678:
development and the well-being of communities. Between World War 1 and World War 2 Kilpatrick, a progressive leader, introduced "the project method" to educational practices. He stressed the importance of introducing social reforms that focused on the livelihood of persons outside of the classrooms. Some attempts to create policy for critical service learning started in the 50s and continued through the 60s. In the 50s, The
Citizenship Education Project set precedents to understanding the frameworks between learning in the classrooms and action in the communities. This precedent led to many more political reform efforts to incorporate critical service learning into education in the 70s. Many educational institutions introduced political proposals that focused on the integration of learning and civic engagement with communities. Reform documents were not made until the 80s but Reagan and his era had already moved past progressivism and towards neoliberalism. Since reforms in the past 100 years haven't seemed to work, educational leaders and schools have made critical service learning into more grassroots type movements. By not focusing on state reforms, critical service learning has now become a methodology in University programs and other local organizations. Community and Critical service brings an opportunity of change for students and for the communities they serve.
669:
the services they do for their communities. Critical service learning is centered around teaching and learning methods that focus on the transformation of power and deconstructions of systemic inequalities through community engagement by students. According to
Mitchell, there are three different approaches required to achieve a critical learning service status. These are: redistributing power to marginalized groups of people; developing meaningful partnerships with community members/partners and those in the classroom; and, approaching service learning through the lens of making impactful social change. The ultimate goal of this sector is to connect students' services to their learning discourses. Students then ask themselves how their services create political and social change in these communities. Meeting individual needs in relation to poverty is not the main focus for critical service learning. Instead it is to address how students can become agents of social change and dismantle the institutions that allow for inequalities to exist in the communities they serve in the first place.
267:
400:
long-term volunteerism. Different methods to encourage volunteering can result in volunteers motivated by their own interests or a desire to help others, suggesting the importance of promoting community engagement and altruism for sustained involvement. A study spanning 21 countries linked economic development, education, cultural values, and political systems to higher rates of formal volunteering, indicating a global perspective on volunteer engagement. Student volunteering, particularly in
Western English-speaking countries, is driven by altruistic and career-oriented motivations, highlighting a strong culture of volunteerism among young people. Moreover, the motivation to volunteer varies with cultural values across different regions, and is shaped by societal expectations and cultural norms.
693:
961:, which honors the independence and autonomy of the "intermediate bodies" in society, such as schools, press, business, and the arts. He champions the right of every community to operate its own organizations and manage its own groups, with the foundational belief that parents know what their child really needs, and that local people are more capable of helping fellow locals. Those who agree with his views perceive community service as a tool of empowerment that can help people achieve better employment and lifestyle, avoiding what they see as destructive decision-making for mal-established goals by poorly developed community service efforts.
656:
experiences and engaging them in personal reflection on those experiences in order to build character and to teach problem-solving skills and civic responsibility." Cardoza stressed that it was important for a student take some time and reflect on what they are experiencing, seeing, doing, and what problems they are encountering and how they are going to apply what they have been learning to solve these problems. In other words, service-learning aims to link the personal and interpersonal development with cognitive development, as well as equipping the student with critical knowledge to help them understand the world.
769:, the university's human resources and community affairs departments worked with the school system to develop the Johns Hopkins Takes Time for Schools program in 2009, launching it on March 3, 2010. The program is a service partnership aimed at providing support and assistance to Baltimore City Schools (BCS) while providing faculty and staff an avenue for community service, offering their talents to the city's youth and improving the administrative and educational capacities of the area's school system.
652:, "service learning is a process of involving students in community service activities combined with facilitated means for applying the experience to their academic and personal development. It is a form of experiential education aimed at enhancing and enriching student learning in course material. When compared to other forms of experiential learning like internships and cooperative education, it is similar in that it is student-centered, hands-on and directly applicable to the curriculum."
975:. The goal is "a bottom-up approach in which participants become agents of change and decision making." This is accomplished through several principles: inclusion, equal partnership, transparency, sharing power, sharing responsibility, empowerment, and cooperation. Being cognizant of who is given a voice in defining the need for community service, and the ways in which these issues are approached, is one of the first steps in recognizing spaces in which participation can be increased.
492:
640:
improve their overall experience and application opportunities they gain from it. By adding service to learning, and balancing the two, community service can become more than just the act of serving. The goal of service-learning is to achieve large change through small actions. By being a classroom, a hands-on learning experience, and an opportunity to change the community, people are able to not only serve, but impact themselves as well.
87:
46:
845:, "Let my heart be broken for the things which break the heart of God." After traveling through Asia and seeing first-hand the suffering of impoverished children, lepers, and orphans—in 1970, Pierce founded Samaritan's Purse. Today, Samaritan's Purse reaches millions of people across the globe by providing aid such as disaster relief, medical assistance, and child care. A notable Samaritan's Purse project is
149:
912:
forms depending on the person's career stage and on the type of work involved"(McKeena). At the beginning of a profession, volunteering could be beneficial, giving people at a more practical level of hands-on experience in health and social care, while persons at a more advanced level of their careers achieved career-related benefits from high-level relationships for job-related reasons (Mckenna).
196:
932:
in quick judgments based solely off of visible characteristics. These judgments move into a biased opinion when you believe that these judgments are always true. These stereotypes can be harmful to both personal relationships and relationships within the workplace. Community service helps people to realize that everyone does not fall into these preconceived ideas.
754:
camaraderie while giving back to various communities. Many institutions also provide opportunities for employees and students to work together, and most student groups participate in their own form of community service. Each is unique in its own right; all are incredibly popular with employees; and in all of these programs, human resources plays an integral role.
