31:
926:
890:
549:
944:
3976:
669:(𓋹) have been proposed as interpretations as well. All of these symbols were used by Christians in the 3rd and 4th centuries. Eusebius concurs with Lactantius that a new device was added to Constantine's soldiers' shields but does not connect this with the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, saying only that the "sign of the saving trophy" was marked, but not specifying when. Sometime after 317, Eusebius was permitted by Constantine, probably either in 325 or in 335, to see a standard that was made according to the emperor's dreamt instructions during the civil war. He described it as:
293:
318:
588:
557:
1291:
448:
630:
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3988:
846:
1104:; both worthies had supposedly been martyred in Byzantium during the Diocletianic Persecution. The Church of St Mocius was supposed to have included parts of a former temple of Zeus or Hercules, though it is unlikely that such a temple existed on the site, which was without the walls of the Constantinian city as well as of erstwhile
976:
According to
Eusebius, in 331 Constantine had commissioned him to deliver fifty volumes of scriptures for the churches of Constantinople, which were to be bound in leather and easily portable. Only three or four churches are known certainly to have existed in Constantine's reign, but others appear to
921:
Some laws made during his reign were even humane in the modern sense and supported tolerance, possibly inspired by his
Christianity: a prisoner was no longer to be kept in total darkness but must be given the outdoors and daylight; a condemned man was allowed to die in the arena, but he could not be
808:
In 313 Constantine and
Licinius announced "that it was proper that the Christians and all others should have liberty to follow that mode of religion which to each of them appeared best," thereby granting tolerance to all religions, including Christianity. The Edict of Milan went a step further than
1766:
Constantine was not a young convert. He was over 40 and an experienced politician when he finally declared himself a
Christian. He had had time to take the measure of the new religion and the difficulties which emperors had experienced in suppressing it. He decided that Christianity was a religion
65:
Constantine ruled the Roman Empire as sole emperor for much of his reign. Some scholars allege that his main objective was to gain unanimous approval and submission to his authority from all classes, and therefore he chose
Christianity to conduct his political propaganda, believing that it was the
1364:
You will arrest Simon, chief of the
Christians. You will keep him until he signs this document and consents to collect for us a double tax and double tribute from the Christians … for we Gods have all the trials of war and they have nothing but repose and pleasure. They inhabit our territory and
1168:
The reign of
Constantine established a precedent for the position of the Christian emperor in the Church. Emperors considered themselves responsible to the gods for the spiritual health of their subjects, and after Constantine they had a duty to help the Church define and maintain orthodoxy. The
905:
Constantine respected cultivated persons, and his court was composed of older, respected, and honored men. Men from leading Roman families who declined to convert to
Christianity were denied positions of power yet still received appointments; even up to the end of his life, two-thirds of his top
1359:
in 324 and urged him to protect
Christians under his rule. With the establishment of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire, Christians in Persia would be regarded as allies of Persia's ancient enemy. According to an anonymous Christian account, Shapur II wrote to his generals:
869:
built, granted privileges (e.g., exemption from certain taxes) to clergy, promoted
Christians to high-ranking offices, returned property confiscated during the Great Persecution of Diocletian, and endowed the church with land and other wealth. Between 324 and 330, Constantine built a new city,
822:
of 380. The Edict of Milan did, however, raise the stock of Christianity within the empire and reaffirmed the importance of religious worship to the welfare of the state. Most influential people in the empire, especially high military officials, had not been converted to Christianity and still
897:
In doing this, however, Constantine required those who had not converted to Christianity to pay for the new city. Christian chroniclers tell that it appeared necessary to Constantine "to teach his subjects to give up their rites ... and to accustom them to despise their temples and the images
1321:
Constantine's position on the religions traditionally practiced in Rome evolved during his reign. In fact, his coinage and other official motifs, until 325, had affiliated him with the pagan cult of Sol Invictus. At first, Constantine encouraged the construction of new temples and tolerated
1274:
Churches. During Eusebius of Nicomedia's time in the imperial court, the Eastern court and the major positions in the Eastern Church were held by Arians or Arian sympathizers. With the exception of a short period of eclipse, Eusebius enjoyed the complete confidence both of Constantine and
918:, was declared an official day of rest. On that day markets were banned and public offices were closed, except for the purpose of freeing slaves. There were, however, no restrictions on performing farming work on Sundays, which was the work of the great majority of the population.
673:
A tall pole plated with gold had a transverse bar forming the shape of a cross. Up at the extreme top a wreath woven of precious stones and gold had been fastened. On it two letters, imitating by its first characters the name "Christ," formed the monogram of the Saviour's title,
102:
The prevailing spirit of Constantine's government was one of conservatism. His conversion to and support of Christianity produced fewer innovations than one might have expected; indeed they served an entirely conservative end, the preservation and continuation of the
1202:
is so classified). The Council of Nicaea is the first major attempt by Christians to define orthodoxy for the whole state. Until Nicaea, all previous Church councils had been local or regional synods affecting only portions of the Church.
467:
About the time of the midday sun, when the day was just turning, he said he saw with his own eyes up in the sky and resting over the sun, a cross-shaped trophy formed from light, and a text attached to it which said, "By this conquer."
1112:; although Eusebius does not mention any Byzantine church by name, he reports that Christian sites were numerous inside the city and around it. Later tradition ascribed to Constantine the foundations in Constantinople of the Church of
656:
It is unclear from these sources what Constantine saw and what was marked on his army's shields. Eusebius's description of the daytime vision suggests a cross-shaped (either Τ or †) symbol, whereas Lactantius's description suggests a
600:
Constantine was advised in a dream to mark the heavenly sign of God on the shields of his soldiers and then engage in battle. He did as he was commanded and by means of a letter X turned sideways, with the top of its head bent around
795:
from earlier monuments depicting prior emperors sacrificing to various gods were re-carved with the face of Constantine, does not have an image of Constantine sacrificing to Jupiter, although he is shown sacrificing to Apollo and to
1229:
for most of his adult life. He believed that if he waited to get baptized on his death bed he was in less danger of polluting his soul with sin and not getting to heaven. He was baptized by his distant relative Arian Bishop
506:
the Christ of God appeared to him with the sign which had appeared in the sky, and urged him to make himself a copy of the sign which had appeared in the sky, and to use this as a protection against the attacks of the
268:, caesar in the East, also were signatories to the edict. It has been speculated that Galerius' reversal of his long-standing policy of Christian persecution has been attributable to one or both of these co-caesars.
813:
by Galerius in 311, returning confiscated Church property. This edict made the empire officially neutral with regard to religious worship; it neither made the traditional religions illegal nor made Christianity the
1189:
sect (who began by refusing obedience to any bishops who had yielded in any way to persecution, later regarding all bishops but their own sect as utterly contaminated). More significantly, in 325 he summoned the
682:... From the transverse bar, which was bisected by the pole, hung suspended a cloth ... But the upright pole ... carried the golden head-and-shoulders portrait of the Godbeloved Emperor, and likewise of his sons.
898:
contained therein," This led to the closure of temples because of a lack of support, their wealth flowing to the imperial treasure; Constantine did not need to use force to implement this. It was the chronicler
864:
The accession of Constantine was a turning point for early Christianity. After his victory, Constantine took over the role of patron of the Christian faith. He supported the Church financially, had a number of
1180:
Constantine had become a worshiper of the Christian God, but he found that there were many opinions on that worship and indeed on who and what that God was. In 316, Constantine was asked to adjudicate in a
240:, the emperor ordered Christian buildings and the homes of Christians torn down and their sacred books collected and burned. Christians were arrested, tortured, mutilated, burned, starved, and condemned to
2619:
In general, there is a "silence of the Perso-Arab and classical historians on any claim by Iranian kings to divinity". The Cambridge history of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian ...: Volume 1, p.
1177:, and uphold ecclesiastical unity. The emperor ensured that God was properly worshiped in his empire; what proper worship (orthodoxy) and doctrines and dogma consisted of was for the Church to determine.
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5053:
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branded on his "heavenly beautified" face, since God was supposed to have made man in his image, but only on the feet. Publicly displayed gladiatorial games were ordered to be eliminated in 325.
