560:
568:
897:
33:
725:
1099:(raised in 1939). Those unable to serve full-time were directed into the Bermuda Home Guard (raised for the duration of the war). Although conscription ended with the war, a shortfall of volunteers led to its reintroduction to the BVRC in 1957 (when the regular army components of the Bermuda Garrison were withdrawn, leaving only the two territorials in Bermuda) and the BMA in 1960. Since the two units were amalgamated in 1965, conscription was retained until July 2018, making the
716:, as conscription continued after the war. Those already in the armed forces were given a release class determined by length of service and age. In practice, releases began in June 1945, and the last of the wartime conscripts had been released by 1949. However, urgently needed men, particularly those in the building trades, were released in 1945, although restrictions on their immediate employment were supposed to be enforced. All women were released at the end of the war.
836:
518:. The law went through several changes before the war ended. Married men were exempt in the original Act, although this was changed in May 1916. The age limit was also eventually raised to 51 years old. Recognition of work of national importance also diminished. In the last year of the war there was support for the conscription of clergy, though this was not enacted. Conscription lasted until mid-1919.
636:, who were required to justify their position to a tribunal, with power to allocate the applicant to one of three categories: unconditional exemption; exemption conditional upon performing specified civilian work (frequently farming, forestry or menial hospital work); exemption from only combatant service, meaning that the objector had to serve in the specially created
934:, had been compulsory, with all able-bodied, military-aged males, whether free, indentured, or enslaved, liable. The Militia was divided into nine companies, one for each parish (collectively forming a battalion under a lieutenant-colonel), and were embodied annually for training, or as required by war or emergency. Volunteers, organised under appointed
1071:) in Britain in 1907–1908, with the introduction of terms of service (specific lengths of service for which volunteers enlisted), but this did not occur in Bermuda until the 1920s (1921 for the BVRC and 1928 for the BMA, as post-war reductions of the British Government's defence budget let to the reduction of the regular army components of the
1164:
stating just two days prior that government policy was that circumstances demanded a volunteer professional military and that national service would have a negative effect on morale. Under these plans, which would have cost £2.5 billion, all 18-year-olds would have been required to perform a one-year
814:
National
Service ended gradually from 1957. It was decided that those born on or after 1 October 1939 would not be required, but conscription continued for those born earlier whose call-up had been delayed for any reason. In November 1960 the last conscripted men entered service, as call-ups formally
708:
Men under 20 years old were initially not liable to be sent overseas, but this exemption was lifted by 1942. People called up before they were 51 years old but who reached their 51st birthday during their service were liable to serve until the end of the war. People who had retired, resigned or been
1047:
led the local parliament to pass new militia and volunteer acts in 1892. During the interim, Bermudian volunteers had been recruited for local-service only into the regular army and the Board of
Ordnance Military Corps, under terms of service similar to those of the old militia.
1025:
more as a base than a colony. The build-up of the regular military forces led to the
Parliament of Bermuda allowing the Militia Act to lapse after 1816 as the reserve forces were perceived as an unnecessary expense (the Militia in the United Kingdom was also allowed to become a
1038:
was raised at the same time to boost
Britain's defences). The British Government spent the next eight decades unsuccessfully asking, pleading and cajoling the local government to restore the militia until the requirement of consent for American investment into the
743:
for 18 months, and remain on the reserve list for four years. They could be recalled to their units for up to 20 days for no more than three occasions during these four years. Men were exempt from
National Service if they worked in one of the three
810:
During the 1950s there was a prohibition on serving members of the armed forces standing for election to
Parliament. A few National Servicemen stood for election in the 1951 and 1955 general elections in order to be dismissed from service.
1148:
publicly denying this was a plan by the armed forces, with the former issuing a statement declaring "The
British military has a proud tradition of being a voluntary force and there is absolutely no suggestion of a return to conscription".
599:
was passed the following month. Only single men 20 to 22 years old were liable to be called up, and they were to be known as "militiamen" to distinguish them from the regular army. To emphasise this distinction, each man was issued with a
604:
in addition to a uniform. The intention was for the first intake to undergo six months of basic training before being discharged into an active reserve. They would then be recalled for short training periods and attend an annual camp.
