8378:
915:
1166:
3009:
2212:
865:
2857:
1141:). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would have drifted further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March.
8372:
880:
896:
4751:... We as historians have no excuse for creating ambiguity and must keep to the notation described above in one of its forms. It is no good writing simply 20th January 1745, for a reader is left wondering whether we have used the Civil or the Historical Year. The date should either be written 20th January 1745 OS (if indeed it was Old Style) or as 20th January 1745/6. The hyphen (1745-6) is best avoided as it can be interpreted as indicating a period of time.
8153:
7191:
3110:
2333:
7181:
562:. To reinstate the association, the reform advanced the date by 10 days: Thursday 4 October 1582 was followed by Friday 15 October 1582. In addition, the reform also altered the lunar cycle used by the Church to calculate the date for Easter, because astronomical new moons were occurring four days before the calculated dates. Whilst the reform introduced minor changes, the calendar continued to be fundamentally based on the same
8163:
1308:). As the solar year is longer than the lunar year this originally entailed the use of "escape years" every so often when the number of the fiscal year would jump. From 1 March 1917 the fiscal year became Gregorian, rather than Julian. On 1 January 1926, the use of the Gregorian calendar was extended to include use for general purposes and the number of the year became the same as in most other countries.
585:", with Greece being the last European country to adopt the calendar (for civil use only) in 1923. However, many Orthodox churches continue to use the Julian calendar for religious rites and the dating of major feasts. To unambiguously specify a date during the transition period (in contemporary documents or in history texts),
4702:[The year of the ten-year cycle, which is the golden number 6, ends at the same time in the year of the Lord 1582 in the month of December. And in the month of January begins another year of the Lord, that is, 1583. And in the same month of January also another year of the golden number is ushered in, namely 7.]
2248:
where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double-dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. Woolley, writing in his biography of
1152:
The 19-year cycle used for the lunar calendar required revision because the astronomical new moon was, at the time of the reform, four days before the calculated new moon. It was to be corrected by one day every 300 or 400 years (8 times in 2500 years) along with corrections for the years that are no
2198:
In some countries, an official decree or law specified that the start of the year should be 1 January. For such countries, a specific date when a "1 January year" became the norm, can be identified. In other countries, the customs varied, and the start of the year moved back and forth as fashion and
2186:
Most
Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed
1156:
When the new calendar was put in use, the error accumulated in the 13 centuries since the
Council of Nicaea was corrected by a deletion of 10 days. The Julian calendar day Thursday, 4 October 1582 was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582 (the cycle of weekdays
1136:
is 365.24219 days long. A commonly used value in Lilius's time, from the
Alfonsine tables, is 365.2425463 days. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every
545:
There were two reasons to establish the
Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar assumed incorrectly that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a little under one day per century, and thus has a leap year every four years without exception. The Gregorian reform
4750:
Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following
December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued until 24th March.
2939:
is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the
Gregorian system. When the Gregorian calendar was adopted by each country, the weekly cycle continued uninterrupted. For example, in the case of the few countries that adopted the reformed calendar on the date proposed by Gregory XIII for the
2983:
proposed a modification to the
Gregorian calendar with 969 leap days every 4,000 years, instead of 970 leap days that the Gregorian calendar would insert over the same period. This would reduce the average year to 365.24225 days. Herschel's proposal would make the year 4000, and multiples thereof,
1128:
as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 0;14,33,9,57 (Alfonsine), 0;14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 0;14,33,9,24 (Reinhold). In decimal notation, these are equal to 0.24254606, 0.24255185, and 0.24254352, respectively. All values are
1022:
to the
Vatican for this purpose. However, the project was interrupted by the death of Regiomontanus shortly after his arrival in Rome. The increase of astronomical knowledge and the precision of observations towards the end of the 15th century made the question more pressing. Numerous publications
2975:
vernal equinox is variable; using the average interval between vernal equinoxes near 2000 of 365.24237 days implies an error closer to 1 day every 7,700 years. By any criterion, the
Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average
2247:
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the
Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51",
1148:
The second component consisted of an approximation that would provide an accurate yet simple, rule-based calendar. Lilius's formula was a 10-day correction to revert the drift since the Council of Nicaea, and the imposition of a leap day in only 97 years in 400 rather than in 1 year in 4. The
938:
dated 24 February 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar is named. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. The error in the Julian calendar (its
2408:
Usually, the mapping of new dates onto old dates with a start of year adjustment works well with little confusion for events that happened before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. But for the period between the first introduction of the Gregorian calendar on 15 October 1582 and its
2397:, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting on 1 January, and no conversion to their Gregorian equivalents. For example, the
824:), the month (identified by name or number), and the day of the month (numbered sequentially starting from 1). Although the calendar year currently runs from 1 January to 31 December, at previous times year numbers were based on a different starting point within the calendar (see the
3461:(Prague 1401−4). A full set of Alphonsine Tables (including tables for mean motions, conjunctions of Sun and Moon, equation of time, spherical astronomy, longitudes and latitudes of cities, star tables, eclipse tables). For an example of the information provided see Jacques Cassini,
1144:
Lilius's work was expanded upon by Christopher Clavius in a closely argued, 800-page volume. He would later defend his and Lilius's work against detractors. Clavius's opinion was that the correction should take place in one move, and it was this advice that prevailed with Gregory.
1270:
countries initially objected to adopting a Catholic innovation; some Protestants feared the new calendar was part of a plot to return them to the Catholic fold. For example, the British could not bring themselves to adopt the Catholic system explicitly: the Annexe to their
532:
Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100, but these centurial years are leap years if they are exactly divisible by 400. For example, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years, but the year 2000
4698:
Annus Cycli decennouennalis, qui dr Aureus numerus est 6. terminaturque simulcu ipso anno Domini 1582 in mése Decembri. In mense autem Ianuario initium sumit alius annus Domini , nempe 1583. & in eodem mense Ianuario aslumitur etiam alius annuis Aurei numeri, nimirum
3665:
2156:
was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of the
2464:
and instead uses the ordinal numbers 1, 2, ... both for years AD and BC. Thus the traditional time line is 2 BC, 1 BC, AD 1, and AD 2. ISO 8601 uses astronomical year numbering which includes a year 0 and negative numbers before it. Thus the ISO 8601 time line is
3032:
in that particular year. The error shifts by about a quarter of a day per year. Centurial years are ordinary years, unless they are divisible by 400, in which case they are leap years. This causes a correction in the years 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300.
3529:
1919 in the regions comprising the former Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro (present-day Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and North Macedonia). The western and northern regions of what became Yugoslavia were already using the Gregorian calendar. For example, most of
1737:
The following equation gives the number of days that the Gregorian calendar is ahead of the Julian calendar, called the "secular difference" between the two calendars. A negative difference means the Julian calendar is ahead of the Gregorian calendar.
914:
1084:
Lilius's proposal included reducing the number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making three out of four centurial years common instead of leap years. He also produced an original and practical scheme for adjusting the
2947:, in common use worldwide, starts with Monday=1; printed monthly calendar grids often list Mondays in the first (left) column of dates and Sundays in the last. In North America, the week typically begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday.
1813:
2434:
seemingly died on exactly the same date (23 April 1616), but Cervantes predeceased Shakespeare by ten days in real time (as Spain used the Gregorian calendar, but Britain used the Julian calendar). This coincidence encouraged
5263:
2301:
had done from 1600), while the second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, removing 11 days from the September 1752 calendar to do so. To accommodate the two calendar changes, writers used
947:
in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see
1733:
before 1582 (calculated backwards on the same basis, for years before 1582), and the difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates increases by three days every four centuries (all date ranges are inclusive).
2187:
the start of the year to 1 January in 1752 (so 1751 was a short year with only 282 days). Later in 1752 in September the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies (see the section
2902:
knuckles (July and August). The same procedure can be done using the knuckles of a single hand, returning from the last (July) to the first (August) and continuing through. A similar mnemonic is to move up a
4143:: the first known South American imprint, produced in 1584 by Antonio Ricardo, of a four-page edict issued by King Philip II of Spain in 1582, decreeing the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar.
3036:
For instance, these corrections cause 23 December 1903 to be the latest December solstice, and 20 December 2096 to be the earliest solstice—about 2.35 days of variation compared with the astronomical event.
1072:
should be computed from the true motions of the Sun and Moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted. The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the
1907:. When subtracting days to calculate the Gregorian equivalent of 29 February (Julian), 29 February is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is −4 the Gregorian equivalent of this date is 24 February.
1204:
Although Gregory's reform was enacted in the most solemn of forms available to the Church, the bull had no authority beyond the Catholic Church (of which he was the supreme religious authority) and the
939:
assumption that there are exactly 365.25 days in a year) had led to the date of the equinox according to the calendar drifting from the observed reality, and thus an error had been introduced into the
1129:
the same to two sexagesimal places (0;14,33, equal to decimal 0.2425) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus's solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.
1153:
longer leap years (i.e. 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, etc.) In fact, a new method for computing the date of Easter was introduced. The method proposed by Lilius was revised somewhat in the final reform.
5722:. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. 201–239.
5566:. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. 171–188.
5879:. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. 17–74.
2183:
on 30 January as occurring in 1648 (as the year did not end until 24 March), although later histories adjust the start of the year to 1 January and record the execution as occurring in 1649.
831:
Calendar cycles repeat completely every 400 years, which equals 146,097 days. Of these 400 years, 303 are regular years of 365 days and 97 are leap years of 366 days. A mean calendar year is
2164:
During the Middle Ages, under the influence of the Catholic Church, many Western European countries moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals—25 December (
1891:
3442:(most of Western Europe) during 780–800. The last monastery in England to accept the Alexandrian rules did so in 931, and a few churches in southwest Asia beyond the eastern border of the
1209:(which he personally ruled). The changes that he was proposing were changes to the civil calendar, which required adoption by the civil authorities in each country to have legal effect.
2882:/ But all the rest I can't remember" but it has also been called "probably the only sixteenth-century poem most ordinary citizens know by heart". A common nonverbal alternative is the
1180:
A month after having decreed the reform, the pope (with a brief of 3 April 1582) granted to one Antoni Lilio the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The
1096:, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the Sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year.
1249:
and in the Papal States, the new calendar was implemented on the date specified by the bull, with Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582, being followed by Gregorian Friday, 15 October. The
5267:
2409:
introduction in Britain on 14 September 1752, there can be considerable confusion between events in continental western Europe and in British domains in English language histories.
3299:, the gap had increased to 11 days; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see
1300:
for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the
1741:
2161:. Even though the year used for dates changed, the civil year always displayed its months in the order January to December from the Roman Republican period until the present.
986:
on or after 21 March, which was adopted as an approximation to the March equinox. European scholars had been well aware of the calendar drift since the early medieval period.
1263:
because of delay in communication. The other major Catholic power of Western Europe, France, adopted the change a few months later: 9 December was followed by 20 December.
1186:
was printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (
625:. The months and length of months in the Gregorian calendar are the same as for the Julian calendar. The only difference is that the Gregorian reform omitted a leap day in
5737:
3517:
3300:
3180:
1317:
2955:
The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425
1051:
in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter.
8276:
2199:
influence from other countries dictated various customs. Neither the papal bull nor its attached canons explicitly fix such a date, though the latter states that the "
648:, the Catholic Church delayed February feasts after the 23rd by one day in leap years; masses celebrated according to the previous calendar still reflect this delay.
