Corregidor - Knowledge

1421:. This was the first time fixed coastal artillery had fired at an enemy since the close of the Civil War. Although the fire was considered accurate and effective, Col. Bunker decided to replace Capt. King and he was sent to perform the duties of fort XO and to command HQ Battery on Ft. Drum. He was replaced at Battery Geary by Capt. Thomas W. Davis. Later, this battery was pinpointed by the Japanese artillery and was subjected to heavy shelling. One direct hit by a 240-mm shell, which detonated the magazines of this battery on May 2, 1942, proved to be the most crippling shot during the entire siege of Corregidor. This explosion tossed the fifty ton barrel of the mortar around, one to a distance of 150 yards (140 m), another was blown through three feet of reinforced concrete wall into the adjoining powder magazine of Battery Crockett. Large chunks of steel were blown as far as the Malinta Tunnel, killing 27 of the battery crew instantly. Also, one mortar still had a live round in its breech, and it was in the process of firing the shell when the magazine was hit. That live anti-personnel round still lies within the breach of the mortar. 489: 1381:, both of which were hidden in the sides of the island's bluffs. One gun was commanded by 2LT Robert L. Obourn, who claimed that, towards the end of the battle, "You could see the shells wobble towards the ships. Our guns were reduced to nothing more than muskets." Obourn's gun was struck and destroyed on April 28, 1942, killing 2 of his gunners. The remaining crew of Battery Monja continued to fight against the Japanese as guerrillas until July 18, 1942. Only 6 men, including Lt. Obourn, survived their capture. The 5 enlisted men that were serving as gunners for the battery attempted to escape from their temporary prison camp two days after capture; they all were killed during their attempted escape. 94: 1430: 61: 1553: 1629:, a 1908 graduate of Texas A&M, was the American artillery commander on Corregidor. With the help of Major Tom Dooley, of A&M's class of 1935, Moore gathered the names of 25 other Aggies – as the students, alumni and athletic teams of the university are known – under his command. Despite the fierce fighting as the Japanese laid siege to the island, on April 21, 1942, Moore held a muster, or military roll call, calling the names of each of the Aggies under his command. In 1889, Texas A&M administrators had declared that April 21 – 409: 3407: 926:

Lieutenant Augusto Miranda, were urged to come to terms with the Americans, and so they did. Therefore, Miranda remained on the island with only 100 soldiers under the Spanish flag; Garces and officers under his command, as well as 292 men with their weapons and ammunition, were transferred to Mariveles port. From there they moved through the provinces of Bataan and Pampanga until they reached Manila on May 5. There they joined the Spanish navy battalion which was already quartered in Sampaloc.

1438: 1733: 1660:. This is also when it began to evolve into how it is known today, when students and alumni also honor fellow Aggies who have died. Dr. John Ashton of A&M's class of 1906 also wrote a poem in 1943 at McQuillen's request. Entitled "The Heroes' Roll Call", also known as the "Roll Call for the Absent" (which is also the name of a current Aggie Muster traditional segment), it also commemorates the 1942 Muster and is designed so that the number of years since 1942 can be inserted. 47: 1721: 2913: 2728: 1160: 2745: 2718: 1455: 2701: 2621: 101: 68: 969: 1672:

monument descends to the left in three tall “steps,” each with plaques mounted on top. The center plaque names the 88 Aggies who defended Corregidor and Bataan, the right plaque names the 1942 Muster participants, and the left plaque names the 1946 Muster participants. The American and Philippine flags fly over the monument along with the Texas A&M flag.

625:(literally, Island of the Corrector) due to the Spanish customs system, wherein all ships entering Manila Bay were required to stop and have their documents checked and "corrected". Another version claims that the island was used as a penitentiary or correctional institution by the Spanish government, and thus came to be called 400:. The island was heavily bombarded during the later part of the war, and the ruins serve as a military memorial to American, Filipino, and Japanese soldiers who served and lost their lives on the battlefield. Corregidor is both a major historical site and one of the busiest tourist attractions in the Philippines. 451:-shaped island, with its tail running eastward, is about 6.5 km (4.0 mi) long, about 2.0 km (1.2 mi) wide at its widest with a total land area of about 900 hectares (2,200 acres). The highest elevation is at 180 m (590 ft) on the Topside. The island is divided into four sections: 467:, a branch of the Philippine Trust Co. bank, the Cine Corregidor movie theater, officers' quarters, underground ordnance shops, the parade ground, an Officers' Club with a 9-hole Golf Course, tennis courts, and swimming pool, and the bulk of the artillery batteries that constituted the strength of Corregidor. 1671:

Affixed to the largest of the monument’s four ceramic-tiled panels in maroon, the school's color, is a large bronze Aggie Muster symbol with a crossed rifle and sword over a lit torch and partially obscured “A&M” letters. A bronze plaque below describes the famous 1942 and 1946 Aggie Musters. The

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Efforts by the university to memorialize student and alumni participation during World War II in the Philippines began in 2011 when The Association of Former Students asked Elton Abbott, assistant dean for International Programs and Initiatives for the College of Architecture, to enlist the college's

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correspondent about the gathering, and the reporter sent an article back to the United States about the 25 Aggies who had "Mustered". Although the Aggies on Corregidor did not physically gather for Muster, stories were widely published celebrating their heroic assembly in the Malinta Tunnel including

1402:, capable of a 360-degree traverse, could fire on land targets at Bataan. They brought the most destruction on Japanese positions during the attempted landings on the southwest coast of Bataan late in January to the middle of February 1942. These mortars were silenced by enemy shelling in May 1942. 1300:

from Sulu, eventually refused to take orders from their officers - variously explained as due to the non-payment of their salaries or the discovery of the specifics of their final mission, which they found morally unacceptable. The officers then allegedly shot all of the men to death, with only one

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Once the Cavite shipyard was subdued by means of a stipulated pact, two American ships went ashore at Corregidor Island on May 3 forcing the Spaniards on the island to surrender. Colonel Garces, chief of the coast batteries at the entrance of Manila Bay, and the island's governor, First Class Naval

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In April 1945, eight weeks after Corregidor was recaptured, three Aggies "Mustered on the Rock" and wrote letters to McQuillen detailing the events. On April 21, 1946 – the first such day after the war – 128 Aggies gathered on the island for Muster and to remember their fallen comrades. They posed

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Jibin Arula was rescued by fishermen near Caraballo Island when he attempted to swim to escape, and his account eventually became the subject of numerous trials and hearings. Despite this, the officers implicated in the massacre were never convicted which served as a clear indication to the Muslim

