122:
213:, the curved shapes often used for concrete shells are naturally strong structures, allowing wide areas to be spanned without the use of internal supports, giving an open, unobstructed interior. The use of concrete as a building material reduces both materials cost and construction costs, as concrete is relatively inexpensive and easily cast into compound curves. Steel is often used in conjunction with concrete to reinforce the structure. The resulting structure may be immensely strong and safe; modern
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Monolithic domes are cast in one piece out of reinforced concrete and date back to the 1960s. Advocates of these domes consider them to be cost-effective and durable structures, especially suitable for areas prone to natural disasters. They also point out the ease of maintenance of these buildings.
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Since concrete is a porous material, concrete domes often have issues with sealing. If not treated, rainwater can seep through the roof and leak into the interior of the building. On the other hand, the seamless construction of concrete domes prevents air from escaping, and can lead to buildup of
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may be constructed from concrete sections, or may be constructed of a lightweight foam with a layer of concrete applied over the top. The advantage of this method is that each section of the dome is small and easily handled. The layer of concrete applied to the outside bonds the dome into a
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Shells may be cast in place, or pre-cast off site and moved into place and assembled. The strongest form of shell is the monolithic shell, which is cast as a single unit. The most common monolithic form is the dome, but ellipsoids and cylinders (resembling concrete
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at its centre. A monolithic structure, it appears to have been sculpted in place by applying thin layers on top of each other in decreasing diameter. Massively thick at the bottom and thinning (with aerated volcanic
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Thin concrete shell buildings became popular in Post Second World War France because of the cost effectiveness of using minimal quantities of concrete. Examples at Royan include the
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was the world's first (and only) concrete-domed multi-purpose stadium. It was completed in 1976 and demolished in 2000. The
Kingdome was constructed of triangular segments of
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in Wrocław, Poland from 1913). The design of the new building, by Max
Abramovitz, called for the construction of one of the world’s largest edge-supported structures. See
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Most concrete shell structures are roofs. Concrete shell construction techniques are well suited for complex curves and are also used to build
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reinforced concrete, and in many cases lack any ribs or additional reinforcing structures, relying wholly on the shell structure itself.
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condensation on the inside of the shell. Shingling or sealants are common solutions to the problem of exterior moisture, and
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457:"An Overview of Historical and Contemporary Concrete Shells, Their Construction and Factors in Their General Disappearance"
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270:, was completed about AD 125, and is still standing. It has a massive concrete dome 43m in diameter, with an
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sections, or some combination thereof. The first concrete shell dates back to the 2nd century.
354:, located in Champaign, Illinois was and is the first ever concrete-domed arena (see also the
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758:"Florence Duomo project (1420–1436): Learning best project management practice from history"
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as part of the concrete mix) at the top, the
Pantheon is a remarkable feat of engineering.
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Monolithic domes can be built as homes, office buildings, or for other purposes.
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Design principles and analysis of thin concrete shells, domes and folders
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that were cast in place. Thick ribs provided additional support.
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Cassinello, P.; Schlaich, M.; Torroja, J. A. (2010-09-01).
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Structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete
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MacDonald, William L. (William Lloyd), 1921- (2002).
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957:'s Kresge Auditorium, both concrete dome structures.
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714:Masi, F.; Stefanou, I.; Vannucci, P. (2018-06-01).
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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667:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
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536:"Reinforced Concrete Thin Shell Structures"
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266:The oldest known concrete shell, the
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227:1985 Mexico City earthquake
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473:10.1260/0266-3511.30.1.1
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262:Historic concrete shells
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726:: 259–273.
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442:References
223:hurricanes
221:withstood
205:Advantages
183:boat hulls
167:ellipsoids
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129:, Valencia
69:newspapers
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