2175:
In common usage, 1 January was regarded as New Year's Day and celebrated as such, but from the 12th century until 1751 the legal year in England began on 25 March (
9825:
8199:
2172:), or Easter, while the Byzantine Empire began its year on 1 September and Russia did so on 1 March until 1492 when the new year was moved to 1 September.
1853:
1833:
3329:
cycle repeats only after 5,700,000 years of 2,081,882,250 days in 70,499,183 lunar months, based on an assumed mean lunar month of 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes
5717:
5558:
5874:
2270:"Old Style" (O.S.) and "New Style" (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the
4344:
2309:
For countries such as Russia where no start of year adjustment took place, O.S. and N.S. simply indicate the Julian and Gregorian dating systems. Many
4189:
3133:
1903:, add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar being converted
864:
2412:
Events in continental western Europe are usually reported in English language histories as happening under the Gregorian calendar. For example, the
6776:
5477:
Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates With the Christian Era Giving an Account of the Chief Eras and Systems Used by Various Nations..
4458:
632:
A leap year normally occurs every four years: the leap day, historically, was inserted by doubling 24 February – there were indeed
4356:
6423:
1237:
decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. This affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over
1230:, and a few others. Consequently, the days on which Easter and related holidays were celebrated by different Christian Churches again diverged.
5310:
3995:
2252:(1527–1608/9), notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers "customarily" used "two dates" on their letters, one OS and one NS.
9818:
9521:
9197:
8192:
7041:
3945:
He remarks that both the Alphonsine and the Prutenic Tables are several hours wrong with regard to the time of the equinoxes and solstices.
3516:, adoptions were made between 1584 and 1811. Some Catholic cantons switched in 1584, some Protestant in 1700/1701. For a complete list see
149:
5797:. Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary, 1582–1982. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican Observatory (
4425:
3325:
The cycle described applies to the solar, or civil, calendar. If one also considers the ecclesiastical lunar rules, the lunisolar Easter
5452:
558:
was occurring well before its nominal 21 March date. This date was important to the Christian churches because it is fundamental to the
1027:
in 1515 and 1578, but the project was not taken up again until the 1540s, and implemented only under Pope Gregory XIII (r. 1572–1585).
1275:
established a computation for the date of Easter that achieved the same result as Gregory's rules, without actually referring to him.
2216:
5922:
5229:
4568:
810:
Gregorian years are identified by consecutive year numbers. A calendar date is fully specified by the year (numbered according to a
8730:
4638:
2894:
as months with 31 days and the lower spaces between them as the months with fewer days. Using two hands, one may start from either
9811:
8185:
7762:
7598:
1190:). The papal brief was revoked on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies.
9945:
3008:
7227:
5635:
5408:
3968:
3938:
3614:
It is not unusual for month names to be based on natural descriptions but this etymology is sometimes doubted since no other
3177:, an international standard for the representation of dates and times, which uses the Gregorian calendar (see Section 3.2.1).
4898:
1446:
8968:
8699:
6568:
2799:
Europeans sometimes attempt to remember the number of days in each month by memorizing some form of the traditional verse "
879:
4599:
5981:
5941:
2354:
9315:
6859:
4538:
4490:
4092:
3909:
Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes, et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne
3464:
Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes, et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne
3093:
2708:
BC in agreement with July and from the occurrence during the month of several important events during his rise to power
1246:
1199:
4109:
9516:
9112:
8450:
5950:
5817:
5756:
5440:
5340:
5183:
4949:
4924:
4224:
4054:
3830:
3740:
2984:
common instead of leap. While this modification has often been proposed since, it has never been officially adopted.
2380:
2987:
On time scales of thousands of years, the Gregorian calendar falls behind the astronomical seasons. This is because
2362:
1866:
895:
521:
differently so as to make the average calendar year 365.2425 days long, more closely approximating the 365.2422-day
9152:
6518:
4745:
3158:
979:
636:. However, for many years it has been customary to put the extra day at the end of the month of February, adding a
554:
in AD 325, the excess leap days introduced by the Julian algorithm had caused the calendar to drift such that the
7712:
7367:
3692:
3492:"New Almanac according to the new reform for the correction of the year, reformed by His Holiness Gregory XIII".
2940:
calendar's adoption, Friday, 15 October 1582, the preceding date was Thursday, 4 October 1582 (Julian calendar).
2936:
538:
17:
5767:
3914:
Astronomical tables of the sun, the moon, the planets, the fixed stars, and the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
2959:
long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,030 years with respect to the current value of the
1149:
proposed rule was that "years divisible by 100 would be leap years only if they were divisible by 400 as well".
8523:
7591:
2358:
1348:
1060:
was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including
9562:
9310:
8704:
5381:
4655:
4341:
3313:
3296:
3143:
3123:
2265:
2261:
2192:
1272:
1242:
4082:
2274:
to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and the early 20th century.
9940:
9935:
9305:
7674:
6864:
6802:
6595:
4684:
3058:
2964:
2553:
2440:
2394:
2322:
1730:
1132:
Lilius's proposals had two components. First, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean
1014:, was aware of the need for calendar reform. An attempt to go forward with such a reform was undertaken by
546:
shortened the average (calendar) year by 0.0075 days to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the
35:
5575:
3369:, and the least common multiple (10,000) of the 400-year and 2,500-year solar and lunar correction cycles.
1023:
over the following decades called for a calendar reform, among them two papers sent to the Vatican by the
9930:
9495:
9365:
8659:
8639:
8585:
8470:
8306:
7965:
6702:
6030:
4455:
1856:
1100:
also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by
5472:
4579:
9705:
9685:
8326:
8311:
8249:
8228:
7317:
7297:
7036:
6841:
6677:
6186:
5895:
4353:
4282:
3593:
3446:
continued to use rules that differed slightly, causing four dates for Easter to differ every 532 years.
2800:
1227:
5473:"Commencement of the Year, on the 1st of January or otherwise, and adoption of the Gregorian Calendar"
1893:
means that if the result of the division is not an integer it is rounded down to the nearest integer.
1285:(including the eastern part of what is now the United States) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752.
992:, writing in the 8th century, showed that the accumulated error in his time was more than three days.
9695:
9667:
9500:
9279:
8480:
8291:
8028:
7877:
7757:
7307:
7220:
6806:
4530:(Aulis-Verlag, Leipzig/Jena/Berlin 1981, p. 149), which is a German translation of С. И. Селешников:
4068:
1223:
4514:"Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar: A summary for genealogists"
4242:
Explanatory Supplement to The Astronomical Ephemeris and The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac
9762:
8961:
7727:
6739:
6282:
6223:
5571:
5502:
4833:
3265:
Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use the Gregorian calendar as their
2657:
2343:
2249:
2126:
1438:
1278:
1170:
Lunario Novo, Secondo la Nuova Riforma della Correttione del l'Anno Riformato da N.S. Gregorio XIII
983:
292:
5281:
4240:
3648:
Using value from Richards (2013, p. 587) for tropical year in mean solar days, the calculation is
2911:
from an F key, taking the white keys as the longer months and the black keys as the shorter ones.
1896:
The general rule, in years which are leap years in the Julian calendar but not the Gregorian, is:
9700:
9650:
9437:
9284:
8740:
8518:
8420:
8336:
8331:
7983:
7634:
6687:
6556:
5974:
3202:
2988:
2393:
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces
2347:
2310:
2293:, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from
1089:
when calculating the annual date of Easter, solving a long-standing obstacle to calendar reform.
1048:
1024:
944:
924:(completed 1723); Antonio Lilio is genuflecting before the pope, presenting his printed calendar.
590:
551:
6119:
5911:
2460:, the traditional proleptic Gregorian calendar (like the older Julian calendar) does not have a
109:
9838:
9600:
9401:
9147:
9046:
7337:
6513:
6137:
3555:
3215:
3195:
2454:
2417:
1061:
645:
574:
119:
7123:
5398:
5175:
4616:
4449:
4422:
4214:
3820:
9859:
9202:
8893:
8166:
7798:
7743:
7697:
7682:
7327:
7152:
7147:
7140:
6914:
6376:
5332:
5208:
4138:
3960:
The Universal frame: historical essays in astronomy, natural philosophy and scientific method
3958:
3928:
3505:
3073:
3014:
This image shows the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the astronomical seasons.
2416:
is always given as 13 August 1704. Confusion occurs when an event affects both. For example,
3907:
3678:
calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century.".
1165:
932:
The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar. It was instituted by papal bull
9635:
9576:
9552:
9547:
8720:
8634:
8460:
8321:
8049:
8018:
7467:
7362:
7213:
7021:
6904:
6729:
6637:
6255:
6149:
6065:
5836:
5792:
5779:
5704:
5667:
5545:
4294:
4175:
3274:
3169:
2200:
2180:
2052:
949:
617:
with 12 months of 28–31 days each. The year in both calendars consists of 365 days, with a
2203:" of 1752 ends in December and a new year (and new Golden number) begins in January 1753.
1808:{\displaystyle D=\left\lfloor {Y/100}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor {Y/400}\right\rfloor -2,}
8:
9662:
9557:
9475:
9465:
9240:
9157:
9137:
9127:
8954:
8930:
8725:
8580:
8445:
8397:
7923:
7382:
7342:
7103:
6874:
6836:
6672:
6622:
6472:
6450:
6445:
6391:
6321:
6289:
4715:
The Queen's Conjurer: The science and magic of Dr. John Dee, adviser to Queen Elizabeth I
4565:
3115:
2431:
2427:
2398:
2065:
1093:
870:
436:
426:
238:
8266:
5840:
5783:
5708:
5671:
5549:
5247:
5225:
Cartapacio de syllaba, e figuras, conforme a ordem dos mais cartapacios de Grammatica...
