463:, though evidence one way or another is scant. Over the course of the Middle English period, sound shifts in the language meant that the (-ende) participle ending and the (-unge) gerund ending merged into a new ending, (-ing). This change, which was complete in southern England around the late fifteenth century and spread north from there, rendered participles and gerunds indistinguishable. It is at this point that a sudden increase in the use of progressive forms is visible, though they would not take their current form until the eighteenth century. Linguist Herbert Schendl has concluded that "with this feature, a polygenetic origin ... seems attractive, and at least the further extension of the progressive is a language-internal development."
349:
1432:
143:
414:). It is generally used for actions that are occurring at the time in question, and does not focus on the larger time-scale. For example, the sentence "Andrew was playing tennis when Jane called him." indicates what Andrew was doing when Jane called him, but does not indicate for how long Andrew played, nor how often he plays; for that, the simple past would suffice: "Andrew played tennis three hours every day for several years."
43:
84:
3528:
In at least the East and West Slavic languages, there is a three-way aspect differentiation for verbs of motion, with two forms of imperfective, determinate and indeterminate, and one form of perfective. The two forms of imperfective can be used in all three tenses (past, present, and future), but
3545:
are attached to
Russian verbs of motion, they become more or less normal imperfective/perfective pairs, although the prefixes are generally attached to the indeterminate imperfective to form the prefixed imperfective and to the determinate imperfective to form the prefixed perfective. For example,
4019:"she sits in the kitchen" means "she is sitting in the kitchen". Note this means Swedish often has two different forms to simple verbs when they make sense both continuous and non-continuous – English has only one such fully functional pair remaining, and it happens to share this one with Swedish
700:
In the example, the progressive aspect expresses the fact that the subject is actively putting on clothes rather than merely wearing them as in the continuous aspect. This example is useful for showing
English speakers the difference between continuous and progressive because "wearing" in English
3446:
in the verb stem, with the latter emphasizing that the action is, was or will be in progress (habitual or otherwise). It was in relation to these languages that the modern concept of grammatical aspect in general originally developed. The majority of verbs in Slavic languages have at least one
710:
can express the continuous aspect as well, depending on the context (so the example above could also mean "I'm wearing clothes" in addition to "I'm putting on clothes"), but in general, the progressive aspect is assumed. In order to emphasize the progressive aspect rather than the continuous,
1495:
does not have a continuous aspect per se; events that
English would describe using its continuous aspect, French would describe using a neutral aspect. Many express what they are doing in French by just using the present tense. That being said, French can express a continuous sense using the
368:
of the subject that is continuing the action. For instance, "Tom is reading" can express dynamic activity: "Tom is reading a book" – i.e. right now (progressive aspect), or Tom's current state: "Tom is reading for a degree" – i.e. Tom is a student (continuous aspect). The aspect can often be
451:. The first used a form of beon/wesan (to be/to become) with a present participle (-ende). This construction has an analogous form in Dutch (see below). The second used beon/wesan, a preposition, and a gerund (-unge), and has been variously proposed as being influenced by similar forms in
1072:("I sit down"), means "I am sitting". Note this means Danish often has two different forms of simple verbs when they make sense both continuous and non-continuous – English has only one such fully functional pair remaining, and it happens to share this one with Danish
2126:(infinitive marker) + infinite verb. Its usage differs slightly from English, as it generally cannot be used in static contexts, for example standing or sitting, but rather to describe specific activities. The following examples illustrate this phenomenon.
1096:
Another form is used for motions such as walking, driving or flying. When constructing perfect tense they can be constructed with either 'is' or 'has'. Where 'has' indicates a completed travel, and 'is' indicates a started journey. For instance
1240:. When translating into English or another language, the physical position generally isn't mentioned, only the action itself. In English, similar constructions exist but are uncommon and marginally more frequent only in certain dialects, e.g.
3252:
He is putting the pen in the bag (resultative). – this is usually understood to be resultative state as in "he keeps the pen in the bag" but can syntactically be interpreted as progressive, however this is highly strange and pragmatically
2164:
is incorrect in
Icelandic. In addition this method of constructing the continuous present there exists a second method akin to the one which exists in the other Scandinavian languages, where a present participle ending in
4034:
Using these default continuous verbs together with a non-default continuous verb makes both continuous. This is a form also used in other
Germanic languages such as Norwegian, Danish and Dutch. For instance:
3474:
also plays a small role. Perfective verbs generally cannot be used with the meaning of a present tense – their present-tense forms in fact have future reference. An example of such a pair of verbs, from
1087:
Using these default continuous verbs together with a non-default continuous verb makes both continuous. This is a form also used in other
Germanic languages such as Norwegian and Dutch. For instance:
3470:
Perfective verbs are commonly formed from imperfective ones by the addition of a prefix; conversely the imperfective verb can be formed from the perfective one by modification of the stem or ending.
1896:), it has become increasingly common in the casual speech of many speakers around Germany through popular media and music, although it is still frowned upon in formal and literary contexts. In
2288:'I speak English', i.e. to convey the information 'I am able to speak English' (regardless of what I am doing at the time of speaking). Thus the present progressive clarifies immediacy:
2652:("to have"). For verbs with reduced infinitives, the gerund uses the same stem as the imperfect (which sometimes corresponds to the stem of the 1st person singular indicative present).
3537:. The difference corresponds closely to that between English "I (regularly) go to school" and "I am going to school (now)". The three-way difference is given below for the
432:
it simply presents those verbs whose denotations are neutral with regard to duration as in process / in (transient) duration , though duration is most expected of statives.
369:
ambiguous; "Tom is reading
Ulysses" may describe his current activity (it's in his hand), or the state of having started, but not yet finished, the book (it's in his bag).
328:
As with other grammatical categories, the precise semantics of the aspects vary from language to language, and from grammarian to grammarian. For example, some grammars of
1971:
used along with the verb root, while the continuous action is conveyed through the perfective adjectival participle which is constructed by conjugating the verb into its
3404:; which is directly attached before the conjugation suffixes. Although the continuous aspect in Quechua is similar to that of English, it is more used than the simple
377:
Unless otherwise indicated, the following languages treat continuous and progressive aspects the same, in which case the term continuous is used to refer to both.
3408:
and is commonly translated into them (simple present and past), because of the idea that actions are not instantaneous, but they have a specific duration (
1453:
160:
56:
1331:, he is sleeping), but it sounds strange in Dutch. In these cases, other forms of the continuous are generally used, specifically the second method:
1965:) has distinct constructions to convey progressive and continuous actions. Progressive actions are marked through the progressive aspect participle
4432:
1750:(lit. "to be after") followed by a simple infinitive; for example, English's "we were eating" might be expressed in Quebec French either as simply
4465:
2811:... 'I was going to the hospital...'), whereas past habitual "I used to go", "I went (often, repeatedly)" is expressible only with the imperfect
207:
4470:
179:
4497:
3140:
There is no readily available means in
Italian for expressing the distinction between English "We were reading" and "We have been reading."
