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freeholders – a certain number from each county – to form the upper house, or
Council. Should the conflict with Great Britain last beyond 1776, and barring instructions to the contrary from the Continental Congress, the Constitution provided for the popular election of the Councilors. Together the Assembly and Council were responsible for running the government of the colony, including the appointment of all civil and military officers. The Constitution did not provide for a chief executive of any kind.
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to place the question on the ballot. A majority of qualified voters participating in an election is required to convene a convention. At the next election the delegates are elected by the people, or earlier as provided by the
General Court. A three-fifths vote of the number of delegates is required to send a proposed constitutional amendment to ratification (see below).
78:. It protects citizens against double jeopardy, unreasonable searches and seizures, and being required to quarter soldiers. In most cases, the state constitution affords more specific protections than the U.S. Constitution. Unlike the U.S. Constitution, New Hampshire's Bill of Rights has been amended regularly since its adoption.
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Unlike the U.S. Constitution, in which amendments are set out beneath the main body (and brackets or strike-through are sometimes used to show text in the main body that an amendment has made inoperative), amendments to the New
Hampshire constitution change the text in place. Although a law book with
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Articles 25–40, excluding 28 which was repealed in 1976, define the role and makeup of The Senate, the upper house of the
General Court. This section is similar to the section regarding the House of Representatives, with the largest difference that the Senate is the ultimate arbiter of all elections.
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for ratification. During the town meetings there were substantial proposed amendments that the
Constitution was redrafted by the Convention and resubmitted to town meetings in Fall 1782. The second draft of the 1782 Constitution was met with even more proposed amendments. A third draft was necessary
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A majority vote of both houses of the
General Court is required to place the following question on the ballot: "Shall there be a convention to amend or revise the constitution?" If such question has not been submitted to the people in ten years, the Secretary of State is required by Pt. II, Art. 100
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Articles 9–24 establish the authority and makeup of the House of
Representatives, the lower house of the General Court. This section of the Constitution establishes how representatives are elected, their responsibilities, and their privileges. These articles make clear that all state-level budgetary
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and sole right to sign or veto bills and resolutions passed by the
General Court and is charged with the "faithful execution of the laws". The Governor is elected to a two-year term at the November biennial elections, and must be 30 years old and have been a resident of the state for seven years at
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or maladministration, in office. The House of
Representatives is given the authority to impeach state officers, while the Senate hears, tries, and determines all impeachments made by the House. The articles also state the rules for the Senate's impeachment hearings and provide for the Chief Justice
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Article 15, Compensation of the
Legislature, fixes the pay for General Court members at $ 200 per term (two years) and $ 250 for the presiding officers. Legislators also receive mileage for "actual daily attendance on legislative days, but not after the legislature shall have been in session for 45
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The people of this state have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and do, and forever hereafter shall, exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction, and right, pertaining thereto, which is not, or may not hereafter be, by them expressly
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Although counties, cities, and towns in New Hampshire are legal constructs of the state, Article 28-a. was added in 1984 to stop the practice by which the state expanded their duties. It provides that any "new, expanded or modified programs or responsibilities" must either be "fully funded by the
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The Constitution established a legislature with two branches: a House of Representatives (or Assembly) and Council. The popularly elected convention which framed this Constitution was called a Congress, and it was to reconstitute itself as the House of Representatives. The House was to select 12
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Government being instituted for the common benefit, protection, and security, of the whole community, and not for the private interest or emolument of any one man, family, or class of men; therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all
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The second half of Article 83, added in 1903, empowers the state to regulate economic activity. It declares a right to "free and fair competition in the trades and industries" and specifies that a goal of regulation is to "prevent...combination, conspiracy, monopoly, or any other unfair means."
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and voter qualification process for state and municipal ballot elections, which includes primaries. Polling and voter registration places are required to be "easily accessible to all persons" which specifically includes the disabled and elderly persons who are otherwise qualified to vote in the
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An amendment approved by either of the above methods is sent to the people at the next biennial November election. A two-thirds vote of the qualified voters participating in an election is required to ratify the amendment. If the amendment does not receive this vote, it does not take effect.
