17:
81:
136:. (An earlier version, that the soldiers were discovered by an Arab shepherd whom they graciously let go, was based on a eulogy written by Ben-Gurion and is apparently apocryphal.) A large number of armed villagers from Surif and other communities gathered to block the way. The battle was fought in two stages, four hours apart, with hundreds of Arabs from a nearby training base taking part. The Haganah force battled until it ran out of ammunition. The last of the 35 was apparently killed at about 4:30 p.m. Among the dead were Tuvia Kushnir, one of the country's most promising botanists, Moshe Perlstein, an
73:
131:
The fate of the 35 was reconstructed from
British and Arab reports. The six hours of night that remained did not suffice for the trip. About an hour before the convoy reached their destination, it became light. Their presence was discovered by two Arab women who encountered two scouts of the group
398:, it was assumed that the precise location of the final battle was on the Jordanian side of the armistice line. However, in 1967 the British police officer who had found the bodies in 1948 and Arab witnesses independently identified a hilltop on the Israeli side of the line.
174:
According to one account the last three Jews to die blew themselves up with a grenade. This account also reports that several Arab sources claimed a young woman was amongst those killed, and that to restore public confidence in the Jewish fighting forces the
551:
The
Scotsman, Monday 19 January 1948: "The dead include three members of the Hebrew Communist Party. Also an American. Moshe Periman, a former GI of Brooklyn, New York. He is the first American killed in the Palestinian civil
183:
on 14 February in which 60 villagers were killed. A contemporary report puts the number of casualties in Sa'sa at 11 killed and 3 wounded, but official sources confirm the figure of 60 killed with 20 houses destroyed.
832:
171:
and notables, the
British were led to the site of the battle where they found the bodies of the 35. According to some reports the bodies had been mutilated beyond recognition.
120:. Three were sent back because one man sprained an ankle, and two accompanied him. The remaining 35 were killed by Arab villagers and militiamen between the villages of
60:
in
January 1948, after earlier motorized convoys had been attacked. They were spotted before they could reach their destination and killed in a prolonged battle by Arab
159:, in which it was heard that many were killed and some were wounded. After no word of the 35 had been received for a long time and wounded Arabs started arriving at
412:
Yael
Zerubavel analysed remembrance of the event using the number 35 as a prominent example of the Israeli practice of "numerical commemoration".
563:
105:
49:
16:
793:
394:) near the convoy's route. They built a memorial commemorating the fallen Haganah soldiers there (see picture). Prior to the 1967
631:
456:
80:
852:
837:
100:
attack on
January 14. The unit, named in Hebrew "Machleket HaHar" (lit. Mountain Platoon), set out on foot from
759:
Yael
Zerubavel (2014). ""Numerical Commemoration" and the Challenges of Collective Remembrance in Israel".
88:
On 16 January 1948, a convoy of 38 men was sent by the
Haganah to deliver supplies to the four blockaded
216:
is led to certain verses which give hints as to the subjects in question. They were buried in
447:
193:
164:
520:
Newspaper interview with
Yohanan Ben-Yaakov: "The 35's Second Battle" (הקרב השני של הל"ה),
421:
8:
776:
594:
426:
61:
780:
627:
452:
149:
847:
842:
768:
643:
505:
379:
113:
383:
37:
117:
826:
808:
795:
137:
772:
200:, only 23 of the 35 bodies could be identified. To solve the problem, Rabbi
521:
180:
141:
448:
The
Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977
395:
217:
201:
109:
57:
21:
535:"Rare Flower Rediscovered in Israel's North, for First Time in 60 Years"
406:
209:
221:
93:
76:
January 1948 casualties of the "Convoy of 35" being brought to burial
584:
An Nal Book, New York. Library of Congress number 77-96925. pp.52,53
534:
121:
749:, Vol III. English edition: University Press of America 1998, p29.
