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in
October 1958, establishing themselves as the dominant political parties in the country. Signatories and supporters of the Pact stated that it was created to preserve democracy and to share governorship between parties. Critics believed that the Pact allowed signing parties to limit control over
471:
Caldera was elected president in
December 1968 and for the first time in Venezuela's history, opposition parties transferred power peacefully. COPEI was also the first Venezuelan political party to assume power peacefully on its first attempt. The only other COPEI member to become president of
1274:
another example is the PSUV in
Venezuela, which served in government as a single party for 14 years following a period of multi-party politics. After the death of the charismatic party leader, Hugo Chavez, the PSUV had a new leader, yet managed to form a single-party government again in
135:
1395:
was both the 8th and 10th
President because the two periods where he was president were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes acting president under the Constitution is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a
930:
1409:
or the installation of military dictatorships, thus extending the time between two elections. Venezuela's unique history has allowed several presidents to serve during a single term, as well as some presidents, such as
1195:
871:
483:
Governing by COPEI and AD would continue through the rest of the century. Dissatisfaction with the established governmental system of patronage increased, culminating in the
1591:
727:
1206:
1797:
1454:
1027:
1032:
1365:
1432:
1234:
Musil, Pelin Ayan (2015-01-02). "Emergence of a
Dominant Party System After Multipartyism: Theoretical Implications from the Case of the AKP in Turkey".
1817:
1802:
46:
39:
1650:
755:
1405:
For the purposes of numbering, a term is a period between two presidential elections. Some terms might be longer than originally expected due to
704:
1807:
1300:
1532:
1447:
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For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example,
270:
484:
430:), but this provisional full name has fallen out of use. The party was influential during the twentieth century as a signatory of the
1812:
1318:
468:, leaving governing of Venezuela to COPEI and AD. The Puntofijo system ultimately created a network of patronage for both parties.
324:
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551:
1708:
1665:
1463:
1343:
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931:"Document #22: "Pact of Punto Fijo," Acción Democrática, COPEI and Unión Republicana Democrática (1958) | Modern Latin America"
699:
547:
536:
528:
520:
372:
1440:
1159:
956:
Corrales, Javier (2001-01-01). "Strong
Societies, Weak Parties: Regime Change in Cuba and Venezuela in the 1950s and Today".
796:
500:
495:, COPEI passed over choosing Caldera as their candidate. Caldera would afterwards win the election through his newly founded
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said the party was "dying an undignified death" as infighting among leaders could not agree on a path for the party.
165:
147:
108:
476:, from 1979 to 1983. However, Herrera Campins fell from grace due to a drop in oil revenue, leading to AD candidate
89:
1743:
1660:
683:
636:
496:
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783:
61:
1555:
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Voter turnout rose significantly in the 1998 elections, reversing a two-decade trend toward lower participation.
1737:
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524:
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Venezuela's government to themselves. URD would later leave the pact in 1962 following Cuba's removal from the
310:
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1478:
452:
68:
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designated new leaders of COPEI, leading some to state that the party was infiltrated by the PSUV. By 2017,
1616:
219:
1645:
456:
785:
The Media in the Core of
Political Conflict: Venezuela During the Last Years of Hugo Chávez's Presidency
1196:"Venezuela's 1998: Presidential, Legislative, and Gubernatorial Elections: Election Observation Report"
75:
728:"En 5 puntos: Plataforma Unitaria anuncia su participaciĂłn en las regionales con la tarjeta de la MUD"
1514:
499:
party. Soon after being elected, Caldera freed Chávez, who became
Caldera's successor following the
1544:
904:
57:
1574:
35:
1748:
1102:
Buxton, Julia (2005-07-01). "Venezuela's
Contemporary Political Crisis in Historical Context".
