557:, the Muscogee towns (the "Upper Creeks") supported the British, while the Hitchiti- and Mikasuki-speaking towns, and other non-Muscogean-speaking groups (the "Lower Creeks") mostly gravitated to the emerging United States and to Spain. One exception was the Alachua Seminoles under Ahaya, by then the largest "Seminole" village in Florida, who remained loyal to the British. Ahaya always responded when called on by Governor Tonyn to help repel rebel invasions from Georgia, which were often led by the same Jonathan Bryan who had tried to grab the Alachua Seminole's land.
36:
533:
terms." In 1767, two
British traders were killed when they tried to interfere with Seminoles who were stealing cattle. The British called a conference to deal with the killings. The British wanted to maintain good relations with the Seminoles. Philoke, from Ahaya's town of Cuscowilla, who was the father of two of the Seminoles involved in the killing, was given a great medal by the British.
740:
Paynes
Prairie, or the Alachua Savanna, as William Bartram called it, is subject to periodic flooding, most famously in the period from 1871 or 1873 until 1891, when it was known as Alachua Lake and steamboats traversed it. Andersen states that the prairie flooded shortly after the Oconee founded the
549:
of
Florida issued an arrest warrant for him. The British felt it necessary to ask Ahaya and other chiefs in Florida if they intended to go to war over the issue. Bryan backed down, saying that he had not purchased a large amount of land, but had merely leased grazing rights to a small area. According
540:
of
Georgia hatched a scheme to acquire a large area of land in Florida. Bryan persuaded chiefs of the Lower Towns of the Muscogee Confederation to cede lands in Florida, including the area around the Alachua Savanna, to him. Ahaya was shocked when the bold man traveled as far south as Payne's Prairie
532:
In late
December 1765, Ahaya traveled to St. Augustine with 60 of his people, and stayed there for eight days. Ahaya received a great medal and other gifts and provisions from the British. Governor Grant was impressed with Ahaya's intelligence, and reported that he and Ahaya had "parted on the best
390:
people and the collapse of the
Spanish mission network in Florida at the beginning of the 18th century, many peoples of what is now the state of Georgia, including the Oconees, used Florida as a vast hunting ground. Ahaya may have become familiar with the lands surrounding the Alachua Savanna (now
435:
The Oconee became unhappy living among the Lower Towns of the Creek
Confederacy, perhaps because too many close, sometimes hostile, neighboring towns made it hard to find fresh agricultural land when it became necessary to relocate to new fields. About the year 1750, Ahaya led his people south to
528:
The
British believed that the Lower Towns of the Muscogee Confederation controlled the land and people of Florida. The Treaty of Picolata ceded 2,000,000 acres (810,000 ha) in Florida to the British. Cowkeeper was not present for the conference at Picolata, and Weoffke signed the treaty for
496:
The smell of decaying fish and swarms of mosquitoes drove the
Alachua Seminoles to abandon their original town site, and move to a new town, called "Cuscowilla", a couple of miles from the Alachua Savanna. A town named "Lockway" was reported to be on the edge of a savanna (presumably the Alachua
688:
federation. (Boyd and Harris remark that whites were unable to consistently and accurately render Native
American names in writing.) Porter further cites mentions of Seepeycoffee in connection with Brim and his successors. Seepeycoffee was the guardian of Brim's grandson (Seepeycoffee's nephew)
628:
Bartram reported that Ahaya was waited on by Yamasee slaves. The Yamasee slaves at Cuscowilla spoke Spanish and wore Spanish-style crucifixes, indicating that they may have been previously resident at a Spanish mission village. According to Bartram, the Yamasee slaves were fairly well treated.
436:
Florida, intending to settle somewhere near the Atlantic coast. The Oconee's migration reached the country around the Alachua Savanna, or Paynes Prairie, where they stopped. The area around Paynes Prairie is part of the Middle Florida Hammock Belt, a series of mixed hardwood and pine
529:
Cuscowilla. Ahaya reportedly missed the conference because of family illness, but he may have been separating himself from the Muscogee Confederation. The British gave medals, two great and four small, to some of the chiefs at the conference, in proportion to their importance.
248:
Some sources state that the Oconees moved to Florida under a chief named "Secoffee", and that it was Secoffee who was called "Cowkeeper". Kenneth Porter argues that Cowkeeper and Secoffee were different people, and finds "nothing to support the claim and much to disprove it".
