334:, said the series "reads like a modern, real-life collection of Sherlock Holmes episodes. The cases range from the eerily perplexing to the preposterously naive. The reader is given a taste of scientific method, even though the cases are often such that they defy anything approaching deductive analysis." Six chapters covered field studies of such physical evidence as electromagnetic effects, and visual and radar images. One treated the observations of U.S. astronauts.
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412:, astronomer Thornton Page (who thought the phenomenon had a sociological basis) wrote of the report: "Intelligent laymen can (and do) point out the logical flaw in Condon's conclusion based on a statistically small (and selected) sample, Even in this sample a consistent pattern can be recognized; it is ignored by the 'authorities,' who then compound their 'felony' by recommending that no further observational data be collected."
229:, another civilian UFO research group. The Committee moved slowly, hampered by disagreements about the use of funds and methodology. By hiring people with no prior position on UFOs, the Committee staff lacked expertise and subject matter expertise. As they began their analyses, Committee members usually worked without coordination with one another. Individuals embraced diverse approaches, especially with respect to the
249:, a confirmed believer in the validity of UFO sightings, learned from a Committee member about a memo Low had written on August 9, 1966, in which he reassured two University of Colorado administrators that they could expect the study to demonstrate that UFO observations had no basis in reality. McDonald, after locating a copy of the memo in the project's open files, wrote to Condon, quoting a few lines from it.
124:, convened for one day in February, 1966, and suggested UFO studies could be undertaken "in more detail and depth than had been possible to date" and that the U.S. Air Force should work "with a few selected universities to provide scientific teams" to study UFOs. The Committee suggested that about 100 well-documented UFO sightings should be studied annually, with about 10 man-days devoted to each case.
109:, the U.S. Air Force conducted formal studies of UFOs, a subject of considerable public and some governmental interest. Blue Book had come under increasing criticism in the 1960s. Growing numbers of critics—including U.S. politicians, newspaper writers, UFO researchers, scientists and some of the general public—were suggesting that Blue Book was conducting shoddy, unsupported research or perpetrating a
27:
433:
quarter of the cases examined." Hynek contended that "Condon did not understand the nature and scope of the problem" he was studying and objected to the idea that only extraterrestrial life could explain UFO activity. By focusing on this hypothesis, he wrote, the Report "did not try to establish whether UFOs really constituted a problem for the scientist, whether physical or social."
400:, Committee consultant Gerald Rothberg wrote that he had thoroughly investigated about 100 UFO cases, three or four of which left him puzzled. He thought that this "residue of unexplained reports legitimate scientific controversy." Critics charged that Condon's case summaries were inaccurate or misleading with enigmatic reports "buried" among the confirmed cases.
305:
extensive study of UFOs probably cannot be justified in the expectation that science will be advanced thereby." He also recommended against the creation of a government program to investigate UFO reports. He also described the problem that confronts the scientific community, that each scientist must evaluate the record for himself, and that the
256:, "Flying Saucer Fiasco", that presented interviews with Saunders and Levine, detailed the controversy, and described the project as a "$ 500,000 trick." Condon responded that the article contained "falsehoods and misrepresentations." Scientific and technical journals reported the controversy. Representative
198:, Dan Culbertson and James Wadsworth, a graduate student; chemist Roy Craig; electrical engineer Norman Levine and physicist Frederick Ayer. Several other scientists or experts served in part-time and temporary roles or as consultants. Public response to the Committee's announcement was generally positive
236:
In late
January 1967, Condon stated in a lecture that he thought the government should not study UFOs because the subject was 'nonsense', adding, "but I'm not supposed to reach that conclusion for another year." One NICAP member resigned from NICAP in protest and Saunders confronted Condon to express
784:
interviewed
Saunders and Levine, who reported that they were considering a libel suit against Condon for terminating them for alleged "incompetence." They said that Condon had used an "unscientific approach" in directing the Committee. Jacobs, 231. Condon said that calling his methods "unscientific"
348:
to "provide an independent assessment of the scope, the methodology, and the findings" of the
Committee. A panel chaired by Yale astronomer Gerald M. Clemence studied the Report for six weeks and concluded that "on the basis of present knowledge the least likely explanation of UFOs is the hypothesis
88:
The Report's conclusions received a mixed reception from scientists and academic journals. The report has been cited as a decisive factor in the generally low level of interest in UFO activity among academics since that time. According to a principal critic of the Report, it is "the most influential
432:
wrote that "The Condon Report settled nothing." He called Condon's introduction "singularly slanted" and wrote that it "avoided mentioning that there was embedded within the bowels of the report a remaining mystery; that the committee had been unable to furnish adequate explanations for more than a
267:
Some later critics of the
Committee's work saw little reason to make much of the memo. Committee member David Saunders wrote that "to present Low as a plotter or conspirator is unfair and hardly accurate." Project investigator Roy Craig's later wrote that the memo did not trouble him because Condon
182:
that the project had met the
University's acceptance threshold by the narrowest of margins and was accepted largely because it was difficult to say no to the Air Force. Some have suggested that finances were factor in Colorado's decision to accept the Air Force's offer of $ 313,000 for the project.
