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backbone of a LEADER area, they are (in most cases) developed in close cooperation with local and regional stakeholders, such as citizens, members of the LAG and other private or public partners (bottom-up approach). Each LDS must involve a relatively small area, with a population of between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants.
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Writing in the
Regional Studies Association blog, Haris Martinos of points out that the idea of local development arose spontaneously in the 1980s before attracting the interest of EU policy-makers and being operationalised within the LEADER programme in 1991. However policy interest declined in the
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initiative to support the decentralised management of development projects, primarily in rural, but also in coastal and urban areas, by involving relevant local actors, including local organizations and associations, as well as individual citizens. At first it was limited to the rural areas under the
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CLLD projects are managed by local action groups (LAGs). Members of LAG may be public authorities (such as municipalities or other local or regional public bodies), public-private entities, associations, NGOs, companies, citizens and many more types of players. Decisions are taken in executive
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Projects are implemented as part of local development strategies (LDSs), which include in-depth assessments of the area, objectives and expected results. A new LDS is developed for each programming period, allowing new challenges and opportunities to be addressed. As the LDSs present the main
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2000s. After 2010 interest resurged and the ‘CLLD’ label was introduced for the 2014-2021 EU programming period. However there are fears that CLLD has lost its strategic purpose and become reduced to a bureaucracy for spending relatively small sums of public money.
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In France, the whole country is eligible with the exception of urban areas with over 50,000 inhabitants. France has 140 local action groups. In
Luxembourg, all of the country's rural municipalities are eligible (with one exception). Luxembourg has 5 LAGs.
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LEADER is funded by the
European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) investment pillar (Pillar II) and is implemented by the Member State's CAP Strategic Plans during the 2023-2027 programming period.
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The
European Network for Rural Development lists 3,134 local action Groups. The approach has been used widely across the European Union, but also in countries of the Eastern Partnership, such as Georgia.
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In the programming period (2014-2020), the LEADER method was extended to cover not only rural but also coastal (FARNET) and urban areas under the general designation
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Public-private partnership: LAGs are balanced groups involving public and private-sector actors, which can mobilise all available skills and resources
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of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
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LEADER I (1991–93) supported 217 LAGS with EU funding of €0.442 billion from the
European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (
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331:). The approach is regularly evaluated, and also discussed widely in academic literature on local economic and social development.
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Co-operation: among LEADER groups, for instance to share experiences, allow complementarity or to achieve critical mass
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committees in which private players must have at least 51% of the votes, thus avoiding public-sector control.
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LEADER+ (2000–06) supported 893 LAGs with EU funding of €2.105 billion, and a total budget of €5.05 billion
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Khartishvili, Lela; Muhar, Andreas; Dax, Thomas; Khelashvili, Ioseb (January 2019).
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576:"Rural Tourism in Georgia in Transition: Challenges for Regional Sustainability"
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LEADER II (1994–99) supported 906 LAGs with EU funding of €1.755 billion
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Zavratnik, Veronika; Kos, Andrej; Stojmenova Duh, Emilija (2018).
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Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
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The 7 principles of the LEADER/CLLD local development approach
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ELARD, the
European LEADER association for Rural Development
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Economic and
Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
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Liaison entre actions de développement de l'économie rurale
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376:. LEADER developed seven principles of local development.
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EU funding oversight and accountability institutions
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Integration: between economic, social, cultural and
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419:actions, as distinct from a sectoral approach
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50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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279:Learn how and when to remove this message
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159:Learn how and when to remove this message
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370:technical assistance
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387:These are:
362:methodology
356:Methodology
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480:References
423:Networking
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119:newspapers
93:redirected
36:improve it
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602:2071-1050
83:that are
42:talk page
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1251:Erasmus+
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312:name
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598:ISSN
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458:CLLD
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299:The
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