86:
is a matter of debate among historians. His formal conversion in 312 is almost universally acknowledged among historians, despite that it was claimed he was baptized only on his deathbed by the
776:
and did not carry out the customary sacrifices to celebrate a general's victorious entry into Rome, instead heading directly to the imperial palace. This is probably because the traditional
831:
minted up to eight years after the battle still bore the images of Roman gods. The monuments he first commissioned, such as the Arch of Constantine, contained no reference to Christianity.
132:
decriminalizing Christian worship. The emperor became a great patron of the Church and set a precedent for the position of the Christian emperor within the Church and raised the notions of
2655:
The most impressive transitory change underlying our common experience, one that some thought was a permanent lunge forward in salvation history, was the so-called Constantinian shift.
886:
for him. Unlike "old" Rome, the city began to employ overtly Christian architecture, contained churches within the city walls, and had no pre-existing temples from other religions.
474:) Amazement at the spectacle seized both him and the whole company of soldiers which was then accompanying him on a campaign he was conducting somewhere, and witnessed the miracle.
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at his temple on the Capitoline, was traditionally celebrated after victory over Rome's enemies, rather than after the conquest of the city by a claimant in a civil war. The
525:
shortly after 313, Eusebius makes no mention of this story in that work and does not recount it until composing his posthumous biography of Constantine decades afterwards.
914:, to demonstrate the preservation of Roman supremacy. On March 7, 321, Sunday, which was sacred to Christians as the day of Christ's resurrection and to the Roman Sun God
824:
2328:
6076:
5406:
4555:
3653:
2750:
2324:
2039:
Constantine and Licinius, "The 'Edict of Milan'", in Documents of the Christian Church, trans. and ed. Henry Bettenson (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 22.
2320:
384:
and together presented him with three wreaths representing thirty years of power. This vision was perhaps in a dream experienced by the emperor while practising
5619:
3960:
3955:
1395:
process of Constantine's integration of the imperial government with the Church that began with the First Council of Nicaea. The term was popularized by the
537:, also does not mention a vision in the sky. Instead, Lactantius mentions only that Constantine's dream took place on the eve of the climactic battle on the
6111:
2336:
1407:
argues that there was a "brief, ambiguous 'Constantinian moment' in the fourth century," but that there was "no permanent, epochal 'Constantinian shift'."
696:
This later description of Eusebius's, written after 324, suggests a more elaborate symbol than does Lactantius's earlier text, involving the Greek letters
50:. Historians remain uncertain about Constantine's reasons for favoring Christianity, and theologians and historians have often argued about which form of
2453:
Velomirovic, Nikolai “St. Constantine, Equal to the Apostles” The Prologue of Ochrid. (Serbian Orthodox Church Diocese of Western America: May 21, 1999)
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30:
4025:
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3754:
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was written by Eusebius after Constantine had died, and Eusebius admitted that he had heard the story from Constantine long after it had happened.
1720:
Galerius, "Edict of Toleration", in Documents of the Christian Church, trans. and ed. Henry Bettenson (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 21.
6900:
4771:
4518:
17:
2649:
Yoder, John H. (1996). "Is There Such a Thing as Being Ready for Another Millennium?". In Miroslav Volf; Carmen Krieg; Thomas Kucharz (eds.).
98:, Constantine's conversion was a matter of realpolitik, meant to serve his political interest in keeping the empire united under his control:
6579:
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4330:
3064:
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What might be called the Constantinian shift began around the year 200 and took more than two hundred years to grow and unfold to full bloom.
422:
Eusebius of Caesarea and other Christian sources record that Constantine experienced a dramatic series of events sometime between his father
177:
117:
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1436:
94:
in 337; the real reasons behind it remain unknown and are debated also. According to Hans Pohlsander, professor emeritus of history at the
5502:
3337:
2830:
1421:
1310:
1008:
2136:
6535:
5075:
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2427:"V. Rev. Fr. Thaddaeus Hardenbrook. Emperor Constantine the Great (306–337). The Importance of His Faith in the History of the Church"
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1316:
284:. Writing to Christians, Constantine made clear that he believed that he owed his successes to the protection of the High God alone.
6910:
6038:
5990:
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Byzantium. According to Eusebius, Christian liturgies were also performed in Constantine's Mausoleum, the site of which became the
1225:
Just before his death in May 337, it is claimed that Constantine was baptised into Christianity. Up until this time he had been a
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2736:
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was a turning point for early Christianity, sometimes referred to as the Triumph of the Church, the Peace of the Church or the
95:
6547:
4283:
4018:
2253:
2009:
1979:
1897:
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H. A. Drake, Constantine and the Bishops: The Politics of Intolerance (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 149.
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who added centuries later that temples "were annihilated", but this was considered "not true" by contemporary historians.
6710:
5255:
3838:
3736:
3623:
2555:
4853:
4756:
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2153:
545:, with the crucial detail that the "sign" was marked on the Constantinian soldiers' shields. According to Lactantius:
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2710:
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2212:
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502:'in this sign, you will conquer'. According to Eusebius, Constantine also had a dream that same night. In the dream,
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75:
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quote: "he razed to their foundations those of them which had been the chief objects of superstitious reverence".
1392:
277:
256:
which granted Christians the right to practice their religion, although it did not restore any property to them.
55:
2695:, Introduction, translation, and commentary by Averil Cameron and Stuart G. Hall, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.
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971:
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1671:, Pp 33-34.; Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander,
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have been planned or established, for which the scriptures were commissioned. The volumes were likely
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https://web.archive.org/web/20130727022718/http://www.freewebs.com/vitaphone1/history/justinianc.html
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NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine
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2441:"Emperor Constantine the Great (306–337): The Importance of His Faith in the History of the Church"
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280:, exposed him to Christianity. In any case, he only declared himself a Christian after issuing the
237:
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government were non-Christian. Constantine's laws enforced and reflected his Christian attitudes.
232:
and was thus punishable by execution. The most widespread official persecution was carried out by
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in the West, which he had assumed unilaterally when his father died. According to the Eusebius'
34:
Constantine's vision and the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in a 9th-century Byzantine manuscript.
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1283:. After Constantine's death, his son and successor Constantius II was an Arian, as was Emperor
1243:
1129:
1056:
2148:
Carson, Don A. From Sabbath to Lord's Day. Wipf & Stock Publishers/Zondervan. pp. 252–98.
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768:, a ceremonial entrance to the city. Arriving inside Rome's walls he ignored the altars to
381:
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59:
54:
he subscribed to. There is no consensus among scholars as to whether he adopted his mother
2507:
R. MacMullen, "Christianizing The Roman Empire A.D. 100–400, Yale University Press, 1984,
1007:. Little else is known. It has been speculated that this may have provided motivation for
8:
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in 327, with Constantine looking skywards and an armoured emperor carrying spear and a
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contests to amuse spectators. The Great Persecution officially ended in April 311, when
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were martyred in Rome. However, modern historians debate whether the Roman government
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camps. After the Nicene council, and against its conclusions, he eventually recalled
576:
455:
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153:
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1096:, the first deified Roman emperor. Two other large churches were dedicated to Saint
587:
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6342:
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5881:
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Church generally regarded the definition of doctrine as the responsibility of the
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4689:
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1999:
1969:
1887:
1743:
1519:
1388:
1352:
1344:
1239:
1105:
1012:
933:
827:; Constantine's rule exhibited at least a willingness to appease these factions.
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815:
556:
281:
261:
224:
over a period of two and a half centuries. Their refusal to participate in the
129:
3142:
2550:
1290:
6894:
6655:
6586:
6436:
6144:
5784:
5779:
5517:
5454:
5443:
5330:
5217:
5120:
5108:
4972:
4945:
4885:
4364:
4184:
3833:
3759:
3725:
3709:
3669:
3352:
3327:
3103:
3013:
2998:
2920:
2546:
1605:
1463:
1055:
at the Battle of Chrysopolis in 324; its name, the Church of the Holy Peace (
777:
447:
393:
372:, recounted a vision apparently seen by the emperor while journeying between
337:
217:
in 96, from which point practising Jews paid the tax and Christians did not.