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There were 65 miles (105 km) of paved roads and trails on the island and 19.5 miles (31.4 km) of electric railroad track. The latter were used largely to haul heavy equipment and ammunition from Bottomside to the different Batteries. The Corregidor High School was where children of both

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that interrupts the upward slope from Bottomside to Topside, and was the location of 2-story officers' quarters, barracks for the enlisted men, a hospital, quarters for non-commissioned officers, a service club, PX, and two schoolhouses—one for the children of Filipino soldiers and the other for

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After the war, many people, most of them veterans, visited the island because of its history. Today, Corregidor is a historic monument as well as a tourist destination. Many travel companies offer day tours on the island featuring military installations used during World War II. Most of the

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On May 4, the American ships opened fire against the 100 men who, according to the pact, had been left on Corregidor and demanded the garrison forces be reduced to 25 men. The Spanish governor consulted Manila authorities, and they ordered the evacuation of the island. The troops were sent to

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on Topside is one of the oldest landmarks in Corregidor, first lit in 1853. In 1897, the defective lighting apparatus was changed, extending the range to 33 miles (53 km). The grounds and keeper's dwellings were further improved during the American occupation. During World War II, the

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and his 65-vessel fleet with 3,000 men anchored between Corregidor and Mariveles. From that site, he launched two successive attacks against Manila, commanded either by Limahong himself or by the Japanese pirate Sioco. Both attacks failed due to a fierce battle defense led by the governor,

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During the siege, the island had ample armor-piercing ammunition but very little of the anti-personnel type, which then was of greatest demand for use against land targets on Bataan. In fact, most of the anti-personnel shells were only for the 12-inch mortars of Batteries Way and Geary.

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for a photograph at the mouth of the Malinta Tunnel with an improvised A&M flag made from a bed sheet, and the photograph became famous. MacArthur also wrote a message to Texas A&M that day praising the bravery of Aggies who had given their lives on Corregidor and elswehere.

1414:. Defiladed in a hollow on Corregidor's Southern coast it was fairly well protected from Japanese shelling. On January 6, 1942, while under the command of Capt. Ben Ewing King, a Japanese bomb landed in a makeshift temporary bunker killing 31 of Battery Geary's NCOs and canoneers. 1026:

The defense of Corregidor was the immediate responsibility of the Philippine Coast Artillery Command, commanded by Major General George F. Moore at the start of World War II. Stationed on the island after the return to the regimental system in 1924 were the following regular units:

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through which light falls on the altar during daylight hours. Light lands directly on the altar on May 5 at exactly 12 noon, in commemoration of the surrender of the troops stationed there and the courage they exhibited over 72 days of bombing. Located behind the Memorial is the

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In response to these events, and also to prevent sudden attack by Muslims from Mindanao, a watch vessel was posted at Corregidor to control the entrance to the bay. According to data from 1637, this vessel had a crew of twenty men, who were paid 540 pesos a year for this task.

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Filipino and American servicemen assigned on the island studied. The island also had an electric trolley system as public transport, a movie house (Cine Corregidor), a baseball field and a swimming pool. The business and social center of this community was found on Topside.

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which was repelled by the Spanish garrison under the command of Andre Lopez de Azalduigui. The Dutch would remain on the island for seven more months, however, as it served them well as an operations base from which to intercept Chinese merchant traffic in the vicinity of

1191:(USAFFE) and gave way to the invading Japanese forces in Luzon in the northern Philippines. They were forced to surrender due to the lack of food and ammunition, leaving Corregidor and its adjacent islets at Manila Bay as the only areas in the region under U.S. control. 1095:

would provide aid. The fortifications on Corregidor were designed solely to withstand seaborne attack. Though American military planners realized that airplanes would render Fort Mills obsolete, the United States was restricted from improving the fortifications by the

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was assigned to Corregidor and started on the construction of concrete emplacements, bomb-proof shelters, and trails at various parts of the island. This pioneer engineer company left Fort Mills on March 15, 1912. All or part of 35 different numbered

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depicting heroic battles fought by Filipinos from the 15th century up to the present day. It was designed by Francisco Mañosa, while the murals and a statue of a Filipino guerrilla were sculpted by Manuel Casas. The complex was inaugurated by

1237:. American and Filipino soldiers on Corregidor and the neighboring islets held out against the Japanese to deny the use of Manila Bay, but the Imperial Japanese Army brought heavy artillery to the southern end of Bataan, and proceeded north to 889:

At a distance about one mile off El Fraile, Dewey's fleet changed course to the northeast, steaming towards Manila. When they were discovered, the Spaniards fired from El Fraile's artillery. An American response followed immediately, first by

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of Batteries Hearn and Smith, with a horizontal range of 29,000 yards (27,000 m). Although capable of an all around traverse, these guns, due to their flat trajectories, were not effective for use on defensive perimeter targets on

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community that Marcos' government had little regard for them. This created a furor within the Muslim community in the Philippines, and eventually triggered calls for Moro independence; the rise of separatist movements such as the

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The Tailside or Tail End is the remaining portion of the island where different memorials, shrines and the island's airstrip are located. Kindley Field was constructed in the early 1920s and named in honor of an early hero of the

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This garden was built as a memorial to the Japanese soldiers who served and died on the island during World War II. The park includes a praying area, shrines, markers and a small pavilion that houses photographs and memorabilia.

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The arrival of the Spanish fleet led by General Ignacio Mario de Alava, with the mission to place the Philippine Islands on alert, did not affect the fortunes of Corregidor Island. He limited his activity to the setting up of a

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lighthouse was damaged during the siege of Corregidor. The lighthouse was totally reconstructed in the 1950s with a different design and stands on the same spot where the first lighthouse once stood. The whole

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In 2015, during a ceremony marking the 47th anniversary of the massacre, a symbolic peace marker: 'Mindanao Garden of Peace: Corregidor Island' was turned over to the families of the survivors of the massacre.