364:
The Report earned a mixed reception from scientists and academic journals, while receiving "almost universal praise from the news media". Many newspapers, magazines and journals which published approving reviews or editorials related to the Condon Report. Some compared any continued belief in UFOs
175:
and other government
Loyalty Boards in the 1940s and 1950s made him "almost legendary" among fellow scientists. On Condon's behalf, Robert J. Low, an assistant dean of the university's graduate program, explored faculty reaction to the proposed project and found it mixed and wary. He also tried to
389:
Critics made their case repeatedly without obtaining the government support they sought. One described the Report as "a rather unorganized compilation of independent articles on disparate subjects, a minority of which dealt with UFOs." Hynek described the Report as "a voluminous, rambling, poorly
378:
offered a generally positive review for the Condon Report, but wondered why so much effort had been expended on such a subject: "The
Colorado project is a monumental achievement, but one of perhaps misapplied ingenuity. It would doubtless be inapt to compare it with earlier centuries' attempts to
667:
was publicly supportive, but privately expressed fears that the Air Force would be controlling things from behind the scenes. That a scientist of Condon's standing would involve himself with UFO research heartened some academics who had long expressed interest in the subject, such as atmospheric
309:
s recommendation against further research "may not be true for all time." He advised that government agencies and private foundations "ought to be willing to consider UFO research proposals...on an open-minded, unprejudiced basis....ach individual case ought to be carefully considered on its own
304:
In his introductory "Conclusions and
Recommendations", Condon wrote: "Our general conclusion is that nothing has come from the study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to scientific knowledge. Careful consideration of the record as it is available to us leads us to conclude that further
291:
and written by
Saunders, it questioned whether the CIA wanted to divert public attention from UFOs. It used three cases to make the case for extraterrestrial activity. Project investigator Roy Craig later described each of the cases as "utter nonsense," "highly suspect," and unexplained but very
131:
defended the Air Force's UFO studies and repeated the O'Brien
Committee's call for more studies. Hynek repeated his call for "a civilian panel of physical and social scientists" to "examine the UFO problem critically for the express purpose of determining whether a major problem exists." Shortly
730:
would be, I think, to describe the project so that, to the public, it would appear a totally objective study but, to the scientific community, would present the image of a group of non-believers trying their best to be objective but having an almost zero expectation of finding a saucer." Craig,
300:
The Committee delivered its Report to the Air Force in November 1968, which released it in January 1969. The Report, 1,485 pages in hardcover and 965 pages in paperback, divided UFO cases into five categories: old UFO reports from before the Committee convened, new reports, photographic cases,
440:
wrote that "critical reviews...came from scientists who had actually carried out research in the UFO area, while the laudatory reviews came from scientists who had not carried out such research." As an example, Sturrock noted a case in which an allegedly supersonic UFO did not produce a
301:
radar/visual cases, and UFOs reported by astronauts. Some UFO cases fell into multiple categories. Condon authored 6 pages of "conclusions and recommendations," a 43-page "summary," and a 50-page history of UFO phenomena and research over the preceding twenty years.
707:
of light emitted by UFOs. This had been attempted some fifteen years earlier following a specific suggestion regarding UFOs made by Joseph Kaplan in 1954, but was quickly judged impractical after a number of such cameras were distributed to Air Force bases. Hynek,
658:
Jacobs, 225, "optimism on all sides". Hynek characterized Condon's perspective towards UFOs as "basically negative", but he also assumed the Condon's opinions would change once he familiarized himself with evidence in some of the more puzzling UFO cases.