2672:
Defending Constantine: The Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of Christendom
2473:
2271:, McDonald & Sanders editors, 2002, pp. 414–15, for the entire paragraph
1748:. Making of Empire. Vol. 3 (10th Anniversary Revised ed.). Wiley.
6468:
6416:
6347:
6337:
6018:
5950:
5815:
5711:
5542:
5472:
5350:
5159:
5130:
4997:
4694:
4437:
4396:
3943:
3818:
3674:
3638:
3377:
3299:
3143:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2867:
1327:
952:
915:
849:
704:
538:
47:
43:
4003:
1524:(1962 ed.). University of Toronto Press (reprint 2003) . p. 73.
1047:
church of the same name. It commemorated the peace won by Constantine and
430:
on 28 October 312. The battle secured Constantine's claim to the title of
27:
Emperor Constantine's relationship, views, and laws regarding Christianity
6770:
6520:
6483:
6332:
6184:
6159:
6056:
5182:
5043:
5014:
4955:
4930:
4925:
4789:
4704:
4598:
4579:
4288:
3744:
3573:
3548:
3523:
3496:
3483:
3392:
3294:
2981:
2596:
1403:. The claim that there ever was a Constantinian shift has been disputed;
1117:
1052:
1044:
1040:
978:
907:
762:, Constantine became the undisputed emperor in the West and performed an
196:
137:
2426:
6618:
6357:
6154:
5810:
5742:
5562:
5312:
5260:
5065:
4895:
4540:
4369:
4313:
4308:
3528:
3113:
1396:
1226:
893:
Map of the Church and Empire in the East under Constantine (c. 330 AD).
857:
658:
530:
233:
1391:
to describe the political and theological aspects and outcomes of the
195:. According to Church tradition, it was during the reign of Nero that
74:
Christianity expanded throughout the empire, launching the era of the
6775:
6623:
6458:
6448:
6441:
6399:
6394:
6189:
6149:
5557:
5507:
5433:
5428:
5202:
5187:
4915:
4905:
4608:
4594:
4318:
1745:
The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200–1000
1549:
1356:
1340:
1088:
875:
759:
560:
444:
of "a cross-shaped trophy formed from light" above the sun at midday.
373:
355:
249:
241:
133:
408:
on Constantine, "augmenting the sway of his kingdom by long years".
6164:
6033:
5401:
5280:
4920:
4699:
4613:
4359:
4349:
4303:
4298:
4293:
3987:
3342:
3096:
3084:
1207:
1186:
1125:
1101:
1093:
1039:, Constantine commissioned the construction of the first Church of
1020:
1004:
957:
930:
910:
was abolished for reasons of Christian piety but was replaced with
879:
871:
866:
797:
397:
327:
309:
265:
245:
125:
87:
83:
400:
was aware of this vision, or reports of it, and refers in his own
6864:
6473:
6453:
6310:
6199:
5438:
5368:
5028:
4992:
3599:
3213:
2835:
1431:
1048:
911:
713:
648:
564:
389:
300:
229:
184:
2549:(Editor) and McGiffert, Rev. Arthur Cushman, Ph.D. (Translator)
1370:
Shapur II, A History of Christianity in Asia: Beginnings to 1500
368:
for the joint occasion of the city's birthday and Constantine's
5680:
4454:
4374:
4241:
3765:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
3208:
3118:
3023:
1284:
1174:
1170:
1097:
1003:) recorded around 340 Alexandrian scribes preparing Bibles for
982:
845:
792:
634:
377:
322:
296:
6406:
5866:
5805:
5762:
5002:
1219:
1215:
740:
542:
490:
365:
208:
149:
2050:
Pagan City and Christian Capital. Rome in the Fourth Century
1661:
Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135
533:, writing 313–315 and around twenty years before Eusebius's
1143:
1070:
727:
666:
188:
2651:
The Future of Theology: Essays in Honor of Jurgen Moltmann
591:
Late Roman sarcophagus with a combined cross and wreathed
62:, encouraged her to convert to the faith he had adopted.
3654:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2308:
The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages 476–752
2295:
The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages 476–752
2282:
The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages 476–752
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
698:
552:
Constantine's dream in a 9th-century Byzantine manuscript
1210:
controversy. Constantine was torn between the Arian and
2245:
Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age
2119:
MacMullan 1984: 141, Note 35 to Chapter V; Theophanes,
2001:
Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age
1971:
Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age
1889:
Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age
1816:
2nd edition (Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2003) p. 60.
1796:
2nd edition (Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2003) p. 61.
1173:; the emperor's role was to enforce doctrine, root out
638:
issued by Constantine at Constantinople in 337, with a
496:'in this sign, conquer' are often rendered in Latin as
178:
persecution of Christians on behalf of the Roman Empire
5620:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
1799:
613:). Armed with this sign, the army took up its weapons.
404:
of 336 to "tricennial crowns" bestowed by the hand of
3685:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
2583:
A History of Christianity in Asia: Beginnings to 1500
2284:(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) pp. 14–15.
1937:
1935:
2065:(New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) pp. 55–56
1218:
from exile and banished Athanasius of Alexandria to
852:
was the first church commissioned by Constantine in
46:
began to transition to the dominant religion of the
2205:
The Word Made Flesh: A History of Christian Thought
1082:'Holy Peace') recalled the Altar of Peace (
1043:in Constantinople, on the site now occupied by the
469:
2758:
2580:
1932:
1027:, these are the earliest extant Christian Bibles.
376:and Trier. The panegyricist recounts that the god
66:most appropriate religion that could fit with the
2527:, Sheed & Ward, rev ed 1949, vol I chapter 6.
2498:(New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) p. 28.
2488:
2310:(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) p. 16.
2297:(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) p. 15.
1945:(New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) p. 55.
1562:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine
1488:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine
1304:
758:Following the battle and the defeat and death of
6892:
3755:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2092:(New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) p. 56
1974:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 192–193.
1892:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–170.
1567:
1019:are examples of these Bibles. Together with the
220:Christians suffered from sporadic and localized
58:'s Christianity in his youth, or, as claimed by
2248:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 251–55.
1711:("On the Deaths of the Persecutors") ch. 35–34.
2539:
2462:Drake, "Constantine and the Bishops", pp. 395.
2388:"The Departure of St. Silvester, Pope of Rome"
2241:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2004:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 94–97.
1997:
1967:
1885:
1645:The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction
743:. Possibly Eusebius's description refers to a
6580:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
6279:
5696:
4019:
2744:
452:The Emblem of Christ Appearing to Constantine
118:persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
2703:Christianizing The Roman Empire A.D. 100–400
2413:"January 2014 – St. Sylvester, Pope of Rome"
2030:("On the Deaths of the Persecutors") ch. 48.
1437:List of rulers who converted to Christianity
989:rather than complete Bibles with the entire
180:was in AD 64, when, as reported by the
4033:
2456:
2392:St. Takla Haymanout Coptic Orthodox Website
2104:
2068:
1422:Bishops of Rome under Constantine the Great
1311:Religious policies of Constantine the Great
734:
411:
341:
271:
144:, and the state church of the Roman Empire
5703:
5689:
4026:
4012:
3770:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
3720:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
2751:
2737:
2471:
1468:Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions
1163:
834:
276:It is possible that Constantine's mother,
1459:
1457:
1355:. Constantine is said to have written to
1317:Christianization of the late Roman empire
965:
336:, with Sol holding a globe and wearing a
205:distinguished between Christians and Jews
1825:
1573:
1521:Constantine and the Conversion of Europe
1482:
1480:
1289:
1158:
942:
924:
888:
844:
628:
586:
555:
547:
446:
380:appeared to Constantine in company with
316:
303:in 313, showing the emperor and the god
291:
168:for his example as a Christian monarch.
29:
5444:Fostering of early experimental science
1580:. Vol. 1. Harper Collins. p.
860:. The present structure is 6th century.
299:gold multiple issued by Constantine at
14:
6901:Constantine the Great and Christianity
6893:
5548:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
2517:
2501:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1454:
1375:
1030:
609:), he marked Christ on their shields (
191:attempted to blame Christians for the
96:State University of New York at Albany
38:During the reign of the Roman emperor
5684:
4007:
2732:
2724:The Full Text of the "Edict of Milan"
2648:
2629:
2494:Gerberding, R. and J. H. Moran Cruz,
2207:. Blackwell Publishing, 2004, p. 70,
1993:
1991:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1832:. Yale University Press. p. 14.