4298:
9787:
9767:
9645:
9630:
9615:
9537:
9336:
9102:
8905:
8679:
8533:
7872:
7850:
7717:
7541:
7512:
7440:
7194:
7011:
6909:
6632:
6610:
6575:
6546:
6351:
6331:
6045:
6009:
5967:
5852:
5749:
The Oxford Companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning
5683:
5598:
3989:
3562:
population and was formally adopted for government use in 1878 following occupation by
3439:
3078:
2992:
2960:
2956:
2812:
2661:
2624:
2543:
2413:
1963:
1838:
1818:
1442:
1371:
1234:
641:
573:
countries of Europe and their overseas possessions. Over the next three centuries, the
248:
186:
4323:
3886:
2420:
set sail from the Netherlands on 11 November 1688 (Gregorian calendar) and arrived at
2211:
9904:
9595:
9391:
9386:
9230:
9066:
8753:
8618:
8435:
7953:
7832:
7732:
7585:
7488:
7392:
7184:
7051:
7046:
6792:
6744:
6682:
6662:
6477:
6428:
6398:
6336:
6299:
6294:
6240:
6203:
6144:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6035:
5937:
World records for mentally calculating the day of the week in the Gregorian Calendar
5936:
5919:
5856:
5813:
5752:
5696:
5687:
5631:
5493:
5436:
5430:
5404:
5336:
5304:
5179:
5150:
4945:
4920:
4220:
4088:
4050:
3964:
3934:
3826:
3736:
3580:
3575:
Protestant states in Germany used an astronomical Easter from 1700 to 1774, based on
3551:
3509:
3185:
3153:
3053:
2500:
2447:
2290:
2015:
1989:
1254:
1110:
934:
904:
578:
570:
510:
504:
371:
356:
336:
316:
166:
99:
87:
42:
5828:
5655:
5533:
4534:(Издательство "Наука", Moscow 1977). The relevant chapter is available online here:
9792:
9741:
9657:
9605:
9381:
9359:
9225:
9122:
8898:
8644:
8623:
8575:
8538:
8351:
8071:
8059:
7887:
7855:
7687:
7556:
7472:
7462:
7377:
7031:
6771:
6761:
6657:
6462:
6457:
6386:
6346:
6326:
6316:
6272:
6198:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6132:
6060:
6040:
5844:
5675:
5590:
4153:
3477:
3443:
3190:
2904:
2883:
2861:
2653:
2574:
1293:
1286:
1115:
1105:
1065:
1036:
563:
498:
used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the
446:
346:
201:
196:
176:
129:
1176:
by Vincenzo Accolti in 1582, one of the first printed editions of the new calendar
982:
of the equinox and observed reality. Easter is celebrated on the Sunday after the
9803:
9725:
9690:
9677:
9640:
9587:
9445:
9340:
9274:
9235:
9072:
8629:
8608:
8440:
8412:
8177:
8133:
7998:
7975:
7943:
7895:
7882:
7845:
7827:
7457:
7452:
7061:
7056:
6987:
6851:
6816:
6766:
6724:
6642:
6627:
6563:
6551:
6541:
6487:
6418:
6408:
6341:
6304:
6245:
6208:
6161:
6156:
5954:
5926:
5829:"Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses"
5586:
5497:
5468:
5326:
5223:
5169:
4919:. Aspects of Greek and Roman Life. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 96.
4659:
4603:
4583:
4572:
4542:
4477:
4462:
4429:
4360:
4348:
3563:
3559:
3378:
The same result is obtained by summing the fractional parts implied by the rule:
3148:
3128:
3046:
2931:. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the
2684:
2531:
2504:
2480:
2453:
For dates before the year 1, unlike the proleptic Gregorian calendar used in the
2271:
1120:
1078:
975:
921:
886:
610:
514:
469:
454:
411:
401:
391:
258:
228:
218:
205:
139:
77:
31:
6615:
5626:
Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars". In Urban, S. E.; Seidelmann, P. K. (eds.).
1104:
of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the
9625:
9423:
9411:
9355:
9350:
9344:
9269:
9192:
9117:
8925:
8684:
8674:
8613:
8570:
8402:
8392:
8361:
8261:
8233:
8076:
8066:
7865:
7737:
7707:
7692:
7477:
7435:
7430:
7302:
7026:
6884:
6749:
6734:
6692:
6667:
6605:
6600:
6523:
6508:
6482:
6435:
6413:
6403:
6309:
6277:
6262:
6230:
6213:
6181:
6055:
6014:
6004:
5848:
5679:
4596:
3266:
3068:
2922:
2804:
2803:". It appears in Latin, Italian, French and Portuguese, and belongs to a broad
2689:
2306:
to identify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating.
2149:
2132:
2078:
1933:
1538:
1282:
1250:
1137:
400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see
1101:
1015:
961:
614:
598:
559:
381:
268:
5906:
4829:
3316:
restates the algorithm from first principles without any reference to Gregory.
9924:
9542:
9460:
9455:
9406:
9396:
9036:
8812:
8763:
8748:
8694:
8465:
8301:
8296:
8212:
8156:
8106:
8054:
7988:
7960:
7948:
7938:
7928:
7810:
7654:
7580:
7529:
7482:
7397:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7280:
6754:
6707:
6697:
6652:
6647:
6492:
6467:
6440:
6381:
6364:
6235:
6218:
6099:
6070:
5932:
The Perpetual Calendar Gregorian Calendar adoption dates for many countries.
5204:
5154:
4695:] (in Latin). apud Ioannes Bapt. Sessam, & fratres. pp. 17, 18.
4536:История календаря в России и в СССР (Calendar history in Russia and the USSR)
3674:, p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or
3583:, differing from the Gregorian Easter twice, one week early in 1724 and 1744.
3362:
3312:...to avoid any appearance of recognising the authority of Rome. The British
3138:
2980:
2895:
2676:
2583:
2562:
1428:
1416:
1375:
1356:
1305:
1238:
1219:
1133:
1044:
1040:
1019:
971:
594:
555:
522:
326:
279:
7135:
5891:
5656:"The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar"
5630:(3rd ed.). Mill Valley CA: University Science Books. pp. 585–624.
5594:
4535:
3554:, adopted it in 1587 along with Hungary. The Gregorian calendar was used in
2313:
countries continue to use the older Julian calendar for religious purposes.
1218:
became the law of the Catholic Church in 1582, but it was not recognised by
9620:
9418:
9132:
9107:
9092:
9058:
9018:
8910:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8774:
8513:
8128:
8122:
7788:
7722:
7644:
7575:
7524:
7425:
7372:
7312:
7091:
7066:
6941:
6869:
6359:
5948:
Today's date (Gregorian) in over 800 more-or-less obscure foreign languages
5576:"'Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England"
5515:
5511:
5264:"Welsh Author Digs Deep to Find Medieval Origins of Thirty Days Hath Verse"
5167:
3083:
2899:
2870:
2641:
2535:
2169:
2153:
1976:
1938:
1605:
1206:
1092:
Ancient tables provided the Sun's mean longitude. The German mathematician
811:
53:
2401:
is universally considered to have been fought on 25 October 1415 which is
9874:
9320:
9217:
9179:
9162:
9097:
9078:
9011:
8991:
8920:
8915:
8560:
8543:
8475:
8455:
8341:
8223:
8138:
8116:
8023:
8008:
7803:
7783:
7773:
7702:
7659:
7639:
7568:
7387:
7289:
7071:
6997:
6966:
6961:
6879:
6369:
3688:
3513:
3286:
Rather than 45 BC when the Roman Empire adopted the Julian calendar.
3231:
3088:
2996:
2874:
and continue to be taught at schools. The unhelpfulness of such involved
2608:
2511:
2303:
2242:
1726:
1613:
1125:
1097:
993:
816:
637:
586:
159:
155:
6717:
5947:
5810:
Calendar: Humanity's Epic Struggle To Determine A True And Accurate Year
5716:
Ziggelaar, A. (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.).
5557:
Moyer, Gordon (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.).
4742:"Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar"
4741:
4513:
4194:
3605:
Lorraine reverted to Julian in 1735 and adopted Gregorian again in 1760.
3438:
The last major Christian region to accept the Alexandrian rules was the
2971:(which affects the Earth's orbital speed) the error with respect to the
2856:
9894:
9889:
9869:
9087:
9082:
8977:
8935:
8888:
8872:
8758:
8664:
8485:
8346:
8316:
8254:
8033:
7933:
7840:
7815:
7618:
7402:
7086:
7081:
7016:
7006:
7001:
6826:
6191:
5529:
5101:
5079:
5057:
5013:
4991:
4969:
4850:
4763:
3627:
This derivation was apparently a popular one in ancient Rome, given by
3237:
3164:
2968:
2808:
2527:
1594:
1570:
1405:
1360:
1301:
1297:
1267:
850:
days = 365.2425 days, or 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 12 seconds.
821:
499:
5931:
5873:
Pedersen, O (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.).
5602:
5123:
5035:
4793:
4652:
4259:(2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp. 48–50.
4134:
2594:, of uncertain meaning but usually derived from some form of the verb
9777:
9757:
9490:
9450:
9187:
8996:
8832:
8669:
8553:
8528:
8508:
8425:
8377:
8371:
8356:
8096:
8013:
7649:
7561:
7536:
7517:
7407:
7164:
7128:
7096:
6992:
6971:
6951:
6075:
5451:
Blegen, Carl W. (25 December 2013). Vogeikoff-Brogan, Natalia (ed.).
4942:
Time in Roman religion : one thousand years of religious history
4872:
2603:
2546:
2515:
2461:
2165:
1518:
691:
633:
622:
518:
513:, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the
479:
305:
4687:[Canon I: On the nineteenth yearly cycle • golden numbers].
3733:
Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution: From Copernicus to Newton
2898:
knuckle as January and count across, omitting the space between the
2807:
but the earliest currently attested form of the poem is the English
2332:
2179:). So, for example, the Parliamentary record lists the execution of
9899:
9879:
9854:
9772:
9610:
9254:
9167:
8867:
8847:
8689:
8595:
8495:
8286:
8281:
7664:
7507:
7417:
7275:
7265:
7159:
6956:
5990:
4894:
4364:(Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891–1898)
3780:
3628:
3531:
3174:
3029:
2944:
2908:
2875:
2701:
2457:
2298:
2294:
2176:
2158:
1528:
1340:
1074:
966:
940:
618:
495:
6712:
5751:(corrected reprinting of 1999 ed.). Oxford University Press.
9864:
9782:
9006:
9001:
8862:
8852:
8782:
8654:
8565:
8430:
8003:
7993:
7915:
7906:
7891:
7778:
7623:
7546:
7255:
5739:
The Scattered Pearls: A History Of Syriac Literature And Sciences
3636:
3592:
In 1793 France abandoned the Gregorian calendar in favour of the
3547:
3539:
3535:
3295:
By the time Great Britain and its possessions adopted the reform
3109:
2932:
2887:
2720:
2578:
2549:
2421:
2402:
2286:
2278:
2113:
1566:
1556:
1548:
1504:
1460:
1424:
1385:
629:
centurial years every 400 years and left the leap day unchanged.
547:
7793:
8857:
8807:
8802:
8101:
7260:
5228:, Western Lisbon: Officina de Antonio Pedrozo Galram, pp.
3983:
by nineteen hours as to the time of the vernal equinox of 1588.
3576:
3543:
2927:
In conjunction with the system of months, there is a system of
2557:
2436:
1590:
1580:
1552:
1514:
1456:
1420:
1395:
1344:
1069:
416:
5349:
3839:
978:
considered unacceptable the increasing divergence between the
9884:
9207:
8946:
8837:
8649:
8548:
8503:
8111:
7860:
7551:
7499:
6946:
4245:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1961. p. 417.
3851:
3632:
3366:
2539:
2282:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1352:
1336:
1086:
1004:
653:
525:
that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun.
361:
5959:
5719:
The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar
5488:(in Spanish). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
4617:"House of Commons Journal Volume 8, 9 June 1660 (Regicides)"
4576:
4178:. Parliament of Great Britain – via National Archives.
3822:
Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences
3731:
Applebaum, Wilbur (2000). "Clavius, Christoph (1538-1612)".
3518:
List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar per country
9909:
9849:
9834:
9141:
9023:
8842:
8827:
8817:
8271:
8208:
7250:
7236:
7076:
5400:
Marking Time: The Epic Quest to Invent the Perfect Calendar
3301:
List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country
3270:
3181:
List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country
2943:
Opinions vary about the numbering of the days of the week.
