124:
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99:, Parsons created a large educational garden in the 1902 as a way to "show how willing and anxious children are to work, and to teach them in their work some necessary civic virtues; private care of public property, economy, honesty, application concentration, self-government, civic pride, justice, the dignity of labor, and the love of nature by opening to their minds the little we know of her mysteries, more wonderful than any fairy tale." By 1911,
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64:(AICP). The committee promoted the idea of gardening on vacant lots following the success of the first community gardening program in Detroit as a way to address food insecurity and lessen the reliance on charities and taxpayers. The committee also advocated for gardens as a way to develop skills in the hopes that gardeners would relocate to the country. The gardens were located in
159:, bankruptcy, and corruption. Buildings were abandoned or allowed to fall into disrepair throughout the city. The city then claimed these properties when they defaulted on their loans and were often destroyed through demolition, decay and arson which led to vacant spaces that gardens would later claim. During this time, roughly 11,000
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made plans to build housing on over 40 city-owned sites housing community gardens citing the need for affordable housing. These gardens had signed interim-use agreements with GreenThumb and city maps showed them as vacant spaces. The R.F.Q. to sell lots to developers for $ 1 was not made publicly and
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which provides resources and coordinates leases for city-owned vacant land. Originally called "Operation GreenThumb," it was formed in 1978 and was originally sponsored by the City
Department of General Services. In 1984, 10-year leases for gardens were introduced. In 1988, GreenThumb expanded their
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Community gardens provide neighborhoods with communal space that is often lacking in New York City and becomes more rare as gentrification, displacement, and development spread throughout the City. Community gardens provide spaces of agricultural production, community, and ethnic expression. With-in
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New York City
Housing Authority (NYCHA) is New York City's largest property owner and provides support for over 700 gardens throughout its 328 public housing developments. Since 1963, NYCHA has host its annual Garden and Greening Awards Competition for residents. It was inspired by Chicago's public
340:
New York
Restoration Project (NYRP) was founded in 1995 by Bette Midler when the organization transformed a vacant lot into Highbridge Park in Upper Manhattan. In 1999, NYRP raised $ 1.2 million to purchase 50 gardens that would have otherwise been auctioned off by the Giuliani administration. NYRP
205:(ULURP). There were no use restrictions placed on these lots and local coalitions were formed in opposition staging demonstrations, participating in political events, utilizing formal approaches such as lawsuits, and built networks. 112 of the gardens were purchased by two land-trust organizations,
310:
Today, GreenThumb is the largest urban gardening program in the United States supporting over 550 gardens and 20,000 garden members throughout the city. Most of its community gardens are a single lot, but add up to over 100 acres of public open space. GreenThumb provides resources including: soil,
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was inducted after running on a platform of fighting crime, reducing homelessness, and privatizing public land and services. After declaring a housing crisis, Giuliani supported developing vacant lots, including ones with gardens citing the licenses with the gardens established them as interim-use
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To be in good standing with GreenThumb, garden groups must register every four years, sign the license agreement, provide keys to the gate, and submit the garden's bylaws. The license agreement includes posting signage, maintaining open hours, active membership, and the garden space; host public
76:
for the roughly 100 families who tended the land ranged from one-quarter of an acre to eight acres. By the end of the first season, the program was deemed a success growing $ 11,000 worth of produce with a clear profit margin for farmers. In 1898, the AICP published a report about the gardening
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issue rather than housing vs. gardens argument. Gardeners also framed the threat of development as a threat to their communities citing gardens were a space where a diverse population was able to work together while building community and becoming a larger voice to the city together.
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A study of 35 community gardens in East Harlem found gardeners to have deep place-attachment to their gardens, with the community gardens also contributing to general sense of neighborhood pride. A case study of several New York City community gardens after
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housing and felt that a competition would encourage pride in their homes and a sense of community. Award winners are selected in every borough and citywide in categories including Best Flower Garden, Best
Vegetable Garden and Best Children's Theme Garden.