1474:
700:
Women who had one or more children 14 years old or younger living with them. This included their own children, legitimate or illegitimate, stepchildren, and adopted children, as long as the child was adopted before 18 December
466:
has existed for two periods in modern times. The first was from 1916 to 1920, and the second from 1939 to 1960. The last conscription term ended in 1963 although many soldiers chose to continue in the service beyond 1963.
612:. The first intake was absorbed into the army. This act imposed a liability to conscription to all men aged 18 to 41 years who were living in Great Britain. Men could be rejected for medical reasons, and those engaged in
509:
in
January 1916. The act specified that single men aged 18 to 40 years old were liable to be called up for military service unless they were widowed with children, or were ministers of a religion. There was a system of
1402:
470:
It was legally designated as "Military
Service" from 1916 to 1920, and as "National Service" from 1939 to 1960. However, between 1939 and 1948, it was often referred to as "War Service" in documents relating to
2303:
1886:
1144:, which elements of the press mischaracterised as advocacy of conscription; these statements generated controversy, and led to the Ministry of Defence and a spokesman for the British Prime Minister
1059:, in which part-time soldiers served voluntarily and could quit their service with 14 days' notice, except while embodied for training, war, or national emergency. The Militia, Volunteer force, and
2054:
1984:
1452:
713:
2004:
2029:
962:
in
Florida and a detachment from the Independent Company of the Bahamas, but these were withdrawn in 1768, leaving only the militia and volunteer gunners. Two companies of the invalid
760:
for a period of eight years. If they quit early, they were subject to being called up. Exemption continued for conscientious objectors, with the same tribunal system and categories.
2116:
1668:
2224:
2076:
2229:
767:, the service period was extended to two years; in compensation, the reserve period was reduced by six months. National Servicemen who showed promise could be commissioned as
2146:
2106:
2086:
2066:
822:
precludes the government from using that act to make emergency regulations that would "require a person, or enable a person to be required, to provide military service".
2262:
2209:
2161:
2156:
2131:
1545:
963:
492:
2136:
2096:
2044:
2014:
1994:
1979:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
2310:
2126:
2071:
1005:
present, however, until the 19th century, and civilians (including retired soldiers) were hired locally to carry out the construction work. At the same time, the
2166:
2091:
2061:
1051:
From 1894, recruitment into the new part-time military reserves raised under the 1892 acts had originally followed the post-1850s practices in England for the
201:
197:
1055:, in which soldiers voluntarily enlisted for six years (embodied for the duration of wars or emergencies, or otherwise only for annual training), and the
857:
1435:
1492:
1928:
1606:
2436:
2343:
514:
to adjudicate upon claims for exemption upon the grounds of performing civilian work of national importance, domestic hardship, health, and
2421:
2328:
216:
1165:
full-time placement in the armed forces or to perform part-time community service of 25 days per year for an unspecified number of years.
2416:
588:
502:
302:
942:
batteries to maintain a standing defence against enemy vessels or landing parties. This Militia was raised under acts of the colonial
739:
introduced by Clement Attlee's Labour government. From 1 January 1949, healthy males 17 to 21 years old were required to serve in the
2360:
2375:
609:
377:
1334:
2365:
2296:
476:
2385:
1374:
1133:
442:
1518:
1695:
1018:
1921:
1157:
579:
Conscription legislation lapsed in 1920. However, as a result of the deteriorating international situation and the rise of
282:
2390:
2355:
2350:
1901:
1136:
delivered a speech advocating a volunteer "citizen army" of the willing in the wake of global turmoil, specifically the
137:
132:
1034:
and the American War of 1812, and was not restored until the 1850s, from which time it recruited only volunteers; the
2426:
2395:
2338:
2252:
1068:
1040:
883:
387:
32:
1770:
Crowson, N. J. " The conservative party and the call for national service, 1937–39: Compulsion versus voluntarism,"
1290:, Thursday, 18 April 1957; pg. 4; Issue 53819; col E "Defence Policy Approved/ Conscription To End With 1939 Class"
865:
2431:
1300:
1141:
1044:
1017:, and the primary role of the growing military garrison became the protection of the main base of the Royal Navy's
142:
2380:
2267:
2219:
2111:
1914:
1204:
1056:
327:
297:
1001:
officers had already been posted to Bermuda to survey the defences and oversee their improvement. There were no
709:
dismissed from the forces before the war were liable to be called back if they had not reached 51 years of age.