407:
called the Report "inadequate" and said "it represents an examination of only a tiny fraction of the most puzzling UFO reports of the past two decades, and that its level of scientific argumentation is wholly unsatisfactory." In a 1969 issue of the
113:. The Air Force did not want to continue its studies but did not want a cessation of studies to provoke additional cover-up charges. UFOs had become so controversial that no other government agency was willing to take on further UFO studies.
726:"Our study would be conducted almost entirely by non-believers who, though they couldn't possibly prove a negative result, could and probably would add an impressive body of thick evidence that there is no reality to the observations. The
341:: "In conclusion, although conventional or natural explanations certainly cannot be ruled out, the probability of such seems low in this case and the probability that at least one genuine UFO was involved appears to be fairly high."
419:
generally agreed with Condon's suggestion that little of value had been uncovered by scientific UFO studies, but "did not find a basis in the report for prediction that nothing of scientific value will come of further studies."
369:, the official publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, said "The Colorado Study is unquestionably the most thorough and sophisticated investigation of the nebulous UFO phenomenon ever conducted."
385:
headlined its coverage: "U.F.O. Finding: No Visits From Afar." The article said the project's final report on U.F.O.s "has uncovered no evidence that they are intelligently guided spacecraft from beyond the earth."
314:
noted that there were gaps in scientific knowledge in the fields of "atmospheric optics, including radio wave propagation, and of atmospheric electricity" that might benefit from further research in the UFO field.
2241:
1392:
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calculate how many angels could balance on the point of a pin; it is more like taking a sledgehammer to crack a nut, except that the nuts will be quite immune to its impact." On January 8, 1969, the
272:
that the memo's description of the Project as emphasizing the "psychology and sociology" of those who report UFO sightings showed how completely Low misunderstood the Project when he wrote the memo.
264:
article raised "grave doubts as to the scientific profundity and objectivity of the project." He held a hearing dominated by critics of the Project. Low resigned from the Project in May 1968.
252:
In response to the memo, on April 30, 1968, NICAP severed its ties with the Committee and Keyhoe circulated copies of Low's memo. Press coverage included an article in the May 1968 issue of
837:
Saunders and Harkins, 128–129. Hynek wrote that Low "wanted his university to get the contract...and to convince the university administration that they should take it." Hynek, pp. ?
394:, Robert L. M. Baker, Jr. wrote that the Condon Committee's Report "seems to justify scientific investigation along many general and specialized frontiers." In the December 1969 issue of
171:
In the summer of 1966, Condon agreed to consider the Air Force's offer. He was among the best known and most distinguished scientists of his time. Condon's tenacious encounters with the
136:
to undertake a study of UFOs. The Air Force wanted to have several groups, but it took some time to find even a single school willing to accept the Air Force's offer. Both Hynek and
120:
wrote a letter to the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (AFSAB) suggesting that a panel convene to re-examine Blue Book. The AFSAB agreed and the committee it formed, chaired by
1058:
751:, accessed May 25, 2011. Fuller was a journalist identified with those who found UFO sightings credible, the author of a 1966 work on a sighting. Craig, 204–206. John G. Fuller,
2062:
190:
as co-principal investigators. The Air Force announced its selection of Condon and the University of Colorado in October 1966. Other Committee members included astronomer
283:
Scientists who anticipated the Committee would recommend against continued government UFO research rushed their own refutation into print in advance of the Committee's
183:
Condon dismissed this suggestion, noting that $ 313,000 was a rather modest budget for an undertaking scheduled to last more than a year with a staff of over a dozen.
793:, Condon first promised to grant an interview, but then declined. He resigned from the AAAS in protest when the article was published without his input. Jacobs, 233.
280:
Despite the withdrawal of NICAP from the Project, members of its Early Warning Network continued to report sightings to the investigators, as did journalists.
89:
public document concerning the scientific status of this UFO problem. Hence, all current scientific work on the UFO problem must refer to the Condon Report".
2110:
74:
186:
On October 6, 1966, the University of Colorado agreed to undertake the UFO study, with Condon as director, Low as coordinator, and Saunders and astronomer
582:, 292. Hynek had a long association with the Air Force, McDonald was pro-UFO and Menzel anti-UFO. Several universities declined to participate, including
786:
416:
349:
of extraterrestrial visitations by intelligent beings" and that "no high priority in UFO investigations is warranted by data of the past two decades."