2276:
The present tense and the present progressive can have distinct meanings in
Italian. Both can be used for present-time actions in progress:
1506:("to be in the middle of") followed by a simple infinitive; for example, English's "we were eating" might be expressed in French either as
429:
it versely converts those states of affairs expected to last long (lexical statives) to shorter-lasting / transient states of affairs ; and
340:; some as a progressive tense; and some as both a continuous (nonhabitual imperfective) and a progressive (continuous non-stative) aspect.
186:
2284:
can both mean 'I'm speaking with Mario (this moment, right now)', but only the bare present can be used to express ongoing state, as in
1691:
is the same as the opposed verb conjugated at any other tense, it is omitted in the progressive gerund, but implied by the preposition
1118:
The continuous aspect is commonly used in Dutch, though not as often as in
English. There are various methods of forming a continuous:
4171:
193:
106:
62:
2228:
of the main verb. There are only two forms of gerunds, the choice depending upon the ending of the main verb in the infinitive:
3433:
175:
1397:
The sixth method is a special form of the continuous. It implicitly means that the subject is away to do an activity. It uses
2644:
The present continuous tense has a very predictable conjugation pattern even for verbs that are typically irregular, such as
397:
1774:"we had eaten"), especially in colloquial oral speech, as if the past infinitive (more commonly used with the preposition
3157:
1768:; but in France, this could be confusively understood as a discontinuous past (lit. "we were after having eaten", i.e.
3633:
Like English, Spanish also has a few related constructions with similar structures and related meanings; for example,
1724:
has an implied subject and takes an object which is not a pronoun; in that case the object may be prefixed before the
1138:). This form puts stress on the continuous aspect and often gives some dramatic overtone, making it not commonly used.
420:
contrasts the effect of the progressive form on the meanings of action verbs versus those of lexically stative verbs:
4490:
4449:
4416:
4206:
1479:
244:
226:
124:
70:
17:
1461:
288:
that express incomplete action ("to do") or state ("to be") in progress at a specific time: they are non-habitual,
3983:
Some verbs are always or default continuous, for instance verbs indicating motion, location or position, such as
1315:. This form of the continuous is mostly used for a real (physical) activity. Grammar-wise, it is possible to say
1036:
Some verbs are always or default continuous, for instance verbs indicating motion, location or position, such as
4059:, all mean "he is reading (while lying/standing/sitting/going)". Also note that these may be in the past tense:
1027:("he is at to build new house") meaning "he is building a new house". This is similar to the German form using "
200:
1457:
266:
164:
4671:
4483:
821:
does not have a verb suffix for expressing the progressive aspect, but it can use the pre-verbal auxiliary
386:
305:
4404:
2206:
Technically the use of the present participle is often not an example of continuous aspect in Icelandic.
3152:
uses the same grammar form to form the progressive and the continuous aspect, specifically by using the
2114:
possesses a present continuous aspect much like that found in English. This feature is unique among the
443:
The progressive aspect in English likely arose from two constructions that were used fairly rarely in
1868:), and the neuter noun that is formed from an infinitive. This construction was likely borrowed from
426:
t converts events expected to be punctual into longer-lasting, even if transient, states of affairs ;
295:
In the grammars of many languages the two terms are used interchangeably. This is also the case with
1634:
verb takes the indirect form when it is a pronoun allowing such distinction, so the normal subjects
531:
is one family of languages that makes a distinction between the continuous and progressive aspects.
1897:
1442:
460:
102:
4331:
3538:
1446:
153:
3529:
the perfective can only be used with past and future. The indeterminate imperfective expresses
4330:
The colloquial 'rheinische Verlaufsform' is covered in an amusing article by Bastian Sick, see
2115:
2217:
forms a progressive aspect in much the same way as in Spanish, using a conjugated form of the
1279:. If there is an object, there are two forms: 1. the gerund is preceded by the neuter article
1577:) is more often used to denote past events with a neutral aspect in a non-narrative context.
313:. However, there are certain languages for which two different aspects are distinguished. In
2313:. For the regular verbs, the gerund is formed from the infinitive of the verb by taking the
3603:
1949:
403:
3121:
Like the present progressive, the Italian past progressive is extremely regular. Forms of
8:
4570:
4556:
4546:
4108:
4103:
3342:
1000:
289:
94:
31:
4643:
4506:
4426:
4382:
4374:
4098:
3534:
3443:
2111:
1962:
1734:(lit. "Path making," i.e. "While making his path", "he doesn't think about anything").
1714:("while eating and while we are discussing, he doesn't listen to us"). The preposition
1568:
285:
3258:
1728:
verb (and its possessive may be omitted when it refers to that implied subject), e.g.
4638:
4613:
4524:
4445:
4412:
4386:
4366:
4202:
3405:
3389:
3163:
3149:
1972:
1929:
4305:
Nominal vs. Verbal -ing Constructions and the Development of the English Progressive
3160:
of the verb, they are interpreted as either progressive or continuous. For example:
4622:
4566:
4358:
3579:
3439:
2299:+ the gerund. As in English, the gerund conveys the main meaning of the utterance:
2214:
1872:
or Dutch which use the exact construction to convey the same meaning. For example,
818:
528:
417:
329:
314:
4475:
364:
quality of actions that are in progress while the continuous aspect expresses the
4617:
4597:
4156:
3533:(or motion in no single direction), while the determinate imperfective expresses
3530:
3484:
3476:
3262:
3196:
2186:
1813:
1492:
472:
296:
3265:
have different grammar forms for the progressive and the continuous aspect; the
827:
714:
4510:
4362:
3582:, the continuous is constructed much as in English, using a conjugated form of
2218:
2153:
1303:; 2. the object comes before the full infinitive (instead of the gerund), e.g.
448:
1975:
participle and combining it with the perfective aspect participle of the verb
1060:("walking"). This means their present tense forms are their continuous forms:
348:
4665:
4592:
4574:
4370:
4093:
2190:
1737:
509:
337:
4182:
2780:
is conjugated in the imperfect and used with the gerund. For example, while
1610:, opposed here to the imperfect but the simple past is also possible, e.g.
1532:
1522:
701:
never conveys the progressive aspect. (Instead, "putting on" must be used).
