20:
235:: This method depends on the pressure contrasts between different openings within the occupied space. For rooms that only feature a single opening, the ventilation is impelled by turbulence, thereby creating a pumping activity on that lone opening, causing small inflows and outflows. It is worth noting that single-sided ventilation has a weak effect. It is preferable when cross ventilation is not achievable, where it uses windows or vents at the other side of the space to control air pressure.
213:
467:
241:: Being unsophisticated and efficacious, this type of ventilation is a horizontal process that is driven by pressure differences between the windward and leeward sides of the occupied indoor environment. Ventilation here is generally provided using windows and vents at either side of a building where the variation in pressure draw air in and out.
144:, the cons include its effects being unproductive on hot, still days, when it is most necessary. Moreover, cross ventilation is generally only suitable for narrow buildings. The contrasting height of the openings (walls, sill, panels or furniture) ordered by the space also immediately influence the level and velocity of ventilation.
851:
120:
on the side facing the wind, and/or low pressure on the adjacent protected side, will make a current of air through the room from the uncovered side towards the sheltered side. If there are windows on both sides in a building, cross ventilation is appropriate where the width of the room is up to five
152:
Cross ventilation works well in climates with hotter temperatures, where the system allows continual changes of the air within the building, refreshing it and reducing the temperature inside the structure and also when the window on the windward side of the building is not opened as much as the one
108:
downwind side of the establishment (because of the pressure difference between the openings). A wind's effect on a structure creates regions that have positive pressure on the building's upwind area and a negative pressure on the downwind side. Thus, the building shape and local wind patterns are
89:
The phenomenon occurs when openings in an environment (including vehicles) or building (houses, factories, sheds, etc) are set on opposite or adjoining walls, which allow air to enter and exit, thus creating a current of air across the interior environment. Windows or vents positioned on opposite
160:
and is conjugated with another window on the opposite side of a building will supply natural ventilation for fresh air. A decent and effective cross ventilation will remove heat from the interior and keep indoor air temperatures approximately 1.5 °C (2.7°F) below the outdoor air temperatures,
677:
For rooms with single opening, the calculation of ventilation rate is more complicated than cross ventilation due to the bi-directional flow and strong turbulent effect. The ventilation rate for single-sided ventilation can be accurately predicted by combining different models for mean flow,
279:
261:. It draws cooler air in at a lower level, whereby the air rises thereafter due to heat exposure before it is ventilated out at a higher level. Benefits from temperature compartmentalization and related pressure quality of the air, whereby warm air loses
683:
184:
provides the least effectivity. The wind surrounding building structures is important when it comes to assessing the air quality and thermal comfort indoors since both air and heat exchange rely heavily on the wind pressure on the
462:{\displaystyle Q=U_{\textrm {wind}}{\sqrt {\frac {C_{\textrm {p1}}-C_{\textrm {p2}}}{1/\left(A_{\textrm {1}}^{2}C_{\textrm {1}}^{2}\right)+1/\left(A_{\textrm {2}}^{2}C_{\textrm {2}}^{2}\right)}}}\qquad {}\left(1\right)}
2554:
121:
times the floor-to-ceiling height. If openings are only one side then wind-driven ventilation is more suited for structures where the width is around 2.5 times the floor to ceiling height.
34:, fresh air or a breeze enters upon an opening, such as a window, and flows directly through the space and exits through an opening on the opposite side of the building (where the
498:
556:
527:
672:
643:
614:
585:
846:{\displaystyle {\bar {Q}}={\frac {C_{d}\;l\;{\sqrt {Cp}}\;\int \limits _{z_{0}}^{h}{\sqrt {-{\frac {2\;\Delta \;P(z)}{\rho }}}}\,\mathrm {d} z}{z_{ref}^{1/7}}}\;{\bar {U}}}
914:
251:
structure. The openings allow a way for noise to move between spaces. It can provide a much higher air-exchange rate in comparison with single-sided ventilation.