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On September 7, 1791, a constitutional convention began drafting 72 amendments to the 1784 Constitution be redrafted into a new whole document and submitted it to the people on February 8, 1792. The revisions of the 1784 Constitution submitted to the people became effective June 5, 1793.
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Article 71 details the responsibilities and powers of county level officials such as the county sheriffs, county attorneys, county treasurers, registrars of probate, and registrars of deeds. Article 72 details the selection of registrars of deeds, which usually is a countywide position.
139:. Persons convicted of "treason, bribery or any willful violation of the election laws of this state or of the United States" are excluded from voting in elections; which may be restored by the Supreme Court on notice to the Attorney General. The General Court is required to establish
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annotations describes amendments to the text, the actual amendment is not included in a presentation of the constitution; only the text as the amendment revised it. An amendment will sometimes add an article; for instance, an article following Article 12 will be called Article 12-a.
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Article 58 states, "the governor and council shall be compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the general court shall think reasonable;" and Article 59 requires that "permanent and honorable salaries" be established by law, for the justices of the
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other means of redress are ineffectual, the people may, and of right ought to reform the old, or establish a new government. The doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power, and oppression, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.
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before it was resubmitted and accepted in the town meetings "as is." In Spring 1783, a requisite number of town meetings ratified the third draft and it became effective June 2, 1784. On October 31, 1783, the constitution was established and the Convention adjourned
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New Hampshire has had seventeen constitutional conventions. They have proposed 64 amendments, of which the voters have ratified 26. On November 8, 2022, voters for the eighteenth time declined to call a constitutional convention, this time by a ratio of 66% to 34%.
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Before 1964, the only method for amending the constitution was by convention every seven years. The adoption of an amendment to Pt. II, Art. 100 allowed for either the General Court or Constitutional Convention to submit amendments to the people for adoption.
318:, the Governor has the authority to call the General Court into session when in recess, to adjourn it early, and dissolve the General Court as required for the welfare of the state. The Governor, with the advice of the Council, has the authority to
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The first half of Article 83 tasks future legislators to "cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools...." The text was amended in 1877 to clarify that state money could not go to religious schools.
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is often litigated. In 2002, the state supreme court dictated the districts. Article 11 was last amended in 2006 to provide that towns whose size entitles them to one representative will have their own representative, but to allow the use of
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except for "actual services...and never for more than one year at a time." Article 36–a was added in 1984 to clarify that the state retirement system is constitutional, and to earmark its funds to pay the benefits due retirees.
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era ended. The General Court has debated, but has never approved, a constitutional amendment that would align the right of education with the legislature's authority to appropriate funds and the desire for local control.
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Articles 84–101 (excluding Articles 97 and 99) regard the installment of appointed and elected state officials; and the method for the Constitution taking effect, it being enrolled, and methods for proposing amendments.
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applicable election. Non-payment of any tax is not a permitted exclusion from voting. Every inhabitant of the state, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to be elected into office.
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543:. The 1776 Constitution did not contain a Bill of Rights, nor was it submitted to the people of New Hampshire. The constitution was the first constitution ever ratified by an American
42:. Subsections of each part are known as articles. For example, the subsection dealing with free speech and liberty of the press is cited as "Part I, Article 22" or "Pt. I, Art. 22."
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On June 5, 1781, a constitutional convention was convened and began writing the state's new constitution. In the Spring of 1782, a draft of the constitution was sent to
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to serve office during the pleasure of the judge. Clerks are prohibited from acting as attorneys in the court of which they are a clerk and from drawing any
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to establish a civil government, and specified the manner and form that government would have. The Congress ratified the Constitution at the urging of the
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cases began an era in which the supreme court repeatedly found school–funding legislation unconstitutional. In 2009, the court found the original suit was
156:...if the taking is for the purpose of private development...." was ratified in 2006. It was one of many actions that various states took, in the wake of
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Articles 72-a.–81 dictate the rights and responsibilities of the Supreme and Superior Courts as well as other state sanctioned court officers.