916:
serving often find it beneficial to pause and reflect on how they are changing society for the better. Schools often take students on community service projects so they can learn how their individual actions affect the well-being of the public. Participants may find that serving the public fosters a more solidified view of self and purpose.
876:, its vision is to "...put God's love into action by bringing people together to build homes, communities and hope". Habitat for Humanity has built or repaired over 800,000 homes and served more than 4 million people worldwide since its creation in 1976. They describe their vision as "...a world where everyone has a decent place to live".
968:, suggests that community service planning should be made with the valuable opinion of the local residents, since they have firsthand knowledge of the inside realities of their community's current state. Making them a part of the movement, change or project creates in the members of the community a sense of belonging and hope.
899:
schools (for the poor children), orphanages, retirement centers, nursing homes, hospitals and working in the
Nongovernment Islamic Organizations that need volunteers due to limited resources"(Sulaiman). The second example would be," providing intellectual support, for example, being a teacher or tutor for the poor" (Sulaiman).
935:
Along with breaking down stereotypes, community service work can assist people in realizing that those they are helping and working with are no different from themselves. This realization can lead to empathizing with others. Learning to understand the needs and motivations of others, especially those
919:
Those involved in community service learning may also find that after serving the community for an extended period of time, they have an advantage in real-world experience. Eventually, the skills and knowledge obtained while working with the community may be applied in future areas of work. Community
791:
Religion is one of the greatest motivating forces behind community service. "Although beneficence and good works are also important secular goals, religion remains one of the major motivating forces behind community service." All the major religious groups emphasize values of charity, compassion, and
923:
People gain the most from their community service projects when they volunteer their time to help people that they have never interacted with before. This direct contact allows people to see life from a different perspective and reevaluate their opinions of others. Many young people who get involved
639:
Community service-learning is "about leadership development as well as traditional information and skill acquisition". Therefore, the combination of people doing service and learning at the same time teaches them how to be effective and how to be effective regarding what is important to them. It can
622:
notes, "Students engaged in service-learning are engaged in authentic situations; they get to know real people whose lives are affected by these issues... As a result, they have lots of questions—real questions that they want to have answered." Thus, students become interested and motivated to learn
545:
Though not technically considered a requirement, many colleges include community service as an unofficial requirement for acceptance. However, some colleges prefer work experience over community service, and some require that their students also continue community service for some specific number of
931:
These relationships can also facilitate more opinions and viewpoints surrounding various topics that help participants to grow in diversity. Stereotypes can be defined as, "believing unfairly that all people or things with a specific characteristic are the same." Stereotypes often reveal themselves
907:
Community service also allows those participating to reflect on the difference they are making in society. Some participants of a community service project may find themselves gaining a greater understanding of their roles in the community, as well as the impact of their contributions towards those
803:
blood drives, having fall carnivals, or offering free meals. Through these services, churches are able to benefit neighborhoods and families. Some churches create non-profit organizations that can help the public. Crisis pregnancy centers are often run by religious groups to promote pro-life values
939:
Volunteer work that's relevant to the job position can be added as work experience in resume. According to U.S. News & World Report, "If volunteer work is relevant to the job position, it may want include it under the professional or work experience sections on resume." This depends on working
722:
Sometimes the sentencing is specifically targeted to the defendant's crime, for example, a litterer may have to clean a park or roadside, or a drunk driver might appear before school groups to explain why drunk driving is a crime. Also, a sentence allowing for a broader choice may prohibit certain
668:
For community service to be effective, a different sector of community service learning; critical service, emerged in colleges throughout nations. The emergence of critical service learning in colleges had to do with solving the question of how students can create longstanding, effective change in
635:
The one serving may be able to take something away from the experience and be able to use any newfound knowledge or interpersonal discoveries to improve their future servitude and the people around them. To gain the most from community service requires balancing learning with serving. Learning and
614:
Reflection is sometimes symbolized by the hyphen in the term "service-learning" to indicate that it has a central role in learning by serving. Reflection is simply a scheduled consideration of one's own experiences and thoughts. This can take many forms, including journals, blogs, and discussions.
948:
Civilians have a desire and aptitude to organize themselves apart from the government to address the needs in their communities. However, making sure an effort has a positive effect on society requires clear analysis and a strategy. The analysis identifies the root causes of problems that project
868:
minister and preacher on the streets of London. His tent meetings gathered crowds of drunkards, prostitutes and thieves who eventually became the first "soldiers" in the army, which has grown to 1,442,388 members in 126 countries. The
Salvation Army's motto is "Doing the Most Good" and does so by
677:
Critical service learning emerged through the ideologies of Dewey in 1902. His main goal was reconnecting education and communities. He argued that it was essential that students took their learning discourses and used it to connect to their personal experiences. Doing this would allow for social
911:
A benefit of participating in community service is to gain greater experience and benefits to help individuals gain advantages for their careers. According to "The Give and Take of
Volunteering: Motives, Benefits, and Personal Connections among Irish Volunteers", " Career benefits took different
915:
With each new community service project, some participants may gain insightful experience in a variety of areas. Participants may also internalize the information that they found personally insightful for future use. While simply performing community service is valuable to the recipients, those
898:
The second form of volunteering involves providing goods and services without spending money. An example of providing a service without spending money would be, "visiting the sick, being an attendant to the blind, collection and distribution of donations, constructing houses (for the homeless),
753:
Many institutions require and/or give incentives to students or employees alike to volunteer their time to community service programs. From volunteering to participating in such charity events like walks or runs, institutes continue the practice or require their employees or students to grow in
659:
Character.org defines service-learning as "different than community service in several key ways. Service learning includes student leadership, reflective and academic components, and chances for celebration once the service activity has been successfully completed. Students reflect on community
399:
Community service and volunteerism are supported and encouraged across the world, influenced by a mix of personal, societal, and cultural factors. Research shows that individual traits like personality and religiosity, combined with organizational settings, play a significant role in fostering
655:
Professor Freddy
Cardoza defines community service-learning as "a pedagogy (or a specific teaching-learning approach) that has few lectures, and is a more interactive hands on educational strategy which provides students with instruction while leading them through meaningful community service
927:
Another benefit in participating in community service is a greater understanding and appreciation for diversity. Appreciating other cultures and breaking down stereotypes is important to becoming a responsible citizen and better person. By participating in a community service project where
1239:
Grönlund, Henrietta; Holmes, Kirsten; Kang, Chulhee; Cnaan, Ram A.; Handy, Femida; Brudney, Jeffrey L.; Haski-Leventhal, Debbie; Hustinx, Lesley; Kassam, Meenaz; Meijs, Lucas C P M; Pessi, Anne
Birgitta; Ranade, Bhangyashree; Smith, Karen A.; Yamauchi, Naoto; Zrinščak, Siniša (June 2011).
