77:
47:
55:
985:
627:
1011:
919:
or to free and paid distribution services. The distribution service then provides the content, as-is, to their media outlets for publication which is usually communicated via online. This approach is often used by political institutions, for example. Another instance would be, Constitutional Courts
800:
professionals often follow a standard professional format for press releases. Additional communication methods that journalists employ include pitch letters and media advisories. Generally, a press release body consists of four to five paragraphs with a word limit ranging from 400 to 500. However,
884:" appears after the boilerplate or body and before the media contact information, indicating to media that the release has ended. A more modern equivalent has been the "###" symbol. In other countries, other means of indicating the end of the release may be used, such as the text "ends".
970:
agreeing to honor the embargo in advance, the journalist has no legal obligation to withhold the information. However, violating the embargo risks damaging their relationship with the issuing organization and their reputation as a writer or journalist. News organizations are sometimes
1006:
Due to Lee's influence, press releases have evolved into a necessity for key details among companies to disclose to the public. Since then, press releases have been used to inform other journalists, PR's, and other media relation people of important events, statistics, and
940:
Video news releases can be in the form of full-blown productions as well. This costs tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of dollars to be produced. Video news releases can also be in the format of TV news, or even produced specifically for the web.
995:, known as the father of modern public relations, made the first press release in October 1906 about a railroad accident involving the Pennsylvania Railroad. The accident caused the death of fifty people in Atlantic City, New Jersey (known as the
975:
after breaking an embargo. Publicists are often encouraged to only share embargoed information with journalists they have an established relationship with and/or are willing to commit to withholding the information until a predesignated time.
784:, consumers want to get their information instantly, bringing about pressure on the news media to output as much material as possible. This may cause news media companies to heavily rely on press releases to create stories.
775:
Although using a press release can save a news outlet time and money, it constrains the format and style of its content. In addition, press releases are favorable towards the organization that commissioned or issued them,
1245:
850:– contains the release date and usually the originating city of the press release. If the date listed is after the date that the information was actually sent to the media, then the sender is requesting a
900:
In the traditional distribution model, the business, political campaign, or other entity releasing information to the media hires a publicity agency to write and distribute written information to the
944:
Some broadcast news outlets have discouraged the use of video news releases because of citing a poor public perception. It could also be viewed as a desire to increase their credibility.
920:
in Europe, U.S. Supreme Court, and the U.S. State
Supreme Courts issue press releases about their own decisions and the news media use these self-published releases for their reporting.
892:, press release writing styles have evolved. Editors of online newsletters, for instance, often lack the staff to convert traditional press release prose into the print-ready copy.
768:
because they help decrease costs and improve the amount of material a media firm can output in a certain amount of time. Due to the material being pre-packaged, press releases save
999:). Lee documented the accident and gave out reports to fellow reporters. The biggest turning point was the honesty that Lee wrote regarding the accident and how truthful it was.
937:
Video news releases may include interviews of movie-stars. These interviews, which have been taped on a set, are located at the movie studio and decorated with the movie's logo.
687:
media for the purpose of providing information, creating an official statement, or making an announcement directed for public release. Press releases are also considered a
1284:
1253:
1382:
Hitt, Matthew P.; Saunders, Kyle L.; Scott, Kevin M. (14 December 2018). "Justice Speaks, but Who's
Listening? Mass Public Awareness of US Supreme Court Cases".
761:), which is a brief report or statement released by a public agency. A communiqué is typically issued after a high-level meeting of international leaders.
1623:
1165:
934:
Some public relations firms send out video news releases (VNRs) which are pre-taped video programs or clips that can be aired intact by TV stations.
1492:
1195:
691:, meaning they are original informants for information. A press release is traditionally composed of nine structural elements, including a
662:
947:
Furthermore, VNRs can be turned into podcasts and then posted onto newswires. A story can also be kept running longer by simply engaging "
1592:
1218:
1510:
Meyer, Philipp (2020). "Explaining Media
Coverage of Constitutional Court Decisions in Germany: The Role of Case Characteristics".
50:
An example of a press release. This is a template for
Knowledge press releases from the Wikimedia Foundation communications team.
1562:
1277:"Social, Content Marketing Strategies, Trends for 2015: EmailWire Press Release Distribution Services Presents Guides, eBooks"
1468:
1358:
1276:
860:– first paragraph in a press release, that generally gives basic answers to the questions of who, what, when, where and why.
38:
2259:
1663:
1088:
874:– generally a short "about" section, providing independent background on the issuing company, organization, or individual.
1306:
Meyer, Philipp (2019). "Judicial public relations: Determinants of press release publication by constitutional courts".