4539:
4201:, by Angela Downing and Philip Locke, reprint ed., Psychology Press, 2002,
1741:
1497:
3455:
3365:) and the infinitive (gerundive infinitive – the standard form in most of
4007:"stay". This means their present tense forms are their continuous forms:
2173:. This is a way of using the present participle that is analysed as more
1164:
The third method is by using a verb expressing a physical position, like
444:
4378:
4025:("to lay") and "att ligga" (to lie) – "Lay down so you can lie down" = "
3449:
2341:
in the present tense with a gerund to exemplify the present continuous:
2295:
The present continuous is formed by using the present tense of the verb
1789:
508:
Present continuous is usually the same as the present tense. But in the
4345:
3471:
3459:(imperfective; done over a longer period of time) which translates as "
1869:
1841:
456:
407:
851:
847:
844:
in front of the verb. The continuous aspect does have a verb suffix,
553:
545:
321:
aspect denotes a current action, as in "he is getting dressed", while
4561:
4534:
4277:
Old English-Late British language contact and the English progressive
3599:
2314:
2174:
1837:
1833:
539:
1521:
An exception is in relating events that took place in the past: the
1431:
542:
has a very regular system for expressing aspects via verb suffixes.
325:
aspect denotes a current state, as in "he is wearing fine clothes".
142:
4403:
3974:+ infinitive ("hold on" meaning "in the process of"). For instance
3442:, there is a clear distinction between perfective and imperfective
3366:
3354:
1780:) was changed into a simple infinitive with the omitted auxiliary.
489:
is added before the verb that is in the present tense. So we have:
558:
is used to express continuous aspect. Take the following example:
475:
language, past continuous is formed by using the fixed participle
372:
4083:, all mean "he was reading (while lying/standing/sitting/going)".
1141:
The second method is the most common in Dutch. It is formed with
1021:+ infinitive ("is at" meaning "in the process of"). For instance
1093:("he stands and smokes") means "he is smoking (while standing)".
719:(literally meaning "at here") can be used in front of the verb:
4529:
4466:
The Present Progressives in the European Parliament Proceedings
4332:
http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/zwiebelfisch/0,1518,350958,00.html
4234:
The Progress of English Verb Tenses and the English Progressive
3595:
3542:
3393:
3350:
2225:
2178:
3345:
the continuous aspect is marked by gerund, either by a proper
4291:
On the progression of the progressive in Early Modern English
1954:
1624:. In such construction (used without any leading preposition
452:
4439:
3964:
Swedish has several ways of constructing continuous aspect.
1512:(literally "we were in the middle of eating"), or as simply
402:
The continuous aspect is constructed by using a form of the
2182:
1958:
1066:("he stands there") means "he is standing over there", and
1011:
Danish has several ways of constructing continuous aspect.
4013:("he lies in my bed") means "he is lying in my bed", and
1103:("he is walked") meaning "he has left (on foot)", versus
1908:) as an auxiliary with the infinitive of the verb as in
1374:. If there is an object, it comes before the verb, e.g.
2800:
are mostly interchangeable in the progressive meaning (
4471:
Resources to learn verbal aspects for Russian language
3321:
3291:
3241:
3214:
3181:
2264:). Thus 'I am speaking/reading/sleeping' is expressed
1580:
It is also possible to use the present participle (or
845:
833:
825:
550:
is typically used to express progressive aspect while
3520:("was writing, used to write, wrote", imperfective);
1596:) in relation to the tense of the opposed verb, e.g.
1386:. This form is also mainly used for real activities.
1251:
A fourth method, also available in English, is using
520:
is added before the verb to form present continuous.
514:
500:
492:
484:
477:
398:
Uses of English verb forms § Present progressive
4172:
The Past Continuous Tense (Şimdiki Zamanın Hikâyesi)
3652:
Conjugations of the Present Progressive in Spanish:
4505:
1145:, followed by the preposition and definite article
167:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4344:
1832:. Certain regional dialects, such as those of the
1796:(be) + à (preposition) + infinitive. For example,
4248:Verb Movement in Dutch Present Participle Clauses
3447:complementary verb for both aspects – e.g. Czech
839:
804:
798:
712:
705:
551:
543:
4663:
2074:(nuanceː I am in the process of wearing a shirt)
343:
1109:meaning "I have flown (at some point in time)".
373:Continuous and progressive in various languages
4654:Lexical aspects. Grammatical aspects unmarked.
3310:
3280:
3230:
3203:
3170:
4491:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3975:
3969:
3416:are both correct, but it is preferred to use
2317:and attaching the appropriate gerund suffix:
1932:, the present tense progressive aspect form
1740:often expresses a continuous sense using the
1531:) has a continuous aspect in relation to the
4431:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3453:(perfective; done on a single occasion) and
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1729:
1715:
1698:
1692:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1625:
1611:
1597:
1591:
1581:
1572:
1542:
1536:
1526:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1149:and the gerund (verb used as a noun), e.g.,
1104:
1098:
1088:
1084:("to lie") – "Lay down so you can lie down".
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1016:
105:. There might be a discussion about this on
4346:"Aspect, Tense, and Mood in the Hindi Verb"
3509:Compound future tense (imperfective only):
1460:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
27:Grammatical contrast of present tense verbs
4498:
4484:
4342:
3539:Russian basic (unprefixed) verbs of motion
2193:implication, as in the following example:
1844:, form a continuous aspect using the verb
1812:There is no continuous aspect in standard
758:
599:
4302:
4259:
2292:'I'm leaving (just now; on my way out)'.
2026:(nuanceː he is in the process of sitting)
1480:Learn how and when to remove this message
1297:I am busy with the reading of this letter
1293:Ik ben bezig met het lezen van deze brief
962:
663:
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
3377:or, similar to other Romance languages,
1342:A fifth method also involves the use of
347:
4440:Yip, Po-Ching; Rimmington, Don (2004).
4316:
4288:
4222:, Indiana Univ. Linguistics Club, 1984.
2156:tense is used as it describes a state,
14:
4664:
4274:
4231:
4199:A university course in English grammar
3434:Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages
3273:form for the continuous. For example:
2818:Conjugations of the Past Progressive:
2337:. The table shows the conjugations of
2098:(nuanceː I am already wearing a shirt)
4479:
1788:Formed exactly as in Rhenish German,
1405:), followed by the infinitive, e.g.,
1130:) with the present participle, e.g.,
704:In Cantonese, the progressive marker
406:, "to be", together with the present
360:The progressive aspect expresses the
2792:. In conventional Italian speaking,
1900:, the aspect can be expressed using
1792:constructs the continuous with verb
1458:adding citations to reliable sources
1425:
1305:Ik ben bezig met deze brief te lezen
1122:One form is the same as in English:
809:to indicate the progressive aspect.