861:
757:
392:
287:
1896:
1891:
1080:
1010:
342:
1496:
1419:
967:
819:
347:
54:
2370:
2176:
1092:
729:
559:
534:
362:
277:
272:
521:
Due to the political situation in Ireland, conscription was never applied there; only in Great Britain (
1969:
923:
912:
596:
584:
554:
511:
488:
435:
322:
172:
1519:"Britain says it has no plans for conscription, after top general says the UK may need a citizen army"
2257:
2081:
1194:
1076:
800:
736:
567:
542:
506:
496:
456:
352:
167:
162:
1087:, but had not been put into place before the cessation of hostilities. It was introduced during the
616:
were "reserved" at a particular age beyond which no one in that job would be enlisted. For example,
2277:
1989:
1791:
Hucker, Daniel. "Franco-British Relations and the Question of Conscription in Britain, 1938–1939."
1096:
1052:
1014:
1002:
846:
792:
641:
2247:
1640:
946:, which required periodic renewal. Bermuda had received its first regular (English Army) unit (an
815:
ended on 31 December 1960, and the last conscripted servicemen left the armed forces in May 1963.
2186:
2049:
2034:
2019:
2009:
1153:
931:
850:
651:
between 18 and 51 years old and all females 20 to 30 years old resident in Great Britain and the
415:
397:
292:
252:
247:
237:
232:
222:
2272:
2214:
2181:
2171:
2151:
2141:
2121:
2101:
2039:
2024:
1999:
1100:
904:
768:
633:
515:
372:
367:
357:
337:
332:
317:
312:
307:
262:
257:
242:
212:
187:
182:
64:
1876:
1184:
978:
943:
428:
227:
192:
608:
At the outbreak of war, on 3 September 1939, the Military Training Act was overtaken by the
959:
951:
740:
624:
were "reserved" at 18 years old. From 1943, some conscripts were directed into the British
267:
207:
177:
1238:
8:
1330:
1189:
1137:
989:
led to war between Britain and France. This unit was joined in 1794 by a company Invalid
955:
947:
745:
637:
613:
592:
109:
74:
69:
1546:"Army chief says people of UK are 'prewar generation' who must be ready to fight Russia"
1364:
541:
gaining significant support because of the crisis, eventually resulting in a successful
1859:
1342:
1257:
1199:
1129:
in the UK to give young people "a sense of belonging rather than a sense of violence."
1117:
896:
472:
79:
59:
152:
1614:
1553:
1444:
1064:
994:
986:
939:
927:
772:
538:
1641:"Rishi Sunak vows to reintroduce UK national service in first major campaign policy"
1160:
and was announced as such on 25 May 2024, despite the Conservative defence minister
1075:, with the reserve units taking on greater responsibilities). Conscription into the
94:
1126:
1088:
1072:
982:
900:
784:
776:
104:
99:
1115:
made a call for bringing back conscription. Following the launch of his 2009 film
2288:
1673:
1645:
1607:"Defence minister ruled out return of National Service day after election called"
1579:
1174:
1161:
1084:
1035:
1031:
998:
990:
648:
621:
601:
572:
683:
679:
669:
1897:
BBC History – The Peacetime Conscripts: National Service in the Post-war Years
455:"National Servicemen" redirects here. For Australian National Servicemen, see
2410:
1669:"Tory national service plan would harm UK's defence, warns ex-military chief"
1618:
1557:
1448:
1179:
1122:
84:
724:
1881:
1398:
1112:
1091:, with conscripts serving full-time for the duration in the BMA, BVRC, the
974:
771:. National Service personnel were used in combat operations, including the
580:
463:
114:
24:
16:
20th century systems for compulsory military service in the United Kingdom
1906:
1145:
1027:
804:
753:
749:
660:
652:
625:
89:
1308:
1006:
928:
Militia of the Kingdom of England (including the Principality of Wales)
796:
788:
764:
629:
617:
38:
1902:
BBC History – WW2 People's War – Fact File : Reserved Occupations
705:
Pregnant women were not exempted, but in practice were not called up.
1871:
1224:
1152:
Reintroduction of mandatory national service was a key plank of the
835:
1060:
903:
recruits clean their Ruger Mini-14/20GB rifles prior to a shoot at
526:
595:
to introduce a limited form of conscription on 27 April 1939. The
1744:
The Radical General: Sir Robert Adam and Britain's New Model Army
1415:
1410:
916:
735:
National Service as peacetime conscription was formulated by the
522:
997:
Military Corps (and not at that time part of the British Army).