959:
If a press release is distributed before the information is intended to be released to the public it is considered
796:
or media source is considered a press release. This information is released by the act of being sent to the media.
655:
772:
time, not only in writing a story, but also the time and money it would have taken to capture the news firsthand.
1762:
1425:
Vining, Richard L.; Wilhelm, Teena (2010). "Explaining High-Profile
Coverage of State Supreme Court Decisions*".
101:
1615:
1030:
1014:
Atlantic City Train Wreck, 1906. The first event that created a press release. The release was done by Ivy Lee.
996:
31:
2254:
2231:
1934:
272:
151:
1157:
648:
1496:
17:
777:
2030:
1970:
1845:
1840:
1777:
1656:
1055:
967:
963:. An embargo requests that news organizations not report the story until a specified date or time.
368:
308:
187:
182:
116:
1113:
Lewis, Justin; Williams, Andrew; Franklin, Bob (1 February 2008). "A Compromised Fourth Estate?".
2025:
1766:
363:
105:
951:". "Community websites" are monitored and commented on by many journalists and feature writers.
76:
2000:
1925:
1802:
834:– used to grab the attention of journalists and briefly summarize the news in one to six words.
338:
263:
141:
46:
2235:
2156:
2141:
2050:
2035:
1890:
1880:
1584:
494:
479:
388:
373:
232:
222:
58:
2131:
2040:
2020:
2015:
1980:
1950:
1865:
1024:
960:
822:– name, phone number, email address, mailing address, or other contact information for the
469:
378:
358:
353:
318:
288:
207:
54:
8:
2193:
2098:
1990:
1940:
1930:
1900:
1830:
1787:
1649:
1222:
1060:
636:
531:
438:
328:
278:
268:
242:
172:
126:
703:
electronically, ready to use, and often subject to "do not use before" time, known as a
2078:
2055:
1995:
1960:
1870:
1855:
1850:
1772:
1535:
1486:
1407:
1331:
1138:
929:
904:. The newswire then scatters the information as it is received or as investigated by a
889:
418:
393:
333:
298:
212:
197:
192:
111:
699:, introduction, body, and other components. Press releases are typically delivered to
2219:
2204:
2171:
2093:
2083:
2073:
1975:
1916:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1807:
1539:
1527:
1474:
1464:
1442:
1438:
1411:
1399:
1364:
1354:
1335:
1323:
1142:
1130:
948:
866:– further explanation, statistics, background, or other details relevant to the news.
631:
557:
542:
509:
433:
423:
413:
313:
237:
227:
217:
146:
1554:
2209:
2166:
2161:
2088:
2060:
2010:
1965:
1860:
1519:
1434:
1391:
1315:
1122:
870:
823:
797:
717:
547:
504:
499:
428:
398:
348:
303:
202:
1523:
2065:
1985:
1835:
1825:
1723:
1040:
781:
757:
608:
403:
323:
177:
167:
908:. Thus, resulting in the information or announcement becoming public knowledge.
2045:
1797:
1718:
1080:
688:
603:
383:
136:
1187:
1126:
2248:
2150:
2121:
2005:
1713:
1531:
1478:
1446:
1403:
1368:
1327:
1319:
1134:
1050:
1010:
984:
598:
488:
459:
343:
2136:
2126:
1708:
851:
704:
593:
474:
464:
1219:"For Businesses Chasing Recognition, The Print Media Is Losing Its Allure"
2214:
1782:
1035:
765:
552:
121:
2146:
1955:
1905:
1792:
1752:
1688:
1672:
1555:"WHO mistakenly forwards email to BuzzFeed saying 'BuzzFeed is banned'"
916:
905:
838:
809:
793:
769:
700:
573:
518:
484:
293:
247:
131:
91:
68:
2189:
2116:
1693:
1045:
972:
915:. In this approach, press releases are either sent directly to local
578:
527:
454:
1351:
Justices and journalists : the U.S. Supreme Court and the media
2199:
1395:
901:
846:
830:
696:
692:
537:
37:
For guidelines for using press releases as
Knowledge sources, see
1756:
1703:
992:
801:
press release length varies and can range from 300 to 800 words.
588:
95:
1728:
1463:. Davis, Richard, 1955-, Taras, David, 1950-. Cambridge. 2017.
613:
1246:"Wire industry feels the heat as self-publishing tools launch"
1641:
842:– a sub-headline that describes the headline in more detail.
