431:
518:
1553:
227:
482:, which he charges with a thematically severely limited, weighed down by a narrow conception of art and imposing strictures governing poetic form and content, negatively influencing Catalan poetry by exporting occitanisms (until Italian trends wafted over the western Mediterranean sea routes to rejuvenate it), and sustaining an outmoded literary language. He compares it to
196:
over the evolving dialects of the fourteenth century, the
Consistori went a long way to preserving the troubadours' memory for posterity as well as bequeathing to later scholarship an encyclopaedic terminology for the analysis and historiography of Occitan lyric poetry. Chaytor believed that the
327:. From this period of 160 years survive the record of around a hundred prizes. During that century and a half, the Consistori saw participants from both south of the Pyrenees and north of Occitania, both men and women. In an unknown year, possibly 1385, an anonymous Catalan woman submitted a
450:, who wrote much on such themes. The Toulousains lacked originality and for that reason their accomplishments have been undervalued by later generations. Their isolation and their classicism cut them off from the literary movements giving life to other vernaculars, such as the
800:
E per tal que miels s'alezer / Cascús en far obra plazen, / Dizem que, per dreyt jutjamen, / A cel que la farà plus neta / Donarem una violeta / De fin aur, en senhal d'onor, / No regardan pretz ni valor, / Estamen ni condició / De senhor ni de companhó, / Mas sol maniera de
177:
verse, pledging to award prizes to poetry in the troubadouresque style and emulating the language of classical period of the troubadours (roughly 1160–1220). The academy was originally called the
31:
352:
was completed between 1328 and 1337. It went through two subsequent redactions. Several other grammatical treatises and glosses were produced by poets associated with the
Consistori.
17:
604:
438:
The
Consistori, in its nostalgic attempt to preserve what had gone out of style, is often credited with fostering a monotonous form of poetry devoid of vibrance and feeling.
540:
324:
342:
It was in order to judge these contests that the
Consistori first commissioned an Occitan grammar, including the laws of poetry, be written up. The first compiler was
576:
656:
564:
668:
356:
610:
570:
833:
E per sirventés atressí, / E pastorelas e vergieras, / Et autras d'aquestas manieras, / A cel que la farà plus fina / Donam d'argen flor d'ayglentina
686:
622:
442:, with some adulterous and extramarital connotations, was a rarer theme with troubadours associated with Toulouse than religious themes, especially
264:
judged the best. The other prizes, awarded for particular poetic forms, were similarly floral, leading later scholars to label the competitions the
692:
1373:
1134:
1038:
364:: notwithstanding that he was French, because he composed in the language of Toulouse. In 1513 the Consistori was transformed into the
1587:
1597:
1582:
1577:
1073:
1433:
483:
77:("Academy of the Floral Games"), it is the most ancient literary institution of the Western world. It was founded in 1323 in
817:
E per mays creysher lo deport / D'aquesta festa, dam per dansa / Am gay so, per dar alegransa, / Una flor de gaug d'argen fi
527:
446:. Even on religious themes, however, their work lacks the "force" of the last troubadours of the thirteenth century, like
1143:
1318:
546:
310:
961:
430:
1127:
766:, p. 198, does likewise, making the Consistori the committee which appointed the chancellor and maintainers.
1503:
1008:
Fraser, Veronica (1993). "The
Influence of the Venerable Bede on the Fourteenth-Century Occitan Treatise".
1040:
Histoire critique des jeux floraux depuis leur origine jusqu'à leur transformation en Académie (1323-1694)
190:("Overjoyed Company of the seven troubadours of Toulouse"). In its efforts to promote an extinct literary
1069:
582:
522:
1120:
134:
1488:
1418:
1602:
246:
The
Consistori held an annual poetry contest at which one contestant, the "most excellent poet" (
215:
389:
1592:
1338:
1193:
1163:
1448:
1378:
1368:
240:
154:
108:
1493:
1323:
1313:
1188:
532:
385:
447:
8:
1228:
1183:
848:
For a full list of laureates (1324–1694) with the flowers awarded and winning works, see
552:
494:
409:
355:
By 1471 the
Consistori was losing its Occitan character. It awarded the golden violet to
214:, one of the earliest Renaissance humanists to sit on a European throne, established the
588:
1508:
1463:
1403:
1343:
1029:
1025:
634:
517:
487:
339:(lament) is that of a faithful woman for her lover, who has been absent several years.