1713:
225:, briefed the panel. They agreed to share NICAP's research files and to improve the collection of UFO reports. The Committee also secured help from
2130:
2423:
2332:
365:
with the belief that the earth is flat. Others predicted that interest in UFOs would wane and in a few generations be only dimly remembered.
2418:
1742:
595:
205:, commented: "If Dr. Condon and his associates come up with anything less than the little green men from Mars, they will be crucified."
1653:
345:
882:
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assume that a more advanced civilization could not find some way at traveling with supersonic speeds without producing a sonic boom."
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2105:
2286:
2140:
1382:
157:
2011:
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organized" and wrote that "less than half...was addressed to the investigation of UFO reports." In the April 14, 1969 issue of
226:
78:
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2281:
1747:
591:
172:
1127:
2441:
2145:
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1613:
1387:
121:
1950:
1939:
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128:
30:
Mass-market paperback edition of the Condon Report, published by New York Times/Bantam Books (January, 1969), 965 pages.
1955:
1498:
587:
482:
2266:
531:
487:
195:
165:
47:
237:
his concern that NICAP's withdrawal would eliminate a valuable source of case files and produce damaging publicity.
1508:
806:
to investigate the study, which the GAO declined to do. Philip M. Boffey, "UFO Project: Trouble on the Ground," in
268:
had not known of the Low memo for eighteen months and it did not reflect his views. Condon wrote in the Project's
2402:
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1277:
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1402:
1350:
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338:
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1493:
1125:
James E. McDonald, "Science in Default – Twenty-Two Years of Inadequate UFO Investigations" December 27, 1969
1915:
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51:
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1708:
1167:, 1968 Statement of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Subcommittee on UFOs
81:(APRO), and investigating sightings reported during the life of the Project, the Committee produced a
2344:
2276:
1795:
1673:
1638:
1568:
1563:
1233:
The Biological Universe: The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science
803:
1428:
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1845:
1830:
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1593:
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1945:
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43:
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145:
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1971:
1633:
1628:
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1558:
1473:
1458:
458:
176:
reassure those who found the enterprise unworthy of scientific investigation. Low told the
8:
1800:
1603:
1397:
1103:
700:
391:
191:
2349:
2161:
2046:
1523:
1371:
1298:
1212:
Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind: Alien Abduction, UFOs and the Conference at M.I.T.
583:
381:
327:
153:
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was itself libelous, and in turn threatened to sue Saunders and Levine. When the
322:
detailed 59 case studies, though for legal reasons their locations were changed.
257:
218:
20:
883:
Walter Sullivan, "UFO Verdict: Believers Find It Unbelievable," January 12, 1969
85:
that said the study of UFOs was unlikely to yield major scientific discoveries.
2307:
2080:
1683:
1488:
1207:
989:
740:
429:
117:
102:
699:
One Committee member suggested filming UFOs using stereo cameras mounted with
2456:
2219:
2041:
1986:
1976:
1291:
753:
Incident at Exeter: The Story of Unidentified Flying Objects Over America Now
664:
396:
214:
161:
149:
116:
Following a wave of UFO reports in 1965, astronomer and Blue Book consultant
55:
1059:"U. F. O. Finding: No Visits From Afar; U.F.O. Finding: No Visits From Afar"
496:
2374:
2236:
2120:
2075:
2021:
996:, 1968, Final Report of the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects
704:
98:
1011:
Review of the University of Colorado Report on Unidentified Flying Objects
632:
Saunders and Harkins, 29. Total funding later rose above $ 500,000. Dick,
2327:
1981:
1785:
1737:
1553:
1240:
UFOs and the National Security State: Chronology of a Cover-up 1941–1973,
178:
337:
Notably in Case 02 in Section IV, Chapter 2 the report said of the 1956
2424:
Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)
2231:
2026:
442:
133:
789:
covered the Committee controversy in an issue of its official journal
132:
after the hearing, the Air Force announced it was seeking one or more
2322:
2226:
2186:
1273:
127:
At a Congressional UFO hearing on April 5, 1966, Air Force Secretary
26:
1200:, Edward U. Condon, Scientific Director, Daniel S. Gillmor, Editor,
1013:
by a Panel of the National Academy of Sciences, 1969; Craig, 236–238
1198:
Final Report of the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects
152:. All were judged too closely allied with one position or another.