1738:
1663:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999),
1514:
1477:
993:, which were very rare in antiquity.
171:
2484:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2319:Pre-Ecumenical councils include the
2088:R. Gerberding and J. H. Moran Cruz,
2061:R. Gerberding and J. H. Moran Cruz,
1941:R. Gerberding and J. H. Moran Cruz,
1696:. New York: Routledge, 2000. p. 142.
1510:
1508:
1128:, and the Church of Hagios Dynamis (
116:Constantine's decision to cease the
3624:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2571:Eusebius, vita Constantini IV, 8–13
2242:Bardill, Jonathan; Bardill (2012).
2218:
1998:Bardill, Jonathan; Bardill (2012).
1968:Bardill, Jonathan; Bardill (2012).
1886:Bardill, Jonathan; Bardill (2012).
1694:The Story of the Roman Amphitheatre
780:, concluding with the sacrifice to
678:being intersected in the middle by
287:
24:
3179:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2682:
2634:. InterVarsity Press. p. 23.
1988:
1846:
1675:, Oxford University Press (2004),
1673:The Romans: From Village to Empire
1560:; Lenski, "Reign of Constantine" (
951:multiple issued by Constantine at
719:(☧), a monogram of Ancient Greek:
458:(1622). Constantine's army sees a
25:
6932:
2717:
2472:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1505:
803:
739:'anointed', referring to
6875:
6874:
6863:
5991:State church of the Roman Empire
5710:
3986:
3974:
3305:Fourth Council of Constantinople
3260:Second Council of Constantinople
1442:Philip the Arab and Christianity
1206:Nicaea dealt primarily with the
841:State church of the Roman Empire
307:, with Sol also depicted in his
78:. Whether Constantine sincerely
76:state church of the Roman Empire
6911:Ancient Christian controversies
5974:First seven ecumenical councils
3275:Third Council of Constantinople
3199:First Council of Constantinople
2660:
2641:
2623:
2613:
2589:
2574:
2565:
2465:
2447:
2433:
2419:
2405:
2380:
2366:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2262:
2197:
2186:. Alfred A. Knopf, 1997, p. 8.
2176:
2159:
2142:
2126:
2113:
2101:quoted after MacMullan 1984:49.
2095:
2082:
2055:
2042:
2033:
2018:
1961:
1948:
1919:
1906:
1819:
1786:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1699:
6841:Relations with other religions
6247:Church of the East (Nestorian)
6242:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
5407:Separation of church and state
5076:Formal and material principles
5061:Separation of church and state
3514:Dissolution of the monasteries
2780:History of the Catholic Church
2705:, Yale University Press, 1984
1686:
1637:
1624:
1598:
1538:
1305:Suppression of other religions
936:of Constantine crowned by the
340:. Constantine is described as
18:Constantine I and Christianity
13:
1:
6921:Religious views by individual
5071:Hymnody of continental Europe
4222:Apostles in the New Testament
3388:Fourth Council of the Lateran
3363:Second Council of the Lateran
2972:Apostles in the New Testament
2475:"Eusebius of Nicomedia"
1778:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1447:
1365:agree with Caesar, our enemy.
1279:and was the tutor of Emperor
1051:'s victory over Licinius and
818:, as occurred later with the
330:
236:beginning in 303. During the
3502:Catholic Counter-Reformation
3368:Third Council of the Lateran
3358:First Council of the Lateran
2814:Catholic ecumenical councils
2184:A Short History of Byzantium
1349:perennially at war with Rome
1144:
1071:
728:
428:Battle of the Milvian Bridge
418:Battle of the Milvian Bridge
364:collection and delivered at
176:The first recorded official
7:
6548:Views on poverty and wealth
4519:Eastern Orthodox opposition
2581:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992).
2523:"A History of the Church",
1466:(ed.), "Constantine I", in
1410:
1238:which is maintained by the
1110:Church of the Holy Apostles
972:Fifty Bibles of Constantine
264:in the Western Empire, and
10:
6937:
6793:World Evangelical Alliance
6755:Traditionalist Catholicism
4536:Art patronage of Julius II
2848:History of the Roman Curia
1826:Holloway, R. Ross (2004).
1492:Cambridge University Press
1314:
1308:
1297:The Baptism of Constantine
1248:Antiochian Orthodox Church
1133:
1060:
969:
838:
825:traditional Roman religion
720:
491:
470:
415:
124:. In 313, Constantine and
6858:
6808:
6788:World Council of Churches
6763:
6681:
6565:
6556:
6511:
6296:
6280:
6275:Latter Day Saint movement
6260:
6220:
6120:
6101:
6047:
6004:
5949:
5855:
5834:
5793:
5761:
5718:
5628:
5463:
5382:
5311:
5246:
5168:
5099:
5039:Calvinist–Arminian debate
5013:
4780:
4663:
4499:
4390:
4272:
4170:
4059:
4041:
3969:
3869:
3735:
3662:
3597:
3584:European wars of religion
3481:
3416:
3318:
3240:
3131:
3054:
2914:
2903:
2895:Eastern Catholic Churches
2770:
2653:. Eerdmanns. p. 65.
2349:Council of Carthage (311)
2333:Council of Carthage (251)
2167:New Catholic Encyclopedia
2052:(Oxford, 2000) pp. 70–90.
1577:The Story of Christianity
1516:Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin
1494:, 2006), "Introduction".
981:containing the Canonical
563:issued by Constantine at
326:issued by Constantine at
228:was considered an act of
166:Eastern Catholic Churches
80:converted to Christianity
6906:4th-century Christianity
6816:Anti-Christian sentiment
5996:Christian biblical canon
5528:Christian existentialism
3715:Mary of the Divine Heart
3338:Clash against the empire
3290:Second Council of Nicaea
3184:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2545:Eusebius Pamphilius and
2341:Council of Antioch (264)
2329:Council of Ephesus (193)
2027:De Mortibus Persecutorum
1927:In Praise of Constantine
1914:In Praise of Constantine
1708:De Mortibus Persecutorum
1647:, Paulist Press (1995),
1574:Gonzalez, Justo (1984).
1194:, effectively the first
621:De Mortibus Persecutorum
611:Christum in scutis notat
607:summo capite circumflexo
426:'s death in 306 and the
412:Battle of Milvian Bridge
402:Panegyric of Constantine
313:on Constantine's shield.
272:Constantine's conversion
248:, senior emperor of the
162:Oriental Orthodox Church
146:declared by edict in 380
70:. Regardless, under the
6870:Christianity portal
6029:Investiture Controversy
4035:History of Christianity
3981:Vatican City portal
3333:Investiture Controversy
3189:First Council of Nicaea
2361:Council of Neo-Caesarea
1814:The Rise of Christendom
1794:The Rise of Christendom
1632:The Emperor Constantine
1606:"Eusebius of Nicomedia"
1552:, NY 2004), pp. 82–84.
1546:The Emperor Constantine
1472:Encyclopædia Britannica
1389:historians of antiquity
1383:is a term used by some
1260:Serbian Orthodox Church
1256:Russian Orthodox Church
1192:First Council of Nicaea
1164:Enforcement of doctrine
1155:'Holy Power').
938:Tyche of Constantinople
882:, which would be named
856:and burned down in the
835:Patronage of the Church
211:'s modification of the
158:Eastern Orthodox Church
110:The Emperor Constantine
6821:Christian universalism
6212:Western Rite Orthodoxy
6057:Protestant Reformation
5596:Fourth Great Awakening
5483:Second Great Awakening
4722:Fall of Constantinople
4514:Development of primacy
3993:Catholicism portal
3804:Second Vatican Council
3690:Our Lady of La Salette
3497:Protestant Reformation
3484:Protestant Reformation
3403:Second Council of Lyon
2792:Ecclesiastical history
2630:Clapp, Rodney (1996).
