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divisions are performed differently between the two meters. The "t" consonant always falls on the main beat and beat division, and the "k" consonant is always when the beat divides again. Alternating "t" and "k" in quick succession is easy to say, as they fall on two different parts of the tongue, making it very easy to say these syllables at a fast tempo (much like tonguing on recorder or flute). It is also a logical system since it always alternates between the same two consonants.
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214:), while quintuplets may be articulated as "un-i-vers-i-ty", or other five-syllable words such as "hip-po-pot-a-mus". In some approaches, "rote-before-note", the fractional definitions of notes are not taught to children until after they are able to perform syllable or phrase-based versions of these rhythms.
331:(“trip-a-let”), or another three-syllable word (like pineapple or elephant) with an antepenultimate accent. Some use numbers along with the word triplet (i.e. “1-trip-let”). Still others have devised sounds like “ah-lee” or “la-li” added after the number (i.e. 1-la-li, 2-la-li or 1-tee-duh, 2-tee-duh).
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Orff rhythm syllables don't have a specified system. Often, they'll encourage teachers to use whatever they prefer, and many choose to use the Kodaly syllable system. Outside of this, Orff teachers will often use a language-based model in which the rhythms are replaced with a word which matches the
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The folk song lyric "This Old Man, he played one, he played knick-knack on my thumb, with a knick-knack paddy whack, give my dog a bone, this old man came rolling home" would be said, "down up down down up down down up down up down up down up-ee down up down-ee-up down-ee-up-ee down down up down up
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This is a beat-function system used by some Kodály teachers that was developed by
Laurdella Foulkes-Levy, and was designed to be easier to say than Gordon's system or the Takadimi system while still honoring the beat-function. The beat is said as "Ta" in both duple and triple meters, but the beat
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sounds. Downbeats within a measure are called 1, 2, 3… Upbeats are represented with a plus sign and are called “and” (i.e. 1 + 2 +), and further subdivisions receive the sounds “ee” and “uh” (i.e. 1 e + a 2 e + a). Musicians do not agree on what to call triplets: some simply say the word triplet
195:, and "e" and "a" for the sixteenth note level. Triplets may be counted "1 tri ple 2 tri ple 3 tri ple 4 tri ple" and sixteenth note triplets "1 la li + la li 2 la li + la li". Quarter note triplets, due to their different rhythmic feel, may be articulated differently as "1 dra git 3 dra git".
415:(affectionately named the "Father of Music Education") adapted the French Time-Names system for use in the United States, and instead of using the French names of the notes, he replaced these with a system that identified the value of each note within a meter and the measure.
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as they occur, whether there be 2 beats, 3 beats, 4 beats, or even 5 beats. In addition to helping to normalize the time taken up by each beat, counting allows easier identification of the beats that are stressed. Counting is most commonly used with
1184:"This Old Man, he played one, he played knick-knack on my thumb, with a knick-knack paddy whack, give my dog a bone, this old man came rolling home" would be said, "titi ta titi ta titi titi titi ti-tiri titi tiriti tiritiri ta titi titi titi ta"
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does not receive a particular name; the note’s position within the beat gets the name. This system allows children to internalize a steady beat and to naturally discover the subdivisions of beat, similar to the down-ee-up-ee system.
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number of sounds in the rhythm. For example, two paired eighth notes may become "Jackie" or "Apple." Often, a teacher will stick with a theme and encourage students to create their own words within said theme. Examples include:
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The beat numbers are used for the tactus, te for the half beat, and n-ti-te-ta for four sixteenths. Triplets or three eighth notes in compound meter are n-la-li and six sixteenth notes in compound meter is n-ta-la-ta-li-ta.
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Counting system using n-ne, n-ta-ne-ta, n-na-ni, and n-ta-na-ta-ni-ta. All three systems have internal consistency for all divisions of the beat except the tactus, which changes according to the beat number.
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Counts the beat number on the tactus, & on the half beat, and n-e-&-a for four sixteenth notes, n-&-a for a triplet or three eighth notes in compound meter, where n is the beat number.
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Nokes, Mark (2009). However, when voiced "tri-pl-et" sounds as "tri-plet"; ergo, an extra sound added to the word triplet can be more effective and truly a three syllable word -- "tri-pa-let".