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settled the lawsuit by
Spitzer which preserved 500 gardens by placing them in the jurisdiction of City agencies, leaving approximately 150 gardens open for development. The success of the preservation of the gardens is due to re-framing the conflict as a
198:
spaces and would eventually be developed into housing. A majority of the proposed units were market rate, with only 20 percent available for moderate-income households. This created a controversy between the administration and city-greening advocates.
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indicated that they served as a community of practice helping to support each other before and after the storm. New York City community gardens have also been shown to reduce storm water runoff due to pervious surfaces as well as raised beds and
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transferred from private to public ownership. Neighborhood residents began to create gardens on this vacant land, without city sanction or government assistance. In 1962, one of the first gardens, El JardĂn del ParaĂso, was formed by
46:
throughout New York City. The community garden movement in NYC began in the Lower East Side during the disrepair of the 1960s on vacant, unused land. These first gardens were tended without governmental permission or assistance.
259:
New York City, there is a range of types of community gardens from those that designate plots, which results in a "patchwork of private property" to those that communally manage the growing operation and decision making.
250:
gardeners found out about the initiative through 596 Acres, a non-profit who maps open city land and advocates for community uses. In
January 2016, 36 of the gardens were conveyed into Parks Department to remain gardens.
175:(NYCHA) started the Citywide Resident Garden Competition, providing resources to NYCHA residents to see who could grow the best gardens. The program has since been renamed as the Garden and Greening Awards Competition.
213:. A second proposed sale of over 600 gardens included land use restrictions that developers needed to use some of the land for 'civic functions.' In 2000, the city sent bulldozers to level an unprotected
123:
630:
Many community gardens in New York are bulldozed to make way for new construction. This new construction commonly leads to gentrification. These gardens include (but are not limited to):
356:
In 1999, through negotiations with the City of New York, The Trust for Public Land (TPL) diverted 113 New York gardens from public auction. The TPL purchased 63 gardens for $ 3 million.
529:
115:
all hosted school gardens following the success in DeWitt
Clinton Park. In 1917, New York City schools reported gardens on school grounds, parks, vacant lots, and home gardens.
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were formed and begun to throw “seed green-aids” to beautify vacant lots. They eventually turned their attention to a vacant lot at Bowery and
Houston Streets which became the
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soil amendments. Finally, community gardens in the Bronx and East Harlem were found to harbor over 50 bee species, providing pollination for locally grown crops.
380:
In addition to its gardens, NYCHA has six farms on its properties. Farms are constructed and operated by 18-24 year-old residents who are Green City Force (GCF)
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also opposed the administration by recommending state environmental review or an act of the
Legislature needed to happen before the sale of community gardens.
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61:
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lumber, supplies, plant materials, and compost. Every year since 1984, GreenThumb holds the GrowTogether
Conference for gardeners around the city.
299:
187:
368:(BQLT) was incorporated to manage community gardens in the City of New York. The BQLT currently owns 35 community gardens in Brooklyn and Queens.
225:
citing campaign contributions given to Giuliani during his campaign for mayor from the developer proposing to build on the site. Attorney General
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created GreenThumb in 1978 to provide resources and license community gardens. By 1985, there was an estimated 1,000 gardens in New York City.
3930:
2554:
186:, the first city-sanctioned community garden in 1974. After investing time as squatters, gardeners advocated for formal recognition and the
127:
Manhattan farmers cultivate their thriving garden on the former site of a brewery from 92nd to 93rd Street and from 2nd to 3rd Avenue, 1970.
3570:
3834:
1217:"Culturing community development, neighborhood open space, and civic agriculture: The case of Latino community gardens in New York City"
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2006:
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702:"QUARTER-ACRE FARMING A SUCCESS; Over $ 6,000 Profit for Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor's City Lot Tillers"
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2122:
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3113:
829:
Staeheli, Lynn A.; Mitchell, Don; Gibson, Kristina (2002). "Conflicting rights to the city in New York's community gardens".
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As adult interest in gardens began to wane, there was a renewed interest in children's gardening with the advocacy of
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In January 1999, 114 gardens were put up for public auction without input from the community usually provided by the
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administration to form MillionTreesNYC, whose goal was to plant a million trees in the five boroughs by 2017.
