113:
1266:
327:, and similarly, their size decreases from front to back. In females, the outer lobes of several middle legs are modified into long, upward-bending threadlike outgrowths, used to hold the eggs on the dorsal side of the body under the shell. However, the main functions of the thoracic legs are respiration and carrying food forward to the mouth. The gills are basically the outer lobes of all thoracic legs that are closest to the base of the leg. The legs are in constant movement, and the water between the valves of the
134:
1088:
1074:
1136:
1124:
1112:
311:
is reduced and unsegmented. The second pair of antennae, however, is long and biramous. Both branches are covered with numerous bristles. The crustaceans swim primarily by swooping the antennae. In the common genus
780:
During the past geological periods clam shrimp were apparently more numerous and diverse than they are now. 300 extinct species are known, and half as many living species. The oldest clam shrimp, such as
809:
379:
The eggs are surrounded by a tough shell and can withstand drying out, freezing and other hostile conditions. In some species these eggs can hatch after as long as 7 years.
285:. The animals react to danger by contracting the muscle, so that the valves close tightly and the crustacean, as if dead, lies motionlessly at the bottom of the pool.
722:
323:
The number of segments constituting the thorax varies from 10 to 32, and the number of legs varies accordingly. They are similar in structure to the legs of
246:. They are extant and also known from the fossil record, from at least the Devonian period and perhaps before. They were originally classified in the former
636:
688:
838:
715:
554:
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442:
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485:
464:
773:
deposits, generally poor in fossils, the well-preserved clam shrimp shells are found quite often. They help identify the age of the corresponding
650:
478:
386:
stage (the nauplius stage is absent in
Cyclestherida). Clam shrimp nauplii are distinguished by very small front antennae. At the second stage (
743:
628:
614:
586:
579:
540:
510:
496:
435:
1597:
729:
993:
1021:
Scholze, Frank; Shen, Shu-Zhong; Backer, Malte; Wei, Hai-Bo; HĂĽbner, Marcel; Cui, Ying-Ying; Feng, Zhuo; Schneider, Joerg W. (June 2020).
791:
deposits. Many extinct species, mostly
Triassic specimens, once lived in marine environments, where no extant clam shrimp inhabit today.
456:
1643:
607:
938:"How the cladoceran heterogonic life cycle evolved--insights from gamogenetic reproduction and direct development in Cyclestherida"
1584:
1168:
289:
339:
1589:
765:
Modern clam shrimp have little significance to humans. However, extinct species of these crustaceans are often studied by
984:
1023:"Reinvestigation of conchostracans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Permian–Triassic transition in Southwest China"
836:
K. J. Woolfe (1990). "Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of
Antarctica".
1610:
1602:
1563:
1648:
1576:
17:
1022:
1532:
133:
1161:
1105:
1615:
807:
J. Webb (1979). "A reappraisal of the palaeoecology of conchostracans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda)".
1454:
1116:
874:
912:
112:
1523:
1485:
1140:
1128:
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402:
Extant clam shrimp belong to three orders, divided into five families; some notable genera and
1638:
1154:
342:
compressed and bears a pair of large hooks, or dorsoventrally compressed, with short hooks.
886:
847:
736:
449:
8:
293:
890:
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965:
875:"The fossil record of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): Evidence and hypotheses"
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822:
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383:
355:
Clam shrimp have different reproductive strategies. For example, within the family
304:
1362:
1339:
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1235:
1225:
1146:
1040:
524:
247:
390:), the larva develops the small shell. They develop very quickly. For instance,
1571:
1558:
1444:
1427:
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are nested within clam shrimps. Clam shrimp are now divided into three orders,
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When the egg arrives in a suitable pool, a larva hatches out at the
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Both valves of the shell are held together by a strong closing
155:
299:
are close together and located on the forehead; in the genus
810:
Neues
Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen
406:
320:
legs move in an oar-like manner along with the antennae.