2928:
2891:
2620:
2483:
months, which have Latinate names and irregular numbers of
1597:
years; Gregorian dates in use since 1917 Ottoman adoption)
1318:
List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country
1188:
Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij
1173:
989:
8277:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
5361:
3802:
3800:
3714:
3712:
3710:
9041:
8822:
5901:
5746:
5428:
4450:
Storia del governo della Toscana: sotto La casa de'Medici
4200:
3916:] (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. p. T10.
2743:, "eighth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus
2484:
5791:
Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O., eds. (1983).
5649:(2nd ed.). Sausalito, CA: University Science Books.
4439:(1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp. 23–24.
4110:"6 Things You May Not Know About the Gregorian Calendar"
4026:
3893:
The tablet of the most illustrious prince King Alphonsus
2935:
and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month.
2785:, "tenth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus
2764:, "ninth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus
1316:
This is a brief summary. For a comprehensive table, see
581:
countries also gradually moved to what they called the "
30:
For the calendar of religious holidays and periods, see
7205:
5703:. Vol. 53, no. 6. pp. 162–178, 218–232.
4721:
4014:
3797:
3761:
3707:
2989:
the Earth's speed of rotation is gradually slowing down
1043:
to reform the calendar, requiring that the date of the
5876:
The Ecclesiastical Calendar and the Life of the Church
5747:
Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2003).
5506:(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5429:
Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (1999).
5198:
4771:
4664:
4354:
Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit
4262:
2991:, which makes each day slightly longer over time (see
2219:, recording his date of death as 28 January
1614:
Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates
5522:
Amongst the most serious tasks of our pastoral office
4645:
4379:
4049:. Reggio Calabria: Laruffa Editore. pp. 14, 52.
3933:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 52.
3785:
1869:
1841:
1821:
1744:
1047:
be restored to that which it held at the time of the
5864:
Moyer, Gordon (May 1982). "The Gregorian Calendar".
4002:
3868:
3866:
3105:
2999:) while the year maintains a more uniform duration.
9522:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
5790:
5772:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
3534:adopted the Gregorian calendar at the same time as
2446:Astronomers avoid this ambiguity by the use of the
1160:
9833:
8207:
5826:
5647:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
5628:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
5492:
4586:"I sat down to end my journell for this year, ..."
4403:
4367:
4304:
3671:
2719:, "seventh month", of the ten-month Roman year of
1899:Up to 28 February in the calendar being converted
1885:
1847:
1827:
1807:
1711:This section always places the intercalary day on
873:(1538–1612), one of the main authors of the reform
597:countries also adopted the calendar, at least for
593:as appropriate. During the 20th century, most non-
5562:Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium
4685:"Canon I: De cyclo decennovenalli • aurei numeri"
4190:Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars
4047:Luigi Lilio Medico Astronomo e Matematico di Cirò
3863:
3749:
3546:, adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1582. Inland
3134:Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars
2967:, which is not constant, and the movement of the
2424:in England on 5 November 1688 (Julian calendar).
9922:
5800:Pontificia Academia Scientarum, Specola Vaticana
4682:
4400:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.
4340:Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "
4219:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 169.
2878:has been parodied as "Thirty days hath September
2679:", the month of Caesar's birth, instituted in 44
2255:
1725:(twice sixth) or bissextile day) until the late
5538:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
5483:
5331:, New York: Columbia University Press, p.
3845:
3361:is due to its being the product of the 19-year
2479:The Gregorian calendar continued to employ the
2316:
1715:even though it was always obtained by doubling
1124:). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian
1108:and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus (
5868:. Vol. 246, no. 5. pp. 144–152.
5168:Onofri, Francesca Romana; et al. (2012),
4917:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
3884:
3365:, the thirty different possible values of the
1886:{\displaystyle \left\lfloor {x}\right\rfloor }
9819:
8962:
8193:
7221:
5975:
5798:
4216:The history and practice of ancient astronomy
4062:
3888:Tabule illustrissimi principis regis alfonsii
3458:Tabule illustrissimi principis regis alfonsii
2191:). These two reforms were implemented by the
1181:
5944:– Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars
5510:
5145:de Dacia, Petrus. Pedersen, Fritz S. (ed.).
4396:
4394:
3718:
3462:
3273:is a notable exception, in that it uses the
1003:estimated the error at seven or eight days.
5827:Morrison, L. V.; Stephenson, F. R. (2004).
5528:
5367:
4020:
3818:
3456:
3357:The extreme length of the Gregorian Easter
3235:
2779:
2758:
2737:
2713:
2694:
2669:
2646:
2629:
2613:
2596:
2588:
2567:
2520:
2493:
2361:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1720:
1619:Conversion from Julian to Gregorian dates.
1258:
1213:
1055:
902:
502:
9826:
9812:
8969:
8955:
8200:
8186:
7228:
7214:
7180:
5982:
5968:
5644:
5619:Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History
5355:
5309:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5299:, Cincinnati, 20 September 1924, p. 6
5199:Bond, Otto Ferdinand; et al. (1918),
4597:The Perpetual Calendar: What about England
4478:Legislazione toscana raccolta e illustrata
4176:"Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, Section 3"
4154:"The Calendar FAQ: The Gregorian Calendar"
4135:""Pragmatica" on the Ten Days of the Year"
4044:
3994:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3488:
3486:
3007:
3002:
2507:of gates, doorways, beginnings and endings
1245:. In these territories, as well as in the
825:
34:. For this year's Gregorian calendar, see
5765:
5715:
4964:
4962:
4391:
4032:
3857:
3730:
3476:For an explanation of this notation, see
2381:Learn how and when to remove this message
9517:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
8731:International Commission on Stratigraphy
5872:
5653:
5625:
5616:
5379:
5284:. London: BBC Radio 4. 30 November 2011.
5261:
5221:
4939:
4914:
4827:
4739:
4064:Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze
4008:
3806:
3767:
3205:(Milanković) – used in Eastern Orthodoxy
2855:
2210:
1910:
1164:
569:The reform was adopted initially by the
5735:
5324:
5050:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4712:
4201:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999)
3905:
3483:
3428:= 365 + 0.25 − 0.01 + 0.0025 = 365.2425
3028:Each point is the date and time of the
2602:("to open") or the name of the goddess
27:Internationally accepted civil calendar
14:
9923:
5807:
5768:"The tropical calendar and solar year"
5694:
5450:
5403:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 185.
5245:
5241:
5239:
5028:
5006:
4984:
4959:
4865:
4843:
4756:
4748:from the original on 11 October 2014.
4280:
4188:A more extensive list is available at
4087:. Yale University Press. p. 248.
3926:
3825:. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 863.
3791:
3755:
2864:for the days of the months of the year
2217:All Saints' Church, North Street, York
1311:
9807:
8950:
8181:
7209:
5963:
5863:
5570:
5556:
5396:
5318:
5262:Misstear, Rachael (16 January 2012).
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4727:
4212:
4107:
4080:
3956:
3872:
3500:
3498:
3348:seconds. (Seidelmann (1992), p. 582)
1292:Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar
1183:Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma
970: – of the date of the
8162:
5833:Journal for the History of Astronomy
5660:Journal for the History of Astronomy
5467:
5222:Portella, Mathias Rodrigues (1738),
5201:Military Manual of Elementary French
5144:
5116:
5094:
5072:
4893:
4781:
4717:. New York: Henry Holt. p. 173.
4670:
4511:
4409:
4385:
4373:
4310:
4268:
2823:
2359:adding citations to reliable sources
2326:
517:. The principal change was to space
5236:
5161:
5147:Anianus: Computus Metricus Manualis
4740:Spathaky, Mike (13 December 2011).
4733:
4283:"The reform of the Julian calendar"
3596:. This change was reverted in 1805.
3040:
3025:-axis is Gregorian calendar years.
964:is a function – the
943:. Although a recommendation of the
853:
24:
9316:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
5728:
5534:"The history of the tropical year"
4828:Liberman, Anatoly (7 March 2007),
4808:
4505:
4071:A.A., Arm. I‑XVIII, 5506, f. 362r.
3975:He noted on one occasion that the
3495:
3210:Precursors of the Gregorian reform
3021:-axis is the date in June and the
2835:And alle the remenaunt xxx and j.
2148:The year used in dates during the
1447:"First" British Empire (1707–1783)
1200:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
25:
9957:
8451:Discrete time and continuous time
5885:
5479:. London: George Bell & Sons.
4944:. London: Routledge. p. 10.
4838:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
4776:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
4689:Kalendarium Gregorianum perpetuum
4423:The reform of the Julian calendar
3542:, which was at the time ruled by
2627:whose name is cognate with Latin
941:calculation of the date of Easter
609:The Gregorian calendar, like the
560:calculation of the date of Easter
550:. Second, in the years since the
8376:
8370:
8161:
8152:
8151:
7190:
7189:
7179:
5794:Gregorian Reform of the Calendar
5524:]. Translated by Wikisource.
5486:Salamanca y la medida del tiempo
5432:The Oxford Companion to the Year
5390:
5373:
5246:Bryan, Roger (30 October 2011).
4324:"Calendrier grégorien en France"
4108:Cohen, Jennie (23 August 2018).
3672:Dershowitz & Reingold (2008)
3642:
3108:
3063:International Perpetual calendar
2711:September (30 days), from Latin
2331:
2215:Memorial plaque to John Etty in
1161:First printed Gregorian calendar
974:in the northern hemisphere, the
913:
894:
878:
863:
9198:English and British regnal year
7042:English and British regnal year
5915:(in Latin, French, and English)
5645:Seidelmann, P. K., ed. (1992).
5455:. From the Archivist's Notebook
5289:
5274:
5255:
5215:
5192:
5138:
4933:
4908:
4887:
4830:"On a Self-Congratulatory Note"
4706:
4676:
4631:
4609:
4589:
4559:
4520:
4483:
4470:
4442:
4415:
4334:
4316:
4274:
4249:
4233:
4206:
4182:
4168:
4146:
4127:
4101:
4074:
4038:
3950:
3920:
3899:
3878:
3812:
3773:
3693:United States Naval Observatory
3621:
3608:
3599:
3586:
3569:
3523:
3470:
3449:
3432:
3372:
3351:
3319:
2937:Calculating the day of the week
2777:December (31 days), from Latin
2756:November (30 days), from Latin
2534:of purgation and purification,
2297:(25 March) to 1 January (which
885:Pope Gregory XIII, portrait by
621:being added to February in the
539:United States Naval Observatory
8976:
8524:History of timekeeping devices
5484:Carabias Torres, A. M (2012).
5248:"The Oldest Rhyme in the Book"
4545:. Anno Mundi 7000 lasted from
4532:История календаря и хронология
4491:"Roman Dates: Eponymous Years"
4061:citing as primary references:
3724:
3681:
3558:since the 16th century by the
3306:
3289:
3280:
3259:
3094:Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar
2848:And all the remnant 30 and 1.
2735:October (31 days), from Latin
2704:", instituted by Augustus in 8
2491:January (31 days), from Latin
2206:
1835:is the secular difference and
1349:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1247:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1030:
660:
652:A year is divided into twelve
604:
13:
1:
9946:1582 establishments in Europe
9311:Old Style and New Style dates
5989:
5920:History of Gregorian Calendar
5835:. 35, part 3 (120): 327–336.
5742:. Piscataway: Georgias Press.
5736:Barsoum, Ignatius A. (2003).