153:
on the leeward side. Cross ventilation will not be efficacious if the windows are more than 12m apart and if a window is behind a door that is regularly shut.
2504:
919:
As observed in the equation (1), the air exchange depends linearly on the wind speed in the urban place where the architectural project will be built. CFD (
2534:
2670:
1109:
97:
difference between the opposite sides of the establishment. The effect is mostly driven by the wind, whereby the air is pulled into the building on the
1061:
2549:
2042:
1291:
999:
2544:
2476:
90:
sides of the room allow passive breezes a pathway through the structure, which circulate the air and provide passive cooling.
189:. For the best airflow, the windward windows of the occupied space should not be opened as much as those on the leeward side.
2349:
2509:
2471:
1124:"Analysis of Ventilation Efficiency and Effective Ventilation Flow Rate for Wind-driven Single-sided Ventilation Buildings"
196:
and directions (which may create a strong unpleasant draft), and the polluted air from the outside that may tarnish the
2332:
1049:
2374:
2087:
1623:
1352:
1000:"Cross-ventilation in a generic isolated building equipped with louvers: Wind-tunnel experiments and CFD simulations"
141:
1443:
2700:
2524:
2338:
1718:
1198:
1172:
274:
For a simple volume with two openings, the cross wind flow rate can be calculated using the following equation:
1282:
2680:
2675:
2486:
2430:
2425:
2002:
1530:
133:
and how much wind is available, its potential travel through chimneys, vents and other openings in the home.
19:
2705:
2695:
2047:
1598:
1519:
1478:
1229:(2012). "A New Empirical Model for Predicting Single-Sided, Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation in Buildings".
920:
558:
is a local pressure drag coefficient for the building, defined at the location of the downstream opening;
2715:
2710:
2390:
2192:
1703:
1638:
1556:
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529:
is a local pressure drag coefficient for the building, defined at the location of the upstream opening;
474:
2539:
2420:
2127:
1892:
1736:
678:
pulsating flow and eddy penetration. The mean flow rate for single-sided ventilation is determined by:
57:
and heat in an indoor environment, cross ventilation can also decrease or even obviate the need for an
50:
532:
503:
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2451:
2415:
2217:
1847:
1802:
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648:
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177:
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2481:
2410:
2354:
2286:
2182:
2097:
2007:
1972:
1448:
890:
257:: This ventilation is a vertical process and it's beneficiary for taller buildings with central
2624:
2586:
2466:
2177:
1608:
1214:. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. 2009.
998:
Kosutova, Katarina; Van Hooff, Twan; Vanderwel, Christina; Blocken, Bert; Hensen, Jan (2019).
985:
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1997:
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162:
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can be installed to improve cross-breezes. Air quality may also affect cross ventilation.
8:
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1724:
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when air is being moved by the cross ventilation from an unclean area into a clean area.
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923:) tools and zonal modelings are usually used to design naturally ventilated buildings.
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197:
62:
129:
Cross ventilation relies on many factors, such as the tightness of the establishment,
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1174:
Roadmap to improve and ensure good indoor ventilation in the context of COVID-19
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2012:
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Cross
Ventilation, the Chimney Effect and Other Concepts of Natural Ventilation
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can assist wind-driven ventilation by guiding air in and out of structures.
216:
In a windcatcher, wind is forced down on the windward side and exits on the
2619:
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1372:
936:
924:
876:= elevation of neural level (where inside and outside pressure balance);
39:
1148:
1139:
885:= reference elevation where the wind velocity is measured (at 10 m) and
2385:
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2052:
1982:
1932:
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1942:
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Although cross ventilation is generally more direct at its job than
2327:
2261:
1762:
1562:
1362:
1337:
1312:
101:
1837:
1509:
1122:
Zhou, Junli; Hua, Yong; Xiao, Yuan; Ye, Cheng; Yang, Wei (2021).