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515:
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771:
Smith, Christopher M.; Kurtz, Hilda E. (2003). "Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York City".
469:
335:
206:
881:"Re-discovering Community Gardens and Puerto Rican Roots in New York | Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños"
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work to provide support for school gardens and in 2010 founded the Grow to Learn program partnership with
3543:
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737:"School Gardens : Grown from the Past: A Short History of Community Gardening in the United States"
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999:
587:
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1318:
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2942:"Power at the Roots: Gentrification, Community Gardens, and the Puerto Ricans of the Lower East Side"
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created and cared for by city residents who steward the often underutilized land. There are over 550
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Nothing Yet Community Garden one day after announcing it was sold to a developer, May 22, 2013
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3417:
3303:
1471:"Bumble bee abundance in New York City community gardens: implications for urban agriculture"
1264:"Visions of Public Space: Reproducing and Resisting Social Hierarchies in a Community Garden"
112:
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program as an ideal solution to unemployment and listed similar projects in nineteen cities.
73:
2675:
2569:"The 91st Garden at PS 84 | West Side Rag : News about the Upper West Side of New York"
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3065:"The Tale of Two Community Gardens: Green Aesthetics Versus Food Justice in the Big Apple"
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8:
1933:
842:
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84:
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2700:"Empty Lot Used as Dumping Ground Turned Into Community Garden on Stockholm in Bushwick"
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events; and assume risk. Chickens, bees, rabbits, and fish may all be kept in gardens.
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2240:
1958:
1809:
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2852:"Community Gardens Imperiled by New York's Affordable Housing Plans (Published 2016)"
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2031:"Down to Earth Garden – formerly, Children's Garden – 546 E 12th St, New York, NY"
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104:
1959:"New York City Garden Coalition | De Colores Community Yard and Cultural Center"
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143:
3080:
1841:"Bklyn Community Gardens Unite in Protest Against Trump's Immigration Policies"
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1359:
534:
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60:
In 1895, the first gardens were founded in New York City by a committee of the
2957:
2530:"Community Pitches in for Hernan Pagan, Heart of Bushwick's 'People's Garden'"
1910:"Children's Magical Garden | The Lo-Down : News from the Lower East Side"
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which was founded in 1978. The leveling of the garden caused concern from the
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2362:
1360:"Refuges of local resilience: Community gardens in post-Sandy New York City"
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3865:
3013:
Esperanza Community Garden Direct Action New York City East Village Arrests
2806:
2147:
1982:
156:
1487:
1860:
1319:"Environmental and social dimensions of community gardens in East Harlem"
641:
285:
136:
1529:
1295:
1123:"Wary of a New Threat, Community Garden Activists in New York Look Back"
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800:
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39:
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2607:
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3376:
3364:
1530:"Grow to Learn NYC: the Citywide School Gardens Initiative | GrowNYC"
1393:"Estimating stormwater runoff for community gardens in New York City"
341:
currently owns and manages 52 community gardens throughout the city.
905:"Rich Harvest at the 45th Annual Garden Awards Ceremony in Brooklyn"
3370:
2941:
2717:
925:"Hosts the 49th Annual Garden and Greening Awards Ceremony - NYCHA"
2435:
2074:
969:"Liz Christy Community Garden | The Cultural Landscape Foundation"
139:'s "Urban Garden" on the Lower East Side of New York City in 1984.
2885:"After Uprooting Gardeners, City Razes a Garden (Published 2000)"
2030:
304:
274:
3145:
2555:"The Rooftop Garden at PS 84 | Spectrum NY1.com : News NYC"
87:
garden area in 1906 with the unobstructed views of the Palisades
3382:
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38:
on city property, over 745 school gardens, over 100 gardens in
2098:
1554:
80:
3034:"Invasive Species: Developers See Green in Community Gardens"
1765:"Albert's Garden, NYC | Community Garden in the East Village"
1764:
1159:"Brooklyn Community Gardeners React to De Blasio Admin. Deal"
2917:"Play For Keeps: The Struggle to Save NYC Community Gardens"
2412:"Miraflores Community Garden | New York Restoration Project"
2171:
307:
and the Mayors Fund which includes over 745 school gardens.