281:
contributing to a noble cause. In many cases, people doing community service are compensated in other ways, such as those helping getting a lunch for free. In many countries, there are programs to incite people to do community service. People may do community service to get
936:
who live different lives from our own, is an important part of living a productive life. This leads to a view of humanity that can help a person stay free of biased opinions of others and can lead to a more diverse and ultimately more productive and thought-provoking life.
920:
service may also increase a participant's social connectivity. Because most community service opportunities allow others to interact and work with other individuals, this service may help volunteers network and connect with others toward a common goal.
895:. These two acts of volunteering also count as forms of worship for the sake of spiritual purification. This form is called Al-Mujahadah fi sabil Allah bi al-Amwal, which means, striving in the cause of Allah with one's goods (Sulaiman).
626:
Community service learning strives to connect or re-connect students with serving their community after they finish their course. It creates a bridge for the lack of community service found among college-age people in the United States.
1655:
477:
program formerly required 50 hours of community service, together with a written reflection on the service performed, to fulfill the requirement of 150 hours of CAS (creativity, action, and service) and receive an IB diploma.
546:
hours to graduate. Some schools also offer unique "community service" courses, awarding credit to students who complete a certain number of community service hours. Some academic honor societies, along with some
928:
interaction is required, personal relationships can begin to grow. These personal relationships help people have informal and consistent interactions that through time, often break down negative stereotypes.
587:
Service-learning courses vary widely in time span, quality, and in the balance of "service" and "learning" stressed in the course. A typical service-learning course, however, has these factors in common:
1326:
290:
with community service. There may also be school or class requirements. Obtaining certain benefits may be linked to doing some form of community service. For all these reasons, it is distinct from
2452:
783:
programs where companies provide monetary donations to nonprofit organizations in recognition of their employee's volunteerism (e.g. $ 500 volunteer grant after 25 hours of community service).
715:. For instance, a fine may be reduced in exchange for a prescribed number of hours of community service. The court may allow the defendant to choose their community service, which must then be
1749:
804:
in local families. To meet impoverished people's needs, some churches provide a food pantry or start a homeless shelter. Also, certain churches provide daycare so that busy parents can work.
660:
needs, ways to help, and once their service has been completed, they can internalise how their efforts have helped, while learning more about academics such as geography, math, or science."
949:
implementation must address. Individuals, like neighborhoods, enjoy permanent change only if it is an inner one—and the greatest form of community service is encouraging that inner change.
1819:
1643:
819:
in Texas, "In the United States, congregations serve as a major source of volunteers, with church attendance known to be the best general predictor of involvement in volunteering." Some
703:
People convicted of a crime may be required to perform community service or to work for agencies in the sentencing jurisdiction either entirely or partially as a substitution of other
2221:
455:
Many other high schools do not require community service hours for graduation, but still see an impressive number of students get involved in their communities. For example, in
1365:
884:
Islam promotes volunteerism by calling on its followers to provide their time, knowledge, and wealth of their own free will. In Islam one of the pillars of the religion is
2507:
772:
Some institutes even give their students or employees a guaranteed number of days or weeks of leave for certain acceptable community service programs. One example is
306:) service is a non-paying job performed by one person or a group of people for the benefit of their community or its institutions. Community service is distinct from
1550:
1844:
206:
618:
Service-learning courses present learning the material in context, meaning that students often learn effectively and tend to apply what was learned. As the book
170:
446:(AVID) course, community service is often needed. Whether American public schools could require volunteer hours for high school graduation was challenged in
1323:
580:
as a pedagogy. A partnership of college presidents began in 1985 with the initiative of boosting community service in their colleges. This alliance called
1024:
908:
in need of service. Because community service outlets vary, those who serve are exposed to many different kinds of people, environments, and situations.
555:
2444:
2419:
971:
A joint study suggests that a more effective approach to community service focuses on increased participation of local people in decision-making and
741:(the world's oldest prison reform organization) is a prominent advocate for increased community sentencing to reduce prison population and improve
551:
2275:
2056:
1809:
1785:
737:. Compulsory unpaid work includes up to 300 hours of activities, such as conservation work, cleaning up graffiti, or working with a charity. The
2082:
217:
502:
815:
promotes community service. In fact, volunteer work is popular amongst churches. According to Diana R. Garland, a professor of social work at
1051:
891:
The first form of
Volunteering involves spending money or providing physical support in order to help others. This can be a form of Zakat or
999:
266:
1996:
795:
Beyond required community service, some religious groups emphasize serving one's community. These groups and churches reach out by holding
776:, which gives 24 hours of community service leave for full-time employees per year as an incentive and compensation for community service.