997:
248:
217:
186:
2514:
2266:
2072:
1822:
247:: Involving banked rooms, this method features openings in the
173:
46:
42:
across the room from the exposed area to the sheltered area.
38:
is lower). This produces a cool stream of air and as well as a
23:
Cross-breezes work when two windows are opposite of each other.
1290:
116:
If the windows on both sides of the buildings are opened, the
2529:
1962:
200:. Moreover, cross ventilation is not recommended for use in
192:
Disadvantages of wind-driven ventilation include capricious
2037:
1957:
180:
can also work as effective ventilation openings, though an
31:
645:
is the discharge coefficient of the upstream opening; and
45:
Cross ventilation is a wind-driven effect and requires no
1170:
212:
49:, in addition to being the most effective method of wind
1199:
ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES - HME09 – NATURAL VENTILATION
674:
is the discharge coefficient of the downstream opening.
616:
is the cross-sectional area of the downstream opening;
1218:
893:
686:
651:
622:
593:
587:
is the cross-sectional area of the upstream opening;
564:
535:
506:
477:
282:
228:
There are four different types of cross ventilation:
908:
845:
666:
637:
608:
579:
550:
521:
492:
461:
916:= mean wind velocity at the reference elevation.
2657:
1204:
265:when it rises and the cooler air supplants it.
165:and outflow of fresh air inside the building.
1276:
1121:
867:= elevation of the top edge of the window;
65:. Other terms used for the effect include,
2671:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
2043:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
1292:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
1283:
1269:
830:
768:
764:
730:
719:
715:
1147:
1026:
789:
113:that force airflow through its openings.
2477:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
1224:
1088:HACK architecture | Newcastle Architects
245:Cross ventilation (double-banked spaces)
211:
18:
981:
979:
977:
2658:
986:Wind ventilation and cross ventilation
53:. A commonly used technique to remove
2350:Programmable communicating thermostat
1264:
168:Besides windows, other openings like
2472:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
974:
1086:The Importance of Cross-ventilation
13:
2333:Minimum efficiency reporting value
1171:World Health Organization (2021).
791:
765:
493:{\displaystyle U_{\textrm {wind}}}
16:Movement of air through a building
14:
2732:
2375:Standard temperature and pressure
2088:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1624:Passive daytime radiative cooling
1353:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
1201:International Finance Corporation
239:Cross ventilation (single spaces)
1444:Absorption-compression heat pump
1128:Aerosol and Air Quality Research
551:{\displaystyle C_{\textrm {p2}}}
522:{\displaystyle C_{\textrm {p1}}}
161:ensuring that there is a steady
147:
2339:Normal temperature and pressure
1719:Vapor-compression refrigeration
1192:
1164:
667:{\displaystyle C_{\textrm {2}}}
638:{\displaystyle C_{\textrm {1}}}
609:{\displaystyle A_{\textrm {2}}}
580:{\displaystyle A_{\textrm {1}}}
445:
1115:
1110:Natural Ventilation Strategies
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1028:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.019
991:
900:
837:
778:
772:
693:
156:An opened window that faces a
104:part and is pushed out on the
30:is a natural phenomenon where
1:
2487:Testing, adjusting, balancing
2431:Building information modeling
2426:Building services engineering
2003:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
1531:Demand controlled ventilation
1479:Building insulation materials
1251:10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.07.028
1076:Designing Buildings Ltd. 2022
1050:Basics of Natural Ventilation
967:
500:is the far-field wind speed;
2048:High-pressure cut-off switch
1599:Ice storage air conditioning
1520:Dedicated outdoor air system
921:Computational Fluid Dynamics
7:
2391:Thermostatic radiator valve
2193:Thermostatic radiator valve
1704:Underfloor air distribution
1639:Radiant heating and cooling
1557:Energy recovery ventilation
1469:Automobile air conditioning
1333:Domestic energy consumption
1180:. World Health Organization
930:
269:
10:
2737:
2540:Institute of Refrigeration
2421:Architectural technologist
1893:Electrostatic precipitator
909:{\displaystyle {\bar {U}}}
176:or ventilation grills and
124:
84:
2602:
2593:Volatile organic compound
2568:
2495:
2452:Environmental engineering
2416:Architectural engineering
2399:
2247:
2218:Ultra-low particulate air
1803:Automatic balancing valve
1750:
1731:Variable refrigerant flow
1583:Heat recovery ventilation
1526:Deep water source cooling
1436:
1298:
2640:Template:Home automation
2462:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
2158:Solar-assisted heat pump
1758:Air conditioner inverter
1537:Displacement ventilation
1428:Vapour pressure of water
1413:Thermal destratification
1007:Building and Environment
233:Single-sided ventilation
207:
187:exterior of the building
2635:World Refrigeration Day
2482:Refrigerant reclamation
2411:Architectural acoustics
2355:Programmable thermostat
2287:Clean air delivery rate
2183:Thermal expansion valve
2098:Pressurisation ductwork
2008:Ground source heat pump
1449:Absorption refrigerator
861:= width of the window;
75:wind effect ventilation
2701:Architectural elements
2625:Glossary of HVAC terms
2587:Sick building syndrome
2467:Mechanical engineering
2178:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1609:Mixed-mode ventilation
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847:
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225:
79:cross-flow ventilation
24:
2645:Template:Solar energy
2323:Intelligent buildings
2282:Carbon dioxide sensor
1669:Room air distribution
1489:Central solar heating
952:Room air distribution
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2676:Sustainable building
2447:Duct leakage testing
2437:Deep energy retrofit
2381:Thermographic camera
2318:Infrared thermometer
1793:Air source heat pump
1742:Water heat recycling
1308:Air changes per hour
1231:Energy and Buildings
988:Connection Magazines
891:
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2706:Low-energy building
2696:Passive ventilation
2313:HVAC control system
2303:Home energy monitor
2277:Building automation
2063:Inverter compressor
1725:Variable air volume
1634:Passive ventilation
1604:Kitchen ventilation
1504:Constant air volume
1474:Autonomous building
1243:2012EneBu..54..386W
1140:10.4209/aaqr.200383
1064:ArchDaily 2008-2022
1019:2019BuEnv.154..263K
947:Passive ventilation
827:
435:
418:
380:
363:
109:critical in making
2716:Physical phenomena
2711:Cooling technology
2576:Indoor air quality
2520:ASTM International
2457:Hydronic balancing
2234:Wood-burning stove
2113:Radiator reflector
1898:Evaporative cooler
1709:Underfloor heating
1694:Thermal insulation
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202:disease prevention
198:indoor air quality
63:indoor air quality
25:
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2148:Scroll compressor
2103:Process duct work
1858:Convection heater
1853:Condensing boiler
1783:Air-mixing plenum
1679:Solar combisystem
1515:Cross ventilation
1318:Building envelope
1098:CROSS VENTILATION
1074:Cross ventilation
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255:Stack ventilation
142:stack ventilation
28:Cross ventilation
2728:
2615:Building science
2370:Smart thermostat
2365:Room temperature
1948:Fireplace insert
1654:Radon mitigation
1552:Electric heating
1547:District heating
1542:District cooling
1459:Air conditioning
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220:side, using the
135:Casement windows
93:There is also a
61:and can improve
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2691:Passive cooling
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2610:ASHRAE Handbook
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2582:Passive smoking
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2224:Whole-house fan
2138:Run-around coil
2133:Reversing valve
2078:Mechanical room
2068:Kerosene heater
2058:Infrared heater
1988:Gasoline heater
1928:Fan filter unit
1843:Condensate pump
1828:Centrifugal fan
1746:
1649:Radiant heating
1644:Radiant cooling
1619:Passive cooling
1614:Microgeneration
1484:Central heating
1432:
1408:Thermal comfort
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1212:ASHRAE Handbook
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957:Thermal comfort
942:Passive cooling
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2597:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Psychrometrics
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2257:Air flow meter
2253:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Heating system
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2013:Heat exchanger
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Gas compressor
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Expansion tank
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Ceramic heater
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Solar air heat
1671:
1666:
1664:Renewable heat