176:"Continuous and progressive aspects"
165:adding citations to reliable sources
136:
77:
36:
4245:
3427:
3192:The pen is in the bag (continuous).
2232:for verbs whose infinitive ends in
2189:. With certain verbs it also has a
1816:. The aspect can be expressed with
24:
4409:Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar
4336:
3225:He is eating dinner (progressive).
1731:Chemin faisant, il ne pense à rien
1309:I am busy with this letter to read
1259:) with the adverb and preposition
1226:She is sleeping (while lying down)
512:variety of Berber, the participle
25:
4683:
4459:
3977:jag håller på att skriva ett brev
3606:) of the main verb; for example,
3269:form for the progressive and the
3156:form of a verb. Depending on the
1376:Ik ben bezig aardappelen te koken
838:), similar to how Cantonese uses
52:This article has multiple issues.
4442:Chinese: A Comprehensive Grammar
4319:Middle English: Language Contact
4028:Lägg dig ner så du kan ligga ner
3332:The cherry blossoms are falling.
3302:The cherry blossoms have fallen.
2271:
2160:on the table. The construction *
1630:), the required subject for the
1430:
1283:and followed by the preposition
141:
82:
41:
4397:
4324:
4310:
4296:
4282:
4268:
4253:
3513:("will write, will be writing")
2118:. It is formed with the copula
2050:(nuanceː he is already sitting)
1950:Hindustani verbs § Aspects
478:
152:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
4239:
4225:
4212:
4191:
4176:
4165:
4150:
4138:
4126:
4109:Grammar of the Breton language
2776:To form the past progressive,
2266:Sto parlando/leggendo/dormendo
2169:is used along with the copula
1509:nous étions en train de manger
1238:We are singing (while walking)
1214:I was waiting (while standing)
1192:and the infinitive. Examples:
1001:Chinese grammar § Aspects
483:(original meaning: I forgot);
13:
1:
4220:Stativity and the Progressive
4114:
3498:Present/simple future tense:
3336:
2771:
2202:I walk to school (regularly).
1943:
1852:), the inflected preposition
344:Continuous versus progressive
4119:
3968:The first is using the form
3491:("to write", imperfective);
2224:("to stay") followed by the
2185:, as it cannot be used with
2106:
1567:at the door"). However, the
1202:I am reading (while sitting)
1015:The first is using the form
534:
515:
501:
497:: he writes / he is writing
493:
485:
387:Present continuous (English)
7:
4343:VAN OLPHEN, HERMAN (1975).
4303:Alexiadou, Artemis (2013),
4183:The Past Continuous Tense (
4087:
3322:
3292:
3242:
3215:
3182:
3143:
2152:In the second example, the
1923:
1783:
1024:han er ved at bygge nyt hus
972:
960:
950:
942:
908:
900:
890:
880:
812:
768:
756:
746:
736:
726:
673:
661:
651:
643:
609:
597:
587:
579:
352:The Past Continuous Tense (
303:may be described either as
10:
4688:
4552:Continuous and progressive
4407:and Yip, Virginia (1994).
4363:10.1163/000000075791615397
3959:
3573:
3506:("will write", perfective)
3431:
3384:
2248:if the infinitive ends in
2209:
2148:I'm standing on the table.
1947:
1380:I am busy potatoes to cook
846:
840:
834:
826:
805:
799:
713:
706:
552:
544:
523:
395:
384:
380:
29:
4652:
4631:
4606:
4585:
4517:
4317:Schendl, Herbert (2012),
4260:Mustanoja, Tauno (1960),
3980:("I'm writing a letter").
3422:we do not eat in a second
3311:
3281:
3231:
3204:
3171:
2162:ég er að standa á borðinu
1940:is very frequently used.
1807:
1421:
1362:and the infinitive, e.g.
1358:), this time followed by
1006:
999:For more information see
803:can also be used without
466:
438:
299:: a construction such as
4289:Elsness, Johann (1994),
4275:Killie, Kirstin (2012),
3495:("to write", perfective)
3129:verbs in the imperfect (
1898:Southern Austro-Bavarian
1894:Rhenish progressive form
1765:nous étions après manger
1762:) like in France, or as
1313:I am reading this letter
1301:I am reading this letter
1267:) and the gerund, e.g.,
1113:
927:I am putting on clothes.
628:I am putting on clothes.
410:(marked with the suffix
30:Not to be confused with
4639:Perfect (Retrospective)
4518:Complete vs. incomplete
4262:A Middle English Syntax
4232:Lamont, George (2005),
3570:(to arrive (on foot)).
3243:Kare wa pen o kaban ni
2198:Ég er gangandi í skóla.
1890:rheinische Verlaufsform
1822:just now, at the moment
1291:) and the object, e.g.
1246:I stood (there) waiting
4218:Mufwene, Salikoko S.,
4185:Şimdiki Zaman Hikâyesi
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3976:
3970:
3257:Some dialects such as
2282:sto parlando con Mario
2116:Scandinavian languages
2096:I am wearing a shirt.
2072:I am wearing a shirt.
1882:I am on/at the reading
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1730:
1720:may be omitted if the
1716:
1699:
1693:
1687:If the subject of the
1674:
1661:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1626:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1573:
1543:
1537:
1533:simple (historic) past
1527:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1415:She is (away) shopping
1392:Hij is bezig te slapen
1388:Zij is bezig te denken
1325:hij is bezig te slapen
1323:, she is thinking) or
1317:zij is bezig te denken
1273:I am busy with reading
1269:Ik ben bezig met lezen
1105:
1099:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1017:
969:
955:
947:
939:
905:
897:
885:
877:
765:
751:
743:
731:
723:
670:
656:
648:
640:
606:
592:
584:
576:
391:
357:
354:Şimdiki Zaman Hikâyesi
4010:Han ligger i min säng
3524:("wrote", perfective)
2135:I'm eating the apple.
2131:Ég er að borða eplið.
1384:I am cooking potatoes
1364:Ik ben bezig te koken
1337:hij is aan het slapen
1333:Zij is aan het denken
1242:I sat (there) reading
1132:Het schip is zinkende
991:I am wearing clothes.
692:I am wearing clothes.
351:
4607:Beginning vs. ending
4586:Generic vs. episodic
4351:Indo-Iranian Journal
4050:han sitter och läser
4038:Han ligger och läser
3604:adverbial participle
3216:Kare wa ban-gohan o
3125:are those common to
2784:means "I am going",
1756:with the imperfect (
1454:improve this section
1321:she is busy to think
1151:Ik ben aan het lezen
449:Early Middle English
161:improve this article
95:confusing or unclear
4672:Grammatical aspects
4104:Imperfective aspect
3444:grammatical aspects
2669:1st sing. imperfect
2144:Ég stend á borðinu.