1069:
1020:
394:reaches sexual maturity in 19 days after hatching.
303:they are truly fused. In front of them is a simple
1176:
873:Van Damme, Kay; Kotov, Alexey A. (December 2016).
986:An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea
839:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1630:
316:, which can open its spherical valves wide, the
345:
935:
872:
1162:
983:Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001).
331:is quickly renewed. The body ends in a large
273:, in addition to the fossil family Leaiidae.
994:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
835:
866:
1169:
1155:
111:
829:
917:WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species
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800:
14:
1631:
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1577:8c1d554a-2f21-4d48-830e-4d5717500bb5
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412:
24:
276:
25:
1660:
1644:Extant Devonian first appearances
1065:
936:Fritsch, M.; Richter, S. (2015).
1264:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1106:Introduction to the Branchiopoda
1086:
1072:
132:
43:
899:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.009
350:
1014:
929:
490:Gallego & Covacevich, 1998
371:(male-hermaphrodite) species.
13:
1:
996:. p. 132. Archived from
794:
374:
1041:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.04.007
860:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X
346:Reproduction and development
288:In most species the head is
242:that resemble the unrelated
7:
942:Evolution & Development
397:
367:(only hermaphrodites), and
253:, which later proved to be
10:
1665:
823:10.1127/njgpa/158/1979/259
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1371:
1353:
1325:
1307:
1273:
1262:
1211:
1185:
657:(tentatively placed here)
206:
201:
129:Scientific classification
127:
119:
110:
34:
235:are a group of bivalved
120:California clam shrimp,
575:(including Imnadiidae)
307:eye. The first pair of
1649:Arthropod common names
784:Asmussia murchisoniana
468:Zhang & Chen, 1976
202:Orders of clam shrimp
27:Suborder of arthropods
879:Earth-Science Reviews
1572:Fauna Europaea (new)
122:Cyzicus californicus
891:2016ESRv..163..162V
852:1990PPP....80..301W
1177:Families of class
1080:Crustaceans portal
761:Geological history
338:, which is either
1626:
1625:
1486:Taxon identifiers
1477:
1476:
1246:Streptocephalidae
1094:Arthropods portal
954:10.1111/ede.12163
757:
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637:Palaeolimnadiidae
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409:are also listed:
244:bivalved molluscs
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16:(Redirected from
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1256:Thamnocephalidae
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1139:Data related to
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1127:Data related to
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1115:Data related to
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846:(3–4): 301–310.
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827:
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787:, were found in
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689:Paracyclestheria
675:
674:Cyclestheriidae
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292:compressed. The
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38:Temporal range:
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1391:Pseudopenilidae
1367:
1363:Cyclestheriidae
1349:
1340:Leptestheriidae
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1236:Chirocephalidae
1226:Branchinectidae
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716:Leptestheriella
555:Maghrebestheria
548:Leptestheriella
525:Leptestheriidae
443:Caenestheriella
400:
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363:(male-female),
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277:Characteristics
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41:Devonian–Recent
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1559:Fauna Europaea
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1251:Tanymastigidae
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1231:Branchipodidae
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1119:at Wikispecies
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1066:External links
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500:Defretin, 1965
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486:Menucoestheria
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465:Eosestheriidae
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369:androdioecious
365:hermaphroditic
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290:dorsoventrally
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1355:Cyclestherida
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479:Bairdestheria
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263:Cyclestherida
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1524:Laevicaudata
1494:Laevicaudata
1493:
1467:Leptodoridae
1455:Polyphemidae
1386:Holopediidae
1327:Spinicaudata
1309:Laevicaudata
1294:
1287:
1179:Branchiopoda
1141:Spinicaudata
1129:Laevicaudata
1052:. Retrieved
1032:
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1016:
1005:. Retrieved
998:the original
985:
978:
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920:. Retrieved
916:
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779:
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742:
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701:Linder, 1945
698:Laevicaudata
697:
696:
687:
682:Cyclestheria
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629:Metalimnadia
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615:Limnadiopsis
613:
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587:Calalimnadia
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580:Afrolimnadia
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541:Leptestheria
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511:Laxitextella
509:
497:Euestheridae
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436:Caenestheria
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421:Linder, 1945
418:Spinicaudata
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391:
388:metanauplius
381:
378:
354:
351:Reproduction
322:
313:
301:Cyclestheria
300:
287:
280:
271:Spinicaudata
270:
267:Laevicaudata
266:
262:
255:paraphyletic
251:Conchostraca
250:
232:
231:
223:Linder, 1945
217:Linder, 1945
192:Superorder:
176:Branchiopoda
121:
29:
1518:Wikispecies
1345:Limnadiidae
1028:Palaeoworld
885:: 162–189.