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A three-fifths vote of each house of the General Court is required to send a proposed constitutional amendment to ratification (see below).
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Part II, Article 100 of the constitution provides for the following two methods of proposing amendments to the constitution:
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All persons have the right to keep and bear arms in defense of themselves, their families, their property and the state.
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Part Second contains 101 articles that specify how state government functions. Article 1 established
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Articles 60–66 discuss the selection, ejection and conduct of the five Executive Councilors.
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to preside over the impeachment hearings involving the Governor, but not have a vote.
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Article 82 gives judges of the courts (except probate) the sole authority to appoint
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Part First of the constitution is made up of 43 articles, codifying many of the same
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Basic law (Bill of Rights and Form of Government) of the U.S. state of New Hampshire
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302:(originally styled "President") is the supreme executive magistrate and is titled "
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as the official name of the sovereign and independent state, formerly known as the
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the previous year, to limit the uses of eminent domain permitted by that decision.
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Article 12-a., which states that "No part of a person's property shall be taken by
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Updyke, Frank A. "New Hampshire Constitutional Convention (in News and Notes)."
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state" or "approved for funding by a vote of the local legislative body...."
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330:, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officers of the state
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In 1993, the New Hampshire supreme court agreed with school districts near
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Articles 41–59 define the roles and selection of the Executive Branch. The
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New Hampshire voters do not have the power to make or repeal laws through
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that Article 83 made equal public education a state responsibility. The
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200:. The remainder of Part II is subdivided in the following sections:
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White, Leonard D. "The New Hampshire Constitutional Convention."
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delegated to the United States of America in congress assembled.
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spanning several towns or wards to achieve greater precision.
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New Hampshire has the ability to govern itself independently.
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On January 5, 1776, the Congress of New Hampshire voted in
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306:". The Governor is given the sole authority to command the
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legislation must originate from the House, much like the
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New Hampshire is one of several states that codify a "
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Oaths and Subscriptions Exclusion From Offices, etc.
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269:Articles 38–40 describe how state officers may be
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709:. Vol. 19, No. 4. (Feb., 1921), pp. 383–394.
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702:. Vol. 7, No. 1. (Feb., 1913), pp. 133–137.
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131:Article 11. Elections and Elective Franchises.
34:The constitution is divided into two parts: a
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212:and its authority to establish courts, enact
208:Articles 2–8 establish the framework for the
687:The Green Papers: State and Local Government
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179:Article 36 barred the state from providing
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21:Constitution of the State of New Hampshire
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2721:State constitutions of the United States
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609:Grant, Daniel R.; Omdahl, Lloyd (1987).
399:Encouragement of Literature, Trade, etc.
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300:Governor of the State of New Hampshire
239:United States House of Representatives
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700:The American Political Science Review
612:State and Local Government in America
2189:Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant
664:"New Hampshire 2022 ballot measures"
639:The New Hampshire State Constitution
636:Friedman, Lawrence (16 March 2015).
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322:offense not for impeachment; and to
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2369:State constitutions (United States)
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326:and appoint all judicial officers,
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681:New Hampshire State Constitution
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82:Article 2-a. The Bearing of Arms
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166:Article 28-a. Unfunded mandates
109:Article 10. Right of Revolution
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23:is the fundamental law of the
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308:New Hampshire National Guard
188:Part II – Form of Government
148:Article 12-a. Eminent domain
95:Article 7. State Sovereignty
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642:. Oxford University Press.
288:New Hampshire Supreme Court
218:Government of New Hampshire
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354:Secretary, Treasurer, etc.
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294:Executive Power – Governor
220:, provide for the State's
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159:Kelo v. City of New London
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615:. Brown & Benchmark.