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1573:Forced-air gas
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:Thermodynamics
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Psychrometrics
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Gas compressor
1345:
1343:Fluid dynamics
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1225:Wang, Haojie;
1217:
1203:
1191:
1163:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
990:
972:
971:
969:
966:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
932:
929:
902:
899:
882:
873:
839:
836:
825:
821:
817:
812:
809:
806:
802:
797:
793:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
767:
763:
757:
750:
743:
739:
734:
727:
724:
718:
712:
708:
701:
695:
692:
655:
626:
597:
568:
539:
510:
481:
457:
454:
451:
439:
433:
422:
416:
405:
400:
395:
391:
388:
384:
378:
367:
361:
350:
345:
340:
336:
323:
319:
308:
292:
288:
285:
271:
268:
267:
266:
252:
242:
236:
209:
206:
149:
146:
131:wind direction
126:
123:
111:wind pressures
86:
83:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2733:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:organizations
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Duct cleaning
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Control valve
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:Turning vanes
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Thermal wheel
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Solar chimney
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:Fan coil unit
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:Cooling tower
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Vapor barrier
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Solar heating
1687:
1685:
1684:Solar cooling
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Refrigeration
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Passive house
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Chilled water
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Sensible heat
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Noise control
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:Heat transfer
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:Chen, Qingyan
1221:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:(5): 200383.
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1112:Window Master
1111:
1106:
1100:2030 PALETTE®
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
982:
980:
978:
973:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
928:
926:
922:
917:
897:
886:
881:
877:
872:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
853:
834:
823:
819:
815:
810:
807:
804:
800:
795:
782:
775:
769:
761:
755:
748:
741:
737:
732:
725:
722:
716:
710:
706:
699:
690:
679:
675:
653:
624:
595:
566:
537:
508:
479:
469:
455:
452:
449:
437:
431:
420:
414:
403:
398:
393:
389:
386:
382:
376:
365:
359:
348:
343:
338:
334:
321:
317:
306:
290:
286:
283:
275:
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
229:
223:
219:
214:
205:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
183:
182:awning window
179:
175:
171:
170:brise soleils
166:
164:
159:
154:
148:Effectiveness
145:
143:
138:
136:
132:
122:
119:
114:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:high pressure
96:
91:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
2620:Fireproofing
2404:and services
2400:Professions,
2298:Gas detector
2198:Trickle vent
2173:Smoke damper
2168:Smoke canopy
2163:Space heater
2093:Plenum space
2028:Heating film
1908:Exhaust hood
1878:Dehumidifier
1818:Blast damper
1813:Barrier pipe
1788:Air purifier
1699:Thermosiphon
1578:Free cooling
1514:
1494:Chilled beam
1418:Thermal mass
1403:Stack effect
1388:Particulates
1368:Infiltration
1299:Fundamental
1234:
1230:
1220:
1211:
1206:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1173:
1166:
1149:11343/280700
1131:
1127:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1010:
1006:
993:
962:Stack effect
925:Windcatchers
918:
887:
879:
878:
870:
869:
864:
863:
858:
857:
854:
680:
676:
470:
276:
273:
254:
244:
238:
232:
227:
222:stack effect
191:
167:
155:
151:
139:
128:
118:overpressure
115:
106:low pressure
92:
88:
78:
74:
70:
67:cross-breeze
66:
44:
36:air pressure
27:
26:
2666:Ventilation
2630:Warm Spaces
2272:Blower door
2250:and control
2248:Measurement
2229:Windcatcher
2203:Trombe wall
2143:Sail switch
2123:Refrigerant
2118:Recuperator
1993:Grease duct
1953:Freeze stat
1938:Fire damper
1808:Back boiler
1778:Air ionizer
1773:Air handler
1737:Ventilation
1589:Hybrid heat
1454:Air barrier
1373:Latent heat
1237:: 386–394.