328:(called the "Creek Confederacy" by the British). The term "Seminole" was first applied to Ahaya's band in Alachua. After 1763, when they took over Florida from the Spanish, the British called all natives living in Florida "Seminoles", "Creeks", or "Seminole-Creeks".
452:
which had been abandoned early in the 18th century. The herds the Oconee gathered from those feral cattle led the British to call Ahaya "Cowkeeper." The Oconee established a town, called "Alachua", "Latchaway" or "Latchewie", on the edge of the savanna or prairie.
422:
people moved to Florida and settled in the vicinity of St. Augustine. The Spanish government tried to entice peoples from the Lower Towns of the Creek Confederacy to move to unoccupied lands in Florida, but were unable to supply enough gifts to satisfy them. The
708:
about Secoffee leading the Oconees to Florida, and concludes that "Cowkeeper" was Secoffee's nickname. Porter characterizes the story of Secoffee leading the Alachua Seminoles as, "according to Sprague, as paraphrased by Brinton who is then quoted by
525:, near St. Augustine, resulting in the Treaty of Picolata. Representatives of 30 towns in the Muscogee Confederation attended the conference, with Cuscowilla and Apalachee Old Field (Tallahassee) being the only towns in East Florida represented.
319:
have no "r" sound, replacing it with "l"). The British wrote the name as "Semallone", later "Seminole". The use of "cimallon" by bands in Florida to describe themselves may have been intended to distinguish themselves from the primarily
379:, among the Hitchiti- and Mikasuki-speaking Lower Towns of the Muscogee Confederacy. The Oconee move has been attributed to a desire by the Oconees to distance themselves from whites encroaching on their town and hunting grounds.
208:, which eventually became "Seminoles" in English. Ahaya fought the Spanish, and sought friendship with the British, allying with them after Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain in 1763, and staying loyal to them through the
689:
Tugulki, who became chief of Coweta in 1755 or 1756. Seepeycoffee accompanied Tugulki to meetings with British and Spanish officials into the 1770s. Porter traces the mistaken identification to John T. Sprague's 1848 book,
564:, Ahaya asked the British to take him with them. He also told the British that he would kill any Spaniard that entered his territory. After Ahaya's death in 1784, relations between the Seminoles and the Spanish improved.
492:
and expressed his hatred both for the Spanish and for any Indian tribes allied with them. He explained that he had had a vision that he would not find peace in the afterlife unless he killed 100 Spaniards.
484:). Ahaya and his band fought the Yamasees and remnants of the Timucua, who were allied with the Spanish. A Seminole tradition held that the Seminoles had killed most of the Yamasee men in a battle near the
245:, gives Cowkeeper's Oconee name as "Ahaya". ("Ahaya" is a rare Seminole name.) Boyd and Harris also state that the leader of the Alachua Seminoles was known to the English as "Ahaya" or "Cowkeeper".
456:
The new town of Alachua soon was one of the three largest established in Florida by people from the Muscogee Confederation. The Oconees in Alachua were joined by Hitchiti-speakers from the towns of
427:
of the Lower Towns found the gifts and trade goods of the British to be much more desirable than those of the Spanish, and many continued to join the British in raids into Spanish Florida.
339:, with "Seminoles" or "Alachua Seminoles" often referring only to the people who had lived around the Alachua Prairie prior to 1813, and owed allegiance to Ahaya and his successors,
584:
or "the flower hunter," and gave him free rein to explore his lands. Ahaya's people served Bartram a sweet "thin drink", and a jelly made from the roots of a local
57:
741:
town of Alachua, and that when the lake drained some years later, it left many fish stranded, creating the conditions that led the people of Alachua to move.
488:
and married their women. The Alachua Seminoles still owned many Yamasee slaves when Bartram visited them in 1773. In 1757, Ahaya visited the Governor of the
472:. The various Muskogean-speaking bands, who were coming to be known as Seminoles, continued to harass the Spanish, pushing them back into St. Augustine and
1564:
1574:
609:
house in the middle of the square. Several hundred people lived in the town, with others in outlying villages. Each house had a garden, growing
277:, meaning that the ranch was named after the sinkhole. The Spanish called a large area in the interior of Florida west of the St. Johns River,
1584:
518:
514:
44:
509:, in exchange for territory west of the Mississippi River, Ahaya was overjoyed. Ahaya traveled to St. Augustine in 1764 to meet with
331:
While the name "Seminole" was commonly applied by whites to all Native Americans in Florida, even as late as 1842, at the end of the
267:
was located on a bluff overlooking a sinkhole, now called the "Alachua Sink", that drains Paynes Prairie. There is evidence that the
882:
Hann, John H. (1992). "Heathen Acuera, Murder, and a Potano Cimarrona: The St. Johns River and the Alachua Prairie in the 1670s".