323:. The contests were held intermittently until 1484, when the last prize was awarded to
1056:
Paden, William D. (1995). "The
Troubadours and the Albigensian Crusade: A Long View".
475:
230:
82:
1458:
1353:
1348:
1298:
1288:
957:
375:
192:
1528:
1483:
1438:
1413:
1017:
674:
594:
558:
469:
461:
343:
211:
92:
54:
644:
370:: the College of French Rhetoric and Poetry. In 1554 the College awarded a silver
1513:
1498:
1268:
1218:
1178:
951:
725:
662:
499:
452:
146:
953:
The Origin and
Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship
465:
1533:
1398:
1388:
1328:
1263:
1203:
1168:
1158:
998:
371:
348:
1571:
1557:
1468:
1443:
1238:
1233:
1208:
979:
138:
100:
1478:
1473:
1103:
1021:
197:
Consistori "arose out of informal meetings of poets held in earlier years".
1293:
1283:
1273:
1248:
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439:
266:
260:
96:
1423:
1518:
1408:
1223:
1198:
1173:
457:
434:
Toulouse France Silver Medal, 1819. Clémence Isaure, 1450–1500 (obverse).
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320:
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174:
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30:
1523:
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1258:
1213:
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n'ostan qu'el fos Francés, per so que dictec e·l lengatge de
Tholosa
1428:
1393:
393:
379:
365:
142:
78:
59:
58:; "Consistory of the Gay Science") was a poetic academy founded at
226:
99:
in the form of different flowers, made of gold or silver, such as
1538:
1363:
1333:
130:
119:. The Consistori eventually became gallicised. It was renewed by
1552:
1453:
1147:
116:
1303:
359:
334:
329:
301:
277:
272:
253:
247:
234:
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185:
179:
1253:
898:(a tone and force) that the Toulousains lack (Riquer, 523).
1104:
Une fiche sur la naissance des Jeux floraux le 3 mai 1324.
712:
The consistory goes by many names in different languages.
1098:
757:
402:(floral games). In 1694 the Consistori was reborn as the
86:
43:
752:, p. 52, who seems also to distinguish between the
165:
The Consistori was founded by seven literary men of the
378:, the greatest French poet of his generation, for his
187:
Sobregaya Companhia dels Set (VII) Trobadors de Tolosa
503:, 1882. It is the namesake of the Italian folk group
1000:
Les Deux Siècles de l'Académie des Jeux floraux I–II
756:
of seven troubadours and an apparently pre-existing
18:Consistori de la Sobregaya Companhia del Gay Saber
95:poetry. The best verses were given prizes at the
1569:
1010:Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric
233:(Clemença Issaura), imaginary patroness of the
1128:
683:(the most brilliant spirit) of the Consistori
367:Collège de rhétorique et de poésie françaises
309:The first prize was awarded on 3 May 1324 to
1016:(1). University of California Press: 51–61.
996:
678:
417:
403:
397:
333:to the seven maintainers for judgement. The
124:
956:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
647:, submitted a figured verse for competition
184:("Consistory of the Seven Troubadours") or
1135:
1121:
512:
1078:. Vol. 1. Barcelona: Edicions Ariel
933:Histoire de l' Académie des Jeux floraux
597:, first chancellor, wrote up the rules (
516:
429:
225:
218:in imitation of the Toulousain academy.