2357:Council of Arles (314)
2325:Second Council of Rome
2203:Miles, Margaret Ruth,
2182:Norwich, John Julius,
2139:accessed 20 April 2016
1829:Constantine & Rome
1373:
1353:tolerated Christianity
1324:traditional sacrifices
1301:
1244:Coptic Orthodox Church
1116:, the Church of Saint
1087:
966:Early Christian Bibles
962:
940:
894:
861:
751:inside the loop of an
694:
687:Eusebius of Caesarea,
653:
627:
596:
584:
553:
519:
512:Eusebius of Caesarea,
486:
479:Eusebius of Caesarea,
463:
351:
342:
314:
114:
35:
6479:Anointing of the Sick
5591:Reformed epistemology
5533:Third Great Awakening
5503:Seventh-day Adventist
5424:First Great Awakening
5297:Book of Common Prayer
5091:Protestant work ethic
4634:Independent Catholics
4585:Monastery dissolution
3700:First Vatican Council
3398:First Council of Lyon
3162:Constantine the Great
2858:Christian monasticism
2481:Catholic Encyclopedia
2374:"St. Sylvester, Pope"
2321:Council of Rome (155)
1767:fit for a new empire.
1611:Catholic Encyclopedia
1362:
1293:
1262:, upon by many other
1252:Greek Orthodox Church
1232:Eusebius of Nicomedia
1159:Christian emperorship
1037:Socrates Scholasticus
946:
928:
892:
848:
820:Edict of Thessalonica
791:, for which numerous
671:
632:
598:
590:
559:
551:
504:
465:
450:
320:
295:
148:. He is revered as a
100:
92:Eusebius of Nicomedia
82:or remained loyal to
72:Constantinian dynasty
40:Constantine the Great
33:
6800:Nondenominationalism
6673:Role in civilization
6140:Independent Catholic
6082:Relations with Islam
6062:Catholic Reformation
5414:Edicts of toleration
5223:Three Forms of Unity
4988:Bohemian Reformation
4561:Catholic Reformation
4418:Roman state religion
4237:Council of Jerusalem
3877:Sexual abuse scandal
3786:Mit brennender Sorge
3629:Age of Enlightenment
3408:Bernard of Clairvaux
3285:Byzantine Iconoclasm
3224:Council of Chalcedon
3004:Council of Jerusalem
2873:Role in civilization
2853:Religious institutes
2785:By country or region
2133:Corpus Juris Civilis
2123:a. 322. pp. 108, 117
1742:(18 December 2012).
1544:Hans A. Pohlsander,
1200:Council of Jerusalem
665:(☥) or the Egyptian
603:transversa X littera
440:, Constantine saw a
346:, 'Companion of
60:Eusebius of Caesarea
6846:Unlimited atonement
6831:Cultural Christians
6270:Jehovah's Witnesses
5892:Sermon on the Mount
5821:Christian tradition
5748:Lists of Christians
5586:Liberation theology
5493:Jehovah's Witnesses
5326:Radical Reformation
5054:Resistance theories
4941:Christian mysticism
4936:Early Scholasticism
4648:Ecclesial community
4546:Counter-Reformation
4411:Constantinian shift
3705:Papal infallibility
3695:Our Lady of Lourdes
3644:Shimabara Rebellion
3488:Counter-Reformation
2693:Life of Constantine
2597:"After Constantine"
2306:Richards, Jeffrey.
2293:Richards, Jeffrey.
2280:Richards, Jeffrey.
1643:Wylen, Stephen M.,
1486:Noel Lenski (ed.),
1381:Constantinian shift
1376:Constantinian shift
1281:Julian the Apostate
1031:Church construction
961:with bound captives
789:Arch of Constantine
527:Life of Constantine
499:in hoc signo vinces
462:in the daytime sky.
438:Life of Constantine
424:Constantius Chlorus
406:God in Christianity
358:, preserved in the
343:SOLI INVICTO COMITI
254:edict of toleration
142:ecumenical councils
122:Constantinian shift
42:(306–337 AD),
6691:Crusading movement
5959:Ante-Nicene period
5660:Oriental Orthodoxy
5303:King James Version
5115:Ninety-five Theses
4911:Apostolic Brethren
4685:Church of the East
4680:Oriental Orthodoxy
4526:Crusading movement
4046:Early Christianity
3750:Our Lady of Fátima
3539:Ignatius of Loyola
3463:Catherine of Siena
3431:Pope Boniface VIII
3250:Benedict of Nursia
3219:Council of Ephesus
3056:Ante-Nicene period
3009:Split with Judaism
2843:Crusading movement
2558:2018-04-17 at the
2533:2018-12-23 at the
2337:Council of Iconium
2110:MacMullan 1984:50.
2079:MacMullan 1984:49.
1692:Bomgardner, D. L.
1427:Christian pacifism
1302:
1268:Nestorian Orthodox
1196:ecumenical council
1025:Codex Alexandrinus
963:
941:
895:
862:
661:(⳨), although the
654:
597:
585:
554:
464:
352:
315:
193:Great Fire of Rome
172:Before Constantine
52:early Christianity
36:
6888:
6887:
6854:
6853:
6782:Charta Oecumenica
6292:
6291:
6282:Iglesia ni Cristo
6097:
6096:
6077:French Revolution
6067:Thirty Years' War
5939:Apostolic fathers
5907:Great Commandment
5678:
5677:
5655:Eastern Orthodoxy
5523:Finnish Awakening
5478:Holiness movement
5419:Congregationalism
5378:
5377:
5238:Metrical psalters
4675:Eastern Orthodoxy
4619:Neo-Scholasticism
4326:Canon development
4227:Jewish Christians
4001:
4000:
3961:COVID-19 pandemic
3939:Pope Benedict XVI
3844:Pope John Paul II
3619:Pope Benedict XIV
3605:French Revolution
3589:Thirty Years' War
3579:Robert Bellarmine
3564:John of the Cross
3468:Pope Alexander VI
3453:Council of Vienne
3383:Francis of Assisi
3373:Pope Innocent III
3242:Early Middle Ages
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3174:Arian controversy
3127:
3126:
3075:Apostolic Fathers
2632:A Peculiar People
2353:Council of Ancyra
2345:Council of Elvira
2255:978-0-521-76423-0
2011:978-0-521-76423-0
1981:978-0-521-76423-0
1899:978-0-521-76423-0
1839:978-0-300-10043-3
1755:978-1-118-33884-1
1657:Dunn, James D. G.
1531:978-0-8020-6369-4
1500:978-0-521-81838-4
1272:Oriental Orthodox
1154:
1142:
1081:
1069:
738:
726:
577:Romulus and Remus
571:on the emperor's
454:, as imagined by
388:at the shrine of
361:Panegyrici Latini
238:Great Persecution
108:Hans Pohlsander,
16:(Redirected from
6928:
6916:Christianization
6878:
6877:
6868:
6867:
6711:Environmentalism
6661:Church buildings
6563:
6562:
6378:Eastern Orthodox
6373:Eastern Catholic
6285:
6284:
6252:Eastern Catholic
6230:Eastern Orthodox
6118:
6117:
6039:Age of Discovery
6024:East–West Schism
5922:Great Commission
5853:
5852:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5682:
5681:
5097:
5096:
4484:Non-Chalcedonian
4465:Constantinople I
4257:General epistles
4252:Pauline epistles
4232:Paul the Apostle
4210:Great Commission
4028:
4021:
4014:
4005:
4004:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3956:Patriarch Kirill
3829:Pope John Paul I
3634:Anti-clericalism
3614:Pope Innocent XI
3534:Society of Jesus
3519:Council of Trent
3473:Age of Discovery
3418:Late Middle Ages
3320:High Middle Ages
3310:East–West Schism
3194:Pope Sylvester I
3140:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3039:General epistles
3034:Pauline epistles
2967:John the Baptist
2950:Great Commission
2912:
2911:
2863:Catholic culture
2753:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2699:Ramsay MacMullen
2676:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2543:
2537:
2521:
2515:
2505:
2499:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2269:The Canon Debate
2266:
2260:
2259:
2239:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2165:MacMullen 1969;
2163:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1965:
1959:
1956:Vita Constantini
1952:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1883:
1844:
1843:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1571:
1565:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1512:
1503:
1484:
1475:
1474:, 2006), p. 262.
