420:
507:
1542:
216:
471:, which he charges with a thematically severely limited, weighed down by a narrow conception of art and imposing strictures governing poetic form and content, negatively influencing Catalan poetry by exporting occitanisms (until Italian trends wafted over the western Mediterranean sea routes to rejuvenate it), and sustaining an outmoded literary language. He compares it to
185:
over the evolving dialects of the fourteenth century, the
Consistori went a long way to preserving the troubadours' memory for posterity as well as bequeathing to later scholarship an encyclopaedic terminology for the analysis and historiography of Occitan lyric poetry. Chaytor believed that the
316:. From this period of 160 years survive the record of around a hundred prizes. During that century and a half, the Consistori saw participants from both south of the Pyrenees and north of Occitania, both men and women. In an unknown year, possibly 1385, an anonymous Catalan woman submitted a
439:, who wrote much on such themes. The Toulousains lacked originality and for that reason their accomplishments have been undervalued by later generations. Their isolation and their classicism cut them off from the literary movements giving life to other vernaculars, such as the
789:
E per tal que miels s'alezer / Cascús en far obra plazen, / Dizem que, per dreyt jutjamen, / A cel que la farà plus neta / Donarem una violeta / De fin aur, en senhal d'onor, / No regardan pretz ni valor, / Estamen ni condició / De senhor ni de companhó, / Mas sol maniera de
166:
verse, pledging to award prizes to poetry in the troubadouresque style and emulating the language of classical period of the troubadours (roughly 1160–1220). The academy was originally called the
20:
341:
was completed between 1328 and 1337. It went through two subsequent redactions. Several other grammatical treatises and glosses were produced by poets associated with the
Consistori.
593:
427:
The
Consistori, in its nostalgic attempt to preserve what had gone out of style, is often credited with fostering a monotonous form of poetry devoid of vibrance and feeling.
529:
313:
331:
It was in order to judge these contests that the
Consistori first commissioned an Occitan grammar, including the laws of poetry, be written up. The first compiler was
565:
645:
553:
657:
345:
599:
559:
822:
E per sirventés atressí, / E pastorelas e vergieras, / Et autras d'aquestas manieras, / A cel que la farà plus fina / Donam d'argen flor d'ayglentina
675:
611:
431:, with some adulterous and extramarital connotations, was a rarer theme with troubadours associated with Toulouse than religious themes, especially
253:
judged the best. The other prizes, awarded for particular poetic forms, were similarly floral, leading later scholars to label the competitions the
681:
1362:
1123:
1027:
353:: notwithstanding that he was French, because he composed in the language of Toulouse. In 1513 the Consistori was transformed into the
1576:
1586:
1571:
1566:
1062:
1422:
472:
66:("Academy of the Floral Games"), it is the most ancient literary institution of the Western world. It was founded in 1323 in
806:
E per mays creysher lo deport / D'aquesta festa, dam per dansa / Am gay so, per dar alegransa, / Una flor de gaug d'argen fi
516:
435:. Even on religious themes, however, their work lacks the "force" of the last troubadours of the thirteenth century, like
1132:
1307:
535:
299:
950:
419:
1116:
755:, p. 198, does likewise, making the Consistori the committee which appointed the chancellor and maintainers.
1492:
997:
Fraser, Veronica (1993). "The
Influence of the Venerable Bede on the Fourteenth-Century Occitan Treatise".
1029:
Histoire critique des jeux floraux depuis leur origine jusqu'à leur transformation en Académie (1323-1694)
179:("Overjoyed Company of the seven troubadours of Toulouse"). In its efforts to promote an extinct literary
1058:
571:
511:
1109:
123:
1477:
1407:
1591:
235:
The
Consistori held an annual poetry contest at which one contestant, the "most excellent poet" (
204:
378:
1581:
1327:
1182:
1152:
1437:
1367:
1357:
229:
143:
97:
1482:
1312:
1302:
1177:
521:
374:
436:
8:
1217:
1172:
837:
For a full list of laureates (1324–1694) with the flowers awarded and winning works, see
541:
483:
398:
344:
By 1471 the
Consistori was losing its Occitan character. It awarded the golden violet to
203:, one of the earliest Renaissance humanists to sit on a European throne, established the
577:
1497:
1452:
1392:
1332:
1018:
1014:
623:
506:
476:
328:(lament) is that of a faithful woman for her lover, who has been absent several years.
312:. The contests were held intermittently until 1484, when the last prize was awarded to
1045:
Paden, William D. (1995). "The
Troubadours and the Albigensian Crusade: A Long View".