2067:śarṭ pêhên rahī hū̃
1707:et nous discutant,
1329:he is busy to sleep
1277:I am (busy) reading
1230:Wij lopen te zingen
1206:Ik stond te wachten
1155:I am at the reading
1136:The ship is sinking
311:present progressive
286:grammatical aspects
263:progressive aspects
103:clarify the article
32:Continuative aspect
4264:, pp. 572–585
4144:Robert Underhill,
4099:Grammatical aspect
4080:han gick och läste
4074:han satt och läste
4068:han stod och läste
4044:han står och läser
4016:hon sitter i köket
3876:estamos trabajando
3866:estamos terminando
3535:progressive aspect
3479:, is given below:
3349:ending (common in
3323:Sakura no hana ga
3293:Sakura no hana ga
2242:mangiare/mangiando
2139:In contrast with:
2091:śarṭ pêhnī huī hū̃
2084:शर्ट पहनी हुई हूँ
1981:(to be), which is
1878:ich bin beim Lesen
1711:ne nous écoute pas
1350:) with the adverb
1218:Zij ligt te slapen
817:Unlike Cantonese,
358:
306:present continuous
4659:
4658:
4614:Inchoative aspect
4405:Matthews, Stephen
4062:Han låg och läste
4056:han går och läser
3955:
3954:
3117:
3116:
3112:stavano opponendo
3070:stavate opponendo
3028:stavamo opponendo
2767:
2766:
2664:1st sing. present
2640:
2639:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2075:
2060:शर्ट पहन रही हूँ
2051:
2027:
1973:perfective aspect
1771:nous avions mangé
1583:participe présent
1490:
1489:
1482:
1368:I am busy to cook
1222:She lies to sleep
1090:Han står og ryger
997:
996:
698:
697:
505:: he was writing
502:Ntta ttugha itari
255:
254:
247:
237:
236:
229:
211:
135:
134:
127:
75:
18:Continuous aspect
16:(Redirected from
4679:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4477:
4476:
4455:
4436:
4430:
4422:
4391:
4390:
4348:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4210:
4195:
4189:
4180:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3979:
3973:
3950:están trabajando
3940:están terminando
3913:están trabajando
3903:están terminando
3871:estamos diciendo
3861:estamos creyendo
3856:estamos hablando
3767:estás trabajando
3757:estás terminando
3732:estoy trabajando
3722:estoy terminando
3657:
3656:
3550:+ indeterminate
3483:Infinitive (and
3467:" respectively.
3440:Slavic languages
3428:Slavic languages
3392:uses a specific
3373:would be either
3329:
3318:
3317:
3299:
3288:
3287:
3249:
3238:
3237:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3189:
3183:Pen ga kaban ni
3178:
3177:
3097:stavano credendo
3092:stavano parlando
3055:stavate credendo
3050:stavate parlando
3013:stavamo credendo
3008:stavamo parlando
2823:
2822:
2657:
2656:
2635:stanno opponendo
2551:stiamo opponendo
2346:
2345:
2333:verbs both take
2262:dormire/dormendo
2258:leggere/leggendo
2238:parlare/parlando
2187:transitive verbs
2097:
2087:شرط پہنی ہی ہوں
2073:
2063:شرط پھن رہی ہوں
2049:
2025:
2001:Transliteration
1990:
1989:
1874:ich bin am Lesen
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1733:
1719:
1713:
1696:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1609:
1595:
1585:
1576:
1554:
1540:
1530:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1503:être en train de
1485:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1434:
1426:
1108:
1102:
1092:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1026:
1020:
964:
862:
861:
855:
854:
843:
842:
837:
836:
831:
830:
808:
807:
802:
801:
760:
718:
717:
709:
708:
665:
601:
561:
560:
557:
556:
549:
548:
518:
504:
496:
488:
481:
480:
418:Salikoko Mufwene
283:
282:
275:
274:
250:
243:
232:
225:
221:
218:
212:
210:
169:
145:
137:
130:
123:
119:
116:
110:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4648:
4627:
4602:
4581:
4513:
4511:lexical aspects
4504:
4462:
4452:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4400:
4395:
4394:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4269:
4258:
4254:
4246:Hoeksma, Jack,
4244:
4240:
4230:
4226:
4217:
4213:
4197:§42.5, p. 368,
4196:
4192:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4166:
4157:Jaklin Kornfilt
4155:
4151:
4146:Turkish Grammar
4143:
4139:
4134:Turkish Grammar
4131:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4090:
4022:att lägga (sig)
3962:
3839:está trabajando
3829:está terminando
3804:está trabajando
3794:está terminando
3635:seguir haciendo
3576:
3531:habitual aspect
3485:dictionary form
3436:
3430:
3387:
3369:); for example
3339:
3263:Shikoku dialect
3259:Chūgoku dialect
3146:
3135:parlare/parlavo
3107:stavano dicendo
3102:stavano finendo
3087:stavano essendo
3065:stavate dicendo
3060:stavate finendo
3045:stavate essendo
3023:stavamo dicendo
3018:stavamo finendo
3003:stavamo essendo
2986:stava opponendo
2944:stavi opponendo
2902:stavo opponendo
2774:
2620:stanno credendo
2615:stanno parlando
2593:state opponendo
2536:stiamo credendo
2531:stiamo parlando
2278:parlo con Mario
2274:
2212:
2109:
2048:He is sitting.
2024:He is sitting.
1952:
1946:
1926:
1918:he does reading
1888:. Known as the
1826:er liest gerade
1810:
1798:j'têmes à mangi
1786:
1643:moi/toi/lui/eux
1640:are changed to
1486:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1451:
1435:
1424:
1407:Zij is winkelen
1234:We walk to sing
1210:I stood to wait
1194:Ik zit te lezen
1188:), followed by
1116:
1078:("to lay") and
1009:
993:
975:
967:
953:
945:
929:
911:
903:
895:
883:
815:
796:
771:
763:
749:
741:
729:
694:
676:
668:
654:
646:
630:
612:
604:
590:
582:
537:
526:
469:
441:
400:
394:
389:
383:
375:
346:
317:, for example,
301:"He is washing"
278:
277:
270:
269:
251:
240:
239:
238:
233:
222:
216:
213:
170:
168:
158:
146:
131:
120:
114:
111:
100:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4685:
4675:
4674:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4503:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4461:
4460:External links
4458:
4457:
4456:
4450:
4437:
4417:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4357:(4): 284–301.
