:
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1438:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1405:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1362:
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1301:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1270:
1260:
1252:
1245:. Retrieved
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1179:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1053:
1045:the original
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:the original
987:
962:. Retrieved
956:
946:
934:. Retrieved
930:the original
920:
910:11 September
908:. Retrieved
891:
881:
861:
824:cite journal
813:the original
769:
762:
737:
733:
710:. Retrieved
701:
655:Cryptography
615:
603:
584:
569:
541:
484:
477:
470:
451:
442:domain names
414:
410:
408:and others.
399:
388:
380:
357:
341:
326:
308:peer-to-peer
302:
298:
294:
290:
279:
251:
243:market maker
225:
221:
217:
215:
200:
182:
173:
162:Please help
157:
129:
113:
111:lead section
82:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3034:Token money
2923:Hyperledger
2795:EDX Markets
2659:WhopperCoin
2550:Stablecoins
1942:3 September
1912:3 September
1896:Hsu, Sara.
1881:2 September
1850:3 September
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1729:3 September
1699:3 September
1642:31 December
1609:28 December
1576:28 December
1543:28 December
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1451:28 December
1418:11 November
1383:28 December
1342:20 November
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1024:11 December
575:Legislation
473:liquidators
462:liquidation
374:, based on
3100:Categories
2954:BitLicense
2898:QuadrigaCX
2881:bankruptcy
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2790:Crypto.com
2677:BitConnect
2629:MobileCoin
2393:currencies
2252:Bitconnect
2247:Auroracoin
2151:currencies
2117:mechanisms
2045:Blockchain
2038:Technology
1966:ato.gov.au
1312:7 December
1281:9 December
1220:9 December
1095:11 January
712:11 January
681:References
640:Blockchain
579:See also:
526:to commit
524:conspiracy
512:extradited
466:hot wallet
438:forfeiture
329:Australian
238:fiat money
39:improve it
2785:Coincheck
2687:KodakCoin
2530:Shiba Inu
2515:KodakCoin
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2431:Injective
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2367:Primecoin
2115:Consensus
1373:0099-9660
1210:The Verge
1065:1310.2368
998:9 January
964:9 January
936:9 January
900:0099-9660
807:. Paris:
514:from the
276:Operation
254:Robinhood
116:summarize
45:talk page
3058:Category
2780:Coinbase
2760:Bitstamp
2740:Bitpanda
2730:bitFlyer
2725:Bitfinex
2649:SafeMoon
2609:Filecoin
2588:USD Coin
2451:Polkadot
2446:Peercoin
2426:Gridcoin
2420:Ethereum
2400:Algorand
2377:Vertcoin
2347:AmbaCoin
2277:Equihash
2267:Litecoin
2262:Dogecoin
2222:Ethereum
2198:Peercoin
2193:Namecoin
2188:MazaCoin
2090:MetaMask
1960:Archived
1906:Archived
1875:Archived
1844:Archived
1813:Archived
1783:Archived
1753:Archived
1749:Statista
1723:Archived
1719:Statista
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1689:Statista
1663:Archived
1636:Archived
1603:Archived
1598:NBC News
1570:Archived
1509:Archived
1478:Archived
1445:Archived
1412:Archived
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1336:Archived
1306:Archived
1302:ABC News
1275:Archived
1241:Archived
1214:Archived
1184:Archived
1150:Archived
1119:Archived
1089:Archived
1018:Archived
904:Archived
754:33861214
706:Archived
629:See also
597:and the
589:and the
560:Coinbase
548:Statista
538:Examples
402:WebMoney
344:Gold Age
270:Coinbase
3121:Bitcoin
3070:Commons
2949:Airdrop
2928:IQ.Wiki
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2864:Defunct
2850:Uniswap
2810:Genesis
2745:Bithumb
2720:Binance
2692:OneCoin
2654:Stellar
2535:The DAO
2525:Polygon
2495:Aventus
2410:Cardano
2203:Titcoin
2168:Bitcoin
2159:SHA-256
1991:9 March
1819:5 April
1789:5 April
1669:10 June
1565:Reuters
1190:11 June
1156:11 June
645:CoinJar
635:Bitcoin
555:Binance
516:Bahamas
503:Reuters
480:Binance
454:Mt. Gox
394:bitcoin
364:IceGold
318:History
266:Binance
220:, or a
75:updated
2903:Thodex
2830:Kucoin
2825:Kraken
2805:Gemini
2775:Circle
2750:BitMEX
2735:Bitkub
2682:Coinye
2644:Ripple
2619:Helium
2583:Tether
2483:tokens
2481:ERC-20
2456:Solana
2415:EOS.IO
2319:-based
2307:Monero
2279:-based
2257:Coinye
2240:-based
2238:Scrypt
2215:-based
2213:Ethash
2161:-based
1902:Forbes
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565:Kraken
534:laws.
491:volume
376:e-gold
360:E-Gold
2871:BTC-e
2855:Upbit
2815:Huobi
2800:eToro
2755:Bitso
2697:Petro
2578:Terra
2520:Minds
2490:Augur
2466:Tezos
2461:Steem
2422:(2.0)
2372:Verge
2340:Other
2331:Petro
2291:Zcash
2224:(1.0)
1986:eWeek
1537:Wired
1060:arXiv
958:Wired
816:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
750:S2CID
520:fraud
417:ESSEC
258:eToro
3082:List
2835:Kuna
2765:BTCC
2715:Abra
2634:Nano
2624:Luna
2604:Chia
2563:Diem
2540:TRON
2357:IOTA
2352:Firo
2326:Dash
2183:LBRY
2105:Web3
2080:Fork
1993:2018
1944:2018
1914:2018
1883:2018
1871:CNBC
1852:2018
1840:CNBC
1821:2018
1791:2018
1761:2018
1731:2018
1701:2018
1671:2018
1644:2022
1611:2022
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1545:2022
1517:2022
1505:CNBC
1486:2022
1453:2022
1420:2022
1385:2022
1369:ISSN
1344:2022
1314:2021
1283:2017
1249:2015
1222:2017
1192:2018
1158:2018
1127:2013
1097:2014
1026:2013
1000:2014
966:2014
938:2014
912:2018
896:ISSN
867:ISBN
837:help
775:ISBN
714:2014
368:1MDC
286:ATMs
268:and
256:and
2876:FTX
2840:OKX
2770:BUX
2639:NEO
2573:Pax
2558:Dai
2510:Kin
2471:TON
2441:Nxt
2436:Kin
2317:X11
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