118:. Davenport's version focuses on ending mass atrocities and countering rising threats to democratic nations from Russia and China. It would include demanding criteria for membership, an associate membership status, a directly elected executive and legislature, a small standing armed forces made up entirely of volunteers from the member nations, and reserve forces with resources to shore up failing states and reconstruct nations after conflicts. This work includes a list of 50 global public goods that cannot be adequately secured by free markets or international networks of NGOs and IGOs, according to the author.
56:
Around the same time, following a 2004 exchange with Jean
Elshtain on just war theory, John Davenport of Fordham University proposed a "federation of democracies" in a 2005 article. He developed this further by analogy with arguments for the American federation, and contended that only a federation
135:
has argued that an effective league of democracies might be grown out of NATO nations with additions from other continents. Davenport argues instead that the NATO treaty is hard to amend and the NATO name might be too off putting to some potential members because of its Cold War connotations. He
81:
According to the
Princeton Project's final report released on September 27, 2006, this alternative body's purpose would be to strengthen security cooperation among the worldâs liberal democracies and to provide a framework in which they can work together to effectively tackle common challenges -
82:
ideally within existing regional and global institutions, but if those institutions fail, then independently, functioning as a focal point for efforts to strengthen liberty under law around the world. It would serve as the institutional embodiment and ratification of the "democratic peace".
67:
have also called for the creation of a "Concert of
Democracies" in the final report of the Princeton Project on National Security, Forging a World Under Liberty and Law: U.S. National Security in the 21st Century (September 2006). Most recently the concept has been supported by former
158:
Davenport argued, on the contrary, that the United
Nations cannot be sufficiently reformed to do the job because of its universal inclusion ideal, and its lack of sufficient coordinative power in making and enforcing decisions.
126:
Political scientists have argued that the criteria for inclusion in a
Concert of Democracies are by no means clear-cut. The main factors for membership most agreed upon are regular, competitive, free and fair
99:. Unlike the Princeton Project scholars, Bayefsky and other conservative scholars view the institution as a replacement for the United Nations, which they view as illegitimate and ineffective.
57:
of democracies could reliably undertake humanitarian interventions to stop mass atrocity crimes. He also defended this proposal against criticisms by
Stephen Schlesinger in an online exchange.
397:
407:
53:, they affirm that roughly 60 countries would qualify for membership under these criteria. They conceive such a "Concert" as a "D-60" group within the UN.
336:
132:
107:
436:
411:
224:
72:
153:
47:
op-ed. The concept is broader than a military organization, hence âconcertâ instead of âalliance.â In a subsequent article in
188:
308:
387:
421:
360:, "Democracies of the World, Unite," www.the-american-interest.com/2007/01/01/democracies-of-the-world-unite/.
16:
This article is about the proposed union of democracies. For the existing intergovernmental organization, see
93:, published a nearly identical proposal to establish an organization called the United Democratic Nations in
401:
292:
326:
32:
225:"Democracies of the World, Unite - Ivo Daalder & James Lindsay - the American Interest Magazine"
416:
17:
274:
Davenport, âJust Wars, Humanitarian
Intervention, and the Need for a Federation of Democracies,â
173:
391:
228:
49:
64:
8:
261:
Davenport, âA Global
Federalist Paper: Consolidation Arguments and Global Government,â
143:
have argued that the same purposes will be better served by a democratic reform of the
95:
248:
John J. Davenport, "Just War Theory
Requires a New Federation of Democratic Nations,â
106:, which argued for a robust version of this such a league synthesizing proposals from
183:
168:
140:
136:
proposes a list of over 40 potential founding nations from all inhabited continents.
60:
357:
215:
193:
90:
40:
115:
144:
374:
430:
86:
69:
318:
148:
111:
353:
211:
75:
36:
293:
http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/journal/23_1/roundtable/006
178:
287:"For a Federation of Democracies: A Response to Stephen Schlesinger",
128:
371:
The Global
Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy
422:
A two-page summary of Davenport's League of Democracies proposal
131:, and protection of individual rights and the rule of law.