1461:
1417:Constantinianism
1371:
1264:Eastern Orthodox
1236:Pope Sylvester I
1149:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1120:, the Church of
1076:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1017:Codex Sinaiticus
987:Four Evangelists
823:participated in
811:Edict of Serdica
772:prepared on the
736:
733:
731:
725:romanized:
724:
722:
692:
689:Vita Constantini
625:
517:
514:Vita Constantini
494:
493:
488:The Greek words
484:
481:Vita Constantini
473:
472:
345:
335:
332:
288:Vision of Apollo
112:
21:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6862:
6850:
6804:
6759:
6677:
6558:
6552:
6507:
6432:One true church
6288:
6256:
6216:
6105:
6093:
6043:
6000:
5945:
5872:in Christianity
5858:
5844:
5838:
5830:
5789:
5765:
5757:
5714:
5709:
5679:
5674:
5624:
5611:Christian right
5513:Oxford Movement
5488:Restorationists
5459:
5374:
5307:
5242:
5193:Presbyterianism
5164:
5144:Book of Concord
5095:
5019:
5017:
5009:
4776:
4666:
4659:
4495:
4394:
4386:
4345:Clement of Rome
4275:
4268:
4172:
4166:
4055:
4037:
4032:
4002:
3997:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3965:
3887:World Youth Day
3865:
3854:World Youth Day
3798:Pacem in terris
3792:Pope John XXIII
3731:
3658:
3649:Edict of Nantes
3607:
3603:
3593:
3559:Teresa of Ávila
3554:Tridentine Mass
3490:
3486:
3477:
3458:Knights Templar
3412:
3314:
3270:Gregorian chant
3228:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3123:
3050:
2919:
2907:
2899:
2766:
2764:Catholic Church
2757:
2720:
2685:
2683:Further reading
2680:
2679:
2665:
2661:
2646:
2642:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2560:Wayback Machine
2544:
2540:
2535:Wayback Machine
2522:
2518:
2506:
2502:
2496:Medieval Worlds
2493:
2489:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2288:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2240:
2219:
2202:
2198:
2181:
2177:
2171:Theodosian Code
2164:
2160:
2147:
2143:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2090:Medieval Worlds
2087:
2083:
2078:
2069:
2063:Medieval Worlds
2060:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2023:
2019:
2012:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1943:Medieval Worlds
1940:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1884:
1847:
1840:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1771:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1655:, Pp 190-192.;
1642:
1638:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1572:
1568:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1513:
1506:
1485:
1478:
1462:
1455:
1450:
1413:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1240:Catholic Church
1185:dispute of the
1166:
1161:
1033:
1013:Codex Vaticanus
974:
968:
843:
837:
806:
784:Optimus Maximus
774:Capitoline Hill
693:
686:
626:
617:
518:
511:
485:
478:
420:
414:
333:
290:
274:
214:Fiscus Judaicus
182:Roman historian
174:
113:
107:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6934:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6882:
6872:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6728:
6723:
6721:Fundamentalism
6718:
6716:Existentialism
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6607:God the Father
6604:
6599:
6594:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6571:
6569:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6493:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6427:Body of Christ
6424:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6392:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6302:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6277:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6262:Restorationist
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6226:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6115:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5971:
5966:
5964:Late antiquity
5961:
5955:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5934:Church fathers
5931:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5863:
5861:
5850:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5771:
5769:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5685:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5608:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5576:Pentecostalism
5573:
5571:Jesus movement
5568:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5362:Martyrs Mirror
5358:
5353:
5348:
5346:Martyrs' Synod
5343:
5338:
5336:Swiss Brethren
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5140:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5105:
5103:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5081:Law and Gospel
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:Ottoman Empire
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4505:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4491:Biblical canon
4488:
4487:
4486:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4402:
4400:
4392:Late antiquity
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4340:Church Fathers
4333:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4280:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3983:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3775:Lateran Treaty
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3600:Baroque period
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:Peter Canisius
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:Francis Xavier
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3508:Exsurge Domine
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3448:Pope Clement V
3445:
3444:
3443:
3441:Avignon Papacy
3436:Western Schism
3433:
3428:
3426:Thomas Aquinas
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Saint Boniface
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:Pope Gregory I
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:Biblical canon
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3158:
3156:
3137:
3133:Late antiquity
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:Pope Clement I
3070:Church Fathers
3067:
3061:
3059:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2831:Biblical canon
2826:Catholic Bible
2823:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2718:External links
2716:
2715:
2714:
2696:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2667:Peter Leithart
2659:
2640:
2622:
2612:
2588:
2585:. p. 140.
2573:
2564:
2547:Schaff, Philip
2538:
2516:
2500:
2487:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2432:
2418:
2404:
2379:
2365:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2261:
2254:
2217:
2196:
2175:
2158:
2154:978-1579103071
2141:
2125:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2081:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2032:
2017:
2010:
1987:
1980:
1960:
1947:
1931:
1918:
1905:
1898:
1845:
1838:
1818:
1798:
1785:
1754:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1698:
1685:
1636:
1623:
1597:
1590:
1566:
1537:
1530:
1504:
1476:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1405:Peter Leithart
1377:
1374:
1367:
1351:, had usually
1339:, east of the
1309:Main article:
1306:
1303:
1277:Constantius II
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1145:Hagíos Dynamis
1032:
1029:
1001:Apol. Const. 4
991:Biblical canon
970:Main article:
967:
964:
884:Constantinople
854:Constantinople
836:
833:
816:state religion
805:
804:Edict of Milan
802:
684:
615:
583:on his shield.
523:Church History
509:
476:
416:Main article:
413:
410:
390:Apollo Grannus
334: 309–310
289:
286:
282:Edict of Milan
273:
270:
173:
170:
164:, and various
130:Edict of Milan
105:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6933:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
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6898:
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6881:
6873:
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6857:
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6807:
6801:
6798:
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6789:
6786:
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6779:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6768:
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6762:
6756:
6753:
6751:
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6729:
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6724:
6722:
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6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6656:Popular piety
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6555:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6437:People of God
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6283:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6104:
6103:Denominations
6100:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6072:Enlightenment
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5842:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5785:New Testament
5783:
5781:
5780:Old Testament
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5706:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:Protestantism
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5538:Azusa Revival
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5518:Laestadianism
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5455:Old Lutherans
5452:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:Diet of Worms
5119:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5021:Protestantism
5016:
5012:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4772:North America
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4382:Early African
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Justin Martyr
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:Life of Jesus
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:Apostolic Age
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4006:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Mother Teresa
3832:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Pope Pius XII
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3726:Rerum novarum
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Pope Leo XIII
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3680:United States
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Pope Pius VII
3668:
3667:
3665:
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3409:
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3404:
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3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Scholasticism
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Pope Urban II
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
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3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Justin Martyr
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
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3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:New Testament
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Commissioning
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
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2960:
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2941:
2938:
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2933:
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2928:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:Apostolic Age
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
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2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:Papal primacy
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
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2773:
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2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2712:
2711:0-300-03642-6
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
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2674:
2673:
2668:
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2656:
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2602:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:Philip Hughes
2520:
2514:
2513:0-300-03642-6
2510:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2468:
2459:
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2442:
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2326:
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2316:
2309:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2213:1-4051-0846-0
2210:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2192:0-679-77269-3
2189:
2185:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2048:J.R. Curran,
2045:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1812:Peter Brown,
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1792:Peter Brown,
1789:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1681:0-19-511875-8
1678:
1674:
1670:
1669:0-8028-4498-7
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:0-8091-3610-4
1650:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1591:0-060-63315-8
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1558:0-415-31938-2
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:Wendy Doniger
1460:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:John H. Yoder
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1328:Roman temples
1325:
1318:
1312:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:North African
1178:
1176:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:Άγιος Δύναμις
1131:
1130:Ancient Greek
1127:
1123:
1122:Saint Michael
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:and to Saint
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1058:
1057:Ancient Greek
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:According to
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
960:
959:
954:
950:
945:
939:
935:
932:
927:
923:
919:
917:
913:
909:
903:
901:
891:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
832:
830:
826:
821:
817:
812:
801:
799:
794:
790:
786:
785:
779:
778:Roman triumph
775:
771:
767:
766:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
730:
718:
717:
711:
707:
706:
701:
700:
690:
683:
681:
677:
670:
668:
664:
660:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
636:
631:
623:
622:
614:
612:
608:
604:
594:
589:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:in 315, with
566:
562:
558:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
515:
508:
503:
501:
500:
495:
492:Ἐν Τούτῳ Νίκα
482:
475:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
434:
429:
425:
419:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Grand, Vosges
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:quinquennalia
367:
363:
362:
357:
349:
344:
339:
338:radiant crown
329:
325:
324:
319:
312:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
285:
283:
279:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:imperial cult
223:
218:
216:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
111:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:imperial cult
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
6780:
6575:Architecture
6469:Confirmation
6417:Ecclesiology
6348:Original sin
6338:Nicene Creed
6135:Old Catholic
6019:Papal States
5968:
5951:Great Church
5917:Resurrection
5859:Christianity
5816:New Covenant
5767:(Scriptures)
5712:Christianity
5581:Charismatics
5564:
5543:Gospel music
5473:Camp meeting
5465:1789–present
5397:Missionaries
5367:
5360:
5351:Menno Simons
5295:
5291:Church music
5142:
5113:
4998:Conciliarism
4983:Papal Schism
4825:Scandinavian
4717:Great Schism
4695:Nestorianism
4667:Christianity
4599:priest holes
4480:Chalcedonian
4443:Christianity
4405:
4397:Great Church
4205:Resurrection
3948:
3944:Pope Francis
3870:21st century
3819:Pope Paul VI
3796:
3784:
3737:20th century
3724:
3675:Pope Pius IX
3663:19th century
3639:Pope Pius VI
3506:
3378:Latin Empire
3348:Universities
3300:Pope Leo III
3167:Christianity
3166:
3152:state church
3144:Great Church
2945:Resurrection
2908:(30–325/476)
2905:Early Church
2890:Latin Church
2885:Papal States
2880:Vatican City
2702:
2692:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2567:
2551:
2541:
2519:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2479:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2435:
2421:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2368:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2244:
2204:
2199:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2144:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2024:Lactantius,
2020:
2000:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1888:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1793:
1788:
1765:
1759:. Retrieved
1744:
1740:Brown, Peter
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1705:Lactantius,
1701:
1693:
1688:
1672:
1660:
1644:
1639:
1634:, pp. 78–79.