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198:province of New Hampshire
2670:Northern Mariana Islands
2328:New Hampshire portal
683:(Official state website)
411:in the first of several
235:British House of Commons
228:House of Representatives
2264:Low and Burbank's Grant
856:Old Man of the Mountain
314:With the advice of the
46:Part I – Bill of Rights
884:Dartmouth–Lake Sunapee
362:County Treasurer, etc.
311:the time of election.
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2711:1784 in New Hampshire
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2706:1784 in American law
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585:Burling v. Chandler,
569:New Hampshire portal
541:Continental Congress
273:and be punished for
175:Article 36. Pensions
121:. Article 10 reads:
64:freedom of the press
29:constitution of 1776
2680:U.S. Virgin Islands
2289:Sargent's Purchase
2214:Crawford's Purchase
2209:Chandler's Purchase
868:Tourist attractions
707:Michigan Law Review
448:Method of Amendment
251:floterial districts
115:Right of Revolution
72:freedom of religion
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820:Secretary of State
692:2005-08-29 at the
76:right to bear arms
40:Form of Government
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889:Great North Woods
815:Executive Council
649:978-0-19-024360-9
622:978-0-697-06802-6
531:1776 Constitution
458:gender neutrality
316:Executive Council
204:The General Court
119:Revolutionary War
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2224:Dix's Grant
1988:Springfield
1923:Rollinsford
1793:New Ipswich
1783:New Hampton
1743:Mont Vernon
1693:Marlborough
1658:Londonderry
1523:Harrisville
1418:Francestown
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1273:Clarksville
1248:Charlestown
1198:Bridgewater
1055:Somersworth
863:LGBT rights
841:Delegations
808:Officials (
283:malpractice
68:jury trials
60:free speech
2695:Categories
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2528:New Jersey
2403:California
2274:Millsfield
2259:Livermore
2153:Winchester
2138:Whitefield
2108:Washington
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2023:Sugar Hill
1953:Sanbornton
1888:Plainfield
1883:Pittsfield
1838:Nottingham
1818:Northfield
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1773:New Durham
1768:New Castle
1758:New Boston
1648:Litchfield
1603:Kensington
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1488:Greenville
1478:Greenfield
1408:Farmington
1333:Dorchester
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1233:Canterbury
1208:Brookfield
1163:Bennington
1138:Barrington
1088:Allenstown
1083:Alexandria
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1035:Manchester
967:Rockingham
804:Government
587:148 NH 143
555:References
494:referendum
279:corruption
214:state laws
74:, and the
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2588:Tennessee
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2204:Cambridge
2182:Townships
2173:Woodstock
2168:Wolfeboro
2128:Wentworth
2088:Wakefield
2013:Stratford
2008:Strafford
1978:Shelburne
1948:Salisbury
1878:Pittsburg
1833:Northwood
1803:Newmarket
1788:Newington
1778:Newfields
1718:Middleton
1713:Merrimack
1653:Littleton
1613:Lancaster
1598:Jefferson
1578:Hopkinton
1533:Haverhill
1498:Hampstead
1483:Greenland
1453:Goffstown
1443:Gilmanton
1423:Franconia
1378:Ellsworth
1373:Effingham