110:
1154:
which suggested UFOs should be debunked to reduce public interest.
2214:
2111:
National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956–1980)
1325:
645:
Appendix X: Authors and Editors, Staff of the Colorado Project,
2337:
1204:, accessed May 25, 2011; paperback edition, Bantam Books, 1968
1201:
483:"An Analysis of the Condon Report on the Colorado UFO Project"
660:
222:
2131:
Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012)
2063:
Investigation of UFO reports by the United States government
352:
In response to the Report's findings, the Air Force closed
69:
After examining hundreds of UFO files from the Air Force's
1226:
UFOs: An Insider's View of the Official Quest for Evidence
873:
Craig, 228–233. David R. Saunders and R. Roger Harkins,
344:
Even before its completion, the Air Force had asked the
1283:
1150:, accessed May 25, 2011. Page had been a member of the
819:
Craig, 241–244. Roush later joined the board of NICAP.
330:, in his introduction to the published version of the
1261:
The UFO Enigma: A New Review of the Physical Evidence
75:
National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena
810:, New Series, vol. 161, no. 3839, July 26, 1968, 341
787:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
356:, established in March 1952, on December 17, 1969.
2141:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (current)
1219:The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial
524:The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial
417:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
1254:UFO's? Yes! Where the Condon Committee Went Wrong
875:UFO's? Yes! Where the Condon Committee Went Wrong
2454:
60:Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects
2419:United States Congress hearings on UFOs (2022)
1299:
1267:
596:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1306:
1292:
1179:
1148:, Vol. 37, No. 10, October 1969, 1071–1072
893:
891:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
58:. The result of its work, formally titled
606:
604:
1393:1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund
1383:1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg
1252:David R. Saunders and R. Roger Harkins,
1100:The UFO Report: Condon Study Falls Short
567:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry
477:
158:National Center for Atmospheric Research
25:
1228:(University of North Texas Press, 1995)
888:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
503:
240:
2455:
1529:Barney and Betty Hill abduction (1961)
1235:(NY: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
759:as interested parties, see Craig, 240.
601:
569:, Henry Regnery Company, 1972, 192–244
79:Aerial Phenomena Research Organization
1287:
592:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
213:In November 1966, retired USMC Major
173:House Unamerican Activities Committee
1388:1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel
1048:, Volume 221, March 8, 1969, 899–900
546:
423:
295:
13:
2086:Flying Saucer Working Party (1950)
1743:High-altitude object events (2023)
1372:Ezekiel's Wheel (circa 622–570 BC)
588:University of California, Berkeley
526:, Visible Ink, 1998, pp. 593–604,
148:, and others suggested astronomer
40:University of Colorado UFO Project
16:University of Colorado UFO Project
14:
2479:
2146:NASA's UAP independent study team
1165:UFO – An Appraisal of the Problem
990:"Case 2: USAF/RAF Radar Sighting"
755:(NY: Putnam, 1966). On Fullr and
488:Journal of Scientific Exploration
208:
160:, and Menzel suggested physicist
73:and from the civilian UFO groups
54:under the direction of physicist
2468:UFO culture in the United States
2437:
2436:
1249:, Indiana University Press, 1975
201:When the Project was announced,
2403:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1584:John Lennon UFO incident (1974)
1398:José Bonilla observation (1883)