62:
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
1432:"Bee richness and abundance in New York City urban gardens"
1000:"History of the Community Garden Movement : NYC Parks"
678:
City Bountiful: A Century of Community Gardening in America
1448:
10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[140:BRAAIN]2.0.CO;2
1215:
Saldivar-tanaka, Laura; Krasny, Marianne E. (2004-01-01).
3106:
The Struggle for Eden: Community Gardens in New York City
2289:"Kenkeleba House & Sculpture Garden | Gardens Rising"
1658:
910:. New York City Housing Authority Journal. November 2007.
151:
In the 1960s and 1970s, New York City was experiencing a
2783:"9th Street Community Garden and Park | Open Green Map"
2655:
2505:"New York City Garden Coalition | 6BC Botanical Garden"
2265:"How Sheryll Durrant, Urban Farmer, Spends Her Sundays"
2241:"New York City Garden Coalition | Jardin of Los Amigos"
625:
253:
1861:"Campos Community Garden-East Village-Manhattan - NYC"
828:
680:. University of California Press. pp. 26–27, 46.
262:
2831:"11th Street Community Garden | Manhattan Land Trust"
1214:
3140:
3063:
Aptekar, Sofya; Myers, Justin S. (January 2, 2020).
1810:"New York City Garden Coalition | Brisas del Caribe"
2763:"6 & B Garden | The 6 & B Community Garden"
2656:"Siempre Verde Garden – A LES NYC Community Garden"
2051:"Grow Me A Garden - Earth People Community Garden"
371:
2123:"What's In a Name? The Fireman's Memorial Garden"
1886:"17 years later, Carmen's garden finally reopens"
556:PS 84 Lillian Weber 91st street Garden Classroom
3912:
2007:"The Dorothy Strelsin Memorial Community Garden"
1090:"After Uprooting Gardeners, City Razes a Garden"
387:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
329:
118:
3661:New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)
2980:"Opinion | Death of a Garden (Published 2000)"
2738:"5th Street Slope Children's Garden | GrowNYC"
1436:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
919:
917:
298:GreenThumb is the program administered by the
3161:
553:PS 84 Lillian Weber Rooftop Garden Classroom
359:
3062:
2946:Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews
2676:"Smiling Hogshead Ranch in Queens, New York"
1826:
351:
1683:"Urban Growing and Gardening - Food Policy"
914:
55:
3168:
3154:
1181:
770:
433:Dorothy Strelsin Memorial Community Garden
394:List of community gardens in New York City
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1468:
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1316:
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284:
142:
130:
122:
79:
3921:Community gardening in New York (state)
3190:Index of New York City-related articles
3103:
2882:
2527:
1659:"Brooklyn Queens Land Trust - About Us"
1261:
1087:
14:
3913:
2521:
675:
300:NYC Department of Parks and Recreation
3586:John F. Kennedy International Airport
3534:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
3149:
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1600:
1584:"GreenThumb Gardeners' Handbook 2019"
1578:
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1152:
1150:
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994:
992:
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988:
562:Sam and Sadie Koenig Community Garden
289:Jefferson Market Garden, West Village
280:
3931:Community gardening in New York City
3596:Newark Liberty International Airport
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671:
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626:Former community gardens in New York
614:9th Street Community Garden and Park
494:Know Waste Lands/Tierra Sin Desecho
478:Hattie Carthan Community Garden Farm
254:Community gardens as community space
217:, a community garden located in the
2849:
1740:"Farms at NYCHA - Green City Force"
1364:Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
1184:"In Community Gardens, a New Weed?"
1057:"Democrats Fault Mayor Over Garden"
263:Research on social-ecological value
223:New York State Democratic Committee
24:
3055:
2632:"Grow Me A Garden - Secret Garden"
2480:"Parque de Tranquilidad | GrowNYC"
1934:"Creative Little Garden | GrowNYC"
1624:
1597:
1571:
1495:
1182:Tortorello, Michael (2015-02-11).
1147:
985:
843:10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010839.59734.01
785:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2003.tb00029.x
501:La Plaza Cultural de Armando Perez
188:Department of Parks and Recreation
168:residents in the Lower East Side.