4335:
4323:
4309:
4295:
4281:
4267:
4252:
4238:
4224:
4211:
4190:
4175:
4164:
4149:
4137:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4032:
3981:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3945:están diciendo
3942:
3937:
3935:están creyendo
3932:
3930:están hablando
3927:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3908:están diciendo
3905:
3900:
3898:están creyendo
3895:
3893:están hablando
3890:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3762:estás diciendo
3759:
3754:
3752:estás creyendo
3749:
3747:estás hablando
3744:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3727:estoy diciendo
3724:
3719:
3717:estoy creyendo
3714:
3712:estoy hablando
3709:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3608:estar haciendo
3575:
3572:
3562:+ determinate
3526:
3525:
3514:
3507:
3496:
3432:Main article:
3429:
3426:
3386:
3383:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3319:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3289:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3212:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3179:
3145:
3142:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:stavano avendo
3079:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3040:stavate avendo
3037:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:stavamo avendo
2995:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:stava credendo
2968:
2966:stava parlando
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2929:stavi credendo
2926:
2924:stavi parlando
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:stavo credendo
2884:
2882:stavo parlando
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2796:and imperfect
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2648:("to be") and
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2630:stanno dicendo
2627:
2625:stanno finendo
2622:
2617:
2612:
2610:stanno essendo
2607:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:state credendo
2575:
2573:state parlando
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:stiamo dicendo
2543:
2541:stiamo finendo
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:stiamo essendo
2523:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:stai opponendo
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2273:
2270:
2219:auxiliary verb
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2154:simple present
2150:
2149:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2043:baiṭhā huā hai
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2019:baiṭh rahā hai
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1948:Main article:
1945:
1942:
1925:
1922:
1809:
1806:
1802:we were eating
1800:translates as
1785:
1782:
1548:quand il frapp
1488:
1487:
1438:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1395:
1340:
1249:
1162:
1139:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1106:jeg har fløjet
1094:
1085:
1075:at lægge (sig)
1069:jeg sidder ned
1048:("standing"),
1034:
1008:
1005:
995:
994:
968:
954:
946:
938:
937:
935:
931:
930:
924:} wear clothes
904:
896:
884:
876:
875:
873:
869:
868:
865:
814:
811:
764:
750:
742:
730:
722:
721:
696:
695:
669:
655:
647:
639:
638:
636:
632:
631:
605:
591:
583:
575:
574:
572:
568:
567:
564:
536:
533:
525:
522:
468:
465:
461:British Celtic
440:
437:
436:
435:
434:
433:
430:
427:
393:
390:
385:Main article:
382:
379:
374:
371:
345:
342:
253:
252:
235:
234:
149:
147:
140:
133:
132:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4684:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:Relative time
4630:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4576:
4575:frequentative
4572:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4501:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4453:
4451:0-415-15032-9
4447:
4444:. Routledge.
4443:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4420:
4418:0-415-08945-X
4414:
4411:. Routledge.
4410:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4215:
4208:
4207:0-415-28810-X
4204:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4187:) in Turkish.
4186:
4179:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:Frequentative
4092:
4091:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:está diciendo
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:está creyendo
3822:
3820:
3819:está hablando
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:está diciendo
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:está creyendo
3787:
3785:
3784:está hablando
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3639:to keep doing
3636:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3558:; and prefix
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3379:estar fazendo
3376:
3375:estar a fazer
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:Progressive:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:stava dicendo
2979:
2977:
2976:stava finendo
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:stava essendo
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:stavi dicendo
2937:
2935:
2934:stavi finendo
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:stavi essendo
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:stavo dicendo
2895:
2893:
2892:stavo finendo
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:stavo essendo
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2802:stavo andando
2799:
2795:
2794:stavo andando
2791:
2787:
2786:stavo andando
2783:
2779:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:stanno avendo
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:state dicendo
2586:
2584:
2583:state finendo
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:state essendo
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:stiamo avendo
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:sta opponendo
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:stai credendo
2450:
2448:
2447:stai parlando
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:sto opponendo
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:parlo inglese
2283:
2279:
2272:Present tense
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:frequentative
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:بیٹھا ہوا ہے
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1916:(cf. English
1915:
1914:he is reading
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:he is reading
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1753:nous mangions
1748:
1744:construction
1743:
1739:
1738:Quebec French
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1574:passé composé
1570:
1569:compound past
1566:
1563:when he knock
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1515:nous mangions
1510:
1504:
1500:construction
1499:
1494:
1484:
1481:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1439:This section
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1394:are uncommon.
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:I sit to read
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1054:("lying") or
1052:
1046:
1042:("sitting"),
1040:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1002:
992:
989:
987:
982:
980:
974:
971:
966:
965:
959:
958:
952:
949:
944:
941:
936:
933:
932:
928:
925:
923:
918:
916:
910:
907:
902:
899:
894:
893:
889:
888:
882:
879:
874:
871:
870:
866:
864:
863:
860:
858:
853:
849:
829:
824:
820:
810:
795:
793:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
770:
767:
762:
761:
755:
754:
748:
745:
740:
739:
735:
734:
728:
725:
720:
716:
702:
693:
690:
688:
683:
681:
675:
672:
667:
666:
660:
659:
653:
650:
645:
642:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
624:
619:
617:
611:
608:
603:
602:
596:
595:
589:
586:
581:
578:
573:
570:
569:
565:
563:
562:
559:
555:
547:
541:
532:
530:
521:
519:
517:
511:
506:
503:
498:
495:
490:
487:
482:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
431:
428:
425:
424:
423:
422:
421:
419:
415:
413:
409:
405:
399:
388:
378:
370:
367:
363:
356:) in Turkish.
355:
350:
341:
339:
338:present tense
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
281:
273:
268:
264:
260:
249:
246:
231:
228:
220:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178: –
177:
173:
172:Find sources:
166:
162:
156:
155:
150:This article
148:
144:
139:
138:
129:
126:
118:
108:
107:the talk page
104:
98:
96:
91:This article
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4571:distributive
4557:Delimitative
4551:
4547:Imperfective
4540:Semelfactive
4441:
4408:
4398:Bibliography
4354:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4318:
4312:
4304:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4276:
4270:
4261:
4255:
4247:
4241:
4233:
4227:
4219:
4214:
4198:
4193:
4184:
4178:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4145:
4140:
4133:
4132:G.L. Lewis,
4128:
3971:hålla på att
3963:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3678:(to believe)
3675:
3669:
3663:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3516:Past tense:
3511:będzie pisać
3510:
3503:
3502:("writes");
3499:
3492:
3488:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3437:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3346:
3340:
3324:
3313:
3305:
3294:
3283:
3276:Continuous:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3244:
3233:
3217:
3206:
3195:
3184:
3173:
3164:Intransitive
3162:
3158:transitivity
3153:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2956:stava avendo
2955:
2950:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2914:stavi avendo
2913:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2872:stavo avendo
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2563:state avendo
2562:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:sta credendo
2493:
2489:sta parlando
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2462:stai dicendo
2461:
2457:stai finendo
2456:
2451:
2446:
2442:stai essendo
2441:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:sto credendo
2409:
2405:sto parlando
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2095:
2090:
2071:
2066:
2047:
2042:
2036:बैठा हुआ है
2023:
2018:
2015:بیٹھ رہا ہے
2004:Translation
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1953:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1917:
1913:
1910:er tut lesen
1909:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1886:I am reading
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1742:periphrastic
1736:
1725:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1637:je/tu/il/ils
1631:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1600:
1587:
1579:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1545:
1538:passé simple
1520:
1518:("we ate").