1348:Dunbarton
1318:Deerfield
1278:Colebrook
1213:Brookline
1193:Brentwood
1173:Bethlehem
1133:Barnstead
1050:Rochester
1000:Claremont
972:Strafford
962:Merrimack
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846:Elections
761:(capital)
428:Claremont
420:Claremont
414:Claremont
409:Claremont
271:impeached
2608:Virginia
2558:Oklahoma
2538:New York
2513:Nebraska
2503:Missouri
2488:Michigan
2478:Maryland
2463:Kentucky
2443:Illinois
2418:Delaware
2408:Colorado
2398:Arkansas
2254:Kilkenny
2229:Dixville
2063:Thornton
2053:Tamworth
2028:Sullivan
2018:Stratham
2003:Stoddard
1968:Seabrook
1963:Sandwich
1913:Richmond
1903:Randolph
1898:Plymouth
1893:Plaistow
1873:Piermont
1863:Pembroke
1708:Meredith
1633:Lempster
1608:Kingston
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1558:Hinsdale
1543:Henniker
1473:Grantham
1313:Danville
1283:Columbia
1188:Bradford
1178:Boscawen
1143:Bartlett
1123:Atkinson
1015:Franklin
977:Sullivan
942:Cheshire
924:Counties
909:Seacoast
810:Governor
794:Abortion
789:Politics
690:Archived
512:sine die
426:and the
324:nominate
237:and the
181:pensions
137:domicile
2628:Wyoming
2603:Vermont
2508:Montana
2448:Indiana
2428:Georgia
2423:Florida
2393:Arizona
2383:Alabama
2299:Success
2163:Windsor
2158:Windham
2123:Webster
2093:Walpole
2048:Swanzey
2033:Sunapee
1958:Sandown
1928:Roxbury
1908:Raymond
1853:Ossipee
1808:Newport
1763:Newbury
1728:Milford
1688:Madison
1683:Madbury
1638:Lincoln
1623:Langdon
1618:Landaff
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1588:Jackson
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1513:Hancock
1503:Hampton
1468:Grafton
1438:Gilford
1433:Fremont
1428:Freedom
1383:Enfield
1323:Deering
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1298:Croydon
1293:Cornish
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1253:Chatham
1238:Carroll
1218:Campton
1203:Bristol
1158:Belmont
1153:Bedford
1118:Ashland
1108:Andover
1103:Amherst
1093:Alstead
1073:Acworth
1030:Lebanon
1025:Laconia
1005:Concord
952:Grafton
937:Carroll
932:Belknap
877:Regions
851:Symbols
779:History
758:Concord
500:History
346:Council
286:of the
275:bribery
2563:Oregon
2518:Nevada
2458:Kansas
2433:Hawaii
2388:Alaska
2376:States
2148:Wilton
2143:Wilmot
2103:Warren
2098:Warner
2068:Tilton
2058:Temple
2043:Sutton
1973:Sharon
1933:Rumney
1918:Rindge
1858:Pelham
1848:Orford
1843:Orange
1813:Newton
1753:Nelson
1738:Monroe
1733:Milton
1698:Marlow
1663:Loudon
1643:Lisbon
1583:Hudson
1568:Hollis
1538:Hebron
1493:Groton
1463:Goshen
1458:Gorham
1448:Gilsum
1403:Exeter
1388:Epping
1363:Easton
1353:Durham
1343:Dummer
1338:Dublin
1303:Dalton
1288:Conway
1228:Candia
1223:Canaan
1168:Benton
1128:Auburn
1113:Antrim
1078:Albany
1040:Nashua
995:Berlin
987:Cities
784:People
767:Topics
646:
619:
537:Exeter
385:clerks
320:pardon
261:Senate
38:and a
2593:Texas
2473:Maine
2438:Idaho
2279:Odell
2118:Weare
2083:Unity
2038:Surry
1993:Stark
1943:Salem
1723:Milan
1703:Mason
1668:Lyman
1398:Errol
1393:Epsom
1368:Eaton
1328:Derry
1098:Alton
1065:Towns
1020:Keene
1010:Dover
774:Index
744:State
416:cases
2665:Guam
2598:Utah
2553:Ohio
2453:Iowa
2073:Troy
1673:Lyme
1548:Hill
1148:Bath
947:Coös
644:ISBN
617:ISBN
424:moot
389:writ
19:The
1938:Rye
1628:Lee
1183:Bow
746:of
2697::
547:.
460:.
395:.
342:.
334:.
281:,
277:,
241:.
70:,
66:,
62:,
31:.
2361:e
2354:t
2347:v
827:)
736:e
729:t
722:v
652:.
625:.
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