375:
371:
176:
168:
89:
53:
45:
41:
72:
197:
160:
145:
101:
213:
156:
155:
A phone conversation about the battle was intercepted by the
133:
125:
728:
167:
to investigate. After threatening and exhorting the village
486:
Siege in the hills of Hebron: the battle of the Etzion Bloc
97:
500:
Nadav Shragai, The legend of ambushed Palmach squad '35',
52:
on a mission to reach by foot and resupply the blockaded
626:. Spring Valley, NY: Philipp Feldheim. pp. 139,162–165.
624:
A Tzaddik in Our Time: The life of Rabbi Aryeh Levin
833:
Battles and operations of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
212:) ceremony, a process in which the reader of the
824:
506:http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1081380.html
496:
494:
401:The story of the 35 was immortalised in a poem,
84:A monument commemorating the 35 fallen fighters
758:
491:
196:, when the bodies of the 35 were returned to
607:
516:
514:
508:, April 27, 2009, last accessed May 2, 2009
471:Arieh O'Sullivan, A Magnificent Disaster,
163:, the British dispatched a platoon of the
582:Genesis 1948. The First Arab-Israeli War.
511:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
564:"Moshe Avigdor Perlstein - World Machal"
79:
71:
50:1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
15:
747:History of Israel's War of Independence
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
104:at 11 p.m. on January 15, commanded by
825:
612:. Yale University Press. p. 106.
179:launched an attack on the village of
654:
467:
465:
227:
36:, which stands for "thirty five" in
387:
116:station, to avoid detection by the
13:
370:In August 1949, a group of former
148:in 1947, and three members of the
14:
864:
462:
561:
365:
108:. They took a detour around the
752:
739:
636:
616:
601:
587:
574:
555:
545:
527:
478:
439:
20:Graves of the Convoy of 35 in
1:
733:אתר ההנצחה לחללי מערכות ישראל
432:
7:
502:Haaretz.com English edition
415:
10:
869:
233:
67:
445:Gershom Gorenberg (2007)
187:
92:of Gush Etzion, south of
48:fighters sent during the
305:Alexander Avraham Lustig
773:10.2979/histmemo.26.1.5
598:, Feb 16, 1948, page 1.
324:Moshe Avigdor Perlstein
853:Burials at Mount Herzl
838:History of Gush Etzion
290:Alexander Yehuda Cohen
150:Hebrew Communist Party
85:
77:
25:
608:Benny Morris (2008).
194:1948 Arab-Israeli War
165:Royal Sussex Regiment
144:veteran who had made
83:
75:
64:and local villagers.
19:
761:History & Memory
622:Raz, Simcha (1976).
580:Kurzman, Don (1970)
524:, 14 January 2005. .
422:Kfar Etzion massacre
246:Binyamin Bugoslavsky
809:31.6803°N 35.0561°E
805: /
403:Here Our Bodies Lie
374:soldiers founded a
280:Eliyahu Hershkovitz
204:performed the rare
40:), was a convoy of
595:The New York Times
427:Gush Etzion Convoy
86:
78:
26:
568:www.machal.org.il
363:
362:
228:Names of the dead
860:
820:
819:
817:
816:
815:
814:31.6803; 35.0561
810:
806:
803:
802:
801:
798:
785:
784:
756:
750:
743:
737:
736:
725:
652:
651:
648:www.izkor.gov.il
640:
634:
620:
614:
613:
605:
599:
591:
585:
578:
572:
571:
559:
553:
549:
543:
542:
531:
525:
518:
509:
498:
489:
484:Dov Knoh (1958)
482:
476:
469:
460:
443:
389:
380:Netiv HaLamed He
327:Binyamin Parsitz
274:Yitzhak Ginzburg
262:Yaakov Ben-Attar
255:Benzion Ben-Meir
232:
231:
114:Palestine Police
868:
867:
863:
862:
861:
859:
858:
857:
823:
822:
813:
811:
807:
804:
799:
796:
794:
792:
791:
789:
788:
757:
753:
744:
740:
727:
726:
655:
642:
641:
637:
621:
617:
606:
602:
592:
588:
579:
575:
560:
556:
550:
546:
541:. 5 April 2012.