732:
1945:
1747:
1698:
881:
813:
744:
723:
684:
583:
283:
86:
738:
683:) is an official statement delivered to members of the
1461:
Justices and journalists : the global perspective
888:
As the
Internet has assumed growing prominence in the
780:
the topic according to its preferred criteria. In the
1112:
741:
735:
720:
1003:distributed his exact statement and observations.
966:Unless the journalist has signed a legally binding
729:
726:
39:
Knowledge:Independent sources § Press releases
1381:
30:"Communiqué" redirects here. For other uses, see
2246:
1348:
1268:
880:– in North America, traditionally the symbol "
1657:
1424:
1158:"How To Write a Press Release, with Examples"
826:(PR) or other media relations contact person.
656:
1237:
1108:
1106:
1081:"Definition of communiqué | Dictionary.com"
1664:
1650:
1491:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1353:. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
710:A special example of a press release is a
663:
649:
1103:
27:Information provided for public relations
1274:
1188:"Editorial Guidelines for News Releases"
1009:
983:
53:
45:
1216:
792:Any information deliberately sent to a
764:Using press releases can benefit media
14:
2247:
895:
1645:
1509:
1305:
1287:from the original on 22 December 2014
1243:
1155:
756:
1552:
1275:McQuivey, James (10 December 2014).
1198:from the original on 4 February 2022
1168:from the original on 4 February 2022
1156:James, Geoffrey (10 November 2010).
804:Common structural elements include:
1613:
24:
25:
2271:
1626:from the original on 11 June 2021
1595:from the original on 11 June 2021
1565:from the original on 4 March 2021
1217:Goodden, Ron (1 September 2009).
1091:from the original on 11 June 2021
1553:Ries, Brian (13 November 2014).
1439:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00715.x
1018:
716:
625:
75:
1607:
1577:
1546:
1503:
1453:
1418:
1375:
1671:
1342:
1299:
1210:
1180:
1149:
1073:
1031:List of press release agencies
13:
1:
1729:Pundit / commentator
1524:10.1080/10584609.2020.1784329
1066:
614:Pundit / commentator
954:
913:self-published press release
911:An alternative model is the
152:Index of journalism articles
7:
2260:Public relations techniques
2232:List of journalism articles
1244:Human, Tim (11 June 2010).
787:
32:Communiqué (disambiguation)
10:
2276:
1616:"Are Press Releases Dead?"
979:
927:
36:
29:
2229:
2181:
2108:
1915:
1817:
1739:
1679:
1585:"The First Press Release"
1384:Journal of Law and Courts
1127:10.1080/14616700701767974
997:Atlantic City train wreck
820:Media Contact Information
637:Category: Journalism
1427:Social Science Quarterly
1320:10.1177/0263395719885753
1056:Science by press release
968:non-disclosure agreement
923:
1689:Journalists (reporters)
1512:Political Communication
1349:Davis, Richard (2011).
1221:. PRWeb. Archived from
574:Journalists (reporters)
1803:Editorial independence
1015:
989:
142:Editorial independence
62:
51:
2157:Pink-slime journalism
2142:Horse race journalism
1495:) CS1 maint: others (
1013:
987:
928:Further information:
632:Journalism portal
495:Pink-slime journalism
480:Horse race journalism
59:Madison Square Garden
57:
49:
2255:Sources (journalism)
2132:Freedom of the press
1025:Electronic press kit
470:Freedom of the press
2194:Newspaper of record
1061:Submission software
896:Distribution models
532:Newspaper of record
1256:on 18 January 2012
1115:Journalism Studies
1085:www.dictionary.com
1016:
1001:The New York Times
990:
949:community websites
930:Video news release
890:24-hour news cycle
758:[kɔmynike]
63:
52:
2242:
2241:
2220:Alternative media
2172:Yellow journalism
1808:Journalism school
1591:. 10 April 2016.
1470:978-1-108-11488-2
1360:978-0-511-85934-2
679:(also known as a
673:
672:
558:Alternative media
510:Yellow journalism
147:Journalism school
61:News Release 1974
16:(Redirected from
2267:
2167:Propaganda model
2162:Public relations
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1482:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1252:. Archived from
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1225:on 21 April 2017
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1077:
798:Public relations
760:
755:
751:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
665:
658:
651:
630:
629:
628:
505:Propaganda model
500:Public relations
79:
65:
64:
21:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2066:Photojournalism
1935:Interventionism
1911:
1910:
1909:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1675:
1670:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1614:Rampton, John.
