31:
1092:
1205:
56:
1379:
rollers hunt on the wing, swooping on flying beetles, crickets and other insects which are crushed by their broad deep beaks and eaten on the wing. The azure roller and dollarbird will hunt huge swarms of termites and flying ants which appear after thunderstorms. Tens or hundreds of these rollers may
1372:
rollers are watch-and-wait hunters. They sit in a tree or on a post before descending on their prey and carrying it back to a perch in the beak before dismembering it. They take a wide range of terrestrial invertebrates, and small vertebrates such as frogs, lizards, rodents and young birds. They will
1280:
in size and build, ranging from 25 to 27 cm (9.8 to 10.6 in) in length. They share the colourful appearance of kingfishers and bee-eaters, blues and pinkish or cinnamon browns predominating. The rollers are similar in general morphology to their relatives in the order
Coraciiformes, having
1360:
in an unlined hole in a tree or in masonry, and lay 2–4 eggs in the tropics, 3–6 at higher latitudes. The eggs, which are white, hatch after 17–20 days, and the young remain in the nest for approximately another 30 days. Egg laying is staggered at one-day intervals so that if food is short only the
1342:, breeding in Europe and wintering in Africa, and the dollarbird also leaves much of its breeding range in winter. Other species are sedentary or short-range migrants. These are birds of open habitats with trees or other elevated perches from which to hunt.
251:. They are monogamous and nest in an unlined hole in a tree or in masonry, and lay 2–4 eggs in the tropics, 3–6 at higher latitudes. The eggs, which are white, hatch after 17–20 days, and the young remain in the nest for approximately another 30 days.
1289:
is reflected in their behaviour: rollers do not hop or move along perches and seldom use their feet other than for occasional lurching leaps along the ground pursuing escaping prey. The bill is robust, and is shorter yet broader in the genus
1355:
Rollers are noisy and aggressive when defending their nesting territories, which they patrol while displaying their striking plumage. Intruders are attacked with intimidating rolling dives. They are monogamous and
225:
in size and build, and share the colourful appearance of kingfishers and bee-eaters, blues and pinkish or cinnamon browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but not the outer one.
301:
The phylogenetic relationship between the six families that make up the order
Coraciiformes is shown in the cladogram below. The number of species in each family is taken from the list maintained by
1675:
Johansson, U. S.; Irestedt, M.; Qu, Y.; Ericson, P. G. P. (2018). "Phylogenetic relationships of rollers (Coraciidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and fifteen nuclear genes".
1742:
Mayr, Gerald; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (2000). "Rollers (Aves: Coraciiformes s.s.) from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany) and the Upper Eocene of the Quercy (France)".
2242:
1330:. Africa has most species, and is believed to be where the family originated. This is supported by the fact that the related ground rollers are found on
2116:
1399:"Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)"
298:, "like a raven", and the English name "roller" from the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights.
247:
Although living rollers are birds of warm climates in the Old World, fossil records show that rollers were present in North
America during the
2155:
1941:
1456:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 145, 252.
2237:
2090:
2129:
310:
1930:
1839:
1559:
Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2021).
2134:
1296:, sometimes known as the broad-billed rollers. The broad-billed rollers have brightly coloured bills, whereas those of the
30:
1825:
1914:
1807:
1491:
2204:
2069:
2160:
2082:
1373:
take items avoided by many other birds, such as hairy caterpillars, insects with warning colouration and snakes.
1755:
1285:, weak feet and short legs. The two inner front toes are connected, but not the outer one. The weakness of the
2142:
1430:
260:
122:
1823:
Fry, C. (2001). "Family
Coraciidae (Rollers)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
2012:
1999:
2017:
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302:
55:
2209:
2170:
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1952:
502:
2191:
2121:
1159:
951:
2183:
1510:; Berv, J.S.; Dornburg, A.; Field, D.J.; Townsend, J.P.; Lemmon, E.M.; Lemmon, A.R. (2015).
2038:
1990:
1561:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3′-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
1523:
1222:
1149:
1139:
907:
820:
592:
1936:
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older larger nestlings get fed. The chicks are naked, blind and helpless when they hatch.
