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as joint monarchs of
England. Elections were held in March 1689 for a Scottish Convention; 'Conventions' were identical to Parliaments in composition but only discussed specific issues, the previous one held in 1678 to approve taxes. Of the 125 delegates elected, 75 were classed as Presbyterian, 50
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The
English Parliament held James 'abandoned' his throne by fleeing from London to France; since the same argument could not be used in Scotland, the Convention argued he 'forfeited' it by his actions, listed in the Articles of Grievances. This was a fundamental change; if Parliament could decide
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James and the
Jacobites viewed the Convention as “illegal” and argued that the declaration of forfeiture was not valid because the authority of a Scottish Convention of Estates was limited to revenue raising measures and the Convention had not been called by the rightful king.
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highlighted the new regimes' reliance on
Presbyterian support and led to the final expulsion of bishops from the Kirk in the 1690 Act of Settlement. The ending of Episcopacy isolated a significant part of the Scottish political class; in the 18th century,
173:, by right of conquest. In an attempt to preserve Episcopalianism, the Scottish Bishops proposed Union with England but this was rejected by the English Parliament. On 11 April, the Convention ended James' reign and adopted the Articles of Grievances and
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While
Scotland played no part in the landing in England and there was little enthusiasm for William and Mary, by November 1688 only a tiny minority actively supported James. Many of William's exile advisors were Scots, including
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remained loyal to James. Despite being a minority, the
Episcopalians were hopeful of retaining control of the Kirk since William supported the retention of bishops. However, on 12 March, James
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Public anger at this meant some
Episcopalians stopped attending the Convention, claiming to fear for their safety while others changed sides. Tensions were high, with the
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65:. Historically, it had been summoned by the king of Scots for the limited purpose of raising taxes, and could not pass other legislation. Unlike the English
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recruiting
Highland levies. This exaggerated the Presbyterian majority in the Convention which met behind closed doors guarded by its own troops.
93:, his chief propagandist. News of James's flight led to celebrations and anti-Catholic riots in Edinburgh and Glasgow and on 7 January 1689, the
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and on 16th, a Letter to the
Convention was read out, demanding obedience and threatening punishment for non-compliance.
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On 11 May 1689, William and Mary accepted the
Scottish throne and the Convention became a full Parliament on 5 June. The
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Szechi, Daniel, Sankey, Margaret (November 2001). "Elite Culture and the Decline of Scottish Jacobitism 1716-1745".
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James had forfeited his throne, monarchs derived legitimacy from Parliament, not God, ending the principle of
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Subverting Scotland's Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo-British Identity 1689-1830
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The throne was offered to Mary and William, who was granted regal power on the basis he held the throne
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asked William to take over government, pending a Convention to agree a settlement.
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sat between 16 March 1689 and 5 June 1689 to determine the settlement of the
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Barnes, Robert P (1973). "James VII's Forfeiture of the Scottish Throne".
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Restoration Scotland, 1660-1690: royalist politics, religion and ideas
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as Episcopalian, making the Convention a contest over control of the
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Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685-1720
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Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies
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500:The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688-1788
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440:The Stuart Age: England 1603–1714
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189:were a key support base of the
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140:William, 3rd Duke of Hamilton
67:Convention Parliament of 1689
49:was a sister-institution to
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61:and representatives of the
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442:(1994 ed.). Longman.
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191:Scottish Jacobite movement
31:1689 Convention of Estates
575:17th century in Edinburgh
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498:Szechi, Daniel (1994).
479:Scotland: a New History
475:Lynch, Michael (1992).
466:Jackson, Clare (2003).
187:Nonjuring Episcopalians
120:William's nominee, the
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438:Coward, Barry (1980).
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95:Scottish Privy Council
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164:Divine Right of Kings
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457:Harris, Tim (2006).
182:1689 Jacobite Rising
122:3rd Duke of Hamilton
580:Glorious Revolution
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219:Colin Kidd (2003).
43:Glorious Revolution
519:Past & Present
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175:Claim of Right Act
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115:Church of Scotland
102:English Convention
71:Church of Scotland
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570:Scottish monarchy
555:Rival successions
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232:978-0-521-52019-5
130:landed in Ireland
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87:William Carstares
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381:Coward 1980
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321:Szechi 1994
309:Barnes 1973
294:Harris 2006
282:Harris 2006
258:Barnes 1973
246:Harris 2006
544:Categories
509:0719037743
490:0712698930
369:Lynch 1992
333:Lynch 1992
201:References
104:appointed
73:or Kirk.
51:Parliament
39:James VII
171:de facto
150:holding
79:Melville
431:4048254
403:Sources
55:bishops
521:(173).
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89:, and
83:Argyll
63:Burghs
59:barons
45:. The
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444:ISBN
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110:Mary
29:The
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126:son
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