547:
2213:
1728:
823:(NGO) community service organizations were founded by Christians seeking to put their beliefs into practice. Three prominent examples are
603:
component where students seek out or are taught information—often both interpersonal and academic—that they integrate into their service
463:
log about 45,000 hours of community service every year. As a result, the school's
College and Career Center awards 250–300 students the
2163:
1343:
157:
2344:
2253:
1757:
1281:
2532:
1373:
443:
2314:
2026:
442:", requiring students to demonstrate that their work has contributed to their education. If a student in high school is taking an
2499:
2191:
1617:
464:
1961:"Protestant Christian Volunteers in Community Social Service Programs: What Motivates, Challenges, and Sustains Their Service"
470:
Starting in 2010, Danish high school students receive a special diploma if they complete at least 20 hours of voluntary work.
1534:
1479:
1454:
1429:
1404:
448:
692:
1503:
940:
term as a volunteer. If the term were more than 2 years, it's not worthwhile to list community service as work experience.
1558:
888:
which is the obligatory form of charity especially to the needy. There are two different forms of volunteerism in Islam.
1840:
1198:
Smith, Karen; Holmes, Kirsten; Haski-Leventhal, Debbie; Cnaan, Ram A.; Handy, Femida; Brudney, Jeffrey L. (2010-10-26).
1200:"Motivations and Benefits of Student Volunteering: Comparing Regular, Occasional, and Non-Volunteers in Five Countries"
59:
2128:
1937:
1886:
2483:
532:
253:
235:
130:
73:
17:
1298:
1242:"Cultural Values and Volunteering: A Cross-cultural Comparison of Students' Motivation to Volunteer in 13 Countries"
112:
310:, since it is not always performed on a voluntary basis and may be performed for a variety of reasons, including:
1241:
738:
382:
97:
1020:
649:
2375:
2279:
636:
serving at the same time improves a student's community while teaching life lessons and building character.
2364:"Where's The Learning in Service-Learning," Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles Jr., Jossey-Bass, 1999, Page 31
2300:"Where's The Learning in Service-Learning," Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles Jr., Jossey-Bass, 1999, Page 28
341:
2103:
1348:
Diploma Programmer curriculum—core requirements, homepage of the International Baccalaureate Organization
474:
2533:"Assessing Service Learning Using Pragmatic Principles of Education: A Texas Charter School Case Study"
2048:
1775:"Community Service Projects Allow Institutions to Give Back While Building Camaraderie Among Employees"
315:
1774:
1160:
1075:"Dispositional and Organizational Influences on Sustained Volunteerism: An Interactionist Perspective"
1910:"Community service among college and university students: individual and institutional relationships"
1867:"Community service among college and university students: individual and institutional relationships"
972:
846:
742:
319:
31:
2078:
1113:
1074:
773:
758:
1047:
210:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
991:
162:
108:
1960:
1644:"Traditional vs. critical service-learning: Engaging the literature to differentiate two models"
2561:
766:
561:
Many student organizations exist for the purpose of community service, the largest of which is
514:
435:
65:
2566:
2476:
Restorers of Hope: Reaching the Poor in Your Community with Church-Based Ministries that Work
796:
719:
by "credible agencies", such as non-profit organizations, or may mandate a specific service.
460:
456:
2156:
2387:
1351:
838:
832:
824:
697:
510:
213:
104:
2336:
2245:
422:
in the United States require students to perform community service hours to graduate from
8:
1278:
431:
277:
is work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their
2391:
2411:
2310:
2018:
1988:
1720:
957:
869:
providing aid such as shelter, food, clothing, spiritual training and disaster relief.
584:, led the way for many other schools to adopt service-learning courses and activities.
427:
388:
345:
2399:
2479:
2403:
2187:
1992:
1980:
1929:
1921:
1878:
1724:
1712:
1530:
1475:
1450:
1425:
1400:
1261:
1221:
1180:
1141:
1133:
1094:
816:
762:
596:
component where the student spends time serving in the community meeting actual needs
2415:
1609:
1199:
314:
Required by a government as a part of citizenship requirements, like the mandatory "
2395:
1972:
1704:
1253:
1211:
1172:
1125:
1086:
820:
577:
439:
367:
331:
1129:
1692:
1330:
1285:
861:
850:
780:
704:
562:
352:
287:
1708:
1495:
366:
Mandated by schools to meet the requirements of a class, such as in the case of
1216:
952:
873:
828:
712:
581:
1976:
1257:
1176:
726:
In the United Kingdom, community service is now officially referred to by the
381:
obligation, as condition of the receipt of social and financial benefits, see
2555:
1984:
1925:
1716:
1265:
1225:
1184:
1137:
1098:
857:
842:
716:
708:
371:
1090:
430:, for example, students must finish 200 hours of community service to get a
2407:
2120:
1909:
1866:
1145:
812:
723:
services that the offender would reasonably be expected to perform anyway.
687:
419:
307:
291:
1933:
1882:
733:
727:
423:
351:
Required as a substitution of, or in addition to, other criminal justice
336:
283:
2240:
2238:
1959:
Garland, Diana R.; Myers, Dennis R.; Wolfer, Terry A. (5 January 2009).