1631:
1630:Pohlsander,
1626:
1615:. Retrieved
1609:
1600:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1545:
1540:
1520:
1487:
1467:
1379:
1363:
1334:
1332:
1320:
1295:
1224:
1205:
1198:(unless the
1179:
1167:
1072:Hagía Eirḗnē
1034:
1000:
995:
979:gospel books
975:
956:
953:Thessaloniki
929:4th-century
920:
916:Sol Invictus
904:
896:
863:
850:Hagia Eirene
809:the earlier
807:
783:
763:
757:
752:
748:
744:
715:
703:
697:
695:
688:
679:
675:
672:
662:
655:
647:
643:
639:
633:
619:
618:Lactantius,
610:
606:
602:
599:
592:
568:
539:Ponte Milvio
534:
526:
522:
521:Writing his
520:
513:
505:
497:
489:
487:
480:
466:
459:
451:
437:
431:
421:
401:
359:
353:
348:Sol Invictus
347:
321:
308:
275:
252:, issued an
242:gladiatorial
222:persecutions
219:
212:
175:
115:
109:
101:
64:
48:Roman Empire
44:Christianity
37:
6836:Persecution
6771:Christendom
6764:Cooperation
6701:Charismatic
6612:Holy Spirit
6521:Natural law
6484:Holy orders
6333:Christology
6326:Holy Spirit
6195:Pentecostal
6175:Evangelical
6170:Charismatic
6014:Monasticism
6006:Middle Ages
5969:Constantine
5912:Crucifixion
5794:Foundations
5670:Catholicism
5607:Protestants
5601:Evangelical
5276:39 Articles
5271:Elizabethan
5248:Anglicanism
5228:Westminster
5138:Melanchthon
5101:Lutheranism
5066:Nicodemites
5044:Arminianism
5015:Reformation
4956:Bonaventure
4931:Inquisition
4926:Waldensians
4876:Investiture
4854:Kievan Rus'
4810:Anglo-Saxon
4790:Pelagianism
4782:Middle Ages
4705:Iconodulism
4580:Thomas More
4501:Catholicism
4423:Monasticism
4406:Constantine
4331:Persecution
4289:Adoptionism
4274:Ante-Nicene
4217:Holy Spirit
4200:Crucifixion
4171:Origins and
4072:2nd and 3rd
3950:Laudato si'
3745:Pope Pius X
3574:Philip Neri
3549:Pope Pius V
3524:Thomas More
3393:Inquisition
3295:Charlemagne
3255:Monasticism
3065:Persecution
2957:Holy Spirit
2940:Crucifixion
2819:First seven
1399:theologian
1393:4th-century
1385:theologians
1333:Beyond the
1212:Trinitarian
1118:Agathonicus
1114:Saint Menas
1092:) built by
1061:Ἁγία Εἰρήνη
1053:Licinius II
1041:Hagia Irene
1011:, and that
1009:canon lists
908:Crucifixion
663:crux ansata
541:across the
258:Constantine
154:isapostolos
138:Christendom
128:issued the
6895:Categories
6750:Prosperity
6726:Liberation
6666:Cathedrals
6651:Pilgrimage
6636:Literature
6513:Philosophy
6449:Sacraments
6422:Four marks
6383:Protestant
6358:Born again
6155:Anabaptist
6145:Protestant
6087:Influences
6049:Modern era
5753:By country
5392:Revivalism
5313:Anabaptism
5261:Henry VIII
5086:Literature
4710:Iconoclasm
4690:Chrysostom
4643:Vatican II
4609:Jansenists
4595:Mass rocks
4531:Lateran IV
4450:Athanasius
4370:Tertullian
4314:Marcionism
4309:Gnosticism
4262:Revelation
4180:Background
3823:coronation
3529:Pope Leo X
3114:Tertullian
3044:Revelation
3019:Background
2606:2017-07-11
2601:gnosis.org
1954:Eusebius,
1925:Eusebius,
1912:Eusebius,
1761:2012-08-08
1617:2018-12-18
1448:References
1315:See also:
1294:Raphael's
1227:catechumen
1124:at nearby
997:Athanasius
900:Theophanes
858:Nika riots
839:See also:
691:, 1.31.1–2
659:staurogram
531:Lactantius
471:τούτῳ νίκα
386:incubation
234:Diocletian
187:, Emperor
6826:Criticism
6776:Ecumenism
6740:Mysticism
6706:Democracy
6696:Anarchism
6683:Movements
6646:Mythology
6624:Catechism
6619:Education
6536:Evolution
6459:Eucharist
6442:Canon law
6400:Theotokos
6395:Mariology
6353:Salvation
6343:Tradition
6190:Methodist
6150:Adventist
5984:Chalcedon
5558:Ecumenism
5508:Adventism
5498:Mormonism
5434:Millerism
5429:Methodism
5384:1640–1789
5286:Civil War
5233:Orthodoxy
5188:Huguenots
5170:Calvinism
5155:Eucharist
5150:Orthodoxy
5034:Eucharist
4966:Five Ways
4916:Dulcinian
4869:Pomerania
4795:Gregory I
4639:Vatican I
4629:Modernism
4614:Molinists
4604:Guadalupe
4475:Chalcedon
4470:Ephesus I
4460:Augustine
4336:Apostolic
4319:Montanism
4284:Diversity
4060:Centuries
3839:Communism
3809:Ecumenism
3155:(380–451)
3147:(180–451)
3136:(313–476)
3058:(100–325)
2675:, p. 287.
1774:cite book
1683:, p. 426.
1564:), p. 82.
1550:Routledge
1518:(1978) .