5421:
5266:. Media Wales. Archived from
4045:Mezzi, E.; Vizza, F. (2010).
3314:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
3243:
3223:
3144:French revolutionary calendar
3124:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
2815:
2786:
2765:
2744:
2723:
2266:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
2262:Old Style and New Style dates
2256:Old Style and New Style dates
2193:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
2188:
1273:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
1138:
1008:
997:
955:
952:for the issues which arose).
920:Detail of the pope's tomb by
901:First page of the papal bull
640:for the leap day. Before the
9263:Pre-Julian / Julian
4693:Perpetual Gregorian calendar
4639:"Death warrant of Charles I"
3658:
3222:("On reckoning the years"),
3159:Inter gravissimas in English
3059:International Fixed Calendar
2441:World Book and Copyright Day
2323:Proleptic Gregorian calendar
2317:Proleptic Gregorian calendar
1729:. The Gregorian calendar is
1704:
1689:
1674:
1659:
1644:
528:The rule for leap years is:
36:Leap year starting on Monday
7:
9496:Geological history of Earth
9366:Astronomical year numbering
8471:Gravitational time dilation
8307:Barycentric Coordinate Time
7966:Geological history of Earth
5695:Walker, G. W. (June 1945).
5435:. Oxford University Press.
5325:Holland, Norman N. (1992),
5250:. London: Times Newspapers.
4835:Oxford Etymologist Archives
4528:Wieviel Monde hat ein Jahr?
3689:"Introduction to Calendars"
3101:
3049:of the Gregorian calendar:
2965:precession of the equinoxes
2950:
2844:April, June, and September.
2667:July (31 days), from Latin
1857:astronomical year numbering
1693:
1678:
1663:
1648:
1633:
1193:
10:
9962:
8327:Geocentric Coordinate Time
8312:Barycentric Dynamical Time
8250:Coordinated Universal Time
7318:Orders of magnitude (time)
5849:10.1177/002182860403500305
5680:10.1177/002182868601700204
5621:. Oxford University Press.
4713:Woolley, Benjamin (2001).
3594:French Republican Calendar
2963:. However, because of the
2920:
2842:Thirty days have November,
2829:Thirti dayes hath novembir
2801:Thirty Days Hath September
2320:
2259:
2240:
1315:
1228:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1197:
634:two days dated 24 February
591:'Old Style' or 'New Style'
523:'tropical' or 'solar' year
40:
29:
9845:
9750:
9734:
9718:
9676:
9668:Thermoluminescence dating
9586:
9575:
9563:Samarium–neodymium dating
9530:
9509:
9483:
9474:
9436:
9374:
9329:
9293:
9262:
9253:
9216:
9178:
9057:
9032:
8984:
8881:
8772:
8739:
8713:
8594:
8494:
8481:Time-translation symmetry
8411:
8385:
8368:
8292:International Atomic Time
8242:
8219:
8147:
8089:
8042:
8029:Time translation symmetry
7974:
7914:
7904:
7826:
7753:
7673:
7614:
7498:
7416:
7326:
7288:
7274:
7243:
7175:
7116:
6980:
6934:
6923:
6893:
6850:
6785:
6588:
6534:
6501:
6095:
6084:
6023:
5997:
5766:Borkowski, K. M. (1991).
5368:Meeus & Savoie (1992)
5132:Oxford English Dictionary
5110:Oxford English Dictionary
5088:Oxford English Dictionary
5066:Oxford English Dictionary
5044:Oxford English Dictionary
5022:Oxford English Dictionary
5000:Oxford English Dictionary
4978:Oxford English Dictionary
4881:Oxford English Dictionary
4859:Oxford English Dictionary
4802:Oxford English Dictionary
4773:Oxford English Dictionary
4683:Chiesa Cattolica (1752).
4577:The Diary of Samuel Pepys
4571:29 September 2007 at the
4069:Vatican Apostolic Archive
4021:Meeus & Savoie (1992)
3906:Cassini, Jacques (1740).
3819:Ben-Menahem, Ari (2009).
2979:In the 19th century, Sir
2831:April june and Septembir.
2474:
1224:Eastern Orthodox Churches
587:both notations were given
9382:Chinese sexagenary cycle
7235:
5654:Swerdlow, N. M. (1986).
5617:Richards, E. G. (1998).
5560:Aloisius Lilius and the
5503:Calendrical Calculations
4658:12 November 2019 at the
4619:. British History Online
4606:Version 29 February 2000
4566:Tuesday 31 December 1661
4456:Il calendario fiorentino
4428:30 December 2015 at the
3252:
2916:
2656:", the Roman goddess of
2469:, 0000, 0001, and 0002.
1257:followed somewhat later
984:ecclesiastical full moon
461:
212:
41:Not to be confused with
9596:Amino acid racemisation
8741:Astronomical chronology
8714:Archaeology and geology
8421:Absolute space and time
8337:IERS Reference Meridian
8332:International Date Line
8243:International standards
7984:Absolute space and time
7635:Astronomical chronology
6110:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)
5380:Herschel, John (1849).
5297:The Cincinnati Enquirer
4541:17 October 2009 at the
4281:Lamont, Roscoe (1920),
3885:John of Saxony (1401).
3650:1/(365.2425-365.24217).
3618:months have such names.
3203:Revised Julian calendar
3003:Calendar seasonal error
2868:Variations appeared in
2685:his calendrical reforms
2004:Spain, Poland, Portugal
1363:, and colonies thereof
1049:First Council of Nicaea
1025:University of Salamanca
945:First Council of Nicaea
826:"beginning of the year"
552:First Council of Nicaea
484:1704067200 – 1735689599
396:Gregorian minus 13 days
9839:religion and mythology
9601:Archaeomagnetic dating
9113:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
8034:Time reversal symmetry
7338:Italian six-hour clock
7141:Dungeons & Dragons
6547:Ethiopian and Eritrean
5925:6 January 2014 at the
5799:
5397:Steel, Duncan (2000).
5207:: E.L. Steck, p.
4915:Scullard, H H (1990).
4653:The Perpetual Calendar
4602:30 August 2007 at the
4351:" (Easter beginning),
4063:
3963:. London. p. 29.
3927:Dreyer, J L E (2014).
3846:Carabias Torres (2012)
3735:. Garland Publishing.
3556:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3463:
3457:
3236:
3216:Johannes de Sacrobosco
3196:Greek Old Calendarists
2865:
2840:
2827:
2780:
2759:
2738:
2714:
2695:
2692:(31 days), from Latin
2670:
2647:
2644:(30 days), from Latin
2635:("great") and English
2630:
2614:
2611:(31 days), from Latin
2597:
2589:
2586:(30 days), from Latin
2568:
2565:(31 days), from Latin
2552:("Purifier"), and the
2521:
2494:
2455:international standard
2418:William III of England
2238:
1955:13th to 16th centuries
1887:
1849:
1829:
1809:
1721:
1259:
1233:On 29 September 1582,
1214:
1182:
1177:
1062:Giambattista Benedetti
1056:
1018:, who in 1475 invited
903:
646:General Roman Calendar
543:
503:
120:Balinese saka calendar
9501:Geological time units
8700:Weekday determination
8586:Sundial markup schema
7799:Time and fate deities
7744:The Unreality of Time
7683:A series and B series
7153:The Lord of the Rings
6860:Hanke–Henry Permanent
5808:Duncan, D. E (1999).
5595:10.1093/past/149.1.95
5532:; Savoie, D. (1992).
5383:Outlines of Astronomy
5282:"Memorable mnemonics"
4461:10 March 2017 at the
4213:Evans, James (1998).
4139:World Digital Library
4081:Kamen, Henry (1998).
3506:Old Swiss Confederacy
3478:Sexagesimal#Notations
3297:with effect from 1752
3074:World Season Calendar
2859:
2510:February (28 days in
2439:to make 23 April the
2214:
1911:Beginning of the year
1888:
1850:
1830:
1810:
1700:From 16 February 2100
1685:From 17 February 1900
1670:From 18 February 1800
1655:From 19 February 1700
1168:
530:
9553:Law of superposition
9548:Isotope geochemistry
8721:Chronological dating
8461:Theory of relativity
8322:Daylight saving time
8050:Chronological dating
8019:Theory of relativity
7363:Daylight saving time
5953:8 March 2023 at the
5174:, Berlitz, pp.
5149:(in Latin). Odense.
4641:. National Archives.
4582:1 March 2021 at the
4526:S. I. Seleschnikow:
4359:28 June 2016 at the
4347:13 July 2016 at the
3860:, pp. 211, 214.
3275:solar Hijri calendar
3170:History of calendars
2833:Of xxviij is but oon
2395:a proleptic calendar
2355:improve this section
2053:Southern Netherlands
1867:
1839:
1819:
1742:
1702:to 14 February 2200
1697:to 28 February 2200
1687:to 15 February 2100
1682:to 28 February 2100
1672:to 16 February 1900
1667:to 28 February 1900
1657:to 17 February 1800
1652:to 28 February 1800
1642:to 18 February 1700
1637:to 28 February 1700
1635:From 15 October 1582
566:as its predecessor.
158: – 3
9941:1582 establishments
9936:1580s introductions
9686:Fluorine absorption
9663:Luminescence dating
9558:Luminescence dating
9466:Milankovitch cycles
9306:Proleptic Gregorian
9138:Hindu units of time
8931:Time value of money
8726:Geologic time scale
8581:History of sundials
8446:Cosmological decade
8398:Greenwich Mean Time
8229:Orders of magnitude
7343:Thai six-hour clock
6865:International Fixed
6803:Proleptic Gregorian
6424:Slavic Native Faith
5866:Scientific American
5841:2004JHA....35..327M
5784:1991JRASC..85..121B
5709:1945PA.....53..218W
5672:1986JHA....17..109S
5550:1992JBAA..102...40M
5358:, pp. 580–581.
5270:on 6 February 2012.
5171:Italian for Dummies
4299:1920PA.....28...18L
3719:Gregory XIII (1582)
3116:Christianity portal
3079:Leap week calendars
2976:year 365.25 days).
2554:Proto-Indo-European
2399:Battle of Agincourt
2019:(Protestant states)
1953:Gradual change from
1928:Gregorian calendar
1921:Start numbered year
1640:From 5 October 1582
1620:
1328:Country/-ies/Areas
1312:Adoption by country
1255:Portuguese colonies
1220:Protestant Churches
1157:was not affected).
1094:Christopher Clavius
871:Christopher Clavius
656:
474:2151 or 1770 or 998
459:2150 or 1769 or 997
437:Thai solar calendar
427:Nanakshahi calendar
239:Discordian calendar
150:British Regnal year
57:
9931:Gregorian calendar
9788:Terminus post quem
9768:Synchronoptic view
9735:Linguistic methods
9696:Obsidian hydration
9631:Radiometric dating
9616:Incremental dating
9538:Chronostratigraphy
8906:Mental chronometry
8534:Marine chronometer
8386:Obsolete standards
7873:Rosy retrospection
7851:Mental chronometry
7675:Philosophy of time
6535:Christian variants
5907:Calendar Converter
5892:Gregorian calendar
5697:"Easter Intervals"
5583:Past & Present
5453:"An Odd Christmas"
4730:, pp. 95–139.
4493:. Tyndalehouse.com
4480:, vol. 10, p. 208.