731:
William Bartram visited the site of Oconee Old Town in 1777, and stated that the town had been abandoned about 50 years earlier.
237:, who visited the Alachua Seminoles and has provided much of what we know about the man, refers to him only as "the Cowkeeper".
1579:
1482:
1405:
1559:
449:
392:
580:
traveled to Cuscowilla in the company of traders who had established a store there. Ahaya welcomed Bartam, called him
1530:
950:
1569:
550:
to the Indian Superintendent John Stuart, Ahaya was no longer connected with the Muscogee Confederation by 1774.
437:
617:. Common fields stretched 2 miles (3.2 km) from the town to the edge of the Alachua Savanna. They gathered
644:
440:
with the best soils in central Florida. The Oconee found abundant game and fish in the area, as well as many
335:, US Army officers referred to various bands in Florida as Seminoles, Mikasukis, Tallahassees, Creeks, and
300:
561:
461:
209:
17:
325:
594:, and sweetened with honey. The Alachua Seminoles also consumed beef, and some pork and wild game.
226:
722:
to refer to christianized natives who had left their mission villages to live "wild" in the woods.
1207:
Gold, Robert L. (1965). "The East Florida Indians under Spanish and English Control: 1763-1765".
542:
424:
49:
945:(Revised (1985) ed.). Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press. pp. 317–318.
598:
510:
404:
1549:
281:. English-speakers who ventured into interior Florida called the area "the Alachua Country".
1554:
681:
415:
372:
8:
1492:
Porter, Kenneth W. (1949). "The Founder of the "Seminole Nation" Secoffee or Cowkeeper".
554:
506:
489:
400:
376:
332:
316:
315:-speakers who had settled in Florida identified themselves to the British as "cimallon" (
193:
1509:
1461:
1432:
1415:
Boyd, Mark F.; Harris, Joseph W. (1951). "The Seminole War: Its Background and Onset".
1345:
1224:
899:
864:
618:
481:
473:
368:
238:
197:
1129:
1526:
1501:
1478:
1453:
1424:
1401:
1337:
1216:
1141:
946:
891:
856:
701:
321:
312:
541:
to carve his name into a red oak tree, but his allies quickly intervened. Governor
396:
296:
268:
261:, the name of the largest ranch in 17th century Spanish Florida. The center of the
1444:
Covington, James W. (1968). "Migration of the Seminoles into Florida, 1700-1820".
847:
Monaco, Chris (2000). "Fort Mitchell and the Settlement of the Alachua Country".
693:
622:
573:
485:
304:
234:
225:
The chief of the Alachua band of Seminoles was usually called "Cowkeeper" by the
1328:
Porter, Charlotte M. (1992). "William Bartram's Travels in the Indian Nations".
1523:
Creeks and Seminoles: The Destruction and Regeneration of the Muscogulge People
606:
537:
477:
1525:(Paperback (1990) ed.). Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
560:
In 1783, when the British ceded Florida back to Spain following defeat in the
545:
of Georgia informed the Lower Town Muscogee of Bryan's trickery, and Governor
1543:
1505:
1457:
1428:
1341:
1220:
1145:
895:
860:
676:
Porter identifies "Secoffee" as a variant spelling of "Seepeycoffee", son of
591:
546:
522:
364:
263:
189:
521:, convened a conference with towns of the Muscogee Confederation in 1765 at
441:
1048:
677:
577:
230:
188:, as he held a very large herd of cattle. Ahaya was the chief of a town of
602:
515:
Indian Superintendent of the Southern Department of British North America
445:
411:
407:. Ahaya, who had become chief of his town, led 45 men to join the siege.
403:, mounted an invasion into Spanish Florida, laying siege to its capitol,
180:(c. 1710 – 1783) was the first recorded chief of the Alachua band of the
1513:
1465:
1436:
1349:
1228:
903:
868:
654:
340:
196:. Around 1750 he led his people into Florida where they settled around
141:
105:
614:
383:
497:
Savanna) in 1767. This may have been the original site of the town.
685:
465:
457:
360:
348:
308:
212:. He died shortly after Britain returned Florida to Spain in 1783.
181:
156:
92:
836:. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Geological Survey. pp. 20–21.