702:, and Admiral van Noort retreated from the Philippines. Continuing the three year voyage in his one remaining ship and arriving home with 45 men still alive, van Noort became the first Dutch sea captain to 463:, rises prominently to a large flat area that is called "Topside". Beneath this was the fortified communications center of the island, as well as the location for the Army headquarters, barracks for 685:. From there he engaged in activities that the Spanish considered to be piracy, targeting ships on the sailing route to and from Manila. This situation ended after the naval combat of 3328: 580:

and his forces arrived in Manila Bay. Legazpi was authorized by the Spanish Crown to establish the capital of the Philippines in Manila, and to convert the Muslims in Luzon and

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to honor the Filipino and American soldiers who participated in World War II. It was completed in 1968 at the cost of three million dollars. The major memorial structure is a

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Between December 24, 1941, and February 19, 1942, Corregidor was the temporary location for the Government of the Philippines. On December 30, 1941, outside the Malinta Tunnel,

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was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Philippines. The fortifications across the entrance to Manila Bay were the remaining obstacle for the

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Early in the morning of January 26 Battery Geary opened fire on a unit of Japanese soldiers near Longaskawayan Point on the west side of the Bataan Peninsula during the

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One of the most recent additions to Corregidor is the Filipino Heroes Memorial located in the Tail End. This 6,000-square-meter (65,000 sq ft) complex has 14

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was first lit on the highest part of the island, to mark the entrance of Manila Bay for vessels coming in from the South China Sea. The Spanish government built this

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resources to design a Corregidor monument. The Association of Former Students then secured funds from Texas A&M Clubs and private donors to build the monument.

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is also a specific position of authority within the former Spanish administrative structure, the title for the man who was the head of a territorial unit known as

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headquarters until March 11, 1942. The Voice of Freedom, the radio station of USAFFE broadcast from Corregidor, aired the infamous announcement of the fall of

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Before the war and during the siege, Corregidor depended on Bataan for most of its potable water. For this purpose, barges were used to haul water either from

918:. Since the flotilla's speed was ten knots, they were soon far away from the Spanish batteries. Dewey sailed for Cavite where he destroyed the naval forces of 1940:

Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability

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occurred from February 16 to 26, 1945, in which American and Filipino forces successfully recaptured the island fortress from the Japanese occupying forces.

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of the events that took place on the island, including the reluctant departure of General Douglas MacArthur and the evacuation of the Philippine president

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and known during World War II as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas – than from any other school and more than the combined total of the

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Corregidor Island was included in the Philippines' defense plan prepared in 1885 by General Cerero, but no action was taken to implement it. When the

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whereby Texas gained its independence from Mexico – would be a school holiday. It had evolved, including with the support of former school president

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war-ravaged buildings have not been restored, and left as they were after the war in reverence to the Filipino and American soldiers who died there.

1341:. In addition, Corregidor had 13 anti-aircraft artillery batteries with 76 guns (28 3-inch and 48 .50-caliber) and 10 60-inch Sperry searchlights. 3185: 2807: 945:

and became a prisoner with his family. The Americans offered to free him but the governor rejected this. Shortly afterwards, he was disembarked in

698:, as the unbalanced weight of her extra cannon caused a permanent list and put her gun ports below the waterline. But they captured the Dutch ship 3470: 3425: 1398:, named for Lt. Henry N Way, which along with Battery Geary, was the mainstay of the Corregidor Garrison during the Japanese invasion. Its four 1322: 540: 3450: 2652: 1596: 2247: 3200: 3190: 3160: 1031: 1892:

Hubbard, Charles M. and Davis Jr., Collis H.. "Corregidor in Peace and War", p.82. University of Missouri Press, Columbia and London, 2006.

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more than $ 150 million, which did not include the expense of fortifying the neighboring islands of Caballo, Carabao, and El Fraile.

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In 1943, one year after the Aggies' original Corregidor Muster, E. E. McQuillen, Executive Secretary of the school's alumni association,

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San José (near what was Navy Beach); on the north is what was Army Dock, with its three large piers, and, east of Bottomside, is the

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Bottomside is the lower part of the island and is the neck that connects the tail and head of the island. South of Bottomside was

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Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar

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troops forced the surrender of the remaining American and Filipino forces on May 6, 1942, under the command of Lieutenant General

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Macapado Abaton Muslim; Philippines. Office of the President; Mindanao State University. College of Public Affairs (1994).

1912:. "Guardians of Empire: The U.S. Army and the Pacific, 1902–1940", p.203. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1997. 1370: 1057: 1047: 1037: 828: 3381: 3361: 1219: 816: 1768: 1607:

was dedicated. During World War II, there were more officers from Texas A&M – the largest of the United States' six

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Only 12 of the 25 survived the battle and the prisoner of war camps to which the survivors were sent. Dooley told a

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Several explanations for how the island was named have been suggested. One story states that the island was called

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Corregidor Island was taken over by the Dutch in June 1647, and from there they launched an offensive against

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A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines : 1965–2000

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and pitched battles—the first during the first months of 1942, and the second in February 1945—between the

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Standing on the highest part of Corregidor's Topside is the Pacific War Memorial, which was built by the

1253: 833: 31: 3517: 3297: 3124: 3003: 1711: 1429: 2003: 1159: 3391: 3271: 1626: 949:. In this way the Spanish presence on Corregidor Island, which had lasted 328 years, came to an end. 765: 425: 396:, Corregidor played an important role during the invasion and liberation of the Philippines from the 3306: 3241: 1515:

and his family to unoccupied areas of the Philippines and eventually in exile in the United States.

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rule, Corregidor served not only as a fortress of defense, a penal institution, and a station for

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Bangsamoro Information Office, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (March 17, 2021).

1608: 1600: 1187:, west of Manila Bay. The fall of Bataan on April 9, 1942, ended all organized opposition by the 1097: 1091:. According to the war plan, these forts could withstand a six-month-long siege, after which the 991: 861: 734: 577: 2430: 2214:

Gross, Max L.; National Intelligence University; National Intelligence University Staff (2007).

3033: 1604: 1570: 1467: 1211: 1172: 1149: 956:, was taken as a prize of war to the United States. It was later awarded to the rural town of 650:) was in use throughout Spanish America and the Philippines. For example, the Philippines had " 397: 2215: 424:, Corregidor and the other fortified islands of Manila Bay fall under the jurisdiction of the 2983: 1909: 1848: 1634: 1471: 1020: 631: 1938: 952:

A cannon that had guarded the residence of the Spanish colonial governor on Corregidor, the

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There were 23 batteries installed on Corregidor, consisting of 56 coastal defense guns and

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batteries to defend the entrance of Manila Bay and Manila itself from attacks by enemy

181: 3170: 3064: 2942: 2937: 2927: 2834: 2681: 2672: 2602: 2594: 2560: 2481: 2344: 2255: 2221: 2164: 2134: 1944: 1913: 1893: 1623: 1374: 1345: 1290: 1207: 1180: 1129: 1051: 905: 898: 876: 873: 674: 347: 2254:. Office of the President and College of Public Affairs, Mindanao State University. 796: 3215: 2973: 2932: 2842: 2196: 1512: 1484: 1418: 1286: 1271: 1265: 1215: 1195: 1184: 703: 693: 677:

used the surroundings of Corregidor Island as an anchorage for his last two ships,

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in 1919, into a day for current students and alumni to gather wherever they were.