28:Community gardens in New York City
25:
18:Community Gardens in New York City
3942:
3175:
3124:
1336:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.10.009
815:
753:
726:
662:
418:/Carmen Pabon Del Amanecer Jardin
203:Uniform Land Use Review Procedure
155:and disinvestment resulting from
3895:
3894:
3881:
3346:
2850:Nir, Sarah Maslin (2016-01-23).
2436:"Morning Glory Community Garden"
2217:"Grow Me A Garden - Hope Garden"
1983:"Dias y Flores Community Garden"
1608:"63 NYC Community Gardens Saved"
3026:
3004:
2972:
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2909:
2876:
2843:
2823:
2799:
2775:
2755:
2730:
2710:
2692:
2668:
2648:
2624:
2608:"Sam & Sadie Koenig Garden"
2600:
2575:
2561:
2547:
2528:Edwards, Jessy (2 April 2021).
2497:
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2448:
2428:
2404:
2379:
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2330:
2305:
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2257:
2233:
2209:
2196:"Greenspace @ President Street"
2188:
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2140:
2115:
2091:
2067:
2043:
2023:
1999:
1975:
1951:
1926:
1902:
1877:
1853:
1802:
1785:"All People's Garden | GrowNYC"
1777:
1757:
1732:
1708:"Urban Gardeners Claim Victory"
1699:
1675:
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1547:
1522:
1462:
1423:
1384:
1351:
1310:
1255:
1208:
1175:
1114:
1081:
1055:Lueck, Thomas J. (2000-02-19).
1048:
1016:
961:
949:"Our History | Green Guerillas"
372:New York City Housing Authority
173:New York City Housing Authority
1987:Dias y Flores Community Garden
1157:Rosengren, Cole (2016-01-04).
1121:Moynihan, Colin (2015-02-15).
941:
897:
873:
694:
611:6th Street and Avenue B Garden
530:Morning Glory Community Garden
474:Greenspace at President Street
430:Dias y Flores Community Garden
344:In 2007, NYRP worked with the
318:
68:on 7,200 city lots donated by
13:
1:
2883:Chivers, C. J. (2000-02-16).
1088:Chivers, C. J. (2000-02-16).
655:
516:Maple Street Community Garden
439:Earth People Community Garden
388:Community gardens in New York
293:
3136:New York Restoration Project
3069:Agriculture and Human Values
2338:"La Casita Community Garden"
1323:Landscape and Urban Planning
1221:Agriculture and Human Values
620:11th Street Community Garden
470:Green Oasis Community Garden
336:New York Restoration Project
330:New York Restoration Project
207:New York Restoration Project
119:Community gardening movement
7:
3815:East Bronx expansion (1895)
3104:Hassell, Malve von (2002).
545:Peach Tree Community Garden
526:Miraflores Community Garden
427:De Colores Community Garden
44:public housing developments
10:
3947:
3855:hybrid variant (2020–2021)
3141:Brooklyn Queens Land Trust
3081:10.1007/s10460-019-10011-w
2940:Martinez, Miranda (2012).
2387:"Miracle Garden | GrowNYC"
2293:gardensrisingsuperview.org
1706:Yang, Linda (1995-08-17).
1663:Brooklyn Queens Land Trust
1506:"GreenThumb - NYC Service"
1475:Cities and the Environment
1377:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.06.005
588:West Side Community Garden
579:Stockholm Community Garden
497:La Casita Community Garden
391:
366:Brooklyn Queens Land Trust
360:Brooklyn Queens Land Trust
333:
322:
50:
42:, and over 700 gardens at
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3355:
3344:
3198:
3185:
2958:10.1177/0094306112449614p
2718:"About – Vamos A Sembrar"
2509:www.earthcelebrations.com
2245:www.earthcelebrations.com
1963:www.earthcelebrations.com
1814:www.earthcelebrations.com
1409:10.1007/s11252-016-0575-8
1233:10.1007/s10460-003-1248-9
676:Lawson, Laura J. (2005).