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In lieu of simply counting the beats of a measure, other systems can be used which may be more appropriate to the particular piece of music. Depending on the
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Rather than numbers or nonsense syllables, a random word may be assigned to a rhythm to clearly count each beat. An example is with a triplet, so that a
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time would be said, "one and two one and two one and two and one and two and uh one and two ee and one ee and uh two one and two and one and two."
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Gordon (1971) and Bebeau (1982), cited in "A Comparison of
Syllabic Methods for Improving Rhythm Literacy", p. 222, Bernadette Colley,
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This system allows the value of each note to be clearly represented no matter its placement within the beat/measure
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1400:"Effects of Rote versus Note Presentations on Rhythm Learning and Retention", p. 118, Patricia K. Shehan,
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Poll - "Elementary
General Music Educators: Which system do you use to teach rhythm ?"
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Unusual meters pair the duple and triple meter syllables, and employ the "b" consonant.
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Syllables systems are categorized as "Beat
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knick-knack paddy whack, give my dog a bone, this old man came rolling home"
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and "Ti-Ti" for eighth notes. For sextuplets simply say triplet twice (see
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Eighth Note followed by a
Quarter Note and another Eighth Note: Ta-Ti---Ti
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Improving Rhythm
Reading in Middle School Band, p. 36, Lewis H Strouse,
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Sixteenth Note
Combinations: Ta---Ti-Ki, Ta-Ka-Ti---, Ta-Ka---Ki
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Beats are down, up-beats are up, subdivisions are “ee”
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Eighth Note + Four Sixteenth Notes = Ta-aa-Ki-Di-Da-Ma
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2 Sixteenth Notes and 1 Eighth Note: Tika-Ti / Tiri-Ti
85:, "to identify it as a unique instructional process."
19:"Counting rhythm" redirects here. For other uses, see
1317:; Apr 2007; 14, 5; ProQuest Direct Complete, pg. 35.
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There are various ways to count rhythm, from simple
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of music by allowing the easy identification of the
884:Eighth Note + Eighth Rest + Eighth Note = Ta-X-Da
1165:1 Eighth Note and 2 Sixteenths: Ti-Tika / Ti-Tiri
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1483:"Rhythm Syllable Systems - What to use and why!"
1333:Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice
804:Two Sixteenth Notes + Eighth Note = Ta-Ka-Diii
1045:Eighth Note Combinations: Ta----Te, Ta-Tu-----
781:Eighth Note + Two Sixteenth Notes = Taaa-Di-Mi
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202:subdivision is often counted "tri-pl-et". The
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75:Introduction to systems: numbers and syllables
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1417:, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter, 1987), pp. 221–235.
1404:, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Summer, 1987), pp. 117-126.
861:Three Eighth Notes Beamed Together = Ta-Ki-Da
808:Examples of compound meter rhythms (Takadimi)
104:can be used to accomplish the same function.
668:tadi takadi takadimi ta tadi tadi tadi ta."
361:1 e and uh 2 e and uh 3 e and uh 4 e and uh
16:Musical system of regularly occurring sounds
672:Examples of simple meter rhythms (Takadimi)
499:Eighth Note Triplet: Tri-o-la or Tri-po-let
266:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
79:The method involving numbers may be termed
63:(often to decipher a difficult rhythm) and
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1381:Modern Guitar Method: A Practical Approach
1286:(south Indian) system of rhythm syllables.
1276:(north indian) system of rhythm syllables.
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988:: Ta-a-a-a (no added accent on each beat)
543:Dotted Quarter followed by Eighth: La-ira
286:Learn how and when to remove this message
1507:"Play What You Sing, Sing What You Play"
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898:Six Sixteenth Notes = Ta-Va-Ki-Di-Da-Ma
665:"tadi ta tadi ta tadi tadi tadi tadimi
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1532:"Orff Rhythm Syllables: Do They Exist?"
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1415:Journal of Research in Music Education
1402:Journal of Research in Music Education
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1159:4 Sixteenth Notes: TikaTika / Tiritiri
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1459:"A Review of Rhythm Syllable Systems"
1434:"A Review of Rhythm Counting Systems"
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994:: Ta-a (no added accent on each beat)
221:, the important skill is to keep the
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264:adding citations to reliable sources
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1511:American Orff-Schulwerk Association
1208:Mixed numbers and syllables systems
50:. Commonly, this involves verbally
34:is a system of regularly occurring
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733:Four Sixteenth Notes = Ta-Ka-Di-Mi
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1118:Dotted Half Note: Toom / ta-ah-ah
625:The beat is always called ta. In
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92:Example of "count chant" method
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38:that serve to assist with the
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1063:Sixteenth Note Combinations:
1023:Eighth Note Triplet: Ta-Tu-Te
306:to beat placement syllables.