1170:
1157:
1137:
1118:
1109:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1051:
1038:
1029:
1026:, 274, 278, 307; Craig, 235–236
1016:
999:
983:
974:
965:
953:
941:
925:
916:
904:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
796:
771:
762:
734:
720:
711:
693:
684:
675:
652:
275:
2136:Identification studies of UFOs
1614:Valentich disappearance (1978)
1599:Petrozavodsk phenomenon (1977)
1479:McMinnville photographs (1950)
1351:List of reported UFO sightings
1247:The UFO Controversy in America
639:
626:
617:
572:
537:
471:
359:
339:Lakenheath-Bentwaters incident
140:suggested their own campuses,
1:
2096:Project Blue Book (1952–1970)
1776:Aztec, New Mexico hoax (1949)
1771:Twin Falls, Idaho hoax (1947)
1624:Robert Taylor incident (1979)
1589:Travis Walton incident (1975)
1534:Lonnie Zamora incident (1964)
1429:Ă„ngelholm UFO memorial (1946)
465:
92:
38:was the informal name of the
2463:Government responses to UFOs
1639:Cash–Landrum incident (1980)
1539:Solway Firth Spaceman (1964)
1514:Lakenheath-Bentwaters (1956)
877:, (World Publishing, 1968);
780:reprinted Low's memo, while
403:In December 1969, physicist
346:National Academy of Sciences
310:merits." In particular, the
7:
2398:List of scientific skeptics
2126:Project Condign (1997–2000)
2069:The Flying Saucers Are Real
1629:Val Johnson incident (1979)
1579:Pascagoula Abduction (1973)
1146:American Journal of Physics
1102:, Robert L. M. Baker, Jr.,
1044:"A Sledgehammer for Nuts",
452:
445:. He notes that "we should
410:American Journal of Physics
372:The March 8, 1969 issue of
231:extraterrestrial hypothesis
52:unidentified flying objects
10:
2484:
2091:Project Magnet (1950–1962)
1748:David Grusch claims (2023)
1519:AntĂ´nio Villas Boas (1957)
1268:External links and Sources
1191:
802:Jacobs, 233. He asked the
743:, "Flying Saucer Fiasco,"
18:
2432:
2411:
2390:
2362:
2300:
2257:
2250:
2205:
2154:
2116:Condon Report (1966–1968)
2055:
2010:
1964:
1813:
1796:Alien Autopsy (1995 film)
1756:
1692:
1609:Zanfretta incident (1978)
1509:Kelly–Hopkinsville (1955)
1416:
1364:
1343:
1334:
1321:
804:General Accounting Office
46:from 1966 to 1968 at the
1766:Maury Island hoax (1947)
1664:Voronezh incident (1989)
1649:Trans-en-Provence (1981)
1644:Rendlesham Forest (1980)
1574:Finnish Air Force (1969)
1504:Flatwoods monster (1952)
1356:Sightings in outer space
1313:
1256:, World Publishing, 1968
1106:, April 14, 1969, p. 41.
690:Saunders and Harkins, 77
623:Saunders and Harkins, 33
543:Saunders and Harkins, 25
42:, a group funded by the
19:Not to be confused with
2014:extraterrestrial beings
1781:Southern England (1967)
1709:Campeche, Mexico (2004)
1669:Belgian UFO wave (1990)
1499:Washington, D.C. (1952)
1494:Nash-Fortenberry (1952)
1377:Airship of Clonmacnoise
1214:, Alfred A. Knopf, 1995
1144:Thornton Page, review,
1134:, accessed May 25, 2011
885:, accessed July 5, 2011
495:(1): 75. Archived from
142:Northwestern University
97:Beginning in 1947 with
44:United States Air Force
2101:Robertson Panel (1953)
1654:Japan Air Lines (1986)
1619:Kaikoura Lights (1978)
1469:Gorman Dogfight (1948)
1403:Airship wave (1896–97)
1245:David Michael Jacobs,
1130:July 16, 2011, at the
703:in order to study the
415:In November 1970, the
166:University of Colorado
48:University of Colorado
31:
2121:Institute 22 (1978–?)
2106:Ruppelt report (1956)
2081:Project Grudge (1949)
1791:Gulf Breeze (1987–88)
1738:Jetpack man (2020–21)
1714:O'Hare Airport (2006)
1684:Phoenix Lights (1997)
1604:Operação Prato (1977)
1489:Lubbock Lights (1951)
1464:Chiles-Whitted (1948)
1434:Kenneth Arnold (1947)
146:University of Arizona
29:
2412:Government & Law
2333:Government responses
1814:Sightings by country
1733:UFO incidents (2014)
1274:Condon Report online
1263:, Warner Books, 1999
846:Craig, 200, 202, 227
701:diffraction gratings
241:Low memo controversy
101:, which then became
66:, appeared in 1968.