730:Lynceiopsis
710:Baird, 1845
640:Tasch, 1956
573:Baird, 1849
570:Limnadiidae
528:Daday, 1923
404:prehistoric
357:Limnadiidae
259:water fleas
240:crustaceans
237:branchiopod
233:Clam shrimp
196:Diplostraca
35:Clam shrimp
1633:Categories
1440:Onychopoda
1418:Daphniidae
1413:Chydoridae
1408:Bosminidae
1283:Triopsidae
1275:Notostraca
1221:Artemiidae
1201:Subphylum
1197:Arthropoda
1007:2011-04-04
922:2021-11-23
795:References
771:freshwater
767:geologists
676:Sars, 1899
669:Sars, 1899
594:Eulimnadia
375:Life cycle
359:are found
333:chitinised
257:, because
211:Sars, 1899
186:Phyllopoda
182:Subclass:
166:Arthropoda
1462:Haplopoda
1450:Podonidae
1403:Anomopoda
1381:Ctenopoda
1373:Cladocera
1335:Cyzicidae
1317:Lynceidae
1296:Lepidurus
1213:Anostraca
1203:Crustacea
1049:189973963
707:Lynceidae
457:Eocyzicus
427:Cyzicidae
361:dioecious
340:laterally
152:Kingdom:
146:Eukaryota
1546:BugGuide
1503:Wikidata
1433:Moinidae
1191:Animalia
1189:Kingdom
962:26486940
789:Devonian
723:Limnetis
608:Limnadia
398:Taxonomy
384:nauplius
329:carapace
318:thoracic
309:antennae
305:naupliar
162:Phylum:
156:Animalia
142:Domain:
1509:Q500917
1396:Sididae
1195:Phylum
1054:15 July
970:1932950
887:Bibcode
848:Bibcode
737:Lynceus
601:Imnadia
450:Cyzicus
392:Cyzicus
314:Lynceus
294:sessile
172:Class:
1616:593143
1603:116558
1590:609949
1551:391509
1289:Triops
1047:
968:
960:
775:strata
752:
644:fossil
518:, 1982
504:fossil
472:fossil
336:telson
283:muscle
269:, and
1611:WoRMS
1564:14764
1045:S2CID
1001:(PDF)
990:(PDF)
966:S2CID
769:. In
516:Kozur
248:order
1598:NCBI
1585:ITIS
1056:2023
958:PMID
407:taxa
46:Preęž’
1533:AFD
1037:doi
950:doi
895:doi
883:163
856:doi
819:doi
815:158
1635::
1613::
1600::
1587::
1574::
1561::
1548::
1535::
1520::
1505::
1043:.
1033:29
1031:.
1025:.
992:.
964:.
956:.
946:17
944:.
940:.
915:.
893:.
881:.
877:.
854:.
844:80
842:.
813:.
777:.
646:)
506:)
474:)
265:,
96:Pg
1170:e
1163:t
1156:v
1058:.
1039::
1010:.
972:.
952::
925:.
901:.
897::
889::
862:.
858::
850::
825:.
821::
642:(
502:(
470:(
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:ęž’
20:)
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