1566: 1199: 3104: 3038: 2772: 2763: 2710: 2676: 2249: 2158: 2128: 2037: 2028:"El Archipielago Filipino", pp.525–527. Washington: Impriento del Gobierno, 1900. 1981:. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved on April 8, 2013. 1638: 1630: 1325:(BARMM) acknowledges the Jabidah Massacre as a key moment in Bangsamoro history. 1153: 995: 946: 759:. It was also used as an anchorage for the fully loaded Spanish treasure galleon 753: 663: 552: 460: 2630: 3165: 3089: 3023: 3013: 2957: 2947: 2877: 2867: 2527: 2251:

The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative

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Battery Monja is located on Wheeler Point. It was operated by Battery G of the

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be fortified. Consequently, Corregidor was fortified and incorporated into the

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Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands

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on boats while the island's governor was transferred to the American cruiser

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on December 14, 1600. The Spanish lost their flagship, the hastily converted

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Felipe M. de Govantes. Compendio de la Historia de Filipinas. Manila, 1877,

1006:. In 1908, a Regular Army post was established on the island, designated as 3396: 3210: 3139: 2902: 2376: 2363: 1863: 1681: 1645: 1504: 1480: 1141: 953: 869: 852: 820: 585: 464: 393: 3543:

Buildings and structures of the Philippines destroyed during World War II

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At midnight on the night of April 30 to May 1, 1898, U.S. Navy Commodore

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base. The short runway, cramped and hilly terrain had limited its use.

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In 1968, an area near Kindley Airfield at Tailside was the site of the

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Abdurasad Asani (1985). "The Bangsamoro People: A Nation in Travail".

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were inaugurated respectively as president and vice-president of the

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American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945 (Fortress)

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witness, Jibin Arula, managing to escape by pretending to be dead.

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between the Netherlands and Spain, the Dutch privateer and Admiral

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The surrender of U.S. forces at the Malinta Tunnel on May 6, 1942.

730:. Finally they withdrew with few of their expectations fulfilled. 342:. Due to its strategic location, Corregidor has historically been 2912: 1834:

Office of the Judge Advocate General, United States Army (1916).

1720: 1507:, is now home to an audio-visual presentation by National Artist 968: 841: 837: 824: 773: 745:, Corregidor was used as an anchorage for warships, particularly 600: 589: 520:. The airfield was operated then by the army, and the navy had a 476: 448: 351: 335: 224: 2478:

Softly Call the Muster: The Evolution of a Texas Aggie Tradition

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and the U.S. Army, along with its smaller subsidiary force, the

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The island came under Spanish sovereignty on May 19, 1570, when

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recommended that key harbors of territories acquired after the

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Revolt in Mindanao: The Rise of Islam in Philippine Politics

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companies served tours at Fort Mills between 1909 and 1923.

507:. The Malinta Hill separates Bottomside from the Tail End. 2480:(1st ed.). College Station: Texas A&M University. 2273: 2271: 931: 872:

led his naval squadron, with his flag hoisted on board the

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A Muslim Archipelago: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia

1883:. Corregidor Island Web Site. Retrieved on March 11, 2011. 983:. In 1903, a convalescent hospital was established by the 334:, the nation's largest city and one of its most important 1866:. Corregidor Island Web Site. Retrieved on March 9, 2011. 2268: 1649:

yelling and singing of songs about Texan independence.

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of the Imperial Japanese Army led by Lieutenant General

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Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape

2051:"Three Oaks' Dewey Cannon notes a blast from the past" 1838:, pp. 343–344. Government Printing Office, Washington. 847:, were installed on the rocky island of El Fraile. On 420:

Despite being located nearer to the southern coast of

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Graves, William (July 1986). "Corregidor Revisited".

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of 1922. In 1932–1934, the U.S. Army constructed the

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light, which is situated 639 feet (195 m) above

642:. The institution of administrative districts called 2220:. United States Department of Defense. p. 183. 1580: 459:

The island's biggest area, which points towards the

2280:"Remembering Jabidah and the seeds of the struggle" 2241: 1798:

Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)