1369:
763:
In October 1950, in response to the British involvement in the
688:
1580:"Conservatives plan to bring back mandatory National Service"
1106:
780:
530:
1275:
The British General Election of 1951: Candidates and Parties
1103:
the last conscripted force serving under the British Crown.
1877:
British Armed Forces National Service Stories – Bill Wyman
493:
Recruitment to the British Army during the First World War
932:
English and Welsh Militia of the Kingdom of Great Britain
678:
Persons employed by the government of any country of the
1393:
1391:
501:
Conscription during the First World War began when the
1728:
The Conscription Controversy in Great Britain, 1900–18
1401:, Minister of National Security (22 June 2018).
954:) in 1701. This was withdrawn in 1763, following the
1856:
National service: conscription in Britain, 1945-1963
1786:
The Call Up: A History of National Service 1947–1963
1774:(1995), 9:3, 507-528, DOI: 10.1080/13619469508581352
1388:
663:
who had lived in the country for less than two years
659:
British subjects from outside Great Britain and the
1436:"Prince Harry calls to bring back National Service"
1239:"What was National Service? | National Army Museum"
919:was the last jurisdiction to abolish conscription.
655:were liable to be called up, with some exemptions:
2318:
1434:
970:, but this unit was disbanded at Bermuda in 1783.
803:. In addition, National Servicemen served in the
2408:
1397:
640:or in some other non-combatant unit such as the
1828:National Service: The Best Years of Their Lives
1544:Sabbagh, Dan; Walker, Peter (24 January 2024).
1329:
825:
1009:established in Bermuda what was to become the
981:) was detached to Bermuda to re-establish the
958:, and replaced by a company detached from the
2304:
1922:
1872:British Armed Forces National Service Stories
1543:
728:National Service (1939–1960) memorial at the
436:
1132:In 2024, Chief of the General Staff General
694:Those who were blind or had mental disorders
1639:Uddin, Rafe; Parker, George (26 May 2024).
1638:
864:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
563:World War II poster from the United Kingdom
2311:
2297:
1936:
1929:
1915:
1493:"Put Young People In The Army, Says Caine"
1222:Chelmsford, J. E. "Clergy and Man-Power",
1107:Support for reintroduction of conscription
443:
429:
1849:National Service: A Generation in Uniform
1475:"Prince Harry wants you to join the army"
1043:and the dredging of the channel into the
884:Learn how and when to remove this message
1887:Parliamentary Archives: WW1 Conscription
1577:
895:
723:
610:National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939
566:
558:
537:by the Irish public, defeating it, with
1666:
1021:as the British Government came to view
2409:
1726:Adams, R.J.Q. and Philip P. Poirier.
1604:
1432:
1255:
2292:
1910:
1892:BBC History – Conscription Introduced
1293:
1019:North America and West Indies Station
2437:2024 United Kingdom general election
1455:from the original on 12 January 2022
862:adding citations to reliable sources
829:
2422:Public policy in the United Kingdom
1696:"Conservative Party manifesto 2024"
1495:. 29 September 2013. Archived from
548:
13:
2417:Conscription in the United Kingdom
1807:The National Serviceman's Handbook
1720:
1286:Ministerial statement reported in
966:were posted to Bermuda during the
666:Police, medical and prison workers
628:industry and become known as the "
482:
14:
2448:
1865:
1800:All Bull: The National Servicemen
1125:called for the reintroduction of
1142:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
834:
533:). An attempt to do this caused
462:In the United Kingdom, military
31:
1765:National Service Fifty Years On
1737:Conscription in Britain 1939–64
1688:
1660:
1632:
1598:
1578:McGarvey, Emily (25 May 2024).
1571:
1537:
1511:
1485:
1467:
1426:
1411:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
632:". Provision was also made for
614:vital industries or occupations
2319:Policies of the United Kingdom
1605:Martin, Daniel (26 May 2024).
1433:Harley, Nicola (16 May 2015).
1365:"Civil Contingencies Act 2004"
1357:
1323:
1301:"www.NSRAFA.org – Get Some In"
1280:
1268:
1249:
1231:
1216:
977:infantry (a detachment of the
1:
2329:Classified information policy
1793:Contemporary European History
1730:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987)
1705:. 11 June 2024. p. 27/29
1667:Gregory, Andy (29 May 2024).