204:, "Alachua Country" in English. The Spanish called Ahaya's people
1049:"Geography of central Florida (FGS:13th Annual Report) 1919-1920"
1005:
419:
387:
35:
586:
505:
In 1763, when Spain ceded Florida to the British following the
469:
1291:
910:
1097:
610:
344:
336:
145:
1308:
1306:
1281:
1279:
1277:
983:
981:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1240:
1238:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
968:
966:
964:
962:
1152:
1017:
776:
774:
772:
770:
1373:
1303:
1274:
1176:
978:
813:
801:
691:
The origin, progress, and conclusion of the Florida War.
1356:
1235:
1188:
1078:
959:
791:
789:
698:
Early history of the Creek Indians and their neighbors,
289:
The name "Seminole" likely is derived from the Spanish
1262:
1164:
1109:
1066:
993:
767:
1477:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
1250:
1029:
922:
786:
755:
375:. In the late 1720s the Oconee people moved to the
1541:
718:In the 17th century the Spanish in Florida used
155:First recorded chief of the Alachua band of the
295:, meaning "wild or untamed", as opposed to the
1398:Paynes Prairie: A History of the Great Prairie
290:
272:
1565:Native Americans in the American Revolution
367:, who lived in a town at a site now called
1414:
1323:
1321:
1285:
1091:
807:
780:
395:) on hunting trips into Florida. In 1740,
1575:Native American people of the Indian Wars
1472:
1443:
1379:
1367:
1312:
1244:
1194:
1182:
1103:
1023:
1011:
987:
972:
500:
1395:
1268:
1170:
1158:
1130:"Paynes Prairie: Biography of a Wetland"
1115:
1072:
999:
834:Florida Place-Names of Indian Derivation
299:natives who had previously lived in the
60:of all important aspects of the article.
1318:
831:
14:
1542:
1520:
1491:
1400:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press.
1327:
1297:
1256:
1127:
1035:
928:
916:
846:
819:
795:
761:
369:"Oconee Old Town", on the Oconee River
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
940:
243:John Stuart and the southern frontier
184:tribe. European-Americans called him
1585:18th-century Native American leaders
1206:
881:
517:. The new governor of East Florida,
324:-speakers of the Upper Towns of the
29:
684:, one of the founding towns of the
24:
1128:Meindl, Christopher (1996-08-15).
943:History of the Second Seminole War
601:dwelling houses arranged around a
200:, part of what the Spanish called
25:
1596:
1494:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1446:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1417:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1330:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1209:The Florida Historical Quarterly
884:The Florida Historical Quarterly
849:The Florida Historical Quarterly
706:Notes on the Floridian peninsula
257:The name "Alachua" derives from
34:
1200:
1121:
1041:
934:
734:
725:
712:
48:may be too short to adequately
1521:Wright, J. Leitch Jr. (1986).
875:
840:
825:
670:
645:Chief of the Alachua Seminoles
448:, descendants of the herds on
58:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
832:Simpson, J. Clarence (1956).
748:
567:
430:
354:
27:Seminole Chief (c. 1710–1783)
1580:18th-century Seminole people
1473:Covington, James W. (1993).
597:Cuscowilla had about thirty
382:After the decimation of the
7:
1560:People from Spanish Florida
284:
10:
1601:
1389:
562:American Revolutionary War
410:After their defeat in the
252:
210:American Revolutionary War
651:
642:
634:
371:, in what is now central
171:
163:
151:
136:
128:
120:
115:
111:
99:
91:Originally Oconee, later
90:
86:
79:
1475:The Seminoles of Florida
1300:, pp. 113–114, 126.
919:, pp. 4–5, 104–105.
663:
572:In 1774, the naturalist
553:At the beginning of the
414:(1715–1718) against the
271:word for "sinkhole" was
220:
215:
1396:Andersen, Lars (2001).
1014:, p. 302, note 48.
941:Mahon, John K. (1967).
480:coast south of the old
273:
1570:Chiefs of the Seminole
1286:Boyd & Harris 1951
1134:The Florida Geographer
1092:Boyd & Harris 1951
808:Boyd & Harris 1951
781:Boyd & Harris 1951
501:Relations with British
399:, the governor of the
359:Ahaya was born to the
291:
1106:, pp. 347, 350.
536:In the early 1770s,
416:Province of Carolina
326:Muscogee Confederacy
822:, pp. 362–384.