1222:was sent to reinforce the island's beach defenses. 385:. The island was also the site of a small military 330:. It is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) west of 2455:"Roll Call for the Absent (The Heroes' Roll Call)" 1321:in general. The government of the now-autonomous 960:, where it was remounted as a historical display. 654:" in charge of Bataan and Zambales, among others. 610:The name "Corregidor" comes from the Spanish word 561:Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology 3377:National Historical Commission of the Philippines 2660: 1851:, pg. 72. Government Printing Office, Washington. 1825:. Cavite City Library. Retrieved on June 7, 2012. 979:In 1902, the island was organized as an American 603:inspection, but also as a signal outpost to warn 551:Corregidor and Caballo islands are remnants of a 3499: 3095:Mounts Banahaw–San Cristobal Protected Landscape 2156: 1595:In 2015, a monument designed by students at the 1470:with a circular altar directly under the dome's 1285:, the President of the Philippines at the time, 1107:Fort Mills's defense installations had cost the 361:) is the largest of the islands that formed the 2593:. Vol. 170, no. 1. pp. 118–131. 2506:Texas A&M University School of Architecture 2364:"Corregidor Island's Geographic Sectors-Part 1" 2186: 2152: 2150: 1881:"Corregidor Island's Geographic Sectors-Part 2" 1569:of the lighthouse was recently replaced by the 1323:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 1296:Varying accounts say 18 to 69 recruits, mostly 541:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 2555:Berhow, Mark A.; Terrance C. McGovern (2003). 1769:"Ten things you may not know about Corregidor" 1344:The longest-range coastal pieces were the two 3322: 2801: 2646: 2126: 2122: 2120: 1936: 1410:Battery Geary was a battery of eight 13-ton, 1357:, as their maximum elevation was 35 degrees. 3372:National Commission for Culture and the Arts 2406:. Emerald Coast A&M Club. Archived from 2189:Journal Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs 2147: 2022: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1876: 1874: 1872: 539:, eventually leading to the creation of the 2343:. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 262. 2090:Antonio, Nicolas Basilio (April 10, 2021). 1828: 1684:, anesthesiologist, was born in Corregidor. 1538: 1518: 1289:, had secretly authorized the execution of 963: 3329: 3315: 2808: 2794: 2653: 2639: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2207: 2117: 2038:Philippine forts at American Forts Network 1762: 1760: 1758: 1695:List of islands in the Greater Manila Area 669:In November and December 1600, during the 310:) is an island located at the entrance of 45: 3523:United States military in the Philippines 2815: 2508:. Texas A&M University. June 15, 2015 2083: 1923: 1869: 1859: 1857: 1816: 657:On November 23, 1574, the Chinese pirate 3338:Philippine Registry of Cultural Property 2182: 2180: 1551: 1547: 1453: 1436: 1428: 1158: 1144:, Corregidor was the site of two costly 1065:Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays 967: 815:'s attack was thought to be imminent, a 487: 407: 2391: 2357: 2338: 2105:from the original on September 25, 2021 2089: 2009: 1847:U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1919). 1755: 1449: 817:12 cm gun of the "Hontoria System" 806: 803:and visible for 20 miles (32 km). 571: 381:), which were all fortified during the 14: 3500: 2586: 2048: 2042: 1854: 1656:, renamed the school's April 21 event 1254:battle for the recapture of Corregidor 1218:. In April 1942, one battalion of the 412:Corregidor Island and the entrance to 3310: 3191:Saint James the Apostle Parish Church 3186:Saint Gregory the Great Parish Church 2789: 2634: 2475: 2177: 1963: 1943:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 5–. 1766: 1004:harbor defenses Manila and Subic Bays 735:British invasion of Manila and Cavite 289: 2668: 2457:. The Association of Former Students 2428: 2379:. The Association of Former Students 1984: 1968:. Lexington Books. pp. 267–268. 1274:, a key event in the history of the 1087:, Fort Drum; and on Carabao Island, 3538:National Shrines of the Philippines 3161:Immaculate Conception Parish Church 2290:from the original on March 18, 2021 2092:"The Moro Story During Martial Law" 1849:"United States Coast Pilot, Part 1" 1424: 1259: 1169:Battle of the Philippines (1941–42) 1060:(Tractor Drawn) (Philippine Scouts) 776:, where it was sold for a fortune. 646:(with each district chief known as 607:of the approach of hostile ships. 191:5.49 km (2.12 sq mi) 24: 3357:Cultural Center of the Philippines 2580: 2332: 1700:List of islands of the Philippines 1654:The Association of Former Students 1458:Marker of the Pacific War Memorial 531:, Tailside became the site of the 444:into the North and South Channel. 100: 67: 25: 3554: 3247:Canlubang Golf & Country Club 3181:Mother of All Asia–Tower of Peace 2614: 1675: 1633:in Texas, the anniversary of the 1589:Muster (Texas A&M University) 1581:Texas A&M University monument 1494: 1433:Aerial view of the island in 2024 1332: 1189:U.S. Armed Forces in the Far East 1175:invaded Luzon from the north (at 1114: 527:In 1968 during the first term of 3405: 3196:Saint Rose of Lima Parish Church 2911: 2743: 2726: 2716: 2699: 2619: 2316:. March 18, 2015. Archived from 1937:Paul J. Smith (March 26, 2015). 1767:Layug, Benjamin (May 10, 2015). 1731: 1719: 1405: 1364: 1067:and the Seaward Defense Command. 1010:, in honor of Brigadier General 865:, which was undergoing repairs. 99: 92: 66: 59: 2528:"Calmes 2 – Corregidor Pre War" 2520: 2494: 2469: 2447: 2422: 2369: 2302: 2286:. Republic of the Philippines. 2163:. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. 2074: 2049:Miller, Randy (June 18, 1999). 2031: 1996: 1972: 1135: 1123: 710:was formed a few months later. 3487:National Cultural Heritage Act 3019:Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery 1903: 1886: 1841: 1786: 1613:United States Military Academy 1384: 1311:Moro National Liberation Front 859:from the Spanish navy cruiser 13: 1: 3528:Military facilities in Cavite 3441:National Historical Landmarks 3436:Important Cultural Properties 3262:Saddle and Clubs Leisure Park 3115:Pamitinan Protected Landscape 3110:Pagsanjan Gorge National Park 2744: 2700: 2661:Places adjacent to Corregidor 1744: 1412:12-inch (305 mm) mortars 1400:12-inch (305 mm) mortars 1371:92nd Coast Artillery Regiment 1315:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 483: 470: 363:harbor defenses of Manila Bay 2999:Corregidor Island Lighthouse 2727: 2717: 2429:Tutt, Bob (April 16, 1994), 1705:Fort Drum (El Fraile Island) 1307:Muslim Independence Movement 793:Corregidor Island Lighthouse 733:In October 1762, during the 403: 322:, and is considered part of 314:in the southwestern part of 270:Barangay 8 (Manuel S. Rojas) 7: 3431:National Cultural Treasures 3426:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 3362:Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino 2133:. Oxford University Press. 