29:
977:
763:
737:
425:
282:(a fine silver marigold), and the best
14:
1570:
1068:
1007:
861:
787:
749:
34:An initial from the first page of the
1142:
1116:
1055:
1036:
949:
873:
849:
775:
637:, completed the final version of the
607:, won the eglantine and was "crowned"
62:in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the
53:
909:tiranitzar pels monòtons alexandrins
885:Riquer makes this criticism, p. 523.
665:, collaborator with Raimon de Cornet
528:Reines de France et Femmes illustres
129:has had such prestigious members as
123:in 1694 and still exists today. The
561:, lost a debate with Rovira in 1386
486:and its "tyranny of the monotonous
396:the academy bestowed on him at the
24:
1075:Història de la Literatura Catalana
619:, won a debate with Palaol in 1386
573:, "crowned" winner in unknown year
567:, "crowned" winner in unknown year
25:
1614:
1092:
981:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
613:, "sealed" winner in unknown year
200:The Consistori was governed by a
55:[kunsisˈtɔɾiðelˈɣajsaˈβe]
1588:1513 disestablishments in France
1551:
258:(golden violet) for the poem or
1598:Organizations based in Toulouse
942:
935:(Toulouse, 1764), p. 4, French.
901:
888:
879:
867:
855:
842:
671:, collaborator with Peire Duran
625:, "crowned" winner unknown year
547:Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari
311:Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari
64:lyric poetry of the troubadours
1583:1320s establishments in France
925:
826:
810:
793:
781:
769:
743:
731:
716:is an alternate Occitan name;
706:
181:Consistori dels Sept Trobadors
13:
1:
1578:1323 establishments in Europe
918:
714:Consistori de la Gaya Sciensa
695:, maintainer in 1355 and 1386
689:, won the "joia" unknown year
653:, participant in unknown year
591:, maintainer in 1355 and 1386
585:, won the "joia" unknown year
521:Statue of Clémence Isaure by
221:
160:
91:with the goal of encouraging
984:. London: Methuen Publishing
978:Chaytor, Henry John (1933).
605:Guillem Bossatz d'Aorlayachs
7:
1037:Gélis, François de (1912).
720:an alternate spelling; and
392:received his name from the
10:
1619:
541:Arnaut Bernart de Tarascon
493:It is the inspiration for
478:is highly critical of the
325:Arnaut Bernart de Tarascon
71:Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals
1547:
1489:San Francisco Renaissance
1154:
680:l'esprit le plus brillant
579:, "crowned" winner thrice
422:. It still exists today.
405:Académie des Jeux Floraux
303:flor d'ayglentina d'argen
126:Académie des Jeux Floraux
87:
75:Académie des Jeux Floraux
44:
1043:(in French). p. 285
759:Consistori del Gay Saber
699:
659:, won the violet in 1373
631:, won the violet c. 1360
549:, won the violet in 1324
543:, won the violet in 1484
523:Antoine-Augustin Préault
480:escòla poetica de Tolosa
416:received a prize at the
88:Consistori del Gay Saber
45:Consistori del Gay Saber
1030:10.1525/rh.1993.11.1.51
1022:10.1525/rh.1993.11.1.51
380:
366:
360:
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279:flor de gaug d'argen fi
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216:Consistori de Barcelona
210:(maintainers). In 1390
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186:
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1319:Generation of the '30s
1194:British Poetry Revival
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679:
577:Bertran de Sant Roscha
536:
513:Associated troubadours
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418:
404:
398:
249:plus excellen Dictador
243:
125:
81:and later restored by
38:
1369:Informationist poetry
997:Duboul, Axel (1901).
950:Boase, Roger (1977).
657:Peire Duran de Limoux
520:
433:
306:(a silver dog rose).