1302:
570:
1114:"Understanding and encouraging volunteerism and community involvement"
2536:
2235:
872:
Habitat for Humanity provides housing for people in need. Founded by
865:
800:
303:
278:
2548:(2000). Applied Research Projects. Texas State University. Paper 76.
115:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
566:
378:
1159:
Parboteeah, K. Praveen; Cullen, John B.; Lim, Lrong (2004-11-01).
924:
in community service come out with a more well-rounded worldview.
892:
327:
323:
148:
1197:
355:– when performed for this reason it may also be referred to as
270:
Ukrainians doing street cleaning as a form of community service
1474:(First ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 46.
1449:(First ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 86.
1424:(First ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 96.
1048:"Att undanröja villkorlig dom som förenats med samhällstjänst"
779:
In addition, approximately 40% of Fortune 500 companies offer
286:. In some cases, it is possible to replace a criminal justice
1814:
1399:(First ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 4.
1112:
Stukas, Arthur A.; Snyder, Mark; Clary, E. Gil (2016-05-03).
885:
761:, under the leadership of Johns Hopkins University president
501:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1288:, Seattle Public Schools, G10-00B, revised September 1, 2004
207:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
2311:"Stereotype – Definition of Stereotype by Merriam-Webster"
1279:
High School Graduation Requirements Classes of 2008-Beyond
672:
1204:
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research
2337:"Why Stereotypes Are Bad and What You Can Do about Them"
2500:"Have Participatory Approaches Increased Capabilities?"
1238:
696:
Community service work detail for 35th District Court,
2478:(Reissue ed.). Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Pub.
748:
2079:"The Salvation Army – History of the Salvation Army"
1021:"(Community) Compensatory service worker definition"
2504:
International Institute for Sustainable Development
1158:
370:or to meet the requirements of graduating as class
1958:
1167:. Human Resource Development in the Asia Pacific.
1045:
2445:"When and How to List Volunteer Work on a Resume"
1841:"FAQ – Our database of corporate giving programs"
1111:
610:component that ties service and learning together
434:. Some school districts in Washington, including
2553:
786:
408:
1333:, Danish Ministry of Education, January 8, 2010
902:
438:, differentiate between community service and "
2115:
2113:
2111:
1648:Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning
1529:. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 10.
1324:Students to get recognition for volunteer work
943:
565:. Community service projects are also done by
2276:"Welcome to the SiteMaker Transition Project"
1810:"EN-13: Community Service | AASHE STARS"
1769:
1767:
630:
576:Beginning in the 1980s, colleges began using
499:The examples and perspective in this section
2438:
2436:
1907:
1864:
1366:"Community Service Learning Program History"
1161:"Formal volunteering: a cross-national test"
663:
548:fraternities and sororities in North America
2214:"TheGiveandTakeofVolunteeringMotivesBenefi"
2108:
1581:The Theology and Theory of Service Learning
1050:(in Swedish and English). Lund University.
74:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1764:
623:the materials to resolve their questions.
517:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2433:
1527:Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?
1472:Where's the Learning in Service-Learming?
1447:Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?
1422:Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?
1397:Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?
1215:
620:Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?
533:Learn how and when to remove this message
254:Learn how and when to remove this message
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
30:For the album by The Crystal Method, see
2373:
2154:
1641:
691:
681:
444:Advancement Via Individual Determination
265:
173:of all important aspects of the article.
2473:
2246:"Evidence of Service-Learning Benefits"
2157:"Volunteerism From Islamic Perspective"
2150:
2148:
2146:
841:was inspired by a prayer of evangelist
673:Background of critical service learning
14:
2554:
1506:from the original on 10 September 2014
1072:
1054:from the original on 17 September 2016
413:
169:Please consider expanding the lead to
2455:from the original on 13 November 2022
2317:from the original on 15 February 2016
2131:from the original on 22 February 2015
2085:from the original on 21 February 2016
2059:from the original on 18 February 2016
1940:from the original on 13 November 2022
1908:Serow, R. C.; Dreyden, J. I. (1990).
1889:from the original on 13 November 2022
1690:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1637:
1635:
1620:from the original on October 12, 2016
1524:
1469:
1444:
1419:
1394:
1027:from the original on January 29, 2023
449:Immediato v. Rye Neck School District
2442:
2143:
2104:The Salvation Army#cite note-stats-1
1999:from the original on 16 October 2022
1754:National Offender Management Service
807:
485:
452:, but the court found no violation.
189:
142:
80:
39:
2029:from the original on 31 August 2014
1691:Kraft, Richard J. (February 1996).
1593:
1578:
1344:"Creativity, action, service (CAS)"
765:and the chief executive officer of
481:
465:President's Volunteer Service Award
24:
1669:
1632:
856:The Salvation Army was founded by
749:Community service for institutions
554:and others require each member to
27:Unpaid work to benefit a community
25:
2578:
2524:
2400:10.1038/scientificamerican1014-42
2341:AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881
2256:from the original on 2 March 2016
2194:from the original on 2 March 2016
1073:Penner, Louis A. (January 2002).
879:
55:This article has multiple issues.
1596:Introduction to Service Learning
1551:"Definition of Service Learning"
1118:The Journal of Social Psychology
490:
467:every year for their hard work.
194:
147:
85:
44:
2510:from the original on 2023-05-11
2492:
2467:
2422:from the original on 2015-03-03
2374:Phillips, Katherine W. (2014).