464:
219:
71:
1447:
1342:
1337:
1287:
1277:
946:
364:
181:
1517:
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1427:
1402:
1006:
663:
583:
547:
458:
450:
332:
200:
81:
43:
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359:: the College of French Rhetoric and Poetry. In 1554 the College awarded a silver
1502:
1487:
1257:
1207:
1167:
940:
714:
651:
488:
441:
135:
942:
The Origin and
Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship
454:
1522:
1387:
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1317:
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337:
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1432:
1227:
1222:
1197:
968:
127:
89:
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186:
Consistori "arose out of informal meetings of poets held in earlier years".
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85:
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423:
Toulouse France Silver Medal, 1819. Clémence Isaure, 1450–1500 (obverse).
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n'ostan qu'el fos Francés, per so que dictec e·l lengatge de
Tholosa
1417:
1382:
382:
368:
354:
131:
67:
48:
47:; "Consistory of the Gay Science") was a poetic academy founded at
215:
88:
in the form of different flowers, made of gold or silver, such as
1527:
1352:
1322:
119:
108:. The Consistori eventually became gallicised. It was renewed by
1541:
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1136:
105:
1292:
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323:
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887:(a tone and force) that the Toulousains lack (Riquer, 523).
1093:
Une fiche sur la naissance des Jeux floraux le 3 mai 1324.
701:
The consistory goes by many names in different languages.
1087:
746:
391:(floral games). In 1694 the Consistori was reborn as the
75:
32:
741:, p. 52, who seems also to distinguish between the
154:
The Consistori was founded by seven literary men of the
367:, the greatest French poet of his generation, for his
176:
Sobregaya Companhia dels Set (VII) Trobadors de Tolosa
492:, 1882. It is the namesake of the Italian folk group
989:
Les Deux Siècles de l'Académie des Jeux floraux I–II
745:
of seven troubadours and an apparently pre-existing
84:poetry. The best verses were given prizes at the
1558:
999:Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric
222:(Clemença Issaura), imaginary patroness of the
1117:
672:(the most brilliant spirit) of the Consistori
356:Collège de rhétorique et de poésie françaises
298:The first prize was awarded on 3 May 1324 to
1005:(1). University of California Press: 51–61.
985:
667:
406:
392:
386:
322:to the seven maintainers for judgement. The
113:
945:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
636:, submitted a figured verse for competition
173:("Consistory of the Seven Troubadours") or
1124:
1110:
501:
1067:. Vol. 1. Barcelona: Edicions Ariel
922:Histoire de l' Académie des Jeux floraux
586:, first chancellor, wrote up the rules (
505:
418:
214:
207:in imitation of the Toulousain academy.
18:
966:
752:
726:
414:
271:(a fine silver marigold), and the best
1559:
1057:
996:
850:
776:
738:
23:An initial from the first page of the
1131:
1105:
1044:
1025:
938:
862:
838:
764:
626:, completed the final version of the
596:, won the eglantine and was "crowned"
51:in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the
42:
898:tiranitzar pels monòtons alexandrins
874:Riquer makes this criticism, p. 523.
654:, collaborator with Raimon de Cornet
517:Reines de France et Femmes illustres
118:has had such prestigious members as
112:in 1694 and still exists today. The
550:, lost a debate with Rovira in 1386
475:and its "tyranny of the monotonous
385:the academy bestowed on him at the
13:
1064:Història de la Literatura Catalana
608:, won a debate with Palaol in 1386
562:, "crowned" winner in unknown year
556:, "crowned" winner in unknown year
14:
1603:
1081:
970:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
602:, "sealed" winner in unknown year
189:The Consistori was governed by a
44:[kunsisˈtɔɾiðelˈɣajsaˈβe]
1577:1513 disestablishments in France
1540:
247:(golden violet) for the poem or
1587:Organizations based in Toulouse
931:
924:(Toulouse, 1764), p. 4, French.
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877:
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856:
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831:
660:, collaborator with Peire Duran
614:, "crowned" winner unknown year
536:Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari
300:Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari
53:lyric poetry of the troubadours
1572:1320s establishments in France
914:
815:
799:
782:
770:
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732:
720:
705:is an alternate Occitan name;
695:
170:Consistori dels Sept Trobadors
1:
1567:1323 establishments in Europe
907:
703:Consistori de la Gaya Sciensa
684:, maintainer in 1355 and 1386
678:, won the "joia" unknown year
642:, participant in unknown year
580:, maintainer in 1355 and 1386
574:, won the "joia" unknown year
510:Statue of Clémence Isaure by
210:
149:
80:with the goal of encouraging
973:. London: Methuen Publishing
967:Chaytor, Henry John (1933).
594:Guillem Bossatz d'Aorlayachs
7:
1026:Gélis, François de (1912).
709:an alternate spelling; and
381:received his name from the
10:
1608:
530:Arnaut Bernart de Tarascon
482:It is the inspiration for
467:is highly critical of the
314:Arnaut Bernart de Tarascon
60:Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals
1536:
1478:San Francisco Renaissance
1143:
669:l'esprit le plus brillant
568:, "crowned" winner thrice
411:. It still exists today.