2207:Conspiracy theories
2197:Trotskyist-Posadism
2076:Project Sign (1948)
2047:Reptilian humanoids
1704:UFO incident (2004)
1674:Ariel School (1994)
1569:Jimmy Carter (1969)
1564:Shag Harbour (1967)
1259:Peter A. Sturrock,
1221:, Visible Ink, 1998
1104:Scientific Research
782:Scientific Research
778:Industrial Research
392:Scientific Research
192:William K. Hartmann
62:, and known as the
2162:Ancient astronauts
1786:Majestic 12 (1985)
1731:Theodore Roosevelt
1659:Ilkley Moor (1987)
1559:Falcon Lake (1967)
1424:Los Angeles (1942)
1238:Richard M. Dolan,
1063:The New York Times
584:Harvard University
196:Michael Wertheimer
156:, director of the
154:Walter Orr Roberts
32:
2450:
2449:
2358:
2357:
2313:Cattle mutilation
2167:Cryptoterrestrial
1809:
1808:
1801:Morristown (2009)
1444:Flight 105 (1947)
1336:Claimed sightings
670:James E. McDonald
479:Sturrock, Peter A
461:, Canada, 1950–54
438:Peter A. Sturrock
424:Principal critics
405:James E. McDonald
354:Project Blue Book
247:James E. McDonald
188:Franklin E. Roach
138:James E. McDonald
107:Project Blue Book
71:Project Blue Book
2475:
2440:
2439:
2259:Abduction claims
2255:
2254:
2177:Interdimensional
2172:Extraterrestrial
2037:Little green men
2012:Types of alleged
1758:Confirmed hoaxes
1549:Kecksburg (1965)
1524:Levelland (1957)
1365:Pre-20th century
1341:
1340:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1231:Steven J. Dick,
1202:available online
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1135:
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811:
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769:
766:
760:
749:available online
747:, May 14, 1968,
738:
732:
724:
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709:
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673:
656:
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621:
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608:
599:
576:
570:
565:Hynek, J. Allen,
563:
544:
541:
535:
520:
501:
500:
475:
296:Committee Report
194:; psychologists
36:Condon Committee
2483:
2482:
2478:
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2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2428:
2407:
2386:
2354:
2318:Close encounter
2296:
2246:
2201:
2150:
2051:
2013:
2006:
2002:Space jellyfish
1997:Mystery airship
1992:Green fireballs
1960:
1805:
1752:
1719:Alderney (2007)
1688:
1679:Varginha (1996)
1412:
1360:
1330:
1317:
1312:
1270:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1152:Robertson Panel
1142:
1138:
1132:Wayback Machine
1123:
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1080:
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950:, 4; Craig, 224
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721:
717:Jacobs, 228–230
716:
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547:
542:
538:
522:Clark, Jerome,
521:
504:
476:
472:
468:
455:
436:Astrophysicist
426:
362:
328:Walter Sullivan
326:science editor
298:
278:
258:J. Edward Roush
243:
219:Richard H. Hall
211:
95:
24:
21:Project Condign
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2209:
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2200:
2199:
2194:
2192:Time-traveller
2189:
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2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
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2143:
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2050:
2049:
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2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Black triangle
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:United Kingdom
1948:
1943:
1940:Canary Islands
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
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1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Czech Republic
1868:
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1843:
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1828:
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1811:
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1656:
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1641:
1636:
1634:Manises (1979)
1631:
1626:
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1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
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1561:
1556:
1554:Westall (1966)
1551:
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1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1474:Mariana (1950)
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:Mantell (1948)
1456:
1451:
1449:Roswell (1947)
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
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1414:
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1264:
1257:
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1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1217:Jerome Clark,
1215:
1208:C. D. B. Bryan
1205:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1156:
1136:
1117:
1108:
1092:
1083:
1081:Craig, 249–250
1074:
1050:
1037:
1028:
1015:
998:
982:
980:Craig, 218–224
973:
964:
952:
940:
924:
915:
903:
887:
879:New York Times
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
795:
770:
761:
741:John G. Fuller
733:
719:
710:
692:
683:
674:
651:
638:
625:
616:
600:
571:
545:
536:
502:
499:on 2012-07-17.
