160:-insured members above 18 years pay the copayments costs for some medicines, therapeutic measures and appliances such as physiotherapy and hearing aids up to the limit of 2% of the family's annual gross income. For chronically ill patients, the co-payment limit is 1% including any dependant living in their home. The average length of hospital stay in Germany has decreased in recent years from 14 days to 9 days, still considerably longer than average stays in the U.S. (5 to 6 days). The difference is partly driven by the fact that hospital reimbursement is chiefly a function of the number of hospital days as opposed to procedures or the patient's diagnosis. Drug costs have increased substantially, rising nearly 60% from 1991 through 2005. Despite attempts to contain costs, overall health care expenditures rose to 10.7% of GDP in 2005, comparable to other western European nations, but substantially less than that spent in the U.S. (nearly 16% of GDP). However, after
25:
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or temporary subsidized copayment reduction programs lasting from two months to twelve months. Thereafter, if a patient is still taking the brand name medication, the pharmaceutical companies might remove the option and require full payments. If no similar drug is available, the patient is "locked
458:
Dormuth CR, et al. Impact of two sequential drug cost-sharing policies on the use of inhaled medications in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Clin Ther 2006;28:964-78; discussion
383:
Schacht, Wendy H. and Thomas, John R. Patent Law and Its
Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Examination of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984("The Hatch-Waxman
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236:
researchers concluded that higher copayments were associated with lower rates of drug treatment, worse adherence among existing users, and more frequent discontinuation of therapy.
129:. It may be a small portion of the actual cost of the medical service but is meant to deter people from seeking medical care that may not be necessary, e.g., an infection by the
140:
However, a copay may also discourage people from seeking necessary medical care, and higher copays may result in non-use of essential medical services and prescriptions.
385:
94:
in
Australian English) is a fixed amount for a covered service, paid by a patient to the provider of service before receiving the service. It may be defined in an
114:
up to a certain limit. It must be paid before any policy benefit is payable by an insurance company. Copayments do not usually contribute towards any policy
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180:. Occasionally if a non-generic drug is reduced in price insurers will agree to classify it as generic for copayment purposes (as occurred with
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35:
165:
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412:"Association Between Prescription Co-Payment Amount and Compliance With Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer"
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253:
Benefits update. 2006 medical plan frequently asked questions. What is the difference between co-payments, coinsurance, and deductibles?
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in" to either using the drug with the high copays, or a patient takes no drugs and lives with the consequences of non-treatment.
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Borger C, Smith S, Truffer C, et al. (2006). "Health spending projections through 2015: changes on the horizon".
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level in which waiting lists act as rationing tools, copayment can serve to reduce the welfare cost of waiting lists.
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Medication copayments have also been associated with reduced use of necessary and appropriate medications for
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reasons cannot be produced as a generic drug. However, much of this time is exhausted during pre-clinical and
470:
Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health.
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184:). Pharmaceutical companies have a very long term (frequently 20 years or longer) lock on a drug as a
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Neugut AI, Subar M, Wilde ET, Stratton S, Brouse CH, Hillyer GC, Grann VR, Hershman DL (May 2011).
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279:'The social cost of hospital waiting lists and the case for copayment: Evidence from Galicia'
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To cushion the high copay costs of brand name drugs, some pharmaceutical companies offer
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Some insurance companies set the copay percentage for non-generic drugs higher than for
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Drug copayment and adherence in chronic heart failure: effect on cost and outcomes.
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325:"Average Length of Hospital Stay, by Diagnostic Category – United States, 2003"
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164:(Research Institute for the Future of Labor) showed the copayment system was
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deal primarily with the United States and
Germany and do not represent a
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had introduced copayments in the late 1990s in an attempt to prevent
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299:"Germany: Health reform triggers sharp drop in number of hospitals"
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where a coinsurance is a percentage payment after the
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264:Lindsay, Cotton M. and Bernard Feigenbaum (1984)
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16:Fixed price for a service, in insurance contexts
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168:, it was voted out by the Bundestag in 2012.
32:The examples and perspective in this article
121:Insurance companies use copayments to share
500:
486:
403:
329:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
133:. In health systems with prices below the
118:maximum, whereas coinsurance payments do.
98:and paid by an insured person each time a
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268:, American Economic Review 74(3): 404-17.
102:is accessed. It is technically a form of
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
462:
1484:
277:Diego Varela and Anca Timofte (2011),
481:
222:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
171:
166:ineffective in reducing doctor visits
18:
207:
13:
539:Accidental death and dismemberment
14:
1513:
665:Directors and officers liability
400:Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1157-64.