2367:
2358:
2347:from the original on 2017-10-14
2329:
2303:
2294:
2268:
2224:from the original on 2022-11-14
2206:
2180:
2169:from the original on 2023-02-13
2097:
2071:
2041:
2011:
1952:
1901:
1865:Serow, RC; Dreyden, JI (1990).
1858:
1847:from the original on 2021-01-24
1833:
1822:from the original on 2018-05-11
1802:
1791:from the original on 2020-11-26
1742:
1731:from the original on 2024-03-04
1658:from the original on 2021-12-05
1602:
1587:
1572:
1543:
1518:
1488:
1463:
1438:
1413:
1388:
1358:
1336:
1317:
1291:
1002:from the original on 2021-04-18
550:, require community service to
161:may be too short to adequately
63:or discuss these issues on the
2474:Sherman, Amy L. (2004-11-04).
2155:Sulaiman, Kabuye (June 2011).
1782:The Higher Education Workplace
1272:
1232:
1191:
1152:
1105:
1066:
1039:
1013:
984:
739:Howard League for Penal Reform
383:Workfare in the United Kingdom
171:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
1965:Administration in Social Work
1130:10.1080/00224545.2016.1153328
978:
787:Religious reasons for serving
650:Fayetteville State University
643:
409:Educational community service
297:
2121:"About Habitat for Humanity"
1370:Adele H. Stamp Student Union
964:Amy L. Sherman, in her book
903:Personal benefits of serving
342:Alternative civilian service
7:
2049:"Operation Christmas Child"
1709:10.1177/0013124596028002001
1697:Education and Urban Society
1046:Charlotta Hellberg (2012).
944:Choosing the right strategy
513:, discuss the issue on the
475:International Baccalaureate
111:the claims made and adding
10:
2583:
2125:Habitat for Humanity Int'l
1500:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1246:Journal of Academic Ethics
1217:10.22230/cjnser.2010v1n1a2
973:collaborative partnerships
685:
631:Community service-learning
426:. In some high schools in
403:
330:, or generally in lieu of
316:Hand and hitch-up services
29:
1977:10.1080/03643100802508627
1843:. Doublethedonation.com.
1750:"How we manage offenders"
1258:10.1007/s10805-011-9131-6
1177:10.1016/j.jwb.2004.08.007
1165:Journal of World Business
847:Operation Christmas Child
664:Critical service learning
558:doing community service.
1642:Mitchell, Tania (2008).
1299:"Get Involved Palo Alto"
1079:Journal of Social Issues
774:East Carolina University
759:Johns Hopkins University
730:as more straightforward
1496:"Economic News Release"
1091:10.1111/1540-4560.00270
707:and sanctions, such as
799:for children, hosting
797:Vacation Bible Schools
767:Baltimore City Schools
700:
436:Seattle Public Schools
395:" ("society service").
271:
216:by rewriting it in an
2376:"How Diversity Works"
1525:Eyler, Janet (1999).
1470:Eyler, Janet (1999).
1445:Eyler, Janet (1999).
1420:Eyler, Janet (1999).
1395:Eyler, Janet (1999).
864:in 1865. Booth was a
695:
682:Court-ordered service
461:Palo Alto High School
457:Palo Alto, California
269:
1971:(1): 23 through 39.
833:Habitat for Humanity
698:Northville, Michigan
511:improve this section
361:compensatory service
2392:2014SciAm.311d..42P
2380:Scientific American
992:"Community Service"
414:Secondary education
2443:Crawford, Hallie.
1693:"Service Learning"
1610:"Service Learning"
1376:on 13 October 2014
1329:2011-07-19 at the
1284:2007-06-15 at the
958:sphere sovereignty
757:One such program,
701:
389:suspended sentence
387:In Sweden it is a
346:civil conscription
272:
218:encyclopedic style
205:is written like a
96:possibly contains
2053:Samaritan's Purse
2023:Samaritan's Purse
1594:Cardoza, Freddy.
1579:Cardoza, Freddy.
1536:978-0-7879-4483-4
1481:978-0-7879-4483-4
1456:978-0-7879-4483-4
1431:978-0-7879-4483-4
1406:978-0-7879-4483-4
966:Restorers of Hope
839:Samaritan's Purse
825:Samaritan's Purse
817:Baylor University
808:Christian service
763:Ronald J. Daniels
705:judicial remedies
543:
542:
535:
418:Some educational
357:community payback
275:Community service
264:
263:
256:
246:
245:
238:
188:
187:
141:
140:
133:
98:original research
78:
33:Community Service
18:Community Payback
16:(Redirected from
2574:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2535:. Archived from
2530:Perez, Shivaun,
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2278:. Archived from
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2250:Service Learning
2242:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1756:. Archived from
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1688:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1557:. Archived from
1547:
1541:
1540:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1372:. Archived from
1362:
1356:
1355:
1350:. Archived from
1340:
1334:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1301:. Archived from
1295:
1289:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
988:
821:non-governmental
578:service-learning
538:
531:
527:
524:
518:
494:
493:
486:
482:Higher education
440:service learning
368:service-learning
332:military service
259:
252:
241:
234:
230:
227:
221:
198:
197:
190:
183:
180:
174:
151:
143:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
113:inline citations
89:
88:
81:
70:
48:
47:
40:
21:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2540:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2513:
2511:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2441:
2434:
2425:
2423:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2348:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2282:on 9 April 2013
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1920:(99): 553–566.