1688: 1617:United States Naval Academy 1206:for a second term. General 851:, south of Corregidor, the 510: 340:the Spanish colonial period 80:Location in the Philippines 32:Corregidor (disambiguation) 10: 3559: 3298:Tourism in the Philippines 3125:Quezon Protected Landscape 3004:Malabrigo Point Lighthouse 2377:"The Aggies of Corregidor" 1388: 1346:12-inch (305 mm) guns 1263: 592:used during the campaign. 566: 546: 454: 389:, as part of the defense. 215:589 ft (179.5 m) 207:2.0 km (1.24 mi) 199:6.5 km (4.04 mi) 29: 3479: 3471:Other Cultural Properties 3461:Works of National Artists 3414: 3403: 3392:Intramuros Administration 3345: 3295: 3272:Santa Rosa Sports Complex 3224: 3148: 3052: 2966: 2920: 2909: 2850: 2824: 2666: 2559:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. 2201:10.1080/13602008508715944 2157:William Larousse (2001). 1556:The Corregidor lighthouse 791:On January 18, 1853, the 326:and thus the province of 279: 274: 266: 256: 246: 235: 230: 219: 211: 203: 195: 187: 177: 140: 130: 125: 53: 44: 27:Island in the Philippines 3456:National Heritage Houses 3257:Quezon Convention Center 3130:Seven Lakes of San Pablo 3120:People's Park in the Sky 2989:Cape Santiago Lighthouse 2575:The Story of Corregidor. 1993:, Corregidor Island.com. 1609:senior military colleges 1601:Texas A&M University 1539:Japanese Garden of Peace 1519:Filipino Heroes Memorial 1479:, a 40 feet (12 m) 1477:Eternal Flame of Freedom 1464:United States Government 1441:Aerial view of the ruins 1210:also used Corregidor as 1204:Philippines Commonwealth 1012:Samuel Meyers Mills, Jr. 964:American colonial period 708:Dutch East India Company 614:, meaning "to correct". 383:American colonial period 3267:San Lazaro Leisure Park 3237:Batangas Racing Circuit 3044:Tejeros Convention Site 2476:Adams, John A. (1994). 1379:French 155mm GPF cannon 1281:In connection with the 1278:and the Moro people. 1098:Washington Naval Treaty 992:Board of Fortifications 578:Miguel Lopez de Legazpi 377:), and Carabao Island ( 83:Show map of Philippines 3242:Biñan Football Stadium 2341:Bataan: Our Last Ditch 2339:Whitman, John (1990). 2284:BARMM Official Website 2127:T.J.S. George (1980). 1910:Linn, Brian McAllister 1605:College Station, Texas 1597:School of Architecture 1571:Philippine Coast Guard 1557: 1459: 1442: 1434: 1377:. The battery had two 1173:Imperial Japanese Army 1164: 1150:Imperial Japanese Army 976: 819:, which came from the 493: 475:Middleside is a small 417: 398:Imperial Japanese Army 307: 299: 291:[ko.ɾɛ.hɪˈdoɾ] 275:Additional information 212:Highest elevation 162:14.38556°N 120.57306°E 3513:Islands of Manila Bay 2984:Bonifacio Trial House 2628:at Wikimedia Commons 2410:on September 27, 2007 1964:Yegar, Moshe (2002). 1635:Battle of San Jacinto 1555: 1548:Corregidor lighthouse 1491:symbolizing freedom. 1457: 1440: 1432: 1162: 1132:or Cabcaben, Bataan. 1021:Coast Artillery Corps 971: 857:15 cm naval guns 491: 411: 3252:National Arts Center 3053:Parks and recreation 2098:Philippine Collegian 2061:St. Joseph, Michigan 2056:The Herald-Palladium 1535:on August 28, 1992. 1509:Lamberto V. Avellana 1450:Pacific War Memorial 1419:Battle of the Points 1283:North Borneo dispute 1227:Battle of Corregidor 1058:92nd Coast Artillery 1048:91st Coast Artillery 1038:60th Coast Artillery 1032:59th Coast Artillery 1000:Spanish–American War 981:military reservation 958:Three Oaks, Michigan 884:Battle of Manila Bay 807:Spanish–American War 572:Spanish colonial era 338:for centuries since 30:For other uses, see 3232:Alonte Sports Arena 2851:Beaches and islands 2590:National Geographic 2320:on February 2, 2017 1823:"About Cavite City" 1804:on February 1, 2022 1489:Aristides Demetrios 1247:Jonathan Wainwright 1183:, retreated to the 1075:; the army post on 1034:(U.S. Regular Army) 623:Isla del Corregidor 616:Isla del Corregidor 518:U.S. Army Air Corps 480:American children. 308:Isla del Corregidor 167:14.38556; 120.57306 158: / 41: 3451:National Monuments 3282:Vermosa Sports Hub 3277:Tagaytay Highlands 3156:Antipolo Cathedral 3075:Masungi Georeserve 3009:Malagonlong Bridge 2979:Angono Petroglyphs 1558: 1460: 1443: 1435: 1165: 1016:Corps of Engineers 977: 832:, and two shorter 762:Santisima Trinidad 557:Corregidor Caldera 494: 492:Bottomside in 1982 418: 300:Pulo ng Corregidor 220:Highest point 182:Philippine Islands 39: 3518:Islands of Cavite 3495: 3494: 3466:Marked Structures 3367:National Archives 3304: 3303: 3171:Maragondon Church 3065:Hinulugang Taktak 2943:Higantes Festival 2938:Enchanted Kingdom 2928:Casa Santa Museum 2783: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2682:Mariveles, Bataan 2673:Mariveles, Bataan 2624:Media related to 2435:Houston Chronicle 2261:978-971-11-1130-4 2227:978-1-932946-19-2 2170:978-88-7652-879-8 2140:978-0-19-580429-4 1950:978-1-317-45886-9 1898:978-0-8262-1712-7 1624:Brigadier General 1375:Philippine Scouts 1291:Operation Merdeka 1208:Douglas MacArthur 1181:Douglas MacArthur 1052:Philippine Scouts 874:protected cruiser 840:from the Spanish 766:they had captured 675:Olivier van Noort 671:Eighty Years' War 348:coastal artillery 283: 282: 116:Show map of Luzon 113:Location in Luzon 18:Corregidor Island 16:(Redirected from 3550: 3446:National Shrines 3409: 3382:National Library 3331: 3324: 3317: 3308: 3307: 3216:Tayabas Basilica 2974:Aguinaldo Shrine 2933:Coconut Festival 2915: 2810: 2803: 2796: 2787: 2786: 2747: 2746: 2730: 2729: 2720: 2719: 2703: 2702: 2669: 2655: 2648: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2623: 2610: 2570: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2400: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2184: 2175: 2174: 2154: 2145: 2144: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2046: 2040: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2013: 2007: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1934: 1921: 1907: 1901: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1867: 1864:"Malinta Tunnel" 1861: 1852: 1845: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1800:. Archived from 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1764: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1724: 1723: 1715: 1513:Manuel L. Quezon 1425:Corregidor today 1287:Ferdinand Marcos 1272:Jabidah massacre 1266:Jabidah massacre 1260:Jabidah massacre 1196:Manuel L. Quezon 1185:Bataan Peninsula 972:The entrance to 855:installed three 829:Antonio de Ulloa 533:Jabidah massacre 529:Ferdinand Marcos 367:El Fraile Island 365:, together with 293: 173: 172: 170: 169: 168: 163: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 