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overpressure will rupture eardrums in about 1% of subjects, and a 45 psi overpressure will cause eardrum rupture in about 99% of all subjects. The threshold for lung damage occurs at about 15 psi blast overpressure. A 35-45 psi overpressure may cause 1% fatalities, and 55 to 65 psi overpressure may cause 99% fatalities."
194:
It is important to note that the above table details the effects of overpressure on the human body in a building affected by a blast of overpressure waves, as clarified later in the journal. "The human body can survive relatively high blast overpressure without experiencing barotrauma. A 5 psi blast
198:
According to documents released by the United States
Military Defense Technical Information Center, or DTIC, "Human beings have about a 50:50 chance of surviving 500 psi, but will probably be severely injured at 70-100 psi. Exposed eardrums will be ruptured 50% of the time at 15 psi. However, a
75:
Blast overpressure (BOP), also known as high energy impulse noise, is a damaging outcome of explosive detonations and firing of weapons. Exposure to BOP shock waves alone results in injury predominantly to the hollow organ systems such as auditory, respiratory, and gastrointestinal
480:
353:"Pulmonary Biochemical and Histological Alterations after Repeated Low-Level Blast Overpressure Exposures", Nabil M. Elsayed, and Nikolai V. Gorbunov, Toxicological Sciences, 2007 95(1):289-296, online version 2006,
266:
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398:
381:
478:, Bodurtha Jr., Frank T. & Bonifaz, Cristobal, "Laboratory barricade", issued October 2, 1984
20:
432:
Weibull, Hans R. W. (1968). "Pressures
Recorded in Partially Closed Chambers at Explosion of TNT Charges".
50:
324:= (cubic meters) volume of given area (primarily used to determine volume within an enclosed space)
354:
67:
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standing man will be blown away at about 10 f/s velocity by a shock of 25 psi peak pressure."
510:
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Moderate damage to houses (windows and doors blown out and severe damage to roofs)
49:, and the resulting overpressure receives particular attention when measuring the
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Overpressure in an enclosed space is determined using "Weibull's formula":
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calculated using all explosive materials and their relative effectiveness
261:{\displaystyle \Delta p=22.5\left({m \over V}\right)^{0.72}{\text{bars}}}
19:
This article is about shock waves in the atmosphere. For other uses, see
42:
34:
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Heavily built concrete buildings are severely damaged or demolished
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http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/95/1/289
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Reinforced concrete buildings severely damaged or demolished
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20 pounds per square inch (140 kPa; 1.4 bar)
162:
10 pounds per square inch (69 kPa; 0.69 bar)
102:
1 pound per square inch (6.9 kPa; 0.069 bar)
147:
5 pounds per square inch (34 kPa; 0.34 bar)
132:
3 pounds per square inch (21 kPa; 0.21 bar)
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2 pounds per square inch (14 kPa; 0.14 bar)
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474:
368:"Real-life Hurt Locker: how bomb-proof suits work"
316:
289:
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155:Injuries are universal, fatalities are widespread
152:Most buildings collapse except concrete buildings
140:Serious injuries are common, fatalities may occur
492:
399:"1) Effects of blast pressure on the human body"
382:"1) Effects of blast pressure on the human body"
88:experts can protect against the effects of BOP.
274:22.5 is a constant based on experimentation
434:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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286:
125:People injured by flying glass and debris
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65:According to an article in the journal
493:
365:
416:"1) Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives"
110:Light injuries from fragments occur
41:. The shock wave may be caused by
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454:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11987.x
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203:Calculation for an enclosed space
137:Residential structures collapse
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366:Pavlus, John (March 4, 2010).
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33:) is the pressure caused by a
1:
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21:Overpressure (disambiguation)
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16:Pressure due to a shockwave
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51:effects of nuclear weapons
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185:Fatalities approach 100%
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291:
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170:Most people are killed
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68:Toxicological Sciences
37:over and above normal
476:US patent 4474052
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107:Window glass shatters
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39:atmospheric pressure
446:1968NYASA.152..357W
317:{\displaystyle V\,}
290:{\displaystyle m\,}
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299:net explosive mass
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31:blast overpressure
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55:thermobaric bombs
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440:(1): 357–361.
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297:= (kilograms)
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335:Bomb disposal
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27:Overpressure
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511:Shock waves
506:Explosives
495:Categories
341:References
43:sonic boom
35:shock wave
217:Δ
47:explosion
501:Pressure
462:84258773
329:See also
97:Effects
84:worn by
82:EOD suit
76:systems.
442:Bibcode
270:where:
61:Effects
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45:or by
458:S2CID
419:(PDF)
402:(PDF)
385:(PDF)
255:bars
249:0.72
226:22.5
29:(or
450:doi
438:152
80:An
53:or
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311:V
284:m
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239:V
236:m
231:(
223:=
220:p
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.