648:Chico Mendez Mural Garden
604:462 Halsey Community Farm
458:Firemen's Memorial Garden
421:Children's Magical Garden
352:The Trust for Public Land
3926:Culture of New York City
3888:New York City portal
1884:amNY (28 October 2016).
885:centropr.hunter.cuny.edu
593:William A. Harris Garden
56:Early gardening programs
3810:Annexed District (1874)
3108:. Bergin & Garvey.
2807:"11 Bc Serenity Garden"
2075:"El Jardin del Paraiso"
1635:"Mission & History"
1262:Aptekar, Sofya (2015).
608:5th Street Slope Garden
448:Elizabeth Street Garden
412:Campos Community Garden
234:Mayor Michael Bloomberg
3522:Vision Zero Initiative
2367:M'Finda Kalunga Garden
2079:eljardindelparaiso.org
617:11 BC Community Garden
575:Smiling Hogshead Ranch
542:Parque de Tranquilidad
520:M'Finda Kalunga Garden
424:Creative Little Garden
290:
148:
140:
128:
93:Fannie Griscom Parsons
88:
3554:Long Island Rail Road
3549:Staten Island Railway
2636:www.growmeagarden.com
2221:www.growmeagarden.com
2148:"First Street Garden"
2055:www.growmeagarden.com
1612:Trust for Public Land
1488:10.15365/cate.2152009
1391:Gittleman, M (2017).
1317:Petrovic, N. (2019).
600:Veronica Place Garden
452:El Jardin Del Paraiso
334:Further information:
288:
211:Trust for Public Land
146:
134:
126:
113:Thomas Jefferson Park
95:in New York City. In
83:
3559:Metro-North Railroad
3486:Emergency Management
3289:Environmental issues
2787:www.opengreenmap.org
2172:"Green Oasis Garden"
2127:Village Preservation
1469:Matteson, K (2009).
1430:Matteson, K (2008).
741:Community of Gardens
583:Taqwa Community Farm
571:Siempre Verde Garden
436:Down to Earth Garden
247:Mayor Bill de Blasio
3840:9/11 terror attacks
3571:Bridges and tunnels
3428:Community Districts
1914:www.thelodownny.com
1024:"Death of a Garden"
1004:www.nycgovparks.org
773:Geographical Review
549:The People's Garden
506:Le Petit Versailles
488:Kelly Street Garden
461:First Street Garden
443:East New York Farms
403:All People's Garden
195:Mayor Rudy Giuliani
97:DeWitt Clinton Park
85:DeWitt Clinton Park
3745:Elementary schools
3740:Dept. of Education
3452:Emergency services
3423:Borough presidents
2984:The New York Times
2889:The New York Times
2856:The New York Times
2363:"About the Garden"
2313:"Know Waste Lands"
2176:Green Oasis Garden
2103:elsolbrillante.org
2099:"El Sol Brillante"
1712:The New York Times
1510:www.nycservice.org
1280:10.1111/socf.12152
1268:Sociological Forum
1188:The New York Times
1127:The New York Times
1094:The New York Times
1061:The New York Times
1028:The New York Times
706:The New York Times
511:Liz Christy Garden
409:Bushwick City Farm
291:
281:Gardening programs
184:Liz Christy Garden
149:
141:
129:
89:
32:urban green spaces
3908:
3907:
3846:COVID-19 pandemic
3626:Community gardens
3591:LaGuardia Airport
3391:(Richmond County)
3379:(New York County)
3115:978-0-89789-858-4
2744:. 26 October 2007
2589:. 11 October 2019
2486:. 26 October 2007
2393:. 26 October 2007
1940:. 26 October 2007
1791:. 26 October 2007
1358:Chan, J. (2015).
485:Jardin Los Amigos
406:Brisas Del Caribe
36:community gardens
16:(Redirected from
3938:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3648:Farmers' markets
3350:
3179:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3119:
3100:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2317:Know Waste Lands
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1742:. Archived from
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1397:Urban Ecosystems
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
996:
983:
982:
980:
979:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
921:
912:
911:
909:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
877:
871:
870:
837:(2/3): 197–205.