117: 103: 102: 96: 84: 70: 69: 63: 49: 42: 38: 21: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3475: 3418: 3416: 3410: 3401: 3387:National Museum 3349: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3305: 3300: 3291: 3220: 3144: 3105:Pagsanjan Falls 3048: 3039:Santa Rosa Arch 2962: 2916: 2907: 2846: 2820: 2814: 2784: 2779: 2773:Ternate, Cavite 2771: 2764:Ternate, Cavite 2762: 2731: 2711:South China Sea 2684: 2677:South China Sea 2675: 2662: 2659: 2617: 2583: 2581:Further reading 2567: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2439: 2437: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2362: 2358: 2351: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2276: 2269: 2262: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2212: 2208: 2185: 2178: 2171: 2155: 2148: 2141: 2125: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2088: 2084: 2080:McGovern, pp. 8 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2047: 2043: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2010: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1935: 1924: 1908: 1904: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1870: 1862: 1855: 1846: 1842: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1742: 1732: 1730: 1718: 1710: 1691: 1678: 1639:William Bizzell 1631:San Jacinto Day 1627:George F. Moore 1583: 1550: 1541: 1521: 1497: 1452: 1427: 1408: 1393: 1387: 1367: 1335: 1268: 1262: 1154:Philippine Army 1138: 1126: 1117: 1109:U.S. government 1071:In addition to 996:William H. Taft 966: 947:Balanga, Bataan 920:Admiral Montojo 809: 706:the world. The 664:Juan de Salcedo 574: 569: 553:volcanic crater 549: 513: 486: 473: 461:South China Sea 457: 406: 242: 166: 164: 160: 157: 152: 149: 147: 145: 144: 121: 120: 119: 118: 115: 114: 111: 110: 109: 108: 104: 87: 86: 85: 82: 81: 78: 77: 76: 75: 71: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3556: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3412: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3343: 3342: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3319: 3311: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3166:Imus Cathedral 3163: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3090:Mount Makiling 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3029:Rizal Monument 3026: 3024:Pagsanjan Arch 3021: 3016: 3014:Malinta Tunnel 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2958:Villa Escudero 2955: 2950: 2948:Puzzle Mansion 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2883:Fortune Island 2880: 2878:Calamba Island 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2813: 2812: 2805: 2798: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2715: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2679: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2635: 2616: 2615:External links 2613: 2612: 2611: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2532:corregidor.org 2519: 2493: 2486: 2468: 2446: 2421: 2404:"Aggie Muster" 2390: 2368: 2356: 2349: 2331: 2314:Mindanao Times 2301: 2267: 2260: 2240: 2226: 2206: 2195:(2): 295–314. 2176: 2169: 2146: 2139: 2116: 2082: 2073: 2041: 2030: 2021: 2008: 1995: 1983: 1971: 1956: 1949: 1922: 1902: 1885: 1868: 1853: 1840: 1827: 1815: 1785: 1773:BusinessMirror 1753: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1728: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1677: 1676:Notable people 1674: 1593: 1592: 1582: 1579: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1533:Fidel V. Ramos 1520: 1517: 1501:Malinta Tunnel 1496: 1495:Malinta Tunnel 1493: 1451: 1448: 1426: 1423: 1407: 1404: 1389:Main article: 1386: 1383: 1366: 1363: 1334: 1333:Fortifications 1331: 1264:Main article: 1261: 1258: 1235:Masaharu Homma 1231:14th Area Army 1220:Fourth Marines 1137: 1134: 1125: 1122: 1116: 1115:Infrastructure 1113: 1102:Malinta Tunnel 1077:Caballo Island 1069: 1068: 1063:Headquarters, 1061: 1055: 1045: 1035: 974:Malinta Tunnel 965: 962: 849:Caballo Island 808: 805: 743:William Draper 739:Samuel Cornish 704:circumnavigate 691:Manila galleon 687:Fortune Island 644:corregimientos 573: 570: 568: 565: 548: 545: 512: 509: 505:Malinta Tunnel 485: 482: 472: 469: 456: 453: 438:Caballo Island 434:fortifications 405: 402: 371:Caballo Island 281: 280: 277: 276: 272: 271: 268: 264: 263: 258: 254: 253: 248: 244: 243: 236: 233: 232: 231:Administration 228: 227: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 123: 122: 112: 106: 105: 98: 97: 91: 90: 89: 88: 79: 73: 72: 65: 64: 58: 57: 56: 55: 54: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3555: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3413: 3408: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3299: 3294: 3288: 3287:Ynares Center 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206:Taal Basilica 3204: 3202: 3201:Silang Church 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3176:Morong Church 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3085:Mount Macolod 3083: 3081: 3080:Mount Batulao 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3070:Lake Caliraya 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2806: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2725: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2622: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2576: 2573:Gerez, M. B. 2572: 2568: 2566:1-84176-427-2 2562: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2472: 2456: 2450: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2378: 2372: 2365: 2360: 2352: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2272: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2244: 2229: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2183: 2181: 2172: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2153: 2151: 2142: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2123: 2121: 2109:September 25, 2104: 2100: 2099: 2093: 2086: 2077: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2039: 2034: 2025: 2018: 2012: 2006:(in Spanish). 