217:"However the counting may be
1457:mramusicplace (2014-03-19).
1432:mramusicplace (2014-03-19).
821:Dotted Whole Note = Ta-a-a-a
496:: Ti-ri-ti-ri or Ti-ka-ti-ka
7:
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365:Traditional American system
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1290:Émile-Joseph-Maurice Chevé
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1355:Harnum, Jonathan (2004).
309:Here are a few examples.
1815:Non-retrogradable rhythm
1331:Blatter, Alfred (2007).
1042:3 Eighth Notes: Ta-Tu-Te
845:Dotted Quarter Note = Ta
721:Two Eighth Notes = Ta-Di
596:3 Eighth Notes: Du-Da-Di
409:Galin-Paris-Chevé system
1559:http://www.takadimi.net
833:Dotted Half Note = Ta-a
593:Dotted Quarter Note: Du
463:: Ta-a-a-a or to-o-o-o
93:
1709:Additive and divisive
1620:Learning music by ear
1195:but… need more info!
1146:2 Eighth Notes: Ti-Ti
685:Whole Note = ta-a-a-a
653:The folk song lyric
339:The folk song lyric "
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1835:Prolation and tempus
1615:Interval recognition
260:improve this section
212:Sextuplet rhythm.png
1530:V, Zach; erGraaff.
1487:Make Moments Matter
1246:Objects in the room
1128:Dotted Quarter Note
1115:: Toe / ta-ah-ah-ah
1048:6 Sixteenth Notes:
599:6 Sixteenth Notes:
589:Usual triple meter
548:Edwin Gordon system
67:and often involves
1536:Dynamic Music Room
1357:Basic Music Theory
552:Usual duple meter
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54:the beats in each
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1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Canter rhythm
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:Sight-reading
1596:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1389:0-9822533-2-X
1386:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1365:0-9707512-8-1
1362:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1341:0-415-97440-2
1338:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1221:Other systems
1218:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1188:Down-ee up-ee
1185:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:: Tika / Tiri
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:: Too / ta-ah
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:: Ta-Ka-Ti-Ki
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:
982:
981:
977:
968:
961:
956:
952:
947:
946:
945:
938:
933:
929:
924:
923:
922:
915:
910:
906:
901:
900:
899:
892:
887:
886:
885:
878:
873:
869:
864:
863:
862:
855:
850:
849:
841:
836:
829:
824:
817:
812:
811:
805:
798:
793:
789:
784:
783:
782:
775:
770:
766:
761:
760:
759:
752:
747:
743:
738:
737:
729:
724:
717:
712:
705:
700:
693:
688:
681:
676:
675:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
650:
646:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:simple meters
621:
616:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:: Du-Ta-De-Ta
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
553:
542:
539:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
504:
501:
498:
495:
491:
488:
484:
481:
477:
474:
471:
469:: Ta-a or too
468:
465:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:Kodály method
447:
443:
440:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:
416:
414:
410:
403:French system
400:
398:
388:
379:
370:
362:
359:
352:
342:
337:
336:
332:
329:
325:
310:
307:
305:
301:
290:
287:
279:
269:
265:
261:
255:
254:
250:
245:This section
243:
239:
234:
233:
230:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
208:quarter notes
205:
204:Kodály Method
201:
196:
194:
185:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:
128:
119:
109:
105:
103:
99:
90:
86:
84:
83:
72:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
1911:Ear training
1767:
1738:
1652:Tonal memory
1609:
1595:Ear training
1539:. Retrieved
1535:
1525:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:
1452:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1380:
1356:
1332:
1314:
1309:
1231:
1216:
1213:McHose/Tibbs
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1134:Quarter Note
1130:: Tom / ta-a
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1031:Triple meter
1030:
1029:
1005:Eighth Notes
998:Quarter Note
979:
978:
974:
966:
943:
920:
897:
883:
860:
803:
780:
757:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
648:
647:
639:
635:dotted notes
624:
614:
608:
604:
600:
588:
576:Eighth Notes
569:Quarter Note
551:
538:Eighth Notes
531:Quarter Note
487:Eighth Notes
473:Quarter Note
432:Quarter Note
413:Lowell Mason
406:
394:
385:
376:
368:
360:
350:
341:This Old Man
338:
334:
333:
322:Ultimately,
321:
308:
302:to counting
297:
282:
273:
258:Please help
246:
216:
197:
183:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
117:
108:Triple meter
106:
95:
81:
80:
78:
31:
25:
1865:Syncopation
1635:Solmization
1359:, p.68-70.
