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Prompting is further enhanced to allow the programmer to find what values are valid for each parameter. To do this during prompting the user would move the cursor to the parameter field in question and press F4 again. The system would then display a screen describing the type of input required and an
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If one only knows part of a command or if third party software is being used where the commands don't conform to the AS/400 abbreviation standard then you would enter that part of the command that is known, attach an asterisk (to make it generic), and press enter. The system will then display a list
519:
Cursor sensitive help can also be provided on commands but it's not required. If help has been provided one can view help for a parameter by moving the cursor to the desired parameter field and pressing F1 (help). To get help for the entire command itself (and all of its parameters) the user would
428:
CL-name | qualified-CL-name | "*"special-value | generic-CL-name"*" | "'"alphanumeric-value"'" | numeric-value |
321:
At its most basic a command names a single program to call when the user types or prompts the command and presses the Enter key. The command takes all of the parameters typed by the user, and those not typed by the user, and builds a parameter list that it passes to the program when it's called.
713:
PGM (&IN &TYP) DCL &IN *CHAR 6 DCL &OUT *CHAR 8 DCL &TYP *CHAR 1 IF (&TYP = J) + DO CVTDAT DATE(&IN) TOVAR(&OUT) FROMFMT(*MDY) + TOFMT(*JUL) TOSEP(*NONE) ENDDO ELSE IF (&TYP = M) + DO CVTDAT
282:
While thousands of commands were written by IBM developers to perform system level tasks like compiling programs, backing up data, changing system configurations, displaying system object details, or deleting them, commands are not limited to systems level concerns and can be drafted for user
313:
The developer's solution to this problem was the command object (*CMD). While the parameters on the command can be specified in any order, each parameter is defined to be passed in a specific order to the program. The programmer can also define, among other things, the parameter's
476:
In reality the system will pass many more parameters than the four specified above. This is because the rest of the CHGPGM command's parameters were not specified, so default values will be passed instead. For every parameter on this, aside from the PGM parameter, that default is
318:, unique parameter name, descriptive text (for prompting), default value (used only if the parameter isn't specified during execution), if the values are restricted to a certain set or range, if the data entered should be changed to another value before calling the program, etc.
298:) defined in the main procedures of all traditional System/38 and AS/400 programs are hard coded lists that are made up of parameters that can be numeric, alphanumeric, boolean, etc. and the order in which parameters are passed is important. This is a stark difference from the
503:
Required parameters are listed first, and parameters with system-supplied default values are listed last of all. To see all parameters, press F10. If any one choice requires further selections, those are cued as you select that value for that parameter, by appearing onscreen.
557:
There are 2,262 built-in IBM commands contained in V7R3, but finding them isn't all that hard because of several designs of the system that make life easier. These labor saving designs are: Standardized
Abbreviations, Command Grouping Menus, and Command Selection.
548:
A skeleton UIM panel group will be automatically generated including all parameters described by the command. The result file can be edited (seu, wdsc, rdi), then compiled with the CRTPNLGRP command, and finally associated with the command via CHGCMD HLPPNLGRP().
701:
parameter which is the date string to be converted. If a Julian string it should be in the format YYNNN where YY is the year number and NNN is the day number of the year. If a MDY string it must be in the format MMDDYY. The second parameter is
462:
MYPGM: A positional parameter (PGM), and the only required parameter. In this case it's the name of the program being changed. Positional parameters are always first. Once a named parameter appears all parameters that follow must be named
696:
The following is a sample of CL programming. The program interactively converts dates from Julian to MDY and vice versa. Results are displayed on line 24 of the terminal. It accepts two parameters. The
278:
Although CL is a scripting language for system administration, it is used mainly to create compiled programs. The use of interpreted CL scripts through the SBMDBJOB command is in fact extremely limited.
714:
DATE(&IN) TOVAR(&OUT) FROMFMT(*JUL) + TOFMT(*MDY) TOSEP(*NONE) ENDDO SNDPGMMSG MSG('IN=' || &IN || ' OUT=' || &OUT) + MSGTYPE(*COMP) ENDPGM
641:
Likewise, "Control
Language Programming" was abbreviated CLP, and the source type was accordingly CLP. With the introduction of the ILE programming model, the source type was changed to "CLLE".
535:
It's a good idea to create help screens for new commands and their parameters. All help screens use panel group objects (*PNLGRP) and these can be created using the UIM language described in the
497:. An OS/400 command can also be prompted by typing a ? before the command. (This is useful in an interactive program which cues a command string, having already filled in some values.)
649:
The VERB and SUBJECT menus are part of what are called the
Command Grouping Menus. For every Three (or four) Letter abbreviation there is a menu devoted to it that starts with the letters
469:
RMVOBS(*BLKORD *PRCORD): A named parameter (Remove
Observability) specifying multiple special values. In this case telling it to remove two kinds of profiling data from the program.
267:
and consists of a set of command objects (*CMD) used to invoke traditional programs or get help on what those programs do. CL can also be used to create CL programs (congruent to
511:
To enter a longer name, or extend the list to allow you to enter extra values, type a plus sign instead of a value. (As when listing names of objects to be saved or restored.)
441:
naming conventions which, generally speaking, means the name starts with a letter and can be up to ten characters in length. (CL commands are also case-insensitive.)
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New commands can be created to call non-system programs and they will work exactly like the inbuilt variety. The
Command Definition Language is described in the
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748:
466:
OPTIMIZE(*FULL): A named parameter specifying a single element which is a special value. In this case it will change the program to be fully optimized.