398:"A League of Democracies or a Democratic United Nations"
303:
Liz Sidoti, âMcCain Favours a âLeague of Democraciesâ,
291:
23 no.1 (Spring 2009), Online Roundtable supplement:
151:
has made similar proposals in versions of his book,
428:
114:, and older authors such as James Huntley and
417:Community of Democracies - The Streit Council
412:European Union Institute for Security Studies
110:, Daalder and Lindsay, Slaughter, Ikenberry,
102:In December 2018, John Davenport published
321:, "The Case for a League of Democracies",
429:
154:One World: The Ethics of Globalisation
121:
189:United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
437:Proposed international organizations
408:Rethinking the League of Democracies
373:, Princeton University Press, 2008,
139:Other progressive thinkers, such as
390:- Ivo Daalder & James Lindsay,
218:, Democracies of the World, Unite,
13:
410:, Opinion by Asle Toje, May 2008,
14:
448:
388:"Democracies of the World, Unite"
381:
250:Fordham International Law Journal
289:Ethics and International Affairs
363:
276:The Journal of Religious Ethics
346:
330:
312:
297:
281:
268:
255:
242:
205:
1:
199:
402:Harvard International Review
7:
252:28 no.3 (Feb.2005): 763-85.
162:
10:
453:
222:, January - February 2007
33:international organization
15:
220:the-american-interest.com
278:39 no.3 (2011): 493â555.
263:Journal of Value Inquiry
18:Community of Democracies
341:A League of Democracies
104:A League of Democracies
85:On September 16, 2006,
174:Cosmopolitan democracy
73:presidential candidate
25:Concert of Democracies
392:The American Interest
50:The American Interest
29:League of Democracies
400:- Daniele Archibugi
65:Anne-Marie Slaughter
369:Daniele Archibugi,
122:Possible membership
343:(Routledge, 2019).
305:Washingtonpost.com
265:42 (2008): 353-75.
96:The Jerusalem Post
31:is an alternative
337:John J. Davenport
307:, April 30, 2007
184:Daniele Archibugi
169:Princeton Project
141:Daniele Archibugi
61:G. John Ikenberry
444:
376:
367:
361:
350:
344:
334:
328:
316:
310:
301:
295:
285:
279:
272:
266:
259:
253:
246:
240:
239:
237:
236:
227:. Archived from
209:
194:World Federalism
91:Hudson Institute
452:
451:
447:
446:
445:
443:
442:
441:
427:
426:
384:
379:
368:
364:
351:
347:
335:
331:
325:, May 13, 2008
323:Financial Times
317:
313:
302:
298:
286:
282:
273:
269:
260:
256:
247:
243:
234:
232:
223:
210:
206:
202:
165:
124:
116:Clarence Streit
45:Washington Post
21:
12:
11:
5:
450:
440:
439:
425:
424:
419:
414:
405:
395:
383:
382:External links
380:
378:
377:
362:
345:
329:
311:
296:
280:
267:
254:
241:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
164:
161:
145:United Nations
123:
120:
43:in a May 2004
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
449:
438:
435:
434:
432:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
375:
372:
366:
359:
355:
349:
342:
338:
333:
327:
324:
320:
315:
309:
306:
300:
294:
290:
284:
277:
271:
264:
258:
251:
245:
231:on 2011-05-21
230:
226:
221:
217:
216:James Lindsay
213:
208:
204:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
160:
157:
155:
150:
146:
142:
137:
134:
133:Didier Jacobs
130:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:Anne Bayefsky
83:
79:
77:
74:
71:
70:United States
66:
62:
58:
54:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:James Lindsay
38:
34:
30:
26:
19:
370:
365:
348:
340:
332:
322:
319:Robert Kagan
314:
304:
299:
288:
283:
275:
270:
262:
257:
249:
244:
233:. Retrieved
229:the original
219:
207:
152:
149:Peter Singer
138:
125:
112:Robert Kagan
108:James Yunker
103:
101:
94:
84:
80:
59:
55:
48:
44:
35:proposed by
28:
24:
22:
212:Ivo Daalder
76:John McCain
37:Ivo Daalder
235:2011-03-02
200:References
179:David Held
129:elections
431:Category
404:Nov 2008
394:magazine
163:See also
358:Lindsay
354:Daalder
89:at the
214:&
356:and
352:See
63:and
39:and
27:or
433::
339:,
147:.
78:.
23:A
238:.
156:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.