276:earned its creator a
252:), would receive the
241:Jules Joseph Lefebvre
229:
33:
1494:Scottish Renaissance
1189:Black Mountain poets
533:Jardin du Luxembourg
484:French neoclassicism
426:Character and legacy
204:and seven judges or
1434:New American Poetry
1184:Black Arts Movement
1164:Akhmatova's Orphans
754:Sobregaya Companhia
724:is consistent with
553:Bernart de Panassac
495:Friedrich Nietzsche
374:to none other than
1509:Southern Agrarians
1404:Metaphysical poets
1344:Harlem Renaissance
726:modern orthography
635:Joan de Castellnou
583:Gaston III of Foix
565:Bertran del Falgar
537:
436:
244:
69:Also known as the
39:
1565:
1564:
1558:Poetry portal
1354:Hungry generation
1349:Harvard Aesthetes
1324:Generation of '98
1314:Generation of '27
1289:The poets of Elan
1058:Romance Philology
896:un to i una força
669:Peire de Monlasur
555:, founding member
448:Cerverí de Girona
390:Fabre d'Églantine
376:Pierre de Ronsard
357:Peire de Janilhac
319:in praise of the
169:, who composed a
16:(Redirected from
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1556:
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1469:Parnassian poets
1439:New Apocalyptics
1414:Modernist poetry
1229:Confessionalists
1219:Churchyard poets
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911:" (Riquer, 532).
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675:Raimon de Cornet
611:Guillem Vetzinas
595:Guilhem Molinier
589:Germà de Gontaut
571:Bertran de Payna
559:Bernat de Palaol
464:and the work of
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1449:New York School
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623:Jaume de Tolosa
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476:Martí de Riquer
453:dolce stil novo
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231:Clémence Isaure
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147:Alfred de Vigny
83:Clémence Isaure
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1064:(2): 168–191.
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1419:The Movement
1308:
1284:Ego-Futurism
1274:Dymock poets
1249:Cyclic Poets
1244:Culteranismo
1080:. Retrieved
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1519:Sung poetry
1504:Sons of Ben
1429:Neotericism
1409:Misty Poets
1374:İkinci Yeni
1224:Conceptismo
1199:Cairo poets
1174:Auden Group
1108:(in French)
862:Riquer 1964
788:Riquer 1964
750:Fraser 1993
641:around 1355
488:alexandrine
458:Renaissance
414:Victor Hugo
349:Leys d'amor
321:Virgin Mary
300:garnered a
270:. The best
207:mantenedors
175:Old Occitan
167:bourgeoisie
151:Victor Hugo
36:Leys d'amor
1572:Categories
1524:Surrealism
1479:Précieuses
1474:La Pléiade
1384:Lake Poets
1259:Deep image
1214:Chhayavaad
919:References
874:Paden 1995
850:Gélis 1912
776:Boase 1977
722:consistòri
651:Luys Ycart
222:Activities
202:chancellor
161:Foundation
1529:Symbolism
1424:Négritude
1359:Imaginism
1339:The Group
1309:Gay Saber
1299:Fugitives
1279:Ecopoetry
1179:The Beats
677:, called
506:Gai Saber
412:. Later,
410:Louis XIV
316:sirventes
291:pastorèla
285:sirventés
171:manifesto
135:Marmontel
121:Louis XIV
113:amaranths
109:marigolds
105:rose hips
1394:Marinism
1234:Créolité
1072:(1964).
456:and the
394:dog rose
346:, whose
297:vergièra
143:Voltaire
79:Toulouse
60:Toulouse
51:Occitan:
1539:Zutiste
1364:Imagism
1334:Goliard
1159:Acmeism
1144:Schools
1099:website
525:in the
470:Catalan
462:Italian
131:Ronsard
101:violets
93:Occitan
85:as the
1464:Others
1454:Oberiu
1148:poetry
1082:8 June
1047:8 June
1028:
988:8 June
969:8 June
960:
801:trobar
444:Marian
381:Amours
313:for a
117:lilies
1304:Garip
1294:Flarf
1026:JSTOR
835:, in
819:, in
803:, in
700:Notes
336:planh
330:planh
273:dança
261:cançó
239:, by
193:koiné
173:, in
1254:Dada
1084:2015
1049:2015
990:2015
971:2015
958:ISBN
639:Leys
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419:jeux
153:and
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