4448:*Alexandre Dumas,
4328:www.henk-reints.nl
4067:, Magl. 5.10.5/a,
3979:differed from the
3455:See, for example,
3440:Carolingian Empire
3242:("Greater Work"),
3045:The following are
2993:tidal acceleration
2961:mean tropical year
2886:, considering the
2866:
2813:calendar of saints
2625:vegetation goddess
2414:Battle of Blenheim
2239:
1964:Republic of Venice
1883:
1855:is the year using
1845:
1825:
1805:
1618:
1427:, some Protestant
1372:Kingdom of Bohemia
1289:followed in 1753.
1239:Spain and Portugal
1235:Philip II of Spain
1178:
1087:epacts of the Moon
651:
492:Gregorian calendar
249:Ethiopian calendar
187:Byzantine calendar
62:Gregorian calendar
50:
9918:
9917:
9905:Wheel of the Year
9801:
9800:
9714:
9713:
9571:
9570:
9432:
9431:
9387:Geologic Calendar
9249:
9248:
8944:
8943:
8754:Nuclear timescale
8436:Continuous signal
8175:
8174:
8085:
8084:
8060:Circadian rhythms
7878:Tense–aspect–mood
7733:Temporal finitism
7610:
7609:
7586:Grandfather clock
7203:
7202:
7185:List of calendars
7112:
7111:
6811:historiographical
6678:French Republican
6584:
6583:
6342:Manipuri (Meitei)
5912:Inter Gravissimas
5812:. HarperCollins.
5701:Popular Astronomy
5637:978-1-891389-85-6
5517:Inter Gravissimas
5410:978-0-471-29827-4
5356:Seidelmann (1992)
4940:Forsythe (2014).
4673:, p. 91–101.
4476:Lorenzo Cattini,
4434:Popular Astronomy
4287:Popular Astronomy
4271:, p. 99–100.
3977:Alphonsine tables
3970:978-0-907628-95-8
3957:North, J (1989).
3940:978-1-108-06871-0
3895:] (in Latin).
3581:Rudolphine Tables
3538:in 1583. Coastal
3510:Helvetic Republic
3186:List of calendars
3154:Dionysius Exiguus
3061:(also called the
3054:Holocene calendar
2854:
2853:
2522:mēnsis Februārius
2448:Julian day number
2391:
2390:
2383:
2291:American colonies
2146:
2145:
2016:Holy Roman Empire
1993:(Catholic states)
1990:Holy Roman Empire
1848:{\displaystyle Y}
1828:{\displaystyle D}
1709:
1708:
1695:From 1 March 2100
1680:From 1 March 1900
1665:From 1 March 1800
1650:From 1 March 1700
1611:
1610:
1215:Inter gravissimas
1111:De revolutionibus
935:Inter gravissimas
905:Inter gravissimas
808:
807:
583:Improved calendar
564:geocentric theory
511:Pope Gregory XIII
505:Inter gravissimas
488:
487:
372:Javanese calendar
357:Japanese calendar
317:Holocene calendar
167:Buddhist calendar
100:Assyrian calendar
88:Armenian calendar
43:Georgian calendar
16:(Redirected from
9953:
9828:
9821:
9814:
9805:
9804:
9793:ASPRO chronology
9742:Glottochronology
9658:Tephrochronology
9606:Dendrochronology
9584:
9583:
9481:
9480:
9280:Proleptic Julian
9270:Pre-Julian Roman
9260:
9259:
9055:
9054:
8971:
8964:
8957:
8948:
8947:
8645:Dominical letter
8576:Equation of time
8539:Marine sandglass
8380:
8374:
8352:Terrestrial Time
8209:Time measurement
8202:
8195:
8188:
8179:
8178:
8165:
8164:
8155:
8154:
8072:Glottochronology
7912:
7911:
7828:Human experience
7688:B-theory of time
7286:
7285:
7230:
7223:
7216:
7207:
7206:
7193:
7192:
7183:
7182:
7047:Human (Holocene)
7032:Chinese Imperial
6932:
6931:
6852:Reform proposals
6807:Proleptic Julian
6569:Eastern Orthodox
6199:Germanic heathen
6177:Earthly Branches
6093:
6092:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5961:
5960:
5942:The Calendar FAQ
5916:
5880:
5869:
5860:
5823:
5804:
5802:
5787:
5762:
5743:
5723:
5712:
5691:
5650:
5641:
5622:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5580:
5567:
5553:
5525:
5507:
5489:
5480:
5469:Bond, John James
5464:
5462:
5460:
5446:
5415:
5414:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5308:
5300:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5098:
5092:
5090:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4966:
4957:
4955:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4825:
4806:
4804:
4790:
4779:
4777:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4737:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4613:
4607:
4593:
4587:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4512:Spathaky, Mike.
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4468:
4446:
4440:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4389:
4388:, p. 94–95.
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4255:Herluf Nielsen:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4042:
4036:
4033:Ziggelaar (1983)
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3861:
3858:Ziggelaar (1983)
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3669:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3631:but rejected by
3625:
3619:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3597:
3590:
3584:
3573:
3567:
3527:
3521:
3502:
3493:
3490:
3481:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3444:Byzantine Empire
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3376:
3370:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3263:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3228:
3225:
3191:Old Calendarists
3118:
3113:
3112:
3047:proposed reforms
3041:Proposed reforms
3011:
2884:knuckle mnemonic
2881:
2862:knuckle mnemonic
2846:Of 28 is but one
2824:
2820:
2817:
2811:inserted into a
2794:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2717:
2715:mēnsis september
2707:
2698:
2682:
2673:
2650:
2633:
2617:
2600:
2592:
2571:
2526:, "Month of the
2524:
2497:
2495:mēnsis Iānuārius
2468:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2335:
2327:
2311:Eastern Orthodox
2289:, and Britain's
2237:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2224:
1915:
1914:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1862:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1621:
1617:
1374:, some Catholic
1322:
1321:
1294:Islamic calendar
1262:
1217:
1185:
1116:Erasmus Reinhold
1106:Alfonsine tables
1059:
1037:Council of Trent
1013:
1010:
1002:
999:
917:
908:
898:
882:
867:
854:Gregorian reform
849:
847:
846:
843:
840:
836:
828:section below).
662:
657:
650:
579:Eastern Orthodox
541:
508:
463:— to —
447:Tibetan calendar
347:Islamic calendar
337:Iranian calendar
214:— to —
197:Chinese calendar
177:Burmese calendar
130:Bengali calendar
72:
58:
56:
52:2024 in various
49:
21:
9961:
9960:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9951:
9950:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9914:
9841:
9832:
9802:
9797:
9746:
9730:
9726:Molecular clock
9719:Genetic methods
9710:
9691:Nitrogen dating
9678:Relative dating
9672:
9641:Potassium–argon
9588:Absolute dating
9578:
9567:
9526:
9505:
9470:
9446:Cosmic Calendar
9438:Astronomic time
9428:
9370:
9325:
9289:
9275:Original Julian
9245:
9212:
9174:
9073:Ab urbe condita
9051:
9028:
8980:
8975:
8945:
8940:
8877:
8768:
8735:
8709:
8590:
8490:
8441:Coordinate time
8413:Time in physics
8407:
8381:
8375:
8366:
8238:
8215:
8206:
8176:
8171:
8143:
8134:Time immemorial
8081:
8038:
7999:Coordinate time
7970:
7924:Geological time
7900:
7883:Time management
7846:Generation time
7830:
7822:
7767:
7749:
7669:
7628:
7606:
7494:
7412:
7329:
7322:
7278:
7270:
7239:
7234:
7204:
7199:
7171:
7108:
7062:Nirayana system
6988:Ab urbe condita
6976:
6928:
6926:
6919:
6898:
6896:
6889:
6846:
6797:anthropological
6781:
6580:
6564:Liturgical year
6530:
6497:
6089:
6087:
6080:
6019:
5993:
5988:
5955:Wayback Machine
5927:Wayback Machine
5914:
5888:
5883:
5820:
5759:
5731:
5729:Further reading
5726:
5666:(49): 109–118.
5638:
5607:
5605:
5587:Oxford Academic
5578:
5458:
5456:
5443:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5411:
5395:
5391:
5378:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5343:
5323:
5319:
5302:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5260:
5256:
5244:
5237:
5220:
5216:
5197:
5193:
5186:
5166:
5162:
5143:
5139:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5012:
5011:
5007:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4968:
4967:
4960:
4952:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4913:
4909:
4892:
4888:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4826:
4809:
4792:
4791:
4782:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4738:
4734:
4726:
4722:
4711:
4707:
4681:
4677:
4669:
4665:
4660:Wayback Machine
4650:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4604:Wayback Machine
4594:
4590:
4584:Wayback Machine
4573:Wayback Machine
4564:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4543:Wayback Machine
4525:
4521:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4463:Wayback Machine
4447:
4443:
4430:Wayback Machine
4421:Roscoe Lamont,
4420:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4361:Wayback Machine
4349:Wayback Machine
4339:
4335:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4263:
4254:
4250:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4084:Philip of Spain
4079:
4075:
4057:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4009:Swerdlow (1986)
4007:
4003:
3987:
3986:
3971:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3925:
3921:
3904:
3900:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3817:
3813:
3807:Richards (2013)
3805:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3768:Richards (1998)
3766:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3626:
3622:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3591:
3587:
3574:
3570:
3564:Austria-Hungary
3550:, ruled by the
3528:
3524:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3484:
3475:
3471:
3454:
3450:
3437:
3433:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3246:
3226:
3220:De Anni Ratione
3149:Hebrew calendar
3129:Calendar reform
3114:
3107:
3104:
3043:
3005:
2957:mean solar days
2953:
2925:
2919:
2879:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2818:
2792:
2789:
2781:mēnsis december
2771:
2768:
2760:mēnsis november
2750:
2747:
2729:
2726:
2705:
2696:mēnsis Augustus
2680:
2477:
2466:
2387:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2352:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2272:Julian calendar
2268:
2260:Main articles:
2258:
2245:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2209:
2136:except Scotland
2135:
2130:
2018:
1992:
1954:
1937:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:, that is, use
1840:
1837:
1836:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1716:
1712:
1701:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1636:
1624:Gregorian range
1616:
1320:
1314:
1202:
1196:
1163:
1121:Prutenic tables
1079:Aloysius Lilius
1066:Giuseppe Moleto
1033:
1011:
1000:
976:Catholic Church
958:
930:
929:
928:
925:
922:Camillo Rusconi
918:
909:
899:
890:
887:Lavinia Fontana
883:
874:
868:
856:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
832:
814:, in this case
668:Length in days
611:Julian calendar
607:
542:
537:
515:Julian calendar
473:
467:
465:
460:
458:
452:
420:
412:Minguo calendar
402:Korean calendar
392:Julian calendar
365:
269:Hindu calendars
259:Hebrew calendar
229:Coptic calendar
222:
217:甲辰年 (Wood
216:
211:
209:
140:Berber calendar
110:Baháʼí calendar
93:
78:Ab urbe condita
68:
67:
51:
46:
39:
32:Liturgical year
28:
23:
22:
18:Common calendar
15:
12:
11:
5:
9959:
9949:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9916:
9915:
9913:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9846:
9843:
9842:
9831:
9830:
9823:
9816:
9808:
9799:
9798:
9796:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9763:New Chronology
9760:
9754:
9752:
9751:Related topics
9748:
9747:
9745:
9744:
9738:
9736:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9728:
9722:
9720:
9716:
9715:
9712:
9711:
9709:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9682:
9680:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9628:
9626:Paleomagnetism
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9592:
9590:
9581:
9573:
9572:
9569:
9568:
9566:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9534:
9532:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9524:
9519:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9487:
9485:
9478:
9472:
9471:
9469:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9442:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9424:New Earth Time
9421:
9416:
9415:
9414:
9409:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9378:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9368:
9363:
9353:
9348:
9333:
9331:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9297:
9295:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9287:
9285:Revised Julian
9282:
9277:
9272:
9266:
9264:
9257:
9251:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9222:
9220:
9214:
9213:
9211:
9210:
9205:
9203:Lists of kings
9200:
9195:
9193:Canon of Kings
9190:
9184:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9172:
9171:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9145:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9118:Before present
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9076:
9069:
9063:
9061:
9052:
9050:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9015:
9014:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8981:
8974:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8951:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8926:Time metrology
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8891:
8885:
8883:
8882:Related topics
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8779:
8777:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8745:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8600:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8571:Dialing scales
8568:
8563:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8500:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8417:
8415:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8403:Prime meridian
8400:
8395:
8393:Ephemeris time
8389:
8387:
8383:
8382:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8364:
8362:180th meridian
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8205:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8182:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8169:
8159:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8093:
8091:
8087:
8086:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8079:
8077:Time geography
8074:
8069:
8067:Clock reaction
8064:
8063:
8062:
8052:
8046:
8044:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7980:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7920:
7918:
7909:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7898:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7866:time signature
7863:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7837:
7835:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7754:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7747:
7740:
7738:Temporal parts
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7708:Eternal return
7705:
7700:
7695:
7693:Chronocentrism
7690:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7631:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7602:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7565:
7564:
7559:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7504:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7492:
7485:
7480:
7478:Hindu Panchang
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7422:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7283:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7240:
7233:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7210:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7187:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7157:
7145:
7133:
7120:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:Chinese Minguo
7034:
7029:
7027:Before Present
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6995:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6936:
6929:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6856:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6549:
6544:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6524:Calendar round
6521:
6511:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6182:Heavenly Stems
6179:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5987:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5945:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5917:
5909:
5904:
5887:
5886:External links
5884:
5882:
5881:
5870:
5861:
5824:
5818:
5805:
5788:
5763:
5757:
5744:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5713:
5692:
5651:
5642:
5636:
5623:
5614:
5568:
5554:
5526:
5508:
5498:Reingold, E. M
5494:Dershowitz, D.