826:
813:
812:
768:
751:
750:
748:
747:
733:
724:
723:
721:
720:
698:
692:
691:
673:
636:Esperanza Garden
491:Kenkeleba Garden
455:El Sol Brillante
215:Esperanza Garden
101:St. Nicolas Park
70:William Steinway
66:Long Island City
21:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3882:
3880:
3870:
3778:Prehistory-1664
3759:
3726:
3695:"Sixth borough"
3602:
3490:
3479:law enforcement
3447:
3394:
3385:(Queens County)
3351:
3342:
3223:ethnic enclaves
3194:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3058:
3056:Further reading
3053:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2994:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2901:
2899:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2848:
2844:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2811:Living Lots NYC
2805:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2742:www.grownyc.org
2736:
2735:
2731:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2612:Living Lots NYC
2606:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2484:www.grownyc.org
2478:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2460:Living Lots NYC
2456:"Orchard Alley"
2454:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2391:www.grownyc.org
2385:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2369:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2152:Living Lots NYC
2146:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1938:www.grownyc.org
1932:
1931:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1865:camposcommunity
1859:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1789:www.grownyc.org
1783:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1534:www.grownyc.org
1528:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1467:
1463:
1428:
1424:
1389:
1385:
1356:
1352:
1315:
1311:
1260:
1256:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1006:
998:
997:
986:
977:
975:
967:
966:
962:
953:
951:
947:
946:
942:
933:
931:
923:
922:
915:
907:
903:
902:
898:
889:
887:
879:
878:
874:
827:
816:
769:
754:
745:
743:
735:
734:
727:
718:
716:
700:
699:
695:
688:
674:
663:
658:
653:
628:
623:
597:Vamos a Sembrar
416:Carmen's Garden
400:Albert's Garden
396:
390:
374:
362:
354:
338:
332:
327:
321:
296:
283:
270:Hurricane Sandy
265:
256:
245:In early 2015,
239:quality of life
219:Lower East Side
180:Green Guerillas
121:
105:Highbridge Park
58:
53:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3944:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3892:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3843:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3820:1898 expansion
3817:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3527:Port Authority
3524:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3496:Transportation
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3373:(Kings County)
3368:
3367:(Bronx County)
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3299:food and water
3296:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3125:External links
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3101:
3075:(3): 779–792.
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3025:
3003:
2986:. 2000-02-17.
2971:
2952:(4): 498–500.
2932:
2908:
2875:
2842:
2822:
2798:
2774:
2754:
2729:
2709:
2691:
2667:
2647:
2623:
2599:
2574:
2560:
2546:
2520:
2496:
2471:
2447:
2427:
2403:
2378:
2353:
2329:
2304:
2280:
2256:
2232:
2208:
2187:
2163:
2139:
2114:
2090:
2066:
2042:
2022:
1998:
1974:
1950:
1925:
1901:
1876:
1852:
1825:
1801:
1776:
1756:
1731:
1698:
1674:
1650:
1623:
1596:
1591:GreenThumb NYC
1570:
1546:
1521:
1494:
1461:
1442:(1): 140–150.
1422:
1403:(1): 129–139.
1383:
1370:(3): 625–635.
1350:
1309:
1274:(1): 209–227.
1254:
1227:(4): 399–412.
1207:
1174:
1146:
1113:
1080:
1047:
1030:. 2000-02-17.
1015:
984:
960:
940:
913:
896:
872:
814:
779:(2): 193–212.
752:
725:
708:. 1895-10-20.
693:
686:
660:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:
645:
642:Garden of Eden
639:
632:
627:
624:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
601:
598:
595:
590:
585:
580:
577:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
546:
543:
540:
537:
535:Open Road Park
532:
527:
524:
523:Miracle Garden
521:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
475:
472:
467:
465:Garden of Eden
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
445:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
397:
392:Main article:
389:
386:
373:
370:
361:
358:
353:
350:
331:
328:
320:
317:
295:
292:
282:
279:
264:
261:
255:
252:
135:Above view of
120:
117:
57:
54:
52:
49:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3943:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:New Amsterdam
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
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157:white flight
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3245:skyscrapers
2921:PAPER TIGER
2704:Brownstoner
2583:"Q Gardens"
2269:nytimes.com
1481:(1): 1–12.
