227:
379:
480:
871:
265:
ticket, as well as a number of smaller ones. Initially rejected by
Yrigoyen's supporters and moderates alike, National Democrats openly defended the 1930 coup, arguing that the country's social, economic and institutional fabric had been at risk of unraveling. Their opposition initially rallied
281:, who was not from the landed oligarchy to which most Concordance leaders belonged, and had been President Alvear's War Minister. Uriburu employed less pretense, however, and established the Argentine Civic Legion, an armed
499:" to remove opposition governors, had become routine in Argentine politics; indeed, the deposed Yrigoyen ordered no less than 18 gubernatorial removals during his tenure (including numerous ones from his own party).
529:
Justo sought a patina of legitimacy over his government, and made a gentlemen's agreement with Alvear in 1935, whereby the UCR leader could return to
Argentina and campaign for the presidency on fair terms. The
1047:
972:
918:
266:
behind Alvear's UCR Renewal Front. Uriburu, however, had him deported, and with his supporters' boycott of the election, opposition to the
Concordance organized behind the Civil Alliance (the
1073:
1103:
1078:
928:
235:
936:
856:
834:
1042:
1123:
591:
923:
534:, however, included the names of so many deceased that, according to one observer, "democracy was extended to the hereafter," and the Concordance candidate,
849:
514:, the arrest of voting precinct officials, and violence were not employed to guarantee Concordance majorities, results could be annulled (as occurred in
1278:
359:
for a coup against
Yrigoyen). The regime's economic policies were more pragmatic than these ties might have suggested, however, and reflected both
1268:
1273:
864:
842:
554:
1012:
1293:
789:
1232:
1068:
495:(PDP), was repeatedly denied victories at the provincial and congressional level alike. Certain abuses, such as the use of presidential "
1263:
1158:
1288:
1083:
492:
267:
219:, a retired general and member of the Supreme War Council, to assume the role of Provisional President. The ailing Uriburu called
1037:
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285:
organization, to intimidate the opposition. Amid widespread irregularities, Justo was elected, and took office in
February 1932.
119:
1002:
865:
134:
334:, founders of the splinter Independent Socialist Party, were appointed ministers of Agriculture and the Economy, respectively.
1052:
946:
406:
262:
111:
588:
1242:
1027:
448:
with ties to the government were left unregulated, and national interests were to some extent subordinated to those of the
230:
Generals
Uriburu and Justo formed the Concordance with right-wing politicians who shared their distrust of the electorate.
1188:
1032:
1178:
1022:
1098:
1148:
1143:
1007:
992:
913:
522:, the nation's two largest at the time). At least one political assassination took place, as well (that of Senator
553:. The rhetoric used in its defense caused the policy to become known by a term of bitter humor coined by activist
531:
220:
293:
483:
Though founded by agrarian interests, the
Concordance encouraged industrialization, and courted the labor vote.
472:, of any Argentine surpluses earned in the bilateral trade, while freeing restrictions on the repatriation of
1017:
364:
820:
549:
of 1912, was openly defended by numerous
Concordance figures, who believed it to be the only alternative to
1193:
1138:
1113:
967:
893:
735:
297:
80:
226:
203:(UCR) through frequent interventions against unwillful governors and had set business powerhouses such as
752:
441:
271:
625:
569:
1128:
417:
and other spending were, likewise, reversed. The
National Highway Bureau, commodity Regulatory Boards (
394:
243:
641:
1183:
898:
422:
251:
1283:
977:
903:
382:
The new headquarters of the
Ministry of Public Works reflected an emphasis on development projects.
1173:
1108:
908:
572:(who, like Castillo, represented feudal interests), resulted in the former's military overthrow.
216:
433:
exceeded that of agriculture for the first time in the historically agrarian country's history.
115:
1153:
784:
311:
242:) became divided by the 1930 coup. Opponents of the coup itself would support former President
139:
535:
167:
1237:
987:
768:
515:
386:
344:
261:
Enjoying President Uriburu's support, the Concordance did not run as such, but rather on the
129:
97:
1093:
1088:
453:
360:
254:(PAN) that had controlled Argentine politics from 1874 to 1916) following a meeting in the
1198:
192:
8:
1133:
997:
589:
https://www.educ.ar/recursos/70597/la-cuestion-politica-entre-1930-y-1943/download/inline
546:
460:
barriers applied to other suppliers', penalized local competitors of the Anglo-Argentine
425:
were established. The economy recovered from the depression, albeit slowly, and by 1943,
378:
258:
in downtown Buenos Aires, and the resulting agreement became known as the "Concordance."