156:and control costs. For example,
106:, but is defined differently in
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1502:Healthcare in the United States
468:Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Zheng Y.
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1432:Savings and loan association
266:'Rationing by waiting lists'
255:Retrieved November 10, 2008.
232:. In a 2007 meta-analysis,
7:
865:Insurance-linked securities
387:Retrieved December 1, 2014.
251:University of Puget Sound.
46:, discuss the issue on the
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554:Total permanent disability
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1294:Health insurance coverage
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559:Business overhead expense
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695:Protection and indemnity
428:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.3179
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150:German healthcare system
1152:Explanation of benefits
624:Variable universal life
1289:Health insurance costs
690:Professional liability
363:10.1377/hlthaff.25.w61
158:Techniker Krankenkasse
1492:Healthcare in Germany
1145:Out-of-pocket expense
1006:Workers' compensation
660:Collateral protection
650:Business interruption
351:Health Aff (Millwood)
1368:Corpus Juris Civilis
472:JAMA 2007;298:61-69.
52:create a new article
44:improve this article
1427:Rochdale Principles
1422:Mutual savings bank
1417:Mutual organization
1402:Cooperative banking
1319:Mesopotamian banker
599:Longevity insurance
1179:Insurable interest
680:Payment protection
581:Payment protection
284:2015-11-07 at the
214:chronic conditions
172:Prescription drugs
1479:
1478:
1324:Code of Hammurabi
1299:Vehicle insurance
1194:Replacement value
1086:Actual cash value
1050:Adverse selection
1040:Actuarial science
1014:
1013:
946:Kidnap and ransom
919:Extended warranty
566:Income protection
194:clinical research
123:health care costs
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54:, as appropriate.
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1497:Health insurance
1437:Social insurance
1392:Friendly society
1284:Health insurance
1112:Short rate table
860:Catastrophe bond
761:Lenders mortgage
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96:insurance policy
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1412:Fraternal order
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1189:Proximate cause
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1164:General average
1123:Claims adjuster
1065:Risk management
1060:Risk assessment
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976:Prize indemnity
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422:(18): 2534–42.
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1470:List of topics
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1337:§235–238; §240
1329:§100–105; §126
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305:. 25 July 2005
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38:of the subject
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357:(2): w61–73.
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218:heart failure
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60:February 2017
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1219:Underwriting
1174:Insurability
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1135:Co-insurance
1105:
1101:Cancellation
892:Catastrophic
877:Climate risk
705:Trade credit
464:
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416:J Clin Oncol
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334:November 14,
332:. Retrieved
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309:November 14,
307:. Retrieved
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211:
201:drug coupons
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127:moral hazard
120:
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33:
1442:Trade union
1397:Cooperative
1070:Uncertainty
929:Index-based
897:Multi-peril
855:Reinsurance
814:Public auto
719:Residential
182:simvastatin
131:common cold
125:to prevent
104:coinsurance
1486:Categories
1237:by country
1235:Insurance
1209:Total loss
1130:Deductible
1091:Cash value
1035:Act of God
1020:Insurance
934:Parametric
914:Expatriate
790:Transport/
756:Landlords'
741:Earthquake
629:Whole life
549:Disability
186:brand name
112:deductible
90:(called a
1383:Syndicate
1349:Collegium
1244:Australia
1199:Risk pool
1169:Indemnity
1140:Copayment
1074:Knightian
986:Terrorism
956:Liability
824:Satellite
685:Pollution
609:Term life
518:insurance
516:Types of
509:Insurance
84:copayment
48:talk page
1463:Category
1341:§275–277
1259:Pakistan
1107:Pro rata
996:War risk
961:No-fault
872:Casualty
829:Shipping
799:Aviation
776:Renters'
771:Property
766:Mortgage
736:Contents
710:Umbrella
670:Fidelity
638:Business
534:Accident
446:21606426
371:16495287
282:Archived
42:You may
1388:Benefit
1375:Digesta
1311:History
1045:Actuary
1001:Weather
991:Tuition
981:Takaful
909:Deposit
839:Vehicle
437:3138633
303:Allianz
144:Germany
1264:Serbia
1224:Profit
1096:Broker
1022:policy
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726:Boiler
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526:Health
459:962-3.
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228:, and
190:patent
1360:Guild
1254:India
1249:China
1118:Claim
924:Group
904:Cyber
882:Crime
848:Other
781:Title
746:Flood
384:Act")
240:Notes
88:copay
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1055:Risk
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887:Crop
751:Home
645:Bond
591:Life
442:PMID
367:PMID
336:2011
311:2011
234:RAND
148:The
1027:law
966:Pet
432:PMC
424:doi
359:doi
92:gap
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