8:
2232:
1649:
1512:"A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing"
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1232:
1189:
768:
627:
573:
522:
306:
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50:
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1457:
1410:
1252:
653:
506:
163:
2004:
259:
The roller family
Coraciidae was introduced (as Coracinia) by the French polymath
2030:
1451:
1335:
1179:
996:
2147:
1688:
2077:
2064:
1620:
1339:
2226:
1791:
1718:
1577:
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1302:(or true) rollers are black. Other differences between the two genera are in
1272:
Rollers can be identified as medium-sized birds with strong, slightly hooked
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1109:
862:
801:
320:
283:
267:
107:
38:
1975:
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1507:
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study by Ulf
Johansson and collaborators published in 2018 found that the
2103:
1984:
1396:
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and stocky bodies, often with brightly colored plumage. Rollers resemble
459:
42:
1937:
The distribution, status and places to see the roller in northeast Spain
1536:
1511:
213:
perform during courtship or territorial flights. The family contains 13
1331:
1292:
1211:
545:
518:
287:
240:
diving from a perch to catch food items from on the ground, like giant
230:
146:
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1357:
1327:
1303:
443:
340:
275:
202:
67:
2108:
2095:
1946:
1461:
1436:
Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés
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rollers, this reflects differences in their foraging ecology. Their
2056:
1969:
1298:
1098:
754:
236:
139:
87:
1397:
Clarke, Julia A.; D. T. Ksepka; N. A. Smith; M. A. Norell (2009).
1439:(in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 67.
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420:
214:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1604:"Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes"
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1853:
1851:
271:
248:
241:
218:
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1865:
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species taking their prey on the wing, and those of the genus
193:
2043:
1877:
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514:
210:
169:
1848:
1558:
1310:
rollers have longer wings (and shorter feet still) than the
1756:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0533:RACSSF]2.0.CO;2
1277:
279:
222:
181:
172:
97:
1674:
1478:
Forshaw, J. & Kemp, A. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
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178:
166:
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1453:
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The roller family has two extant genera as follows:
190:
1741:
1477:
175:
1905:Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1992).
1785:
1479:
2224:
290:. The family gets its scientific name for Latin
209:because of the aerial acrobatics some of these
1486:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 145–147.
1326:The rollers are found in warmer parts of the
1904:
1888:
1871:
1859:
1390:
2243:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1719:"Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers"
1321:
292:
254:
184:
1429:
29:
1629:
1619:
1586:
1576:
1535:
1414:
1403:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1601:
266:It is one of six families in the order
2225:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
311:International Ornithological Committee
1951:
1950:
1830:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp.
1677:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1656:. International Ornithologists' Union
1473:
1471:
2171:b6b95099-b9b7-4048-b039-adee188026af
2083:7a8400e1-fe5b-462b-bf92-a575ed991567
1449:
228:They are mainly insect eaters, with
1907:Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers
1828:. Volume 6, Mousebirds to Hornbills
1822:
1816:
1783:
1770:
1281:large heads on short necks, bright
309:and David Donsker on behalf of the
13:
1826:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1744:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1654:"IOC World Bird List Version 14.1"
1468:
1318:are "repeated short, gruff caws".
14:
2259:
1924:
1796:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
1602:Stiller, J.; et al. (2024).
1416:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00550.x
1203:
1090:
162:
54:
2238:Extant Eocene first appearances
1933:on the Internet Bird Collection
1735:
1711:
1565:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1482:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
1668:
1638:
1595:
1552:
1500:
1443:
1431:Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel
1423:
1380:be attracted to large swarms.
1267:
1:
1898:
1383:
366:– ground rollers (5 species)
261:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
462:– kingfishers (118 species)
7:
1689:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.030
1350:
1345:
10:
2264:
1889:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1872:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1860:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1798:. Firefly Books. pp.
1621:10.1038/s41586-024-07323-1
1364:
697:E. orientalis waigiouensis
343:– bee-eaters (31 species)
270:, which also includes the
205:birds, which are known as
1959:
1588:21.11116/0000-0007-B72A-C
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51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
1652:, eds. (December 2023).
1450:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
1322:Distribution and habitat
1306:length; the more aerial
632:E. orientalis orientalis
255:Taxonomy and systematics
217:and is divided into two
1784:Fry, C. Hilary (2003).
681:E. orientalis pacificus
446:– motmots (14 species)
382:– rollers (13 species)
1578:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
695:Oriental dollarbird –
679:Oriental dollarbird –
503:molecular phylogenetic
293:
2192:Paleobiology Database
1247:Eurystomus orientalis
1160:Lilac-breasted roller
1124:Coracias benghalensis
952:Lilac-breasted roller
527:Eurystomus orientalis
423:– todies (5 species)
2078:Fauna Europaea (new)
1909:. Christopher Helm.