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1689:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1640:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1592:
1588:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1331:Wayback Machine
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1305:on 19 June 2015
1297:
1296:
1292:
1286:Wayback Machine
1277:
1273:
1237:
1233:
1196:
1192:
1157:
1153:
1110:
1106:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1003:
996:Merriam-Webster
990:
989:
985:
981:
946:
905:
882:
862:Catherine Booth
851:Franklin Graham
810:
789:
781:volunteer grant
751:
690:
684:
675:
666:
646:
633:
563:Alpha Phi Omega
539:
528:
522:
519:
508:
495:
491:
484:
416:
411:
406:
300:
260:
249:
248:
247:
242:
231:
225:
222:
214:help improve it
211:
199:
195:
184:
178:
175:
168:
156:This article's
152:
137:
126:
120:
117:
102:
90:
86:
49:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2550:
2549:
2526:
2525:External links
2523:
2521:
2520:
2491:
2484:
2466:
2432:
2366:
2357:
2328:
2302:
2293:
2267:
2234:
2205:
2179:
2142:
2107:
2096:
2070:
2040:
2010:
1951:
1900:
1877:(99): 553–66.
1857:
1832:
1801:
1763:
1760:on 2008-08-06.
1741:
1703:(2): 131–159.
1668:
1631:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1542:
1535:
1517:
1487:
1480:
1462:
1455:
1437:
1430:
1412:
1405:
1387:
1357:
1354:on 2010-07-03.
1335:
1316:
1290:
1271:
1231:
1190:
1171:(4): 431–441.
1151:
1124:(3): 243–255.
1104:
1085:(3): 447–467.
1065:
1038:
1012:
982:
980:
977:
953:Abraham Kuyper
945:
942:
904:
901:
881:
880:Muslim service
878:
874:Millard Fuller
829:Salvation Army
809:
806:
788:
785:
750:
747:
743:rehabilitation
683:
680:
674:
671:
665:
662:
645:
642:
632:
629:
612:
611:
604:
597:
582:Campus Compact
541:
540:
505:of the subject
503:worldwide view
498:
496:
489:
483:
480:
459:, students at
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
397:
396:
393:samhällstjänst
385:
375:
364:
349:
320:municipalities
299:
296:
262:
261:
244:
243:
202:
200:
193:
186:
185:
165:the key points
155:
153:
146:
139:
138:
93:
91:
84:
79:
53:
52:
50:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2579:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Civil society
2560:
2559:
2557:
2539:on 2020-08-01
2538:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2487:
2485:9781592449910
2481:
2477:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1624:September 22,
1619:
1615:
1614:character.org
1611:
1605:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1575:
1561:on 2016-09-25
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:(2): 87–106.
1251:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1001:
997:
993:
987:
983:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
960:
959:
954:
950:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
900:
896:
894:
889:
887:
877:
875:
870:
867:
863:
860:and his wife
859:
858:William Booth
854:
852:
848:
844:
843:Robert Pierce
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
805:
802:
798:
793:
784:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
755:
746:
744:
740:
736:
735:
729:
724:
720:
718:
714:
710:
709:incarceration
706:
699:
694:
689:
679:
670:
661:
657:
653:
651:
648:According to
641:
637:
628:
624:
621:
616:
609:
605:
602:
598:
595:
591:
590:
589:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
537:
534:
526:
523:December 2022
516:
512:
506:
504:
497:
488:
487:
479:
476:
471:
468:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:jurisdictions
401:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
376:
373:
372:valedictorian
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
311:
309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
285:
280:
276:
268:
258:
255:
240:
237:
229:
219:
215:
209:
208:
203:This article
201:
192:
191:
182:
172:
166:
164:
159:
154:
150:
145:
144:
135:
132:
124:
114:
110:
106:
100:
99:
94:This article
92:
83:
82:
77:
75:
68:
67:
62:
61:
56:
51:
42:
41:
36:
34:
19:
2567:Volunteering
2541:. Retrieved
2537:the original
2512:. Retrieved
2503:
2494:
2475:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2448:
2424:. Retrieved
2386:(4): 42–47.
2383:
2379:
2369:
2360:
2349:. Retrieved
2340:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2305:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:the original
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2249:
2226:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2182:
2171:. Retrieved
2133:. Retrieved
2124:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2052:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1968:
1964:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1917:
1913:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1874:
1870:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1835:
1824:. Retrieved
1813:
1804:
1793:. Retrieved
1781:
1758:the original
1753:
1744:
1733:. Retrieved
1700:
1696:
1660:. Retrieved
1654:(2): 40–65.
1651:
1647:
1622:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:the original
1554:
1545:
1526:
1520:
1510:16 September
1508:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1471:
1465:
1446:
1440:
1421:
1415:
1396:
1390:
1380:16 September
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
1369:
1360:
1352:the original
1347:
1338:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1293:
1274:
1249:
1245:
1234:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1015:
1004:. Retrieved
995:
986:
970:
965:
963:
956:
951:
947:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
897:
890:
883:
871:
855:
837:
813:Christianity
811:
794:
790:
778:
771:
756:
752:
731:
725:
721:
702:
688:Penal labour
676:
667:
658:
654:
647:
638:
634:
625:
619:
617:
613:
607:
600:
593:
586:
575:
571:fraternities
560:
544:
529:
520:
500:
472:
469:
454:
447:
417:
398:
392:
360:
356:
335:
308:volunteering
301:
292:volunteering
274:
273:
250:
232:
223:
204:
179:January 2018
176:
160:
158:lead section
127:
118:
95:
71:
64:
58:
57:Please help
54:
32:
2321:19 February
2286:19 February
2260:19 February
2218:Google Docs
2198:19 February
2135:19 February
2089:19 February
2063:19 February
2033:19 February
1914:Adolescence
1871:Adolescence
1309:19 February
1031:January 29,
792:community.