1210:
1081:Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps
1053:Militia of the United Kingdom
1011:Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda
926:from 1612 to 1816, as in the
907:during the 1994 Recruit Camp.
719:
1420:House of Assembly of Bermuda
1403:"Defence Amendment Act 2018"
1335:"What was National Service?"
1256:Simkin, John (August 2014).
1205:War Resisters' International
1030:after the conclusion of the
968:American War of Independence
826:British overseas territories
820:Civil Contingencies Act 2004
55:Alternative civilian service
7:
1168:
1093:Bermuda Volunteer Engineers
730:National Memorial Arboretum
712:Britain did not completely
591:, persuaded the cabinet of
10:
2453:
913:British overseas territory
791:, where conscripts to the
585:Secretary of State for War
555:Opposition to World War II
552:
489:No-Conscription Fellowship
486:
454:
2324:
2238:
2200:
1942:
1195:Military recruit training
1095:(raised in 1931), or the
1083:was discussed during the
1077:Bermuda Militia Artillery
801:Battle of the Imjin River
737:National Service Act 1948
497:Opposition to World War I
457:Conscription in Australia
2427:British Army recruitment
1882:National Service Memoirs
1097:Bermuda Militia Infantry
1003:Royal Sappers and Miners
964:Royal Garrison Battalion
938:, also manned fortified
793:Gloucestershire Regiment
642:Royal Army Medical Corps
2432:Conscription by country
2386:Security vetting policy
2344:Cannabis classification
1842:Brasso, Blanco and Bull
634:conscientious objectors
516:conscientious objection
1985:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1937:Conscription in Europe
1101:Royal Bermuda Regiment
908:
732:
576:
564:
505:government passed the
65:Conscientious objector
1805:McCutcheon, C. (ed).
1795:17.4 (2008): 437-456.
1375:The National Archives
1262:Spartacus Educational
1185:Jeannette and Jeannot
1158:2024 general election
1063:were merged into the
979:47th Regiment of Foot
944:Parliament of Bermuda
930:and subsequently the
899:
818:Section 23(3) of the
727:
597:Military Training Act
571:WW2-era poster with "
570:
562:
124:By historical country
37:1780 caricature of a
1499:on 29 September 2013
1228:15 April 1918, p. 12
1045:St. George's Harbour
960:9th Regiment of Foot
952:2nd Regiment of Foot
950:, detached from the
858:improve this section
543:war for independence
507:Military Service Act
407:By geographical area
378:United Arab Emirates
2334:Conscription policy
2201:States with limited
1821:You and the Call Up
1772:Contemporary Record
1756:Chambers, P. (ed),
1331:Imperial War Museum
1190:Massacre of Tranent
1138:Russo-Ukrainian War
1067:(later renamed the
948:Independent Company
922:Service in the old
691:of any denomination
638:Non-Combatant Corps
593:Neville Chamberlain
589:Leslie Hore-Belisha
110:Penal military unit
75:Counter-recruitment
70:Conscription crisis
2376:Immigration policy
1703:Conservative Party
1345:on 12 January 2015
1339:archive.iwm.org.UK
1200:Peace Pledge Union
1156:manifesto for the
1154:Conservative Party
909:
746:essential services
733:
714:demobilise in 1945
577:
565:
473:National Insurance
80:Draft-card burning
60:Civil conscription
2404:
2403:
2286:
2285:
1525:. 24 January 2024
1121:, English actor
1065:Territorial Force
995:Board of Ordnance
987:French Revolution
940:coastal artillery
936:Captains of Forts
894:
893:
886:
795:took part in the
773:Malayan Emergency
647:By 1942 all male
539:Irish nationalism
477:pension provision
453:
452:
153:By modern country
2444:
2381:Rationing policy
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2239:Dependencies and
1943:Sovereign states
1931:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1854:Vinen, Richard.
1847:Vinen, Richard.