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
459:Project Magnet
454:
451:
430:J. Allen Hynek
425:
422:
382:New York Times
361:
358:
324:New York Times
297:
294:
277:
274:
245:In July 1967,
242:
239:
210:
209:Committee work
207:
118:J. Allen Hynek
103:Project Grudge
94:
91:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2345:Organizations
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2249:
2243:
2242:Project Serpo
2240:
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2221:
2220:Storm Area 51
2218:
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2072:
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2066:
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2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Nordic aliens
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Energy beings
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Ghost rockets
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Flying saucer
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:Types of UFOs
1963:
1957:
1956:United States
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
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1932:
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1927:
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1755:
1749:
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1724:Norway (2009)
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1597:
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1594:Tehran (1976)
1592:
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1577:
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1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
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1557:
1555:
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1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Exeter (1965)
1542:
1540:
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1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
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1517:
1515:
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1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
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1487:
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1484:Sperry (1950)
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:Rhodes (1947)
1452:
1450:
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1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
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1419:
1415:
1409:
1408:Aurora (1897)
1406:
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1216:
1213:
1209:
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1199:
1196:
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1182:
1173:
1166:
1163:UFO Evidence:
1160:
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665:Donald Keyhoe
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532:1-57859-029-9
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397:Physics Today
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215:Donald Keyhoe
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162:Edward Condon
159:
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150:Donald Menzel
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122:Brian O'Brien
119:
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84:
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76:
72:
67:
65:
64:Condon Report
61:
57:
56:Edward Condon
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
28:
22:
2328:Crop circles
2287:Perspectives
2237:Men in black
2182:Psychosocial
2115:
2068:
1825:South Africa
1730:
1701:
1693:21st century
1417:20th century
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1197:
1185:Sturrock, 40
1181:
1176:Sturrock, 46
1172:
1159:
1145:
1139:
1120:
1111:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1006:
1001:
985:
976:
967:
960:Final Report
959:
955:
948:Final Report
947:
943:
935:
932:Final Report
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647:Final Report
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497:the original
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285:Final Report
284:
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276:Final months
270:Final Report
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177:
170:
134:universities
129:Harold Brown
126:
115:
105:and finally
99:Project Sign
96:
87:
83:Final Report
82:
77:(NICAP) and
68:
63:
59:
39:
35:
33:
2251:Involvement
2071:(1947–1950)
2027:Grey aliens
1982:Foo fighter
1916:New Zealand
1224:Roy Craig,
1115:Jacobs, 241
1090:Jacobs, 240
934:, 5; Dick,
768:Jacobs, 231
708:pp. ??
649:, 1433–1438
428:Astronomer
360:Assessments
289:UFO's? Yes!
179:Denver Post
2457:Categories
2391:Skepticism
2350:Ufologists
2232:Dulce Base
2155:Hypotheses
2032:Insectoids
1439:1947 craze
1068:2024-04-19
1035:Craig, 238
1024:Biological
1007:Biological
971:Craig, 217
936:Biological
922:Craig, 224
899:Biological
864:Craig, 202
855:Craig, 226
828:Craig, 207
681:Craig, 250
668:physicist
634:Biological
612:Biological
580:Biological
466:References
443:sonic boom
221:, both of
203:The Nation
93:Background
2375:Religions
2323:Contactee
2292:Insurance
2282:Narrative
2277:Claimants
2227:Bob Lazar
2187:Nazi UFOs
1891:Indonesia
1841:Australia
1836:Argentina
287:. Called
260:said the
50:to study
2442:Category
2308:Implants
2272:Entities
1128:Archived
705:spectrum
594:and the
481:(1987).
453:See also
144:and the
111:cover up
2370:Fiction
2363:Culture
2267:History
2215:Area 51
2056:Studies
1851:Belgium
1846:Belarus
1831:Albania
1344:General
1326:Ufology
1192:Sources
1009:, 302;
808:Science
791:Science
731:194–195
367:Science
307:Report'
233:(ETH).
164:of the
2338:GEIPAN
1946:Sweden
1931:Russia
1926:Poland
1921:Norway
1906:Mexico
1881:Greece
1876:France
1861:Canada
1856:Brazil
1821:Africa
1702:Nimitz
1379:(740s)
1046:Nature
1022:Dick,
1005:Dick,
897:Dick,
610:Dick,
590:, the
586:, the
578:Dick,
530:
375:Nature
332:Report
320:Report
312:Report
292:weak.
2301:Other
1936:Spain
1911:Nepal
1901:Italy
1886:India
1866:China
994:Staff
938:, 300
901:, 299
728:trick
661:NICAP
636:, 293
614:, 292
223:NICAP
2380:list
1896:Iran
1729:USS
1700:USS
1315:UFOs
1242:2002
757:Look
745:Look
528:ISBN
318:The
262:Look
254:Look
227:APRO
217:and
34:The
1278:pdf
992:by
962:, 5
913:, 2
663:'s
447:not
2459::
1210:,
1061:.
890:^
881::
603:^
548:^
505:^
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493:1
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