734:unpaid work
732:compulsory
728:Home Office
424:high school
337:Zivildienst
318:" for some
284:citizenship
2556:Categories
2543:2010-01-01
2514:2023-05-11
2459:1 November
2426:2015-03-02
2351:2018-01-04
2228:2022-11-14
2188:"Students"
2173:2022-11-14
2003:October 8,
1944:1 November
1893:1 November
1851:2021-01-30
1826:2018-05-10
1795:2018-05-10
1735:2021-12-16
1662:2021-12-16
1565:2016-09-28
1555:uncfsu.edu
1006:2020-08-01
979:References
955:advocates
849:headed by
717:documented
686:See also:
644:Definition
608:reflection
567:sororities
428:Washington
298:Background
226:March 2020
121:April 2017
105:improve it
60:improve it
2449:U.S. News
2019:"History"
1993:153455551
1985:0364-3107
1926:0001-8449
1725:143302144
1717:0013-1245
1266:1570-1727
1226:1920-9355
1185:1090-9516
1138:0022-4545
1099:0022-4537
866:Methodist
801:Red Cross
515:talk page
353:sanctions
348:services.
344:) or for
304:Community
288:sanctions
279:community
163:summarize
109:verifying
66:talk page
2508:Archived
2453:Archived
2420:Archived
2416:45436278
2408:25314869
2345:Archived
2315:Archived
2254:Archived
2222:Archived
2192:Archived
2164:Archived
2129:Archived
2083:Archived
2057:Archived
2027:Archived
1997:Archived
1938:Archived
1887:Archived
1845:Archived
1820:Archived
1786:Archived
1729:Archived
1656:Archived
1618:Archived
1504:Archived
1327:Archived
1282:Archived
1146:27064177
1052:Archived
1025:Archived
1000:Archived
601:learning
556:continue
509:You may
391:called "
379:workfare
2388:Bibcode
1934:2264505
1883:2264505
1058:30 July
893:Sadaqah
594:service
432:diploma
404:Reasons
328:Germany
324:Austria
212:Please
103:Please
35:(album)
2482:
2414:
2406:
1991:
1983:
1932:
1924:
1881:
1723:
1715:
1533:
1478:
1453:
1428:
1403:
1264:
1224:
1183:
1144:
1136:
1097:
831:, and
377:As an
334:(see:
2412:S2CID
2167:(PDF)
2160:(PDF)
1989:S2CID
1815:AASHE
1789:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1721:S2CID
1210:(1).
886:Zakat
713:fines
2480:ISBN
2461:2022
2404:PMID
2323:2016
2288:2016
2262:2016
2200:2016
2137:2016
2091:2016
2065:2016
2035:2016
2005:2022
1981:ISSN
1946:2022
1930:PMID
1922:ISSN
1895:2022
1879:PMID
1713:ISSN
1626:2016
1531:ISBN
1512:2014
1476:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1382:2014
1311:2016
1262:ISSN
1222:ISSN
1181:ISSN
1142:PMID
1134:ISSN
1095:ISSN
1060:2016
1033:2023
569:and
552:join
473:The
340:and
326:and
2396:doi
2384:311
1973:doi
1705:doi
1254:doi
1212:doi
1173:doi
1126:doi
1122:156
1087:doi
711:or
359:or
322:in
294:.
107:by
2558::
2506:.
2502:.
2451:.
2447:.
2435:^
2418:.
2410:.
2402:.
2394:.
2382:.
2378:.
2343:.
2339:.
2313:.
2252:.
2248:.
2237:^
2220:.
2216:.
2190:.
2162:.
2145:^
2127:.
2123:.
2110:^
2081:.
2055:.
2051:.
2025:.
2021:.
1995:.
1987:.
1979:.
1969:33
1967:.
1963:.
1936:.
1928:.
1918:25
1916:.
1912:.
1885:.
1875:25
1873:.
1869:.
1818:.
1812:.
1784:.
1780:.
1766:^
1752:.
1727:.
1719:.
1711:.
1701:28
1699:.
1695:.
1671:^
1652:14
1650:.
1646:.
1634:^
1616:.
1612:.
1553:.
1502:.
1498:.
1368:.
1346:.
1260:.
1248:.
1244:.
1220:.
1206:.
1202:.
1179:.
1169:39
1163:.
1140:.
1132:.
1120:.
1116:.
1093:.
1083:58
1081:.
1077:.
1023:.
998:.
994:.
853:.
835:.
827:,
745:.
606:A
599:A
592:A
573:.
69:.
2546:.
2517:.
2488:.
2463:.
2429:.
2398::
2390::
2354:.
2325:.
2290:.
2264:.
2231:.
2202:.
2176:.
2139:.
2093:.
2067:.
2037:.
2007:.
1975::
1948:.
1897:.
1854:.
1829:.
1798:.
1738:.
1707::
1665:.
1628:.
1598:.
1583:.
1568:.
1539:.
1514:.
1484:.
1459:.
1434:.
1409:.
1384:.
1313:.
1268:.
1256::
1250:9
1228:.
1214::
1208:1
1187:.
1175::
1148:.
1128::
1101:.
1089::
1062:.
1035:.
1009:.
536:)
530:(
525:)
521:(
507:.
374:.
363:.
302:(
257:)
251:(
239:)
233:(
228:)
224:(
220:.
181:)
177:(
167:.
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
101:.
76:)
72:(
37:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)