1835:National Service
1814:National Service
1779:National Service
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1407:
1399:Hon Wayne Caines
1395:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1341:. Archived from
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1307:. Archived from
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1134:Patrick Saunders
1127:national service
1089:Second World War
1073:Bermuda Garrison
1069:Territorial Army
1023:Fortress Bermuda
983:Bermuda Garrison
956:Seven Years' War
901:Bermuda Regiment
889:
882:
878:
875:
869:
838:
830:
785:Mau Mau Uprising
777:Cyprus Emergency
649:British subjects
549:Second World War
445:
438:
431:
105:National service
100:Military service
46:Related concepts
35:
21:
20:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2361:Firearms policy
2320:
2317:
2287:
2282:
2240:
2234:
2220:Northern Cyprus
2202:
2196:
2117:North Macedonia
1938:
1935:
1868:
1723:
1721:Further reading
1718:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1674:The Independent
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1646:Financial Times
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1523:The Independent
1517:
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1512:
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1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1441:Daily Telegraph
1431:
1427:
1422:. p. 2512.
1405:
1396:
1389:
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1377:
1363:
1362:
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1348:
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1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1311:on 17 June 2018
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1277:, John Williams
1273:
1269:
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1250:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1175:Class Z Reserve
1171:
1162:Andrew Murrison
1109:
1085:First World War
1057:Volunteer Force
1036:Volunteer Force
1032:Napoleonic Wars
1015:Admiralty House
999:Royal Engineers
991:Royal Artillery
985:in 1793 as the
924:Bermuda Militia
890:
879:
873:
870:
855:
839:
828:
722:
622:police officers
573:England expects
557:
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499:
485:
483:First World War
460:
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420:
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328:the Philippines
298:the Netherlands
147:
119:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2366:Foreign policy
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2005:Czech Republic
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
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1911:
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1867:
1866:External links
1864:
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1810:
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1798:Johnson, B.S.
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1749:Carradice, P.
1747:
1740:
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1631:
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1484:
1481:. 17 May 2015.
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1322:
1305:www.nsrafa.org
1292:
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1258:"Conscription"
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1041:Princess Hotel
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684:United Kingdom
680:British Empire
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198:Congo-Kinshasa
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138:Russian Empire
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95:Levée en masse
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2351:Energy policy
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2253:Faroe Islands
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2225:South Ossetia
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2077:Liechtenstein
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2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
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1839:
1836:
1833:Shindler, C.
1832:
1829:
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1612:
1611:The Telegraph
1608:
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1585:
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1244:
1243:www.nam.ac.uk
1240:
1234:
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1183:
1181:
1180:Court-martial
1178:
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1159:
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1128:
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1123:Michael Caine
1120:
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906:
902:
898:
888:
885:
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874:November 2022
867:
863:
859:
853:
852:
848:
843:This section
841:
837:
832:
831:
823:
821:
816:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
758:merchant navy
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
731:
726:
717:
715:
710:
706:
699:
697:Married women
696:
693:
690:
687:
685:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
656:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
574:
569:
561:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
535:huge backlash
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
508:
504:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
468:
465:
458:
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417:
414:
413:
411:
410:
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405:
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396:
394:
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388:United States
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116:
113:
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108:
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91:
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86:
85:Draft evasion
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
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52:
50:
49:
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40:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
19:
2333:
2230:Transnistria
2191:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1819:Pollard, R.
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1784:Hickman, T.
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1727:
1707:. Retrieved
1702:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1672:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1610:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1583:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1550:The Guardian
1549:
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1487:
1478:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1440:
1428:
1409:
1378:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1343:the original
1338:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:the original
1304:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1223:
1218:
1151:
1131:
1116:
1113:Prince Harry
1110:
1050:
1022:
975:British Army
972:
935:
921:
910:
905:Warwick Camp
880:
871:
856:Please help
844:
817:
813:
809:
783:against the
762:
741:armed forces
734:
711:
707:
704:
646:
620:keepers and
607:
581:Nazi Germany
578:
520:
500:
469:
464:conscription
461:
382:
348:South Africa
143:Soviet Union
115:War resister
25:Conscription
18:
2396:Visa policy
2371:Euro policy
2339:Drug policy
2268:Isle of Man
2203:recognition
2177:Switzerland
2112:Netherlands
1840:Thorne, T.
1751:The Call Up
1503:14 February
1479:News.com.au
1146:Rishi Sunak
1118:Harry Brown
1028:paper tiger
805:Suez Crisis
799:during the
750:coal mining
682:except the
661:Isle of Man
653:Isle of Man
626:coal mining
363:Switzerland
303:New Zealand
278:South Korea
273:North Korea
90:Impressment
2411:Categories
2147:San Marino
2107:Montenegro
2087:Luxembourg
2067:Kazakhstan
1970:Azerbaijan
1826:Royle, T.