200:
101:
163:
511:
479:
409:
guided these and other domestic policies, including a more conciliatory stance towards
356:
310:, the Antipersonalist leader, was handed the powerful Interior Ministry, which oversaw
250:. These latter, in turn, joined Conservative and Democratic leaders (successors of the
212:
196:
92:
211:, the state-owned oil concern founded in 1922. Staging its first coup since 1861, the
538:, was handily elected. One of the beneficiaries of the system, Buenos Aires Governor
519:
402:
327:
234:
Yrigoyen's opponents within the UCR during the 1920s, who referred to themselves as "
561:
317:
171:
1168:
1163:
1118:
523:
368:
352:
239:
288:
Much of Justo's cabinet reflected the alliances that had created the Concordance:
278:
37:
1227:
1214:
888:
793:
595:
507:
503:
491:
in numerous ways. The chief party in opposition in the regime's early years, the
469:
437:
331:
175:
565:
449:
255:
542:, was himself removed by President Ortiz at the behest of ultraconservatives.
16:
Center-right political party in Argentina during the Infamous Decade (1931-43)
1257:
539:
488:
473:
457:
430:
307:
301:
247:
47:
736:
Intervenciones federales durante la primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen
496:
414:
398:
348:
204:
85:
73:
426:
410:
390:
304:, and had led the Democratic Party. He would now serve as Vice President.
238:" (in reference to their belief that the populist leader was advancing a
195:
on September 6, 1930. His country's first leader elected via secret male
413:
than had been expected when Uriburu left office. Uriburu's deep cuts in
246:, while more conservative UCR figures supported former Senate President
550:
324:
landowner and old-line PAN Conservative, was named Minister of Justice.
321:
560:
The Concordance administration ended when, on June 4, 1943, President
870:
452:. Among the era's most controversial policies in this regard was the
174:
were in power from 1931 to 1943, a period known in Argentina as the "
159:
982:
445:
277:
Melo and other Concordance chose as their standard-bearer General
282:
809:
The Province of Buenos Aires and Argentine Politics, 1912-1943.
465:
314:
and the administration of elections, among other key functions.
215:, then dominated by conservative, rural interests, called on
440:
for traditionally powerful interests in Argentina, however.
393:, to discourage the import of consumer goods, and to secure
461:
661:. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Morales y políticas, 2004.
397:
with nations best positioned to supply Argentina with the
199:, Yrigoyen had strained alliances within his own centrist
372:
347:
interests, and owed its existence in no small measure to
208:
1053:
Justicialist Front for National Liberation (FREJULI)
1013:
Revolutionary and Popular Indo-american Front (FRIP)
866:
Former political parties and alliances in Argentina
1084:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education (ALIANZA)
609:"El golpe de 1930: De la UCR a los conservadores"
502:The Concordance regime resorted to unprecedented
1255:
770:Historia Politica: Antipersonalismo en Santa Fe
545:This practice, made explicitly illegal by the
436:The Concordance administration also practiced
343:The Concordance was organized by leaders with
850:
151:
375:fell by one fourth between 1929 and 1932).
186:
1099:Front for a Country in Solidarity (FREPASO)
1028:Socialist Party of the National Left (PSIN)
726:. University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
857:
843:
363:, as well as a priority on recovering the
191:A coup d'état deposed the aging President
1104:Argentines for a Republic of Equals (ARI)
1023:Argentine Socialist Vanguard Party (PSAV)
748:
746:
1279:Political parties disestablished in 1943
998:Radical Civic Union of the People (UCRP)
478:
377:
225:
993:Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI)
718:
716:
689:
687:
685:
389:policies were formulated to reduce the
1269:Defunct political parties in Argentina
1256:
1018:Union of the Argentine People (UDELPA)
973:Radical Civic Union (Junta Renovadora)
743:
671:
669:
667:
606:
476:earned by British firms in Argentina.
464:service, and mandated the deposit, in
456:, which exempted British imports from
1274:Political parties established in 1931
919:National Autonomist Party (Modernist)
838:
697:University of California Press, 1987.
679:University of California Press, 1993.
635:
607:Romero, Luis Alberto (23 June 2019).
407:import substitution industrialization
1079:Autonomist-Liberal Pact (Corrientes)
1048:Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APR)
713:
700:
682:
300:was the son of the late PAN leader,
162:. Three presidents belonging to it,
1294:1943 disestablishments in Argentina
664:
221:general elections for November 1931
207:against him through his support of
13:
1243:Argentine active political parties
724:The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism
14:
1305:
1264:Conservative parties in Argentina
1129:Civic and Social Agreement (ACyS)
1074:Federalist Popular Force (FUFEPO)
1043:Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)
942:Independent Socialist Party (PSI)
811:Cambridge University Press, 2002.
754:Todo Argentina: Fraude Patriotico
708:The Oil Business in Latin America
1289:1931 establishments in Argentina
1003:Democratic Socialist Party (PSD)
869:
1008:Argentine Socialist Party (PSA)
947:National Democratic Party (PDN)
899:National Autonomist Party (PAN)
814:
801:
778:
762:
729:
564:'s decision to be succeeded by
1159:Union of the Democratic Centre
1038:Worker's Socialist Party (PST)
904:Civic Union of the Youth (UCJ)
651:
619:
600:
582:
1:
1144:People's Reconstruction Party
1033:Popular Socialist Party (PSP)
824:: el fraude patriótico (1939)
575:
1194:United for a New Alternative
1139:Front for Change/Social Pole
1069:Workers' Revolutionary Party
493:Democratic Progressive Party
268:Democratic Progressive Party
158:was a political alliance in
7:
932:Radical Civic Union (UCR-A)
181:
10:
1310:
914:National Civic Union (UCN)
792:December 30, 2010, at the
395:bilateral trade agreements
244:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
1233:List of political parties
1223:
1207:
1184:Liberal Libertarian Party
1061:
960:
879:
338:
252:National Autonomist Party
187:Formation of the alliance
125:
107:
91:
79:
69:
61:
53:
43:
33:
21:
1149:Everybody's Front (1996)
1124:An Advanced Nation (UNA)
677:Authoritarian Argentina.