998:
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8:
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232:
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1366:"Enrique Mendoza: Candidatos de Copei deben tener el aval de las direcciones regionales"
1502:
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82:
1205:. International Republican Institute. 12 February 1999. p. 12. Archived from
820:
1761:
1598:
1253:
415:
876:
Christian
Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts
843:
Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts
1726:
1655:
611:
477:
460:
448:
431:
181:
1288:"Elecciones 30 de Julio de 2000 VOTOS DIPUTADOS LISTAS A LA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL"
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488:
1786:
1702:
1687:
1370:
1261:
1147:
1123:
806:
1697:
142:
1055:"Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in Venezuela"
756:"Plataforma Unitaria anuncia que participará en las elecciones del 21-N"
1080:
977:
649:
303:
207:
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434:
and influenced many politicians throughout Latin America at its peak.
1692:
1468:
419:
969:
134:
24:
825:
245:
1339:"DivulgaciĂłn Elecciones Parlamentarias - 26 de Septiembre de 2010"
511:
With the election of Chávez, Venezuela entered into a period of a
620:
532:
200:
846:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 81.
293:
870:
Crisp, Brian F.; Levine, Daniel H.; Molina, Jose E. (2003),
535:
and did not win any seats in the National Assembly. In the
994:
Hugo Chávez: Oil, Politics, and the Challenge to the U.S.
1137:
Guillermo Aveledo Coll: Christians in Politics - YouTube
527:, with the party receiving 5.10% of valid votes. In the
1427:
424:
ComitĂ© de OrganizaciĂłn PolĂtica Electoral Independiente
428:
Independent Political Electoral Organization Committee
356:
1152:
Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II
869:
865:
863:
840:Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy, eds. (2003).
1784:
839:
705:Interventions of political parties in Venezuela
949:
860:
1798:Christian democratic parties in South America
1651:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela
1448:
1319:"3 Anti-Chávez Parties Pull Out of Election"
872:"The Rise and Decline of COPEI in Venezuela"
523:COPEI won a meager five of 165 seats in the
539:, COPEI was part of the broad oppositional
1455:
1441:
878:, Stanford University Press, p. 275,
561:
517:United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV)
271:Christian Democrat Organization of America
1818:Intervened political parties in Venezuela
1803:Christian democratic parties in Venezuela
1385:
1070:
781:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
955:
447:COPEI was founded on 13 January 1946 by
990:
902:
1785:
1666:National Council of Venezuelan Indians
1344:National Electoral Council (Venezuela)
1316:
1296:National Electoral Council (Venezuela)
1101:
750:
748:
722:
720:
700:List of political parties in Venezuela
548:2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election
45:Please improve this article by adding
1808:Political parties established in 1946
1436:
1414:, serving twice during a single term.
1233:
501:1998 Venezuelan presidential election
1399:
1052:
898:
896:
894:
485:1992 Venezuelan coup d'Ă©tat attempts
18:
1707:Progressive Movement of Venezuela (
1497:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
1237:South European Society and Politics
1104:Bulletin of Latin American Research
1095:
1046:
958:Latin American Politics and Society
745:
717:
13:
1141:
1023:"JĂłvito Villalba, URD y Margarita"
14:
1829:
1610:Popular Revolutionary Alternative
1421:
1317:Forero, Juan (30 November 2005).
891:
821:"Q&A: Venezuela's referendum"
457:Democratic Republican Union (URD)
1813:1946 establishments in Venezuela
1744:Republican Bicentennial Vanguard
1661:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
1467:
1306:from the original on 2017-08-05.
1116:10.1111/j.0261-3050.2005.00138.x
648:
601:
543:and won eight of the 165 seats.
493:1993 Venezuelan general election
480:winning the presidency in 1984.
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1331:
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1280:
1227:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1130:
1053:Karl, Terry Lynn (1987-01-01).
1035:from the original on 2009-02-12
1015:
984:
903:Linares, Rodrigo (2017-03-27).
506:
466:Organization of American States
442:
281:Centrist Democrat International
1793:Political parties in Venezuela
1683:Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano
1539:Authentic Renewal Organization
1464:Political parties in Venezuela
1059:Latin American Research Review
923:
833:
813:
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541:Coalition for Democratic Unity
199:Avenida La Gloria, El Bosque,
1:
997:Palgrave Macmillan. pp.