1777:Doyle, P.
1763:Coates, B
1742:Broad, R.
1735:Broad, R.
1563:24 January
1552:. London.
1529:24 January
1211:References
1007:Royal Navy
797:last stand
789:Korean War
787:, and the
765:Korean War
756:, and the
720:After 1945
630:Bevin Boys
618:lighthouse
553:See also:
487:See also:
323:Mozambique
173:Azerbaijan
39:press gang
2258:Gibraltar
2082:Lithuania
1812:Paul, E.
1758:Called Up
1619:0307-1235
1558:0261-3077
1459:30 August
1449:0307-1235
1315:30 August
1288:The Times
1225:The Times
993:from the
845:does not
807:in 1956.
512:tribunals
353:Sri Lanka
343:Singapore
288:Lithuania
217:reduction
168:Australia
163:Argentina
2278:Svalbard
2263:Guernsey
2210:Abkhazia
2162:Slovenia
2157:Slovakia
2132:Portugal
1990:Bulgaria
1584:BBC News
1453:Archived
1169:See also
1140:and the
1111:In 2015
1079:and the
1061:Yeomanry
973:Regular
769:officers
675:Students
575:" legend
527:Scotland
2187:Ukraine
2137:Romania
2097:Moldova
2055:Ireland
2050:Iceland
2045:Hungary
2035:Germany
2030:Georgia
2020:Finland
2015:Estonia
2010:Denmark
1995:Croatia
1980:Belgium
1975:Belarus
1965:Austria
1960:Armenia
1955:Andorra
1950:Albania
1858:(2014)
1844:, 2012.
1837:, 2012.
1830:, 2002.
1823:, 1942.
1809:, 2007.
1802:, 1973.
1788:, 2004.
1781:, 2012.
1760:, 1955.
1746:, 2013.
1739:, 2006.
1709:11 June
1416:Bermuda
1380:3 April
1349:4 April
1013:and an
917:Bermuda
866:removed
851:sources
754:farming
523:England
503:British
416:Ireland
398:Vietnam
393:Ukraine
293:Myanmar
253:Germany
248:Georgia
238:Finland
233:Eritrea
223:Denmark
178:Bermuda
2273:Jersey
2215:Kosovo
2182:Turkey
2172:Sweden
2152:Serbia
2142:Russia
2127:Poland
2122:Norway
2102:Monaco
2072:Latvia
2040:Greece
2025:France
2000:Cyprus
1860:online
1851:, 2014
1816:, 2012
1767:,2014.
1753:,2016.
1680:29 May
1652:29 May
1624:26 May
1617:
1590:25 May
1556:
1447:
1370:gov.uk
775:, the
689:Clergy
583:, the
529:, and
495:, and
373:Turkey
368:Taiwan
358:Sweden
338:Serbia
333:Russia
318:Monaco
313:Mexico
308:Norway
283:Latvia
263:Israel
258:Greece
243:France
213:Cyprus
188:Canada
183:Brazil
2248:Åland
2167:Spain
2092:Malta
2062:Italy
1699:(PDF)
1586:. BBC
1406:(PDF)
781:Kenya
779:, in
701:1941.
531:Wales
228:Egypt
193:China
1711:2024
1682:2024
1654:2024
1626:2024
1615:ISSN
1592:2024
1565:2024
1554:ISSN
1531:2024
1505:2018
1461:2018
1445:ISSN
1382:2024
1351:2013
1317:2018
911:The
849:any
847:cite
602:suit
475:and
268:Iran
208:Cuba
915:of
860:by
748:":
672:men
587:,
2413::
1701:.
1671:.
1643:.
1613:.
1609:.
1582:.
1548:.
1521:.
1477:.
1451:.
1443:.
1439:.
1418::
1414:.
1408:.
1390:^
1373:.
1367:.
1337:.
1333:.
1303:.
1260:.
1241:.
752:,
644:.
545:.
525:,
491:,
479:.
2312:e
2305:t
2298:v
1930:e
1923:t
1916:v
1713:.
1684:.
1656:.
1628:.
1594:.
1567:.
1533:.
1507:.
1463:.
1384:.
1353:.
1319:.
1264:.
1245:.
887:)
881:(
876:)
872:(
868:.
854:.
744:"
459:.
444:e
437:t
430:v
219:)
215:(
204:)
200:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