533:
532:
528:
519:
512:
499:
492:
483:
479:
470:
463:
444:
440:
435:
418:
368:
315:Eliyahu Mizrahi
302:Yitzhak Zvuloni
249:Yehuda Bitensky
230:
190:
96:, following an
70:
38:Hebrew numerals
12:
11:
5:
866:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
787:
786:
751:
738:
653:
635:
615:
600:
586:
573:
554:
544:
526:
510:
490:
477:
475:, Jan 16, 1998
473:Jerusalem Post
461:
437:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
424:
417:
414:
392:path of the 35
367:
364:
361:
360:
358:
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
340:Yaakov Shmueli
338:
333:
332:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:Amnon Michaeli
316:
313:
308:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:Yitzhak Halevi
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
258:
257:
256:
253:
252:Oded Ben-Yamin
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
229:
226:
189:
186:
69:
66:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
865:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
821:
818:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
748:
745:U. Milstein,
742:
734:
730:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
649:
645:
639:
633:
632:0-87306-986-2
629:
625:
619:
611:
604:
597:
596:
590:
583:
577:
569:
565:
562:Reis, Nadav.
558:
548:
540:
536:
530:
523:
517:
515:
507:
503:
497:
495:
487:
481:
474:
468:
466:
458:
457:0-8050-8241-7
454:
450:
449:
442:
438:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
413:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:Commemoration
359:
354:
352:Tuvia Kushnir
351:
348:
346:Yaakov Kotick
345:
343:David Zwebner
342:
339:
337:David Sabarna
336:
335:
334:
329:
326:
323:
321:Shaul Pinueli
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
309:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
284:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
259:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
240:Yisrael Aloni
239:
236:
235:
234:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
185:
182:
178:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
82:
74:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
18:
790:
764:
760:
754:
746:
741:
732:
647:
638:
623:
618:
609:
603:
593:
589:
581:
576:
567:
557:
547:
538:
529:
522:Makor Rishon
501:
485:
480:
472:
446:
441:
411:
402:
400:
391:
369:
355:Daniel Reich
349:Yosef Kofler
299:Yaakov Caspi
296:Yehiel Kelev
293:Yaakov Cohen
265:Yosef Baruch
206:goral ha-gra
205:
191:
173:
154:
142:World War II
130:
87:
33:
30:Convoy of 35
29:
27:
812: /
451:Macmillan,
396:Six-Day War
312:Yonah Levin
271:Sabo Goland
243:Chaim Engel
237:Daniel Mass
218:Mount Herzl
202:Aryeh Levin
110:Tegart fort
58:Gush Etzion
22:Mount Herzl
827:Categories
800:35°03′22″E
797:31°40′49″N
433:References
407:Haim Gouri
330:Baruch Pat
287:David Tash
268:Eitan Gaon
210:Vilna Gaon
208:(ha-gra =
192:After the
62:irregulars
781:144588148
388:נתיב הל"ה
222:Jerusalem
106:Dani Mass
94:Jerusalem
90:kibbutzim
54:kibbutzim
767:: 5–38.
416:See also
169:mukhtars
138:American
34:Lamed He
32:(or the
848:Palmach
843:Haganah
729:"יזכור"
644:"Izkor"
539:Haaretz
376:kibbutz
372:Palmach
177:Palmach
118:British
68:History
46:Palmach
42:Haganah
779:
630:
455:
384:Hebrew
198:Israel
188:Burial
181:Sa'sa'
161:Hebron
146:aliyah
140:-born
112:-type
102:Hartuv
777:S2CID
552:war."
488:p 102
214:Torah
157:Irgun
134:Surif
132:near
126:Surif
122:Jaba'
628:ISBN
610:1948
459:p 20
453:ISBN
124:and
98:Arab
44:and
28:The
769:doi
405:by
220:in
56:of
829::
775:.
765:26
763:.
731:.
656:^
646:.
566:.
537:.
513:^
504:,
493:^
464:^
409:.
390:,
386::
378:,
224:.
152:.
128:.
783:.
771::
735:.
650:.
570:.
382:(
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