5490:
5481:
5465:
5448:
5441:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5389:
5386:. p. 629.
5372:
5360:
5348:
5341:
5328:The Critical I
5317:
5288:
5273:
5254:
5235:
5214:
5191:
5184:
5160:
5137:
5115:
5093:
5071:
5049:
5027:
5005:
4983:
4958:
4950:
4932:
4925:
4907:
4886:
4864:
4842:
4807:
4780:
4755:
4732:
4720:
4705:
4675:
4663:
4644:
4630:
4608:
4588:
4558:
4551:31 August 1492
4519:
4504:
4482:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4441:
4414:
4402:
4390:
4378:
4366:
4333:
4315:
4303:
4273:
4261:
4248:
4232:
4225:
4205:
4203:, p. 788.
4193:
4181:
4167:
4156:. Tondering.dk
4145:
4126:
4100:
4094:978-0300078008
4093:
4073:
4055:
4037:
4035:, p. 220.
4025:
4013:
4001:
3969:
3949:
3939:
3919:
3898:
3877:
3862:
3850:
3848:, p. 241.
3838:
3831:
3811:
3809:, p. 599.
3796:
3794:, p. 218.
3784:
3772:
3770:, p. 101.
3760:
3748:
3741:
3723:
3706:
3680:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3641:
3620:
3607:
3598:
3585:
3568:
3522:
3494:
3482:
3469:
3448:
3431:
3371:
3350:
3318:
3305:
3288:
3279:
3267:civil calendar
3257:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3229:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3076:
3071:
3069:World Calendar
3066:
3056:
3042:
3039:
3004:
3001:
2952:
2949:
2923:Seven-day week
2921:Main article:
2918:
2915:
2905:piano keyboard
2852:
2851:
2838:
2805:oral tradition
2797:
2796:
2775:
2754:
2739:mēnsis octōber
2733:
2709:
2687:
2683:BC as part of
2665:
2639:
2606:
2590:mēnsis Aprīlis
2581:
2569:mēnsis Mārtius
2560:
2532:Roman festival
2518:), from Latin
2508:
2476:
2473:
2389:
2388:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2321:Main article:
2318:
2315:
2257:
2254:
2241:Main article:
2208:
2205:
2150:Roman Republic
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2133:British Empire
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:Dutch Republic
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1934:Roman Republic
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1863:for BC years.
1844:
1824:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:Ottoman Empire
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1313:
1310:
1283:British Empire
1198:Main article:
1195:
1192:
1162:
1159:
1102:Petrus Pitatus
1045:vernal equinox
1032:
1029:
1016:Pope Sixtus IV
980:canonical date
972:spring equinox
962:date of Easter
957:
954:
927:
926:
919:
912:
910:
900:
893:
891:
884:
877:
875:
869:
862:
859:
858:
857:
855:
852:
806:
805:
802:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
784:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
755:
751:
750:
747:
744:
740:
739:
736:
733:
729:
728:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
696:
695:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
663:
615:solar calendar
606:
603:
599:civil purposes
535:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
453:(female Water-
449:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
414:
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
394:
388:
387:
384:
382:Juche calendar
378:
377:
374:
368:
367:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
309:
300:
299:
296:
287:
286:
283:
274:
273:
271:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
251:
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:
231:
225:
224:
204:年 (Water
199:
193:
192:
189:
183:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
163:
162:
152:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
64:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9958:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9844:
9840:
9836:
9829:
9824:
9822:
9817:
9815:
9810:
9809:
9806:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9749:
9743:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9733:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9717:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9633:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9593:
9591:
9589:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:Chronological
9574:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9543:Geochronology
9541:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9529:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9508:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9476:Geologic time
9473:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9461:Metonic cycle
9459:
9457:
9456:Galactic year
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9397:ISO week date
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9379:
9377:
9373:
9367:
9364:
9361:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9328:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9292:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9265:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9252:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9219:
9215:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9177:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9150:
9149:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9103:Byzantine era
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9059:Calendar eras
9056:
9053:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9034:
9031:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8972:
8967:
8965:
8960:
8958:
8953:
8952:
8949:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8900:
8897:
8896:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8775:units of time
8771:
8765:
8764:Sidereal time
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8749:Galactic year
8747:
8746:
8744:
8742:
8738:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8712:
8706:
8705:Weekday names
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8695:Tropical year
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8660:Intercalation
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:(lunar Hijri)
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8597:
8593:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8493:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8466:Time dilation
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8410:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8379:
8373:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8302:24-hour clock
8300:
8298:
8297:12-hour clock
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8241:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8221:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8203:
8198:
8196:
8191:
8189:
8184:
8183:
8180:
8168:
8160:
8158:
8150:
8149:
8146:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8055:Chronobiology
8053:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8041:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7989:Arrow of time
7987:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7961:Geochronology
7959:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7903:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7829:
7825:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7811:Wheel of time
7809:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7755:
7752:
7746:
7745:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7655:Periodization
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7601:
7600:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7581:Digital clock
7579:
7577:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7523:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:Relative hour
7356:
7354:
7353:24-hour clock
7351:
7349:
7348:12-hour clock
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7325:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7277:
7273:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7231:
7226:
7224:
7219:
7217:
7212:
7211:
7208:
7196:
7188:
7186:
7178:
7177:
7174:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7012:Anno Martyrum
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6930:
6927:and numbering
6922:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6892:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6842:'Pataphysical
6840:
6838:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:Tōnalpōhualli
6609:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6500:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6365:Vikram Samvat
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6219:Vikram Samvat
6217:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5985:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5878:
5877:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5825:
5821:
5819:9780380793242
5815:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5778:(3): 21–130.
5777:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5760:
5758:9780192142313
5754:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5721:
5720:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5629:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5577:
5573:
5572:Poole, Robert
5569:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5442:9780192142313
5438:
5434:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5412:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5384:
5376:
5370:, p. 42.
5369:
5364:
5357:
5352:
5344:
5342:9780231076517
5338:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5321:
5312:
5306:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5277:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5249:
5242:
5240:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5185:9781118258767
5181:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5141:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5119:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5009:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4963:
4953:
4951:9781138802322
4947:
4943:
4936:
4928:
4926:9780801414022
4922:
4918:
4911:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4752:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4716:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4651:Nørby, Toke.
4648:
4640:
4634:
4618:
4612:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4595:Nørby, Toke.
4592:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4562:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4515:
4508:
4492:
4486:
4479:
4473:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4418:
4412:, p. 92.
4411:
4406:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4382:
4376:, p. 97.
4375:
4370:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4313:, p. 98.
4312:
4307:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4228:
4226:0-19-509539-1
4222:
4218:
4217:
4209:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4177:
4171:
4155:
4149:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4056:9788872214817
4052:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4029:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3991:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3832:9783540688310
3828:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3793:
3792:Walker (1945)
3788:
3782:
3779:Clause 3.2.1
3776:
3769:
3764:
3757:
3756:Blegen (2013)
3752:
3744:
3742:0-8153-1503-1
3738:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3645:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3617:
3611:
3602:
3595:
3589:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3375:
3368:
3364:
3363:Metonic cycle
3360:
3354:
3328:
3322:
3315:
3309:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3283:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Doomsday rule
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:June solstice
3026:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2981:John Herschel
2977:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2839:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2677:Julius Caesar
2674:
2672:
2671:mēnsis Iūlius
2666:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:mēnsis Iūnius
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:", the Roman
2576:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:Saint Crispin
2400:
2396:
2385:
2382:
2374:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2340:This section
2338:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2244:
2218:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2201:Golden number
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2168:), 25 March (
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2127:Great Britain
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1861:1 − (year BC)
1858:
1842:
1822:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:Great Britain
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:Swiss cantons
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:Low Countries
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:Swiss cantons
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:Low Countries
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1306:Rumi calendar
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:much of Italy
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1172:, printed in
1171:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1134:tropical year
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Pope Paul III
1038:
1035:In 1545, the
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:Regiomontanus
1017:
1006:
995:
991:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
968:
963:
953:
951:
946:
942:
937:
936:
923:
916:
911:
907:
906:
897:
892:
888:
881:
876:
872:
866:
861:
860:
851:
829:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
803:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
752:
748:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
697:
693:
689:
686:
683:
682:
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
659:
658:
655:
649:
647:
643:
642:1969 revision
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
556:March equinox
553:
549:
540:
534:
529:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
506:
501:
497:
493:
483:
481:
478:
477:
471:
464:
456:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
428:
425:
424:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
405:
403:
400:
399:
395:
393:
390:
389:
385:
383:
380:
379:
375:
373:
370:
369:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
338:
335:
334:
330:
328:
327:Igbo calendar
325:
324:
320:
318:
315:
314:
310:
308:
307:
302:
301:
297:
295:
294:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
280:Vikram Samvat
276:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
262:
260:
257:
256:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
240:
237:
236:
232:
230:
227:
226:
220:
215:
207:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
190:
188:
185:
184:
180:
178:
175:
174:
170:
168:
165:
164:
161:
157:
153:
151:
148:
147:
143:
141:
138:
137:
133:
131:
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
117:
113:
111:
108:
107:
103:
101:
98:
97:
91:
89:
86:
85:
81:
79:
76:
75:
71:
65:
63:
60:
59:
55:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
9706:Stratigraphy
9651:Uranium–lead
9621:Lichenometry
9419:Winter count
9402:Mesoamerican
9330:Astronomical
9300:
9148:Mesoamerican
9133:Sothic cycle
9108:Seleucid era
9093:Bosporan era
9081: /
9071:
9019:Paleontology
8911:Decimal time
8640:Astronomical
8603:
8519:Complication
8514:Atomic clock
8129:Time capsule
8123:Tempus fugit
8121:
8043:Other fields
7742:
7723:Perdurantism
7645:Calendar era
7597:
7590:
7576:Cuckoo clock
7513:astronomical
7487:
7447:
7313:Unit of time
7244:Key concepts
7163:
7151:
7148:Middle-earth
7139:
7127:
6897:applications
6895:Displays and
6805: /
6786:By specialty
6755:
6616:Xiuhpōhualli
6514:Mesoamerican
6360:Nepal Sambat
6050:
6031:Astronomical
5896:
5875:
5865:
5832:
5809:
5793:
5775:
5771:
5748:
5738:
5718:
5700:
5663:
5659:
5646:
5627:
5618:
5606:. Retrieved
5582:
5563:
5559:
5544:(1): 40–42.