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TEXT('My program.'): Another named parameter specifying a single alphanumeric value. In this case it's changing the descriptive text of the program.
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The system will then present a screen with the set of parameters that the program accepts/requires (required parameters are usually highlighted).
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There are other menus besides the
Command Grouping Menus. The starting point for the menuing system can be accessed by pressing F4 on an empty
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that match the generic names just typed. One can then page through the list looking for the command needed and then select it using option 1.
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61:
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In the background the system is using the SLTCMD command to perform this function. If one wants to select all commands in a
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Beginning in V5R3 of the operating system a new, much simpler method of creating help was added: run the command
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which is the type of date to be converted to. It must be 'J' (Julian) or 'M' (MDY). For example: the command
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is a set or array of character pointers and more often than not the parameters are not positionally dependent.
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The IBM developers standardized the abbreviations used to create command names. Verbs like
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271:) where there are additional commands that provide program-like functionality (IF/ELSE,
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All CL commands can be prompted directly from the command line or within CL program
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GENCMDDOC CMD(MYLIB/MYCMD) TODIR('/QSYS.LIB/MYLIB.LIB/QPNLSRC.FILE) GENOPT(*UIM)
139:
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438:
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1000:
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630:, etc. You can see every possible verb and subject used on the system in the
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press F1 anywhere on the prompt display and then press F2 (extended help).
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CHGPGM MYPGM OPTIMIZE(*FULL) RMVOBS(*BLKORD *PRCORD) TEXT('My program.')
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The above command is passing four parameters to the program that does
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for a much simplified CL command syntax would be defined as follows:
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will convert the Julian date 04180 to 062804 (June 28, 2004).
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then prompt this command and enter the special value *ALL.
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commands the user would execute the command GO CMDCHG. For
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worlds where the parameter list in Unix shell scripts and
1504:
1474:
846:
303:
249:
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144:
263:(now known as IBM i). It bears a resemblance to the IBM
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menus, just enter the commands GO VERB or GO SUBJECT.
429:"X'"hexadecimal-value"'"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
749:"IBM System/38 Control Language Reference Manual"
537:IBM AS/400 Application Display Programming manual
1590:
444:A good example of a typical CL command is the
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831:
561:
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796:Control Language Programming for the AS/400
1545:
1279:
1265:
838:
824:
493:by typing the command and pressing the F4
1286:
644:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
887:1800 Data Acquisition and Control System
523:
286:
16:IBM operating system scripting language
1591:
793:
1260:
819:
1241:
1231:
1089:Applications, software, and concepts
708:CALL PGM(ICVTDATC) PARM('04180' 'M')
671:
508:available list of allowable values.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
798:(2nd ed.). 29th Street Press.
661:commands the menu would be CMDPGM.
13:
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1123:Programming Development Manager
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34:needs additional citations for
1217:* Also based on the System/36
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776:
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1:
734:
384:parameter-name "("
1106:Dynamic Logical Partitioning
484:
433:The items above that end in
7:
852:, workstations, and servers
717:
481:, meaning don't change it.
168:; 46 years ago
10:
1625:
1187:3790 Communications System
562:Standardized abbreviations
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1215:
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1145:
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905:
877:1500 instructional system
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677:of commands in the job's
553:Finding the right command
458:processing and they are:
355:positional-parameter-list
325:
227:
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126:
1236:Minicomputers on Commons
448:(CHGPGM) command below:
336:
257:Control Program Facility
187:Control Program Facility
1192:8100 Information System
953:7330 Magnetic Tape Unit
850:mini/midrange computers
570:are always rendered as
1101:Dealer Business System
948:1442 card reader/punch
938:1402 card reader/punch
872:1442 card reader/punch
794:Meyers, Bryan (1997).
645:Command grouping menus
399:parameter-element-list
389:parameter-element-list
296:command-line arguments
283:applications as well.
248:originally created by
1288:Programming languages
1155:ThinkPad Power Series
1128:Quick Response Engine
598:, etc. Subjects like
530:CL Programmer's Guide
524:Creating new commands
287:Commands and programs
376:named-parameter-list
275:, file input, etc.)
273:variable declaration
265:Job Control Language
213:Job Control Language
43:improve this article
1599:Scripting languages
1080:RS64 microprocessor
163:First appeared
123:
1246:Servers on Commons
1133:Single-level store
259:and later used in
246:scripting language
229:Windows PowerShell
121:
58:"Control Language"
1586:
1585:
1568:Non-English-based
1254:
1253:
1141:
1140:
943:1403 line printer
882:1627 drum plotter
867:1132 line printer
754:. IBM. 1982-09-10
672:Command selection
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1096:Control Language
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653:. So to see all
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140:Designed by
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1056:Power Systems
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1074:Advanced/36
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692:Sample code
602:are always
463:parameters.
202:Proprietary
1593:Categories
1423:JavaScript
1299:Comparison
965:IBM System
758:2021-03-24
735:References
342:CL-command
308:C programs
292:Parameters
223:Influenced
133:imperative
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1520:Smalltalk
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636:SUBJECT
600:program
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1161:RT PC
752:(PDF)
479:*SAME
435:-name
191:IBM i
90:JSTOR
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1500:Rust
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1470:Perl
1438:Lisp
1418:Java
1364:.NET
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847:IBM
655:CHG
651:CMD
628:SVR
626:is
620:MOD
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332:BNF
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