1498:periphrastic
1491:
1476:
1467:
1452:Please help
1440:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:I am cooking
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:I am reading
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1063:Han står dér
1010:
998:
990:
985:
983:
978:
976:
961:
956:
926:
921:
919:
914:
912:
891:
886:
872:Progressive
856:
822:
816:
797:
794:
789:
785:
783:
778:
774:
772:
757:
752:
737:
732:
703:
699:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
662:
657:
627:
622:
620:
615:
613:
598:
593:
571:Progressive
538:
527:
513:
507:
499:
491:
476:
470:
442:
416:
411:
401:
376:
365:
361:
359:
353:
333:
327:
322:
318:
310:
304:
300:
294:
290:imperfective
279:
271:
262:
258:
256:
241:
223:
217:October 2016
214:
204:
197:
190:
183:
171:
159:Please help
154:verification
151:
121:
115:October 2016
112:
101:Please help
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
4644:Prospective
4507:Grammatical
3684:(to finish)
3647:to continue
3612:to be doing
3590:) plus the
3371:to be doing
3131:stare/stavo
2809:in ospedale
2790:I was going
2782:sto andando
2504:sta dicendo
2499:sta finendo
2484:sta essendo
2437:stai avendo
2420:sto dicendo
2415:sto finendo
2400:sto essendo
2321:verbs take
2306:(skating),
2290:Sto uscendo
2012:बैठ रहा है
1880:(literally
1659:instead of
1413:), meaning
1411:She is shop
1382:), meaning
1370:), meaning
1311:), meaning
1299:), meaning
1275:), meaning
1236:), meaning
1224:), meaning
1212:), meaning
1200:), meaning
1157:), meaning
1153:(literally
1100:han er gået
934:Continuous
635:Continuous
319:progressive
267:abbreviated
4525:Perfective
4115:References
4001:"sit" and
3696:(to work)
3618:being the
3556:приходи́ть
3472:Suppletion
3418:mikuchkani
3414:mikuchkani
3343:Portuguese
3337:Portuguese
3253:incorrect.
3197:Transitive
3185:haitte iru
2788:expresses
2772:Past tense
2660:infinitive
2479:sta avendo
2395:sto avendo
2303:pattinando
2175:adjectival
2122:(to be) +
1963:Hindustani
1944:Hindi-Urdu
1870:Low German
1842:Westphalia
1747:être après
1621:à la porte
1617:, il frapp
1613:nous mange
1607:à la porte
1603:, il frapp
1599:Nous mange
1552:à la porte
494:Ntta itari
408:participle
396:See also:
336:form as a
332:count the
323:continuous
259:continuous
187:newspapers
97:to readers
57:improve it
4623:Cessative
4567:Iterative
4562:Imperfect
4535:Momentane
4427:cite book
4387:161530848
4371:0019-7246
4120:Footnotes
3672:(to talk)
3600:gerundive
3465:be buying
3325:chiriyoru
3245:irete iru
3218:tabeteiru
3148:Standard
3137:, etc.).
2600:essi/esse
2474:egli/ella
2179:adverbial
2112:Icelandic
2107:Icelandic
1936:+ verb +
1892:(roughly
1838:Ruhr Area
1834:Rhineland
1759:imparfait
1544:nous mang
1528:imparfait
1523:imperfect
1470:June 2024
1441:does not
1265:busy with
1261:bezig met
922:right now
892:right now
832:(or just
540:Cantonese
535:Cantonese
292:aspects.
63:talk page
4666:Category
4598:Habitual
4379:24651488
4088:See also
3989:"walk",
3846:nosotros
3694:trabajar
3690:(to say)
3682:terminar
3620:gerundio
3616:haciendo
3592:gerundio
3543:prefixes
3541:. When
3420:because
3367:Portugal
3355:Alentejo
3295:chittoru
3150:Japanese
3144:Japanese
2325:and the
2158:standing
1930:Hawaiian
1924:Hawaiian
1884:) means
1828:meaning
1824:) as in
1790:Jèrriais
1784:Jèrriais
1593:gérondif
1541:); e.g.
1178:to stand
1081:at ligge
867:Example
823:zhèngzài
819:Mandarin
813:Mandarin
566:Example
4161:Turkish
3995:"lie",
3960:Swedish
3883:ustedes
3851:estamos
3810:él/ella
3666:(to be)
3580:Spanish
3574:Spanish
3552:ходи́ть
3546:prefix
3522:napisał
3504:napisze
3493:napisać
3463:" and "
3456:kupovat
3390:Quechua
3385:Quechua
3232:彼はペンを鞄に
3154:-te iru
2951:lui/lei
2860:opporre
2845:credere
2840:parlare
2762:ponendo
2740:facendo
2718:bevendo
2696:dicendo
2383:opporre
2368:credere
2363:parlare
2310:skating
2215:Italian
2210:Italian
1697:, e.g.
1646:, e.g.
1586:) as a
1462:removed
1447:sources
1147:aan het
988:clothes
984:I wear
973:clothes
909:clothes
792:clothes
788:} wear
786:at here
769:clothes
738:at here
689:clothes
685:I wear
674:clothes
625:clothes
621:I wear
610:clothes
529:Chinese
524:Chinese
473:Amazigh
471:In the
381:English
362:dynamic
330:Turkish
315:Chinese
297:English
201:scholar
93:may be
4593:Gnomic
4530:Aorist
4448:
4415:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4205:
3670:hablar
3660:person
3645:being
3643:seguir
3637:means
3610:means
3596:gerund
3568:прийти
3477:Polish
3461:to buy
3450:koupit
3410:mikuni
3406:tenses
3394:suffix
3351:Brazil
3205:彼は晩ご飯を
2850:finire
2835:essere
2826:person
2813:andavo
2806:andavo
2798:andavo
2757:ponevo
2735:facevo
2730:faccio
2713:bevevo
2691:dicevo
2674:gerund
2646:essere
2373:finire
2358:essere
2349:person
2226:gerund
2183:verbal
1995:Hindi
1866:on the
1862:at the
1840:, and
1836:, the
1818:gerade
1814:German
1808:German
1726:gerund
1722:gerund
1689:gerund
1672:, but
1632:gerund
1588:gerund
1493:French
1422:French
1409:(lit.