627:Todo Argentina: Yrigoyen
570:Robustiano Patrón Costas
367:from the effects of the
1189:Broad Progressive Front
1174:Solidarity and Equality
695:Argentina: 1516 — 1982.
643:Todo Argentina: Uriburu
93:Political position
1179:Movement for Socialism
1154:Federalist Unity Party
937:Rightist Confederation
484:
383:
231:
152:
1238:Politics of Argentina
988:Female Peronist Party
968:Democratic Union (UD)
557:: "patriotic fraud."
506:, however, and where
482:
387:Tax, tariff and trade
381:
229:
130:Politics of Argentina
1089:Commitment to Change
454:Roca-Runciman Treaty
1134:Recreate for Growth
983:Peronist Party (PP)
924:Lencinism (Mendoza)
882:–early 20th century
710:. Beard Books, 2001
659:El antipersonalismo
536:Roberto María Ortiz
355:(which lobbied the
263:National Democratic
201:Radical Civic Union
594:2021-09-27 at the
512:voter intimidation
485:
384:
357:Argentine military
232:
217:José Félix Uriburu
213:Argentine military
197:universal suffrage
44:Ideological leader
1251:
1250:
1215:Everybody's Front
1199:Union for Córdoba
978:Labour Party (PL)
807:Walter, Richard.
520:Santa Fe Province
403:industrialization
365:Argentine economy
328:Antonio de Tomaso
193:Hipólito Yrigoyen
148:
147:
135:Political parties
1301:
1169:Plural Consensus
1164:Broad Front UNEN
1119:Encuentro Amplio
1114:Front for Change
1109:United Left (IU)
930:Antipersonalista
894:Federalist Party
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524:Enzo Bordabehere
369:Great Depression
240:personality cult
236:Antipersonalists
164:Agustín P. Justo
157:
34:Political leader
19:
18:
1309:
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1284:Infamous Decade
1254:
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1228:Portal:Politics
1219:
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889:Unitarian Party
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508:ballot stuffing
504:electoral fraud
487:The regime was
470:Bank of England
438:client politics
341:
332:Federico Pinedo
312:law enforcement
272:Socialist Party
189:
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176:Infamous Decade
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566:Salta Province
562:Ramón Castillo
547:Sáenz Peña Law
532:1937 elections
450:British Empire
405:. The goal of
340:
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318:Ramón Castillo
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270:(PDP) and the
256:Hotel Castelar
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722:Lewis, Paul.
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706:Wirth, John.
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693:Rock, David.
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675:Rock, David.
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540:Manuel Fresco
537:
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489:authoritarian
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458:protectionist
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431:manufacturing
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308:Leopoldo Melo
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302:Julio A. Roca
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279:Agustín Justo
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168:Roberto Ortiz
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48:Leopoldo Melo
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38:Agustín Justo
36:
32:
20:
952:Concordancia
951:
929:
827:(in Spanish)
821:
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797:(in Spanish)
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774:(in Spanish)
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631:(in Spanish)
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584:
559:
555:Deodoro Roca
544:
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516:Buenos Aires
501:
497:intervention
486:
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423:Central Bank
418:
415:public works
411:labor unions
385:
349:Standard Oil
345:agricultural
342:
287:
276:
260:
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205:Standard Oil
190:
154:Concordancia
153:
149:
98:Centre-right
86:Conservatism
74:Buenos Aires
70:Headquarters
57:31 July 1931
27:Concordancia
1208:since 2020s
1062:1970s–2010s
961:1930s–1970s
909:Civic Union
427:value added
401:needed for
391:public debt
361:nationalism
65:4 June 1943
24:Concordance
1258:Categories
576:References
421:) and the
351:and other
298:Julio Roca
102:right-wing
613:La Nación
568:Governor
446:abattoirs
296:Governor
160:Argentina
140:Elections
62:Dissolved
790:Archived
786:Cronista
592:Archived
551:mob rule
442:Railways
182:Overview
81:Ideology
468:at the
462:Tramway
294:Córdoba
292:Former
283:fascist
108:Members
54:Founded
466:escrow
419:Juntas
353:trusts
339:Legacy
322:feudal
170:, and
518:and
444:and
330:and
320:, a
150:The
116:UCRA
526:).
429:by
373:GDP
274:).
223:.
209:YPF
178:".
120:PSI
112:PDN
100:to
1260::
745:^
715:^
684:^
666:^
611:.
510:,
166:,
858:e
851:t
844:v
615:.
371:(
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