2005: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1975: 1967: 1960: 1952: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1919: 1918:0-8078-2321-X 1915: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1850: 1844: 1837: 1831: 1824: 1819: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1739: 1729: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1554: 1545: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1447: 1439: 1431: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1406:Battery Geary 1403: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1365:Battery Monja 1362: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1319:Moro conflict 1316: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200:Sergio Osmeña 1197: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177:Lingayen Gulf 1174: 1170: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1133: 1131: 1121: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1093:United States 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 988: 986: 982: 975: 970: 961: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 943: 937: 933: 927: 923: 921: 917: 916: 910: 909: 903: 902: 896: 895: 887: 885: 881: 880: 875: 871: 866: 864: 863: 858: 854: 850: 846: 843: 839: 835: 831: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 804: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 783: 782:naval station 777: 775: 771: 767: 764: 763: 758: 757: 751: 750: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 720: 715: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 660: 655: 653: 649: 648:El Corregidor 645: 641: 640: 639:corregimiento 634: 633: 628: 627:El Corregidor 624: 619: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 564: 562: 558: 554: 544: 542: 538: 537:Moro conflict 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 508: 506: 502: 500: 490: 481: 478: 468: 466: 462: 452: 450: 445: 443: 439: 436:, along with 435: 431: 427: 423: 415: 410: 401: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 369:(Fort Drum), 368: 364: 360: 355: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 292: 287: 278: 273: 269: 265: 262: 259: 255: 252: 249: 245: 241: 240: 234: 229: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 183: 180: 176: 171: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 124: 95: 62: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 3397:Sentro Rizal 3211:Tanay Church 3140:Taal Volcano 3034:Rizal Shrine 2993: 2903:Verde Island 2722: 2721: 2618: 2588: 2574: 2556: 2535:. 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Retrieved 1682:Selma Calmes 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658:Aggie Muster 1651: 1646:United Press 1643: 1621: 1594: 1586: 1559: 1542: 1522: 1505:World War II 1498: 1485:commissioned 1481:Corten steel 1476: 1461: 1444: 1416: 1409: 1394: 1368: 1359: 1343: 1336: 1327: 1303: 1295: 1280: 1269: 1251: 1241:Corregidor. 1224: 1193: 1166: 1142:World War II 1139: 1136:World War II 1127: 1124:Water supply 1118: 1106: 1070: 1042:Regular Army 1025: 989: 978: 954:Dewey Cannon 951: 941: 928: 924: 914: 907: 900: 897:and then by 893: 888: 878: 870:George Dewey 867: 860: 853:Spanish army 845:General Lezo 844: 836:of the same 827: 821:Spanish Navy 810: 797:Second-Order 790: 778: 760: 755: 748: 732: 716: 712: 699: 694: 682: 678: 668: 656: 652:corregidores 651: 647: 643: 636: 630: 626: 622: 620: 615: 611: 609: 594: 586:Christianity 575: 550: 526: 514: 497: 495: 474: 465:enlisted men 458: 446: 419: 394:World War II 391: 357:Corregidor ( 356: 285: 284: 237: 36: 3533:Cavite City 3417:of cultural 2898:Punta Fuego 2893:Matabungkay 2888:Laiya Beach 2845:attractions 2816:Tourism in 2324:November 8, 2233:February 4, 1808:February 1, 1738:Philippines 1575:solar power 1396:Battery Way 1391:Battery Way 1385:Battery Way 1167:During the 1081:Fort Hughes 994:chaired by 375:Fort Hughes 324:Cavite City 320:Philippines 261:Cavite City 239:Philippines 223:Topside, a 178:Archipelago 165: / 153:120°34′23″E 141:Coordinates 3508:Corregidor 3502:Categories 3419:properties 3415:Categories 3346:Government 3060:Avilon Zoo 2994:Corregidor 2967:Historical 2858:Alibijaban 2818:Calabarzon 2769:Manila Bay 2760:Manila Bay 2735:Manila Bay 2723:Corregidor 2691:Manila Bay 2686:Manila Bay 2626:Corregidor 2512:August 17, 2487:0890965862 2440:August 16, 2383:August 17, 2350:0870528777 2019:, page 246 1745:References 1587:See also: 1573:to run on 1562:lighthouse 1483:structure 1317:; and the 1313:, and the 1276:Bangsamoro 1089:Fort Frank 1079:was named 1073:Fort Mills 1008:Fort Mills 834:12 cm guns 770:Portsmouth 632:Corregidor 484:Bottomside 471:Middleside 442:Manila Bay 414:Manila Bay 379:Fort Frank 359:Fort Mills 312:Manila Bay 286:Corregidor 135:Manila Bay 107:Corregidor 74:Corregidor 40:Corregidor 3149:Religious 3135:Taal Lake 2953:Sky Ranch 2873:Cagbalete 2755:El Fraile 2607:643483454 2599:0027-9358 2294:March 18, 2015:Quanchi, 1622:In 1942, 1530:President 1130:Mariveles 1085:El Fraile 1040:AA (U.S. 985:U.S. Army 942:Baltimore 913:USS 906:USS 899:USS 894:McCulloch 892:USS 877:USS 813:U.S. Navy 801:sea level 700:Eendracht 695:San Diego 683:Eendracht 679:Mauritius 543:(BARMM). 501:or Barrio 404:Geography 344:fortified 150:14°23′8″N 126:Geography 3350:agencies 3348:cultural 3340:(PRECUP) 2921:Cultural 2827:Batangas 2537:June 30, 2288:Archived 2103:Archived 1689:See also 1615:and the 1243:Japanese 1239:blockade 659:Limahong 612:corregir 590:galleons 582:Mindanao 522:seaplane 511:Tailside 499:Barangay 387:airfield 352:warships 336:seaports 267:Barangay 247:Province 131:Location 3480:Related 2868:Balesin 2549:Sources 1991:History 1726:Islands 1712:Portals 1567:lantern 1468:rotunda 1339:mortars 1140:During 915:Concord 908:Raleigh 879:Olympia 862:Velasco 842:gunboat 838:caliber 825:cruiser 774:England 749:Panther 737:led by 601:customs 597:Spanish 567:History 547:Geology 477:plateau 455:Topside 449:tadpole 392:During 318:in the 304:Spanish 296:Tagalog 225:plateau 3225:Venues 2863:Anilao 2839:Quezon 2835:Laguna 2831:Cavite 2605: 2597: 2563: 2484: 2347: 2258: 2224: 2167: 2137: 1947: 1916: 1896: 1794:"NOAH" 1525:murals 1472:oculus 1355:Cavite 1351:Bataan 1309:, the 1298:Tausug 1216:Bataan 1212:Allied 1171:, the 1146:sieges 936:Cavite 901:Boston 786:Cavite 719:Cavite 605:Manila 595:Under 555:, the 430:Cavite 422:Bataan 332:Manila 328:Cavite 251:Cavite 196:Length 2843:Rizal 2004:p.294 1750:Notes 1083:; on 741:and 724:Luzon 346:with 316:Luzon 204:Width 2841:and 2603:OCLC 2595:ISSN 2561:ISBN 2539:2017 2514:2024 2482:ISBN 2463:2024 2442:2007 2416:2006 2385:2024 2345:ISBN 2326:2022 2296:2021 2256:ISBN 2235:2021 2222:ISBN 2165:ISBN 2135:ISBN 2111:2021 2096:The 2068:2017 1945:ISBN 1914:ISBN 1894:ISBN 1810:2022 1780:2019 1560:The 1499:The 1353:and 1252:The 1225:The 1198:and 990:The 940:USS 932:Naic 911:and 756:Argo 754:HMS 752:and 747:HMS 728:Cebu 726:and 681:and 447:The 426:City 257:City 188:Area 2197:doi 1619:. 1603:in 1599:at 1487:to 1249:. 823:'s 784:at 637:un 584:to 428:of 3504:: 2837:, 2833:, 2829:, 2601:. 2530:. 2504:. 2433:, 2393:^ 2312:. 2282:. 2270:^ 2191:. 2179:^ 2149:^ 2119:^ 2101:. 2094:. 2059:. 2053:. 1925:^ 1871:^ 1856:^ 1796:. 1771:. 1757:^ 1577:. 1373:, 1156:. 987:. 934:, 922:. 904:, 886:. 788:. 772:, 666:. 629:. 354:. 306:: 302:, 298:: 294:, 3330:e 3323:t 3316:v 2809:e 2802:t 2795:v 2654:e 2647:t 2640:v 2609:. 2569:. 2541:. 2516:. 2490:. 2465:. 2418:. 2387:. 2353:. 2328:. 2298:. 2264:. 2237:. 2203:. 2199:: 2193:6 2173:. 2143:. 2113:. 2070:. 1953:. 1920:. 1900:. 1812:. 1782:. 1714:: 1054:) 1050:( 1044:) 416:. 373:( 288:( 34:. 20:)

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