710:
47:secondary or tertiary sources
1617:Communist Party of Venezuela
1254:10.1080/13608746.2014.968981
213:Juventud DemĂłcrata Cristiana
16:Political party in Venezuela
7:
1646:Democratic Republican Union
1533:People's Electoral Movement
1203:Election Observation Report
693:
552:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
537:2010 parliamentary election
10:
1834:
1732:Fearless People's Alliance
531:COPEI staged an electoral
529:2005 legislative elections
521:2000 legislative elections
437:
391:, also referred to as the
1767:List of political parties
1757:
1628:
1592:United Venezuela Alliance
1515:We Are Venezuela Movement
1477:
1428:Official website (ad-hoc)
1072:10.1017/S0023879100016435
991:Kozloff, Nikolas (2007).
782:Salojärvi, Virpi (2016).
576:
427:
422:. The acronym stands for
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277:International affiliation
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1545:Venezuelan Popular Unity
764:(in Spanish). 2021-08-31
734:(in Spanish). 2021-08-31
1171:Marcano and Tyszka 2007
562:Presidents of Venezuela
401:Partido Socialcristiano
240:Political position
1749:Humanist Popular Front
1641:Movement for Socialism
453:Democratic Action (AD)
408:
400:
393:Social Christian Party
34:relies excessively on
1772:Politics of Venezuela
550:, the pro-government
513:dominant-party system
368:Politics of Venezuela
1671:National Convergence
1636:Agreement for Change
1490:Great Patriotic Pole
1246:Taylor & Francis
659:Luis Herrera Campins
497:National Convergence
474:Luis Herrera Campins
413:Christian democratic
267:Regional affiliation
257:National affiliation
166:Juan Carlos Alvarado
148:Juan Carlos Alvarado
1629:Extra-parliamentary
1569:Progressive Advance
1556:Democratic Alliance
1527:Alliance for Change
1347:. 26 September 2010
1212:on 4 September 2015
1028:El Sol de Margarita
905:"Requiem for COPEI"
829:. 30 November 2007.
261:Democratic Alliance
233:Economic liberalism
229:Christian democracy
225:Social conservatism
1503:Fatherland for All
1324:The New York Times
910:Caracas Chronicles
674:– 2 February 1984
556:Caracas Chronicles
1780:
1779:
1736:Emergent People (
1722:Project Venezuela
1563:Democratic Action
1479:National Assembly
1412:Jose Maria Vargas
1160:978-0-19-928358-3
798:978-951-51-1092-3
691:
690:
525:National Assembly
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373:Political parties
325:States' Governors
311:National Assembly
161:Secretary-General
153:Roberto EnrĂquez
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1762:Portal:Politics
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1675:Citizen Force (
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1599:Venezuela First
1575:Hope for Change
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1185:. pp. 182–86.
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1698:Popular Will
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405:Green Party
297:(customary)
1787:Categories
1378:2019-09-13
1351:2019-09-13
1183:Jones 2007
1039:2019-09-13
942:2019-09-13
916:2019-09-13
768:2021-08-31
738:2021-08-31
711:References
668:Portuguesa
491:. For the
426:(English:
407:(Spanish:
304:Lime green
294:Dark green
208:Youth wing
69:newspapers
36:references
1693:A New Era
1270:219697348
1262:1360-8746
1248:: 71–92.
1148:Nohlen, D
1124:1470-9856
1089:252930082
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578:President
574:Portrait
519:. In the
451:. COPEI,
420:Venezuela
378:Elections
173:(de jure)
169:(ad-hoc)
155:(de jure)
151:(ad-hoc)
1509:Tupamaro
1301:Archived
1033:Archived
826:BBC News
694:See also
411:), is a
343:15 / 337
220:Ideology
1521:PODEMOS
1396:period.
1154:, p555
1150:(2005)
1081:2503543
978:3176972
621:Yaracuy
533:boycott
487:led by
438:History
397:Spanish
350:Website
317:1 / 277
201:Caracas
188:Founded
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