1013:: 263–280.
937:Windcatcher
194:wind speeds
71:cross-draft
51:ventilation
2660:Categories
2386:Thermostat
2308:Humidistat
2239:Zone valve
2208:TurboSwing
2083:Oil heater
2053:Humidifier
1983:Gas heater
1933:Fan heater
1903:Evaporator
1888:Economizer
1863:Compressor
1768:Air filter
1751:Components
1568:Forced-air
1464:Antifreeze
1437:Technology
1383:Outgassing
1323:Convection
968:References
55:pollutants
2496:Industry
2345:OpenTherm
2023:Heat pump
2018:Heat pipe
1968:Fume hood
1943:Fireplace
1848:Condenser
1798:Attic fan
1594:Hydronics
1184:10 August
1158:230593586
1052:CoolVent
1037:116029282
901:¯
838:¯
783:ρ
766:Δ
756:−
733:∫
694:¯
318:−
172:, doors,
2603:See also
2328:LonWorks
2262:Aquastat
2128:Register
2108:Radiator
1763:Air door
1563:Firestop
1363:Humidity
1338:Enthalpy
1328:Dilution
1313:Bake-out
1301:concepts
931:See also
270:Equation
102:windward
95:pressure
2402:trades,
1973:Furnace
1838:Chiller
1510:Coolant
1239:Bibcode
1015:Bibcode
263:density
259:atriums
249:hallway
218:leeward
174:louvers
125:Factors
85:Process
40:current
2555:SMACNA
2515:ASHRAE
2335:(MERV)
2289:(CADR)
2267:BACnet
2220:(ULPA)
2073:Louver
1998:Grille
1873:Damper
1823:Boiler
1721:(VCRS)
1522:(DOAS)
1156:
1035:
855:where
471:where
163:inflow
47:energy
2595:(VOC)
2589:(SBS)
2578:(IAQ)
2535:CIBSE
2530:BSRIA
2433:(BIM)
2377:(STP)
2341:(NTP)
1963:Freon
1733:(VRF)
1727:(VAV)
1585:(HRV)
1559:(ERV)
1533:(DCV)
1506:(CAV)
1178:(PDF)
1154:S2CID
1033:S2CID
1003:(PDF)
208:Types
178:ducts
2721:Wind
2550:LEED
2510:AMCA
2505:AHRI
2038:HEPA
1958:Flue
1883:Duct
1186:2023
485:wind
296:wind
77:and
32:wind
2560:UMC
2545:IIR
2525:BRE
1918:Fan
1247:doi
1144:hdl
1136:doi
1023:doi
1011:154
883:ref
2662::
1245:.
1235:54
1233:.
1152:.
1142:.
1132:21
1130:.
1126:.
1031:.
1021:.
1009:.
1005:.
976:^
543:p2
514:p1
327:p2
312:p1
81:.
73:,
69:,
1284:e
1277:t
1270:v
1253:.
1249::
1241::
1188:.
1160:.
1146::
1138::
1039:.
1025::
1017::
898:U
880:z
874:0
871:z
865:h
859:l
835:U
824:7
820:/
816:1
811:f
808:e
805:r
801:z
796:z
792:d
779:)
776:z
773:(
770:P
762:2
749:h
742:0
738:z
726:p
723:C
717:l
711:d
707:C
700:=
691:Q
659:2
654:C
630:1
625:C
601:2
596:A
572:1
567:A
538:C
509:C
480:U
456:)
453:1
450:(
438:)
432:2
426:2
421:C
415:2
409:2
404:A
399:(
394:/
390:1
387:+
383:)
377:2
371:1
366:C
360:2
354:1
349:A
344:(
339:/
335:1
322:C
307:C
291:U
287:=
284:Q
224:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