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1547:
1508:
1504:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1423:
1419:
1380:
1376:
1361:
1347:
1343:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1150:
1111:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1041:News conference
1021:
982:
957:
932:
926:
898:
824:public relation
790:
753:
719:
715:
669:
626:
624:
404:Photojournalism
273:Interventionism
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2240:
2239:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
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2187:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
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2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:New Journalism
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Human-interest
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Digital/Online
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Sensationalism
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1767:code of ethics
1760:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:News presenter
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1606:
1576:
1545:
1518:(4): 426–446.
1502:
1469:
1452:
1433:(3): 704–723.
1417:
1396:10.1086/701131
1374:
1359:
1341:
1314:(4): 477–493.
1298:
1267:
1236:
1209:
1179:
1148:
1102:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1007:announcements.
981:
978:
956:
953:
925:
922:
897:
894:
886:
885:
875:
867:
861:
855:
843:
835:
827:
817:
789:
786:
689:primary source
671:
670:
668:
667:
660:
653:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
634:
619:
618:
617:
616:
611:
606:
604:News presenter
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
568:
567:
563:
562:
561:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
522:
521:
515:
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513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
449:
448:
444:
443:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
384:New Journalism
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
354:Human-interest
351:
346:
341:
336:
334:Digital/Online
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
266:
258:
257:
253:
252:
251:
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245:
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220:
215:
210:
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195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
162:
161:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
137:Sensationalism
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
106:code of ethics
99:
89:
81:
80:
72:
71:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:News agencies
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2151:False balance
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:Fourth Estate
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2109:Social impact
2107:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:Press release
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Investigative
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Fact-checking
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Collaborative
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1976:Comics-based
1724:Photographer
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2001:Explanatory
1926:Adversarial
1891:Video games
1846:Environment
1788:Attribution
1783:News values
1778:Objectivity
1709:Copy editor
1291:22 December
1260:28 November
1250:IR Magazine
1202:5 September
1162:cbsnews.com
1121:(1): 1–20.
1036:Mat release
973:blacklisted
871:Boilerplate
782:digital age
770:journalists
594:Copy editor
424:Underground
339:Explanatory
264:Adversarial
233:Video games
188:Environment
127:Attribution
122:News values
117:Objectivity
2249:Categories
2190:Newspapers
2182:News media
2147:Media bias
2051:Non-profit
2036:Multimedia
1956:Churnalism
1881:Technology
1793:Defamation
1740:Profession
1673:Journalism
1589:NewsMuseum
1067:References
917:newspapers
906:journalist
810:Letterhead
712:communiqué
701:news media
528:Newspapers
519:News media
485:Media bias
389:Non-profit
374:Multimedia
294:Churnalism
223:Technology
132:Defamation
69:Journalism
18:Communique
2200:Magazines
2117:Fake news
2041:Narrative
2021:Immersion
1981:Community
1951:Broadcast
1694:Columnist
1540:225774793
1532:1058-4609
1487:cite book
1479:974915128
1447:1540-6237
1412:150127344
1404:2164-6570
1369:706491406
1336:213896514
1328:0263-3957
1143:142529875
1135:1461-670X
1046:Spokesman
961:embargoed
955:Embargoes
902:newswires
579:Columnist
538:Magazines
455:Fake news
379:Narrative
359:Immersion
319:Community
289:Broadcast
2234:–
2210:Internet
2099:Watchdog
1991:Database
1946:Blogging
1941:Analytic
1931:Advocacy
1866:Politics
1856:Medicine
1831:Business
1624:Archived
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1559:Mashable
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847:Dateline
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794:reporter
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548:Internet
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329:Database
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269:Advocacy
208:Politics
198:Medicine
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2236:Outline
2079:Tabloid
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1961:Citizen
1901:Weather
1886:Traffic
1871:Science
1851:Fashion
1773:Culture
1757:Five Ws
1699:Blogger
1630:11 June
1599:11 June
1095:11 June
993:Ivy Lee
980:History
778:framing
754:French:
584:Blogger
419:Tabloid
394:Opinion
299:Citizen
243:Weather
228:Traffic
213:Science
193:Fashion
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96:Five Ws
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102:Ethics
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2011:Gonzo
1966:Civic
1906:World
1861:Music
1818:Areas
1680:Roles
1569:2 May
1536:S2CID
1408:S2CID
1332:S2CID
1192:PRWeb
1139:S2CID
1027:(EPK)
924:Video
878:Close
566:Roles
429:Video
399:Peace
349:Gonzo
304:Civic
248:World
203:Music
160:Areas
1986:Data
1836:Data
1826:Arts
1748:News
1632:2021
1601:2021
1571:2019
1528:ISSN
1497:link
1493:link
1475:OCLC
1465:ISBN
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1262:2011
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882:-30-
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