555:American Revolution
490:Province of Georgia
401:Province of Georgia
377:Chattahoochee River
333:Second Seminole War
317:Muskogean languages
264:hacienda de la Chua
241:, in his 1944 book
194:Chattahoochee River
1055:. pp. 104–105
482:Apalachee Province
279:tierras de la Chua
239:John Richard Alden
202:tierras de la chua
1484:978-0-8130-1196-7
1407:978-1-56164-225-0
1161:, pp. 48–49.
702:Daniel G. Brinton
661:
660:
652:Succeeded by
229:while they ruled
175:
174:
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
1592:
1536:
1517:
1488:
1469:
1440:
1411:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1026:, pp. 9–11.
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
976:
970:
957:
956:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
907:
879:
873:
872:
844:
838:
837:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
784:
778:
765:
759:
742:
738:
732:
729:
723:
716:
710:
674:
635:Preceded by
632:
631:
507:Seven Years' War
397:James Oglethorpe
294:
276:
116:Personal details
102:
77:
76:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1485:
1408:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
979:
971:
960:
953:
939:
935:
927:
923:
915:
911:
880:
876:
855:(1): 2 note 7.
845:
841:
830:
826:
818:
814:
810:, pp. 6–7.
806:
802:
794:
787:
779:
768:
760:
756:
751:
746:
745:
739:
735:
730:
726:
717:
713:
694:John R. Swanton
675:
671:
666:
657:
648:
640:
574:William Bartram
570:
503:
486:St. Johns River
450:Spanish ranches
433:
357:
305:Spanish Florida
287:
255:
235:William Bartram
223:
218:
198:Payne's Prairie
100:
82:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1598:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1518:
1500:(4): 362–384.
1489:
1483:
1470:
1452:(4): 340–357.
1441:
1412:
1406:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:, p. 347.
1380:Covington 1968
1372:
1368:Covington 1993
1355:
1317:
1315:, p. 350.
1313:Covington 1968
1302:
1290:
1273:
1261:
1259:, p. 109.
1249:
1245:Covington 1993
1234:
1199:
1195:Covington 1993
1187:
1185:, p. 349.
1183:Covington 1968
1175:
1163:
1151:
1120:
1108:
1104:Covington 1968
1096:
1077:
1065:
1040:
1038:, p. 362.
1028:
1024:Covington 1993
1016:
1012:Covington 1993
1004:
992:
990:, p. 346.
988:Covington 1968
977:
973:Covington 1993
958:
951:
933:
931:, p. 364.
921:
909:
890:(4): 451–474.
874:
839:
824:
812:
800:
798:, p. 379.
785:
766:
764:, p. 381.
753:
752:
750:
747:
744:
743:
733:
724:
711:
696:, in his 1922
668:
667:
665:
662:
659:
658:
653:
650:
641:
636:
569:
566:
538:Jonathan Bryan
502:
499:
432:
429:
418:, many of the
393:Paynes Prairie
356:
353:
347:(Bowlegs) and
307:. Some of the
286:
283:
254:
251:
222:
219:
217:
214:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
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138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
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118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1597:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1532:0-8032-9728-9
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1376:
1370:, p. 13.
1369:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1288:, p. 10.
1287:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1271:, p. 57.
1270:
1269:Andersen 2001
1265:
1258:
1253:
1247:, p. 19.
1246:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1197:, p. 17.
1196:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1173:, p. 50.
1172:
1171:Andersen 2001
1167:
1160:
1159:Andersen 2001
1155:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1118:, p. 49.
1117:
1116:Andersen 2001
1112:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1075:, p. 48.
1074:
1073:Andersen 2001
1069:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1002:, p. 47.
1001:
1000:Andersen 2001
996:
989:
984:
982:
975:, p. 12.
974:
969:
967:
965:
963:
954:
952:0-8130-1097-7
948:
944:
937:
930:
925:
918:
913:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
835:
828:
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
792:
790:
782:
777:
775:
773:
771:
763:
758:
754:
737:
728:
721:
715:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
687:
683:
679:
673:
669:
656:
649:?–1783
647:
646:
639:
633:
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
590:, related to
589:
588:
583:
579:
575:
565:
563:
558:
556:
551:
548:
547:Patrick Tonyn
544:
539:
534:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
498:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
428:
426:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
405:St. Augustine
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:christianized
293:
282:
280:
275:
270:
266:
265:
260:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:Oconee people
187:
183:
179:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
107:
104:
98:
94:
89:
85:
78:
69:
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1550:1710s births
1522:
1497:
1493:
1474:
1449:
1445:
1423:(1): 3–115.