1397:Mennonite
1357:Shapur II
1341:Euphrates
1139:romanized
1089:ara pacis
1066:romanized
1045:Justinian
876:Byzantium
867:basilicas
760:Maxentius
712:d as the
561:Medallion
374:Marseille
356:panegyric
354:In 310 a
250:Tetrarchy
207:prior to
134:orthodoxy
6880:Category
6745:Pacifism
6559:features
6543:Politics
6496:Ablution
6464:Marriage
6368:Catholic
6298:Theology
6205:Reformed
6185:Lutheran
6180:Holiness
6160:Anglican
6130:Catholic
6034:Crusades
5979:Nicaea I
5929:Apostles
5902:Miracles
5897:Parables
5887:Ministry
5877:Nativity
5841:timeline
5738:Prophets
5733:Glossary
5650:Theology
5638:Missions
5633:Timeline
5605:Mainline
5553:Pacifism
5402:Baptists
5321:Theology
5281:Puritans
5256:Timeline
5198:Scotland
5126:Theology
4973:Wycliffe
4921:Crusades
4896:Bogomils
4849:Bulgaria
4805:Germanic
4757:Ethiopia
4655:Timeline
4433:Nicaea I
4428:Councils
4360:Irenaeus
4355:Ignatius
4350:Polycarp
4304:Donatism
4299:Docetism
4294:Arianism
4195:Ministry
3849:HIV/AIDS
3343:Crusades
3097:Irenaeus
3090:Ignatius
3085:Polycarp
2935:Ministry
2923:(30–100)
2797:Timeline
2689:Eusebius
2647:e.g. in
2556:Archived
2531:Archived
2359:and the
2169:, 1908;
1411:See also
1368:—
1347:rulers,
1345:Sasanian
1187:Donatist
1126:Anaplous
1094:Augustus
1021:Peshitta
1005:Constans
958:tropaion
947:Gold 1½
931:sardonyx
880:Bosporos
872:New Rome
798:Hercules
782:Jupiter
770:the gods
765:adventus
729:khrīstós
710:ligature
702:(Ρ) and
685:—
624:, 44.5–6
616:—
579:and the
510:—
483:, 1.28.2
477:—
433:augustus
398:Eusebius
382:Victoria
328:Lugdunum
310:quadriga
266:Licinius
246:Galerius
126:Licinius
106:—
84:paganism
6809:Related
6602:Trinity
6567:Culture
6531:Science
6501:Hygiene
6491:Mission
6474:Penance
6454:Baptism
6390:Worship
6363:Liturgy
6311:Trinity
6222:Eastern
6200:Quakers
6165:Baptist
6122:Western
6112:members
5882:Baptism
5836:History
5826:Worship
5728:Outline
5643:Martyrs
5439:Pietism
5369:Ausbund
5341:Müntzer
5266:Cranmer
5213:Baptism
5178:Zwingli
5029:Erasmus
4978:Avignon
4961:Aquinas
4951:Francis
4946:Dominic
4906:Cathars
4901:Bosnian
4891:Bernard
4886:Abelard
4859:Moravia
4844:Bohemia
4830:Iceland
4752:Serbian
4732:Georgia
4727:Armenia
4665:Eastern
4566:Jesuits
4242:Gospels
4190:Baptism
3814:Judaism
3214:Vulgate
3024:Gospels
2999:Stephen
2916:Origins
2836:Vulgate
2772:General
2762:of the
2760:History
2620:xxxiii.
2397:24 June
2135:3.12.2
1432:Labarum
1171:bishops
1153:
1141::
1106:Severan
1102:Acacius
1080:
1068::
1049:Crispus
985:of the
983:Gospels
949:solidus
912:hanging
878:on the
793:reliefs
737:
721:χριστός
649:labarum
593:chi-rho
569:chi-rho
565:Ticinum
460:chi-rho
301:Ticinum
230:treason
185:Tacitus
156:in the
103:Empire.
90:bishop
6526:Ethics
6407:Saints
6316:Father
6235:Church
5847:spread
5811:Gospel
5801:Church
5743:People
5331:Grebel
5183:Calvin
5109:Luther
5003:Synods
4881:Anselm
4864:Poland
4820:Gothic
4815:Franks
4800:Celtic
4767:Russia
4747:Syriac
4737:Greece
4624:Teresa
4571:Xavier
4509:Papacy
4455:Jerome
4375:Origen
4276:period
4051:Spread
3780:Nazism
3602:to the
3209:Jerome
3119:Origen
2802:Papacy
2709:
2511:
2252:
2211:
2190:
2152:
2121:Chron.
2008:
1978:
1958:, 4.21
1929:, 10.7
1896:
1836:
1752:
1679:
1667:
1651:
1588:
1556:
1528:
1498:
1343:, the
1285:Valens
1270:, and
1258:, the
1254:, the
1250:, the
1246:, the
1242:, the
1234:or by
1175:heresy
1098:Mocius
716:hi rho
635:Follis
516:, 1.29
507:enemy.
456:Rubens
442:vision
378:Apollo
323:Follis
297:Jugate
278:Helena
262:caesar
56:Helena
6735:Right
6641:Music
6592:Jesus
6557:Other
6412:Angel
5867:Jesus
5857:Early
5806:Creed
5775:Canon
5763:Bible
5723:Index
5565:solae
5563:Five
5356:Smyth
5208:TULIP
5131:Bible
4839:Slavs
4742:Egypt
4700:Icons
4551:Trent
4541:Leo X
4438:Creed
3882:Islam
3150:Roman
3109:Canon
2982:Peter
2930:Jesus
2355:314,
2347:306,
2339:258,
2327:193,
1916:, 6.1
1336:limes
1220:Trier
1216:Arius
1208:Arian
1084:Latin
934:cameo
874:, at
829:Coins
741:Jesus
646:on a
573:crest
543:Tiber
366:Trier
350:'
209:Nerva
197:Peter
150:saint
88:Arian
6731:Left
6631:Flag
6597:Mary
6108:list
5615:left
5613:and
5603:and
5453:and
5451:Neo-
5218:Dort
5203:Knox
5049:Wars
4641:and
4597:and
4590:Wars
4247:Acts
4162:21st
4157:20th
4152:19th
4147:18th
4142:17th
4137:16th
4132:15th
4127:14th
4122:13th
4117:12th
4112:11th
4107:10th
3932:2023
3927:2019
3922:2016
3917:2013
3912:2011
3907:2008
3902:2005
3897:2002
3892:2000
3859:1995
3029:Acts
2992:Paul
2987:John
2962:Mary
2707:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2399:2022
2363:315.
2250:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1780:link
1750:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1665:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1387:and
1151:lit.
1078:lit.
1023:and
1015:and
753:ankh
735:lit.
708:(Χ)
667:ankh
581:Lupa
575:and
535:Life
201:Paul
199:and
189:Nero
152:and
6587:Art
6321:Son
6306:God
5160:Art
5018:and
4993:Hus
4556:Art
4102:9th
4097:8th
4092:7th
4087:6th
4082:5th
4077:4th
4067:1st
2918:and
2868:Art
1582:176
749:rho
745:chi
705:chi
699:rho
680:chi
676:rho
644:rho
640:chi
392:in
305:Sol
6897::
6110:,
4482:/
4338:/
2701:,
2691:,
2669:,
2599:.
2478:.
2390:.
2351:,
2343:,
2335:,
2331:,
2323:,
2220:^
2070:^
1990:^
1934:^
1848:^
1801:^
1776:}}
1772:{{
1764:.
1659:,
1608:.
1584:.
1507:^
1479:^
1456:^
1330:.
1287:.
1266:,
1222:.
1148:,
1136:,
1132::
1086::
1075:,
1063:,
1059::
800:.
755:.
732:,
723:,
605:,
396:.
331:c.
260:,
160:,
140:,
136:,
6733:/
6114:)
6106:(
5849:)
5845:(
5843:)
5839:(
5704:e
5697:t
5690:v
4399:)
4395:(
4027:e
4020:t
4013:v
3825:)
3821:(
2752:e
2745:t
2738:v
2713:,
2609:.
2443:.
2429:.
2415:.
2401:.
2376:.
2258:.
2215:.
2194:.
2173:.
2156:.
2014:.
1984:.
1902:.
1842:.
1782:)
1620:.
1594:.
1548:(
1534:.
1502:.
1490:(
1470:(
1300:.
999:(
747:-
714:c
652:.
642:-
601:(
595:.
468:(
20:)
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