1378:(lit.
1366:(lit.
1327:(lit.
1319:(lit.
1307:(lit.
1295:(lit.
1271:(lit.
1248:, etc.
1232:(lit.
1220:(lit.
1208:(lit.
1196:(lit.
1186:to lie
1182:liggen
1170:to sit
1166:zitten
1051:ligger
1039:sidder
1018:er ved
1007:Danish
486:ttugha
479:ttugha
467:Berber
457:French
439:Origin
404:copula
309:or as
284:) are
203:
196:
189:
182:
174:
4383:S2CID
4375:JSTOR
3998:sitta
3992:ligga
3925:están
3920:ellos
3888:están
3774:usted
3742:estás
3707:estoy
3688:decir
3676:creer
3664:estar
3628:to do
3624:hacer
3588:to be
3584:estar
3564:идти́
3518:pisał
3500:pisze
3489:pisać
3402:-ykaa
3398:-chka
3357:) or
3271:-yoru
3267:-toru
3234:入れている
3207:食べている
3174:入っている
3172:ペンが鞄に
3123:stare
2830:avere
2778:stare
2752:pongo
2747:porre
2650:avere
2353:avere
2339:stare
2335:-endo
2323:-ando
2308:I am
2297:stare
2246:-endo
2244:) or
2230:-ando
2222:stare
2181:than
2167:-andi
1998:Urdu
1955:Hindi
1906:to do
1850:to be
1777:après
1703:mange
1678:mange
1665:mange
1652:mange
1555:("we
1403:to be
1352:bezig
1348:to be
1257:to be
1174:staan
1128:to be
1114:Dutch
917:穿 衣服。
453:Latin
366:state
334:-iyor
208:JSTOR
194:books
4618:verb
4509:and
4446:ISBN
4433:link
4413:ISBN
4367:ISSN
4203:ISBN
4077:and
4053:and
3814:está
3779:está
3560:при-
3548:при-
3412:and
3353:and
3347:-ndo
3314:散りよる
3312:桜の花が
3284:散っとる
3282:桜の花が
3261:and
3127:-are
3077:loro
2855:dire
2725:fare
2708:bevo
2703:bere
2686:dico
2681:dire
2378:dire
2331:-ire
2329:and
2327:-ere
2319:-are
2315:stem
2301:sto
2280:and
2254:-ire
2250:-ere
2234:-are
2171:vera
2120:vera
1978:honā
1968:rahā
1959:Urdu
1912:for
1858:beim
1846:sein
1794:êt'
1676:Nous
1590:(or
1557:were
1546:ions
1535:(or
1525:(or
1445:any
1443:cite
1399:zijn
1390:and
1356:busy
1344:zijn
1335:and
1253:zijn
1143:zijn
1124:zijn
1045:står
1030:beim
986:CONT
977:我 穿
963:CONT
951:wear
901:wear
790:PROG
759:PROG
747:wear
687:CONT
678:我 著
664:CONT
652:wear
623:PROG
614:我 著
600:PROG
588:wear
516:aqqa
510:Riff
455:and
447:and
412:-ing
280:PROG
276:and
272:CONT
261:and
257:The
180:news
4359:doi
4004:stå
3649:).
3630:).
3622:of
3578:In
3487:):
3438:In
3424:).
3400:or
3341:In
3035:voi
2993:noi
2558:voi
2516:noi
2252:or
2177:or
2081:2b
2057:2a
2033:1b
2009:1a
1984:huā
1938:nei
1928:In
1920:).
1902:tun
1864:or
1856:or
1705:ant
1682:...
1680:ant
1669:...
1667:ant
1656:...
1654:ant
1650:Moi
1615:ant
1605:ait
1601:ant
1561:ing
1559:eat
1456:by
1285:van
1281:het
1180:),
1172:),
1057:går
981:衣服。
970:衣服。
920:I {
906:衣服。
857:zhe
784:I {
459:or
445:Old
392:Use
163:by
4668::
4429:}}
4425:{{
4381:.
4373:.
4365:.
4355:16
4353:.
4349:.
4159:,
4071:,
4065:,
4047:,
4041:,
4031:".
3986:gå
3738:tú
3702:yo
3626:,
3566:=
3554:=
3396::
3381:.
3363:to
3199::
3166::
3133:,
2909:tu
2867:io
2815:.
2432:tu
2390:io
2268:.
2260:,
2240:,
2124:að
1987:.
1934:ke
1876:,
1854:am
1804:.
1717:en
1709:il
1701:en
1694:en
1663:Je
1627:en
1565:ed
1360:te
1289:of
1244:,
1228:,
1216:,
1204:,
1190:te
1033:".
1003:.
915:正在
913:我
887:正在
859:.
841:喺度
828:正在
800:喺度
781:衫。
777:著
775:喺度
773:我
766:衫。
733:喺度
715:喺度
682:衫。
671:衫。
618:衫。
607:衫。
66:.
4616:/
4573:/
4569:/
4499:e
4492:t
4485:v
4454:.
4435:)
4421:.
4389:.
4361::
4209:.
3641:(
3614:(
3602:/
3598:/
3594:(
3586:(
3361:(
3359:a
3327:.
3316:。
3297:.
3286:。
3247:.
3236:。
3220:.
3209:。
3187:.
3176:。
2804:/
2256:(
2236:(
1961:(
1957:-
1904:(
1860:(
1848:(
1820:(
1619:a
1571:(
1550:a
1483:)
1477:(
1472:)
1468:(
1464:.
1450:.
1417:.
1401:(
1354:(
1346:(
1339:.
1287:(
1263:(
1255:(
1184:(
1176:(
1168:(
1161:.
1134:(
1126:(
979:著
957:著
948:穿
943:I
940:我
898:穿
881:I
878:我
852:着
850:/
848:著
835:在
806:緊
779:緊
753:緊
744:著
727:I
724:我
707:緊
680:住
658:住
649:著
644:I
641:我
616:緊
594:緊
585:著
580:I
577:我
554:住
546:緊
265:(
248:)
242:(
230:)
224:(
219:)
215:(
205:·
198:·
191:·
184:·
157:.
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
109:.
99:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
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