1420:
1416:
1397:
1375:
1333:
1329:
1293:
1264:
1252:
1215:(1/2): 116.
1212:
1208:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1094:, p. 9.
1068:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:ufdc.ufl.edu
1052:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
942:
936:
924:
912:
887:
883:
877:
852:
848:
842:
833:
827:
815:
803:
783:, p. 8.
757:
736:
727:
719:
714:
705:
697:
690:
672:
643:
637:
627:
613:, beans and
596:
592:sarsaparilla
585:
581:
578:Philadelphia
571:
559:
552:
543:James Wright
535:
531:
527:
504:
495:
462:Apalachicola
460:, Tomathli,
455:
442:feral cattle
434:
409:
381:
358:
330:
303:villages of
288:
278:
262:
258:
256:
247:
242:
231:East Florida
224:
205:
201:
185:
177:
176:
101:Succeeded by
63:
47:
45:lead section
1555:1783 deaths
1298:Wright 1986
1257:Wright 1986
1036:Porter 1949
929:Porter 1949
917:Wright 1986
820:Porter 1949
796:Porter 1949
762:Porter 1949
680:, chief of
623:wild potato
603:town square
582:Puc Puggee,
519:James Grant
511:John Stuart
412:Yamasee War
1544:Categories
1336:(4): 439.
1059:2020-09-07
749:References
655:King Payne
599:wood frame
568:Cuscowilla
474:San Marcos
431:In Florida
363:-speaking
355:Early life
341:King Payne
106:King Payne
1506:0015-4113
1458:0015-4113
1429:0015-4113
1342:0015-4113
1221:0015-4113
1146:0739-0041
896:0015-4113
861:0015-4113
709:Swanton".
605:, with a
391:known as
384:Apalachee
313:Mikasukee
292:cimarones
206:cimarones
192:near the
186:Cowkeeper
167:Cowkeeper
152:Known for
137:Relations
66:June 2021
50:summarize
18:Cowkeeper
1514:30138772
1466:30147280
1437:30138833
1350:30148123
1229:30147731
904:30148124
869:30149405
704:'s 1859
686:Muscogee
523:Picolata
476:(on the
466:Hitchiti
438:hammocks
361:Hitchiti
349:Micanopy
322:Muskogee
309:Hitchiti
285:Seminole
182:Seminole
164:Nickname
157:Seminole
124:ca. 1710
93:Seminole
1390:Sources
720:cimaron
700:quotes
619:coontie
607:council
458:Sawokli
420:Yamasee
388:Timucua
373:Georgia
301:mission
269:Timucua
259:la Chua
253:Alachua
227:British
146:Bowlegs
1529:
1512:
1504:
1481:
1464:
1456:
1435:
1427:
1404:
1348:
1340:
1227:
1219:
1144:
1140:: 58.
949:
902:
894:
867:
859:
682:Coweta
615:squash
587:Smilax
470:Chiaha
446:horses
365:Oconee
337:Uchees
140:Sons,
95:leader
1510:JSTOR
1462:JSTOR
1433:JSTOR
1346:JSTOR
1225:JSTOR
900:JSTOR
865:JSTOR
664:Notes
611:maize
425:bands
345:Bolek
311:- or
221:Ahaya
216:Names
178:Ahaya
159:tribe
142:Payne
81:Ahaya
1527:ISBN
1502:ISSN
1479:ISBN
1454:ISSN
1425:ISSN
1402:ISBN
1338:ISSN
1217:ISSN
1142:ISSN
947:ISBN
892:ISSN
857:ISSN
678:Brim
638:none
621:and
478:Gulf
468:and
444:and
386:and
274:chua
144:and
132:1783
129:Died
121:Born
576:of
1546::
1508:.
1498:27
1496:.
1460:.
1450:46
1448:.
1431:.
1421:30
1419:.
1358:^
1344:.
1334:70
1332:.
1320:^
1305:^
1276:^
1237:^
1223:.
1213:44
1211:.
1138:27
1136:.
1132:.
1080:^
1051:.
980:^
961:^
898:.
888:70
886:.
863:.
853:79
851:.
788:^
769:^
625:.
513:,
464:,
351:.
343:,
233:.
1535:.
1516:.
1487:.
1468:.
1439:.
1410:.
1352:.
1231:.
1148:.
1062:.
955:.
906:.
871:.
68:)
64:(
54:.
20:)
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