1792:Perrins, Christopher
1237:Eurystomus glaucurus
1223:Blue-throated roller
1194:Coracias cyanogaster
1174:Coracias abyssinicus
1150:Racket-tailed roller
1140:Purple-winged roller
908:Purple-winged roller
821:Racket-tailed roller
593:Blue-throated roller
1723:IOC World Bird List
1537:10.1038/nature15697
1528:2015Natur.526..569P
1243:Oriental dollarbird
1233:Broad-billed roller
1190:Blue-bellied roller
1154:Coracias spatulatus
1144:Coracias temminckii
769:Blue-bellied roller
628:Oriental dollarbird
574:Broad-billed roller
523:Oriental dollarbird
307:Pamela C. Rasmussen
221:. Rollers resemble
1942:Roller from Turkey
1874:, pp. 98–102.
1648:; Donsker, David;
1257:Eurystomus azureus
1227:Eurystomus gularis
1130:Indochinese roller
889:Indochinese roller
513:) was nested in a
511:Eurystomus azureus
2220:
2219:
2179:Open Tree of Life
1953:Taxon identifiers
1891:, pp. 15–16.
1841:978-84-87334-30-6
1650:Rasmussen, Pamela
1522:(7574): 569–573.
1265:
1264:
1184:Coracias garrulus
1170:Abyssinian roller
1164:Coracias caudatus
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1055:
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978:Abyssinian roller
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364:Brachypteraciidae
201:) is a family of
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1134:Coracias affinis
1114:Coracias naevius
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1085:Living Species
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36:
32:
27:
22:
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1960:
1906:
1867:
1824:
1818:
1795:
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1726:. Retrieved
1722:
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1658:. Retrieved
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578:E. glaucurus
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157:
156:
145:
138:
117:
18:
2104:iNaturalist
1985:Wikispecies
1646:Gill, Frank
1614:: 851–860.
1268:Description
1001:C. garrulus
956:C. caudatus
536:Coraciidae
517:containing
460:Alcedinidae
288:kingfishers
43:Maharashtra
2233:Coraciidae
2227:Categories
2005:Coraciidae
1991:Coraciidae
1961:Coraciidae
1899:Cited text
1728:2017-03-10
1508:Prum, R.O.
1384:References
1377:Eurystomus
1332:Madagascar
1308:Eurystomus
1293:Eurystomus
1212:Eurystomus
893:C. affinis
806:C. naevius
658:E. azureus
597:E. gularis
546:Eurystomus
519:subspecies
380:Coraciidae
303:Frank Gill
276:bee-eaters
231:Eurystomus
158:Coraciidae
147:Eurystomus
123:Rafinesque
118:Coraciidae
1787:"Rollers"
1683:: 17–22.
1340:migratory
1328:Old World
444:Momotidae
341:Meropidae
263:in 1815.
203:Old World
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1970:Wikidata
1764:56065258
1697:29631051
1631:11111414
1546:26444237
1462:2246/830
1433:(1815).
1370:Coracias
1351:Breeding
1346:Behavior
1312:Coracias
1299:Coracias
1099:Coracias
755:Coracias
294:coracium
237:Coracias
140:Coracias
114:Family:
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
45:, India
24:Rollers
1832:342–369
1800:380–381
1794:(ed.).
1705:5011292
1660:17 June
1524:Bibcode
1365:Feeding
1283:plumage
521:of the
421:Todidae
313:(IOC).
272:motmots
242:shrikes
215:species
207:rollers
131:Genera
104:Order:
94:Class:
2210:196027
2184:244696
2168:NZOR:
2135:178133
2122:101601
2057:1CORCF
1976:Q44245
1913:
1838:
1806:
1762:
1703:
1695:
1628:
1608:Nature
1544:
1516:Nature
1490:
1334:. The
1069:Genera
286:, and
280:todies
249:Eocene
219:genera
125:, 1815
2205:WoRMS
2197:39376
2161:56290
2117:IRMNG
2070:10830
2018:52563
1790:. In
1760:S2CID
1701:S2CID
1316:calls
1278:crows
1274:beaks
1082:Genus
1079:Image
515:clade
223:crows
211:birds
41:from
2156:NCBI
2130:ITIS
2109:2262
2096:9307
2091:GBIF
2052:EPPO
2044:7973
2013:BOLD
1911:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1693:PMID
1662:2024
1542:PMID
1488:ISBN
1358:nest
1304:wing
98:Aves
2143:NBN
2039:EoL
2031:8JG
2026:CoL
2000:AFD
1752:doi
1685:doi
1681:126
1626:PMC
1616:doi
1612:629
1583:hdl
1573:doi
1532:doi
1520:526
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