394:Académie des Jeux Floraux
292:flor d'ayglentina d'argen
115:Académie des Jeux Floraux
76:
64:Académie des Jeux Floraux
33:
1032:(in French). p. 285
748:Consistori del Gay Saber
688:
648:, won the violet in 1373
620:, won the violet c. 1360
538:, won the violet in 1324
532:, won the violet in 1484
512:Antoine-Augustin Préault
469:escòla poetica de Tolosa
405:received a prize at the
77:Consistori del Gay Saber
34:Consistori del Gay Saber
1019:10.1525/rh.1993.11.1.51
1011:10.1525/rh.1993.11.1.51
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268:flor de gaug d'argen fi
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205:Consistori de Barcelona
199:(maintainers). In 1390
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1308:Generation of the '30s
1183:British Poetry Revival
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668:
566:Bertran de Sant Roscha
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502:Associated troubadours
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238:plus excellen Dictador
232:
114:
70:and later restored by
27:
1358:Informationist poetry
986:Duboul, Axel (1901).
939:Boase, Roger (1977).
646:Peire Duran de Limoux
509:
422:
295:(a silver dog rose).
265:earned its creator a
241:), would receive the
230:Jules Joseph Lefebvre
218:
22:
1483:Scottish Renaissance
1178:Black Mountain poets
522:Jardin du Luxembourg
473:French neoclassicism
415:Character and legacy
193:and seven judges or
1423:New American Poetry
1173:Black Arts Movement
1153:Akhmatova's Orphans
743:Sobregaya Companhia
713:is consistent with
542:Bernart de Panassac
484:Friedrich Nietzsche
363:to none other than
1498:Southern Agrarians
1393:Metaphysical poets
1333:Harlem Renaissance
715:modern orthography
624:Joan de Castellnou
572:Gaston III of Foix
554:Bertran del Falgar
526:
425:
233:
58:Also known as the
28:
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1553:
1547:Poetry portal
1343:Hungry generation
1338:Harvard Aesthetes
1313:Generation of '98
1303:Generation of '27
1278:The poets of Elan
1047:Romance Philology
885:un to i una força
658:Peire de Monlasur
544:, founding member
437:Cerverí de Girona
379:Fabre d'Églantine
365:Pierre de Ronsard
346:Peire de Janilhac
308:in praise of the
158:, who composed a
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1428:New Apocalyptics
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900:" (Riquer, 532).
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560:Bertran de Payna
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453:and the work of
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465:Martí de Riquer
442:dolce stil novo
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220:Clémence Isaure
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72:Clémence Isaure
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1273:Ego-Futurism
1263:Dymock poets
1238:Cyclic Poets
1233:Culteranismo
1069:. Retrieved
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1508:Sung poetry
1493:Sons of Ben
1418:Neotericism
1398:Misty Poets
1363:İkinci Yeni
1213:Conceptismo
1188:Cairo poets
1163:Auden Group
1097:(in French)
851:Riquer 1964
777:Riquer 1964
739:Fraser 1993
630:around 1355
477:alexandrine
447:Renaissance
403:Victor Hugo
338:Leys d'amor
310:Virgin Mary
289:garnered a
259:. The best
196:mantenedors
164:Old Occitan
156:bourgeoisie
140:Victor Hugo
25:Leys d'amor
1561:Categories
1513:Surrealism
1468:Précieuses
1463:La Pléiade
1373:Lake Poets
1248:Deep image
1203:Chhayavaad
908:References
863:Paden 1995
839:Gélis 1912
765:Boase 1977
711:consistòri
640:Luys Ycart
211:Activities
191:chancellor
150:Foundation
1518:Symbolism
1413:Négritude
1348:Imaginism
1328:The Group
1298:Gay Saber
1288:Fugitives
1268:Ecopoetry
1168:The Beats
666:, called
495:Gai Saber
401:. Later,
399:Louis XIV
305:sirventes
280:pastorèla
274:sirventés
160:manifesto
124:Marmontel
110:Louis XIV
102:amaranths
98:marigolds
94:rose hips
1383:Marinism
1223:Créolité
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445:and the
383:dog rose
335:, whose
286:vergièra
132:Voltaire
68:Toulouse
49:Toulouse
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1528:Zutiste
1353:Imagism
1323:Goliard
1148:Acmeism
1133:Schools
1088:website
514:in the
459:Catalan
451:Italian
120:Ronsard
90:violets
82:Occitan
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1453:Others
1443:Oberiu
1137:poetry
1071:8 June
1036:8 June
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790:trobar
433:Marian
370:Amours
302:for a
106:lilies
1293:Garip
1283:Flarf
1015:JSTOR
824:, in
808:, in
792:, in
689:Notes
325:planh
319:planh
262:dança
250:cançó
228:, by
182:koiné
162:, in
1243:Dada
1073:2015
1038:2015
979:2015
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