1163:City Limits
482:Hope Garden
319:Land trusts
161:vacant lots
137:Adam Purple
40:land trusts
3915:Categories
3861:Moving Day
3652:Libraries
3517:former BOT
3400:Government
3131:GreenThumb
3044:2021-05-27
3020:2021-02-07
2997:2021-02-07
2926:2021-02-07
2902:2021-02-07
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2514:2021-02-07
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2465:2021-02-07
2441:2024-05-04
2421:2024-05-04
2397:2021-02-07
2372:2021-02-07
2361:tedglass.
2347:2021-02-07
2298:2021-02-07
2274:2024-05-04
2250:2021-02-07
2226:2021-02-07
2202:2023-10-21
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2133:2021-02-07
2108:2021-02-07
2084:2021-02-07
2060:2021-02-07
2036:2021-02-07
2016:2021-02-07
1992:2021-02-07
1968:2021-02-07
1944:2021-02-07
1919:2021-02-07
1895:2021-02-07
1870:2021-02-07
1846:2021-02-12
1819:2021-02-07
1795:2021-02-07
1770:2021-02-07
1750:2019-05-01
1725:2019-10-08
1692:2019-05-01
1668:2019-04-29
1644:2019-04-29
1617:2024-05-04
1564:2019-05-01
1540:2019-05-01
1515:2019-05-01
1201:2019-04-29
1168:2019-05-02
1140:2019-04-29
1107:2019-04-29
1074:2019-04-29
1041:2019-04-29
1009:2019-04-29
978:2019-04-29
954:2019-04-29
934:2019-05-01
890:2019-04-29
831:GeoJournal
746:2019-04-29
719:2024-01-11
656:References
382:AmeriCorps
325:Land trust
323:See also:
294:GreenThumb
74:Allotments
3830:1946–1977
3825:1898–1945
3803:Civil War
3798:1855–1897
3793:1784–1854
3788:1665–1783
3732:Education
3715:landmarks
3688:Big Apple
3683:Nicknames
3508:Entities
3459:Hospitals
3413:Elections
3377:Manhattan
3365:The Bronx
3331:Manhattan
3274:Geography
3267:companies
3240:monuments
3097:209523461
3089:1572-8366
2992:0362-4331
2966:144977358
2897:0362-4331
2864:0362-4331
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1720:0362-4331
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851:0343-2521
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714:0362-4331
559:Q Gardens
384:Members.
346:Bloomberg
232:In 2002,
193:In 1994,
3900:Category
3773:Timeline
3755:Colleges
3656:Brooklyn
3581:Airports
3433:Politics
3371:Brooklyn
3357:Boroughs
3326:Brooklyn
3235:Art Deco
3211:timeline
3199:By topic
3038:Observer
2539:18 April
2416:nyrp.org
1456:54868302
1345:92049311
1296:43653978
973:tclf.org
859:41147766
801:30033906
209:and the
3765:History
3710:gardens
3705:Tourism
3673:Museums
3636:Dialect
3631:Cuisine
3608:Culture
3576:Streets
3504:History
3443:Toilets
3418:Council
3316:history
3279:Climate
3262:Economy
3206:History
1555:"About"
1417:6423035
305:GrowNYC
275:compost
51:History
3842:(2001)
3700:Sports
3666:Queens
3641:accent
3539:Subway
3469:Police
3383:Queens
3336:Queens
3252:People
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638:, 2000
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3720:parks
3678:Music
3621:Books
3474:crime
3408:Mayor
3284:Flags
3257:Media
3093:S2CID
2962:S2CID
2322:4 May
1587:(PDF)
1452:S2CID
1413:S2CID
1341:S2CID
1300:S2CID
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1245:S2CID
908:(PDF)
863:S2CID
855:JSTOR
805:S2CID
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3853:cron
3848:and
3616:Arts
3566:PATH
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3304:rats
3110:ISBN
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2541:2021
2342:NYRP
2324:2024
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