1227:Orff system
1141:Eighth Note
980:Duple meter
480:Eighth Note
448:: Tafa Tefe
439:Eighth Note
276:August 2013
193:eighth note
82:count chant
69:subdivision
40:performance
1905:Categories
1880:Time point
1830:Polyrhythm
1825:Note value
1795:Homorhythm
1761:Note value
1751:Cross-beat
1541:2023-02-08
1516:2023-02-08
1492:2016-10-29
1468:2016-10-29
1443:2016-10-29
1274:Hindustani
1113:Whole Note
986:Whole Note
642:note value
559:: Du-u-u-u
557:Whole Note
519:Whole Note
461:Whole Note
422:: Ta-a-a-a
420:Whole Note
219:syllabized
129:, such as
110:, such as
1855:Stop-time
1805:Isorhythm
1780:Half-time
1744:Count off
1714:Anacrusis
1260:Count off
1217:1 2 3 4,
1179:folk song
1122:Half Note
992:Half Note
563:Half Note
527:: Lang-ng
525:Half Note
467:Half Note
426:Half Note
324:musicians
304:syllables
247:does not
102:metronome
1756:Duration
1739:Counting
1734:Colotomy
1610:Counting
1383:, p.35.
1335:, p.26.
1284:Carnatic
1280:Konnakol
1254:See also
971:Takatiki
620:Takadimi
229:exact."
227:division
52:counting
44:audition
32:counting
1840:Prosody
1790:Hemiola
1640:Solfège
1301:Sources
1240:Animals
1199:Example
1173:Example
1107:Ta Titi
1007:: Ta-Ti
649:Example
578:: Du-De
489:: Ti-Ti
441:: Ta Te
335:Example
318:Numbers
300:numbers
268:removed
253:sources
200:triplet
56:measure
1890:Tuplet
1775:Groove
1694:Rhythm
1597:&
1387:
1363:
1339:
1249:Sports
565:: Du-u
540:: Lira
513:method
428:: Ta-a
61:rhythm
36:sounds
1875:Tempo
1860:Swing
1845:Pulse
1769:Gatra
1698:meter
1647:Tempo
1243:Names
1182:lyric
407:The "
397:pulse
328:vowel
223:pulse
168:-Two-
152:-Two-
98:tempo
28:music
1870:Tala
1800:Iqa'
1724:Beat
1696:and
1385:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1282:- a
1272:- a
1237:Food
1177:The
1143:: Ti
1136:: Ta
1079:-Ka-
1071:-Ku-
1056:-Ku-
1052:-Ka-
1000:: Ta
640:The
607:-Ta-
603:-Ta-
571:: Du
533:: La
511:Ward
482:: Ti
475:: Ta
434:: Ta
251:any
249:cite
65:form
48:beat
1719:Bar
1270:Bol
1099:-Ke
1083:---
1060:-Ke
611:-Ta
262:by
174:lee
166:lee
154:and
146:and
42:or
26:In
1907::
1534:.
1509:.
1485:.
1461:.
1436:.
1422:^
1372:^
1348:^
1322:^
1152:2
1139:1
1097:Te
1095:--
1093:Tu
1091:--
1089:Ta
1087:,
1085:Te
1081:Tu
1077:Ta
1075:,
1073:Te
1069:Tu
1067:--
1065:Ta
1058:Te
1054:Tu
1050:Ta
1010:4
1003:2
609:Di
605:Da
601:Du
581:4
574:2
536:2
492:4
485:2
478:1
444:4
437:2
170:la
162:la
158:ah
150:ah
71:.
30:,
1686:e
1679:t
1672:v
1587:e
1580:t
1573:v
1544:.
1519:.
1495:.
1471:.
1446:.
1391:.
1367:.
1343:.
351:4
289:)
283:(
278:)
274:(
270:.
256:.
184:4
172:-
164:-
156:-
148:-
137:8
118:4
23:.
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