5541:
5537:
5521:
5516:
5512:Gregory XIII
5501:
5485:
5476:
5457:. Retrieved
5431:
5399:
5392:
5382:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5327:
5320:
5296:
5291:
5276:
5268:the original
5257:
5224:
5217:
5200:
5194:
5170:
5163:
5146:
5140:
5131:
5125:
5118:
5109:
5103:
5096:
5087:
5081:
5074:
5065:
5059:
5058:"September,
5052:
5043:
5037:
5030:
5021:
5015:
5008:
4999:
4993:
4986:
4977:
4971:
4941:
4935:
4916:
4910:
4900:Life of Numa
4899:
4889:
4880:
4874:
4867:
4858:
4852:
4845:
4834:
4801:
4795:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4749:
4735:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4666:
4647:
4633:
4621:. Retrieved
4611:
4591:
4561:
4555:(in Russian)
4547:1 March 1492
4531:
4527:
4522:
4507:
4497:14 September
4495:. Retrieved
4485:
4472:
4444:
4436:
4433:
4417:
4405:
4381:
4369:
4352:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4306:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4241:
4235:
4215:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4148:
4129:
4117:. Retrieved
4113:
4103:
4083:
4076:
4046:
4040:
4028:
4016:
4004:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3929:
3922:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3892:
3887:
3880:
3873:Moyer (1983)
3853:
3841:
3821:
3814:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3751:
3732:
3726:
3697:. Retrieved
3683:
3675:
3667:
3644:
3623:
3615:
3610:
3601:
3588:
3571:
3525:
3472:
3467:, Table III.
3451:
3434:
3374:
3358:
3353:
3326:
3321:
3308:
3291:
3282:
3261:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3161:– Wikisource
3084:Pax Calendar
3062:
3044:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3006:
2986:
2978:
2973:astronomical
2972:
2954:
2942:
2926:
2913:
2871:Mother Goose
2869:
2867:
2841:
2828:
2798:
2778:
2757:
2736:
2712:
2700:, "Month of
2693:
2675:, "Month of
2668:
2652:, "Month of
2645:
2636:
2628:
2619:, "Month of
2615:mēnsis Māius
2612:
2595:
2587:
2573:, "Month of
2566:
2519:
2499:, "Month of
2492:
2478:
2471:
2452:
2445:
2426:
2411:
2407:
2392:
2377:
2371:October 2020
2368:
2353:Please help
2341:
2308:
2276:
2269:
2246:
2197:
2185:
2174:
2170:Annunciation
2163:
2154:Roman Empire
2147:
1977:Papal States
1939:Roman Empire
1923:on 1 January
1898:
1895:
1736:
1710:
1627:Julian range
1606:Saudi Arabia
1291:
1277:
1265:
1232:
1211:
1207:Papal States
1203:
1187:
1179:
1169:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1131:
1126:sexagesimals
1119:
1109:
1091:
1083:
1081:(or Lilio).
1053:
1034:
988:
965:
960:Because the
959:
933:
931:
830:
815:
812:calendar era
809:
631:
626:
608:
589:, tagged as
582:
568:
544:
531:
527:
491:
489:
462:
304:
293:Shaka Samvat
291:
278:
223:4722 or 4515
213:
210:4721 or 4514
69:
61:
47:
9875:Eschatology
9646:Radiocarbon
9321:Dual dating
9180:Regnal year
9158:Short Count
9098:Bostran era
9079:Anno Domini
9012:Big History
8992:Archaeology
8921:System time
8916:Metric time
8635:Solar Hijri
8561:Water clock
8544:Radio clock
8476:Time domain
8456:Proper time
8342:Leap second
8224:Chronometry
8139:Time travel
8117:System time
8024:Time domain
8009:Proper time
7833:use of time
7804:Father Time
7784:Immortality
7774:Ages of Man
7703:Endurantism
7660:Regnal year
7640:Big History
7569:water-based
7468:Solar Hijri
7378:Hexadecimal
7328:Measurement
7290:Chronometry
7276:Measurement
6998:Anno Domini
6967:Regnal year
6962:Regnal name
6935:Terminology
6925:Year naming
6880:Symmetry454
6730:Pentecontad
6653:Culāsakaraj
6638:Cappadocian
6370:Yele Sambat
6256:Zoroastrian
6150:Bangladeshi
6088:limited use
6066:Solar Hijri
6061:Lunar Hijri
6024:In wide use
5897:In Our Time
5124:"December,
5102:"November,
4794:"February,
4671:Bond (1875)
4410:Bond (1875)
4386:Bond (1875)
4374:Bond (1875)
4342:Osteranfang
4311:Bond (1875)
4269:Bond (1875)
3930:Tycho Brahe
3514:Switzerland
3247: 1267
3232:Roger Bacon
3227: 1235
3089:Symmetry454
2997:leap second
2819: 1425
2623:", a Roman
2428:Shakespeare
2304:dual dating
2243:Dual dating
2207:Dual dating
1926:Adoption of
1727:Middle Ages
1717:24 February
1713:29 February
1630:Difference
1415:Protestant
1355:, Catholic
1241:as well as
1098:Tycho Brahe
1068:, believed
1054:In 1577, a
1039:authorised
1031:Preparation
1012: 1300
1001: 1200
994:Roger Bacon
817:Anno Domini
638:29 February
605:Description
468:(male Wood-
160:Cha. 3
156:Cha. 3
9925:Categories
9895:Golden Age
9890:Heortology
9885:Eviternity
9870:Divination
9241:Vietnamese
9153:Long Count
9088:Anno Mundi
9083:Common Era
8985:Key topics
8978:Chronology
8936:Timekeeper
8889:Chronology
8873:Millennium
8759:Precession
8665:Julian day
8486:T-symmetry
8347:Solar time
8317:Civil time
7841:Chronemics
7816:Kalachakra
7728:Presentism
7713:Eternalism
7619:Chronology
7557:mechanical
7508:Main types
7426:Main types
7104:Vietnamese
7017:Anno Mundi
7007:Anno Lucis
7002:Common Era
6905:Electronic
6875:Positivist
6837:Discordian
6827:Dreamspell
6762:Sexagenary
6703:Macedonian
6673:Florentine
6623:Babylonian
6589:Historical
6519:Long Count
6473:Vietnamese
6429:Macedonian
6392:Nanakshahi
6322:Lithuanian
6192:Solar term
5608:4 December
5589:: 95–139.
5422:References
5080:"October,
4764:"January,
4728:Poole 1995
3238:Opus Majus
3165:Julian day
2969:perihelion
2809:marginalia
2790: 750
2769: 750
2748: 750
2727: 750
2664:, and rule
2662:childbirth
2516:leap years
2514:and 29 in
2221:170
1595:common era
1571:Yugoslavia
1445:, and the
1406:Strasbourg
1361:Luxembourg
1302:Hijri year
1268:Protestant
1057:Compendium
1007:, writing
956:Background
833:365
822:Common Era
692:leap years
690:28 (29 in
623:leap years
575:Protestant
519:leap years
509:issued by
500:papal bull
9778:Year zero
9758:Chronicle
9701:Seriation
9636:Lead–lead
9510:Standards
9491:Deep time
9451:Ephemeris
9337:Lunisolar
9301:Gregorian
9294:Gregorian
9255:Calendars
9218:Era names
9188:Anka year
9067:Human Era
8997:Astronomy
8833:Fortnight
8680:Lunisolar
8670:Leap year
8604:Gregorian
8554:stopwatch
8529:Hourglass
8509:Astrarium
8426:Spacetime
8357:Time zone
8234:Metrology
8213:standards
8097:Leap year
8014:Spacetime
7888:Yesterday
7789:Dreamtime
7763:Mythology
7650:Deep time
7562:stopwatch
7537:hourglass
7518:astrarium
7448:Gregorian
7441:Lunisolar
7418:Calendars
7408:Time zone
7281:standards
7165:Star Trek
7129:Discworld
7124:Discworld
7117:Fictional
6993:Anka year
6972:Year zero
6952:Leap year
6910:Perpetual
6633:Byzantine
6352:Mongolian
6332:Malayalam
6076:Unix time
6051:Gregorian
6046:Ethiopian
6010:Lunisolar
5991:Calendars
5857:119021116
5688:118491152
5530:Meeus, J.
5155:163382057
5036:"August,
4903:, Ch. xix
4293:: 18–32,
4257:Kronologi
3990:cite book
3676:new-style
3659:Citations
3552:Habsburgs
2909:semitones
2890:of one's
2876:mnemonics
2604:Aphrodite
2556:word for
2547:death god
2505:Roman god
2432:Cervantes
2342:does not
2181:Charles I
2166:Christmas
1797:−
1773:−
1731:proleptic
1722:bissextum
1519:Lithuania
1298:Hijri era
1296:with the
1212:The bull
1194:Adoption
1075:Calabrian
768:September
548:equinoxes
480:Unix time
376:1957–1958
351:1445–1446
341:1402–1403
331:1024–1025
311:5124–5125
306:Kali Yuga
298:1945–1946
285:2080–2081
263:5784–5785
253:2016–2017
233:1740–1741
191:7532–7533
124:1945–1946
54:calendars
9900:Prophecy
9880:Eternity
9855:Calendar
9773:Timeline
9611:Ice core
9484:Concepts
9231:Japanese
9163:Tzolk'in
9128:Egyptian
8894:Duration
8868:Saeculum
8848:Olympiad
8690:Solstice
8619:Holocene
8596:Calendar
8496:Horology
8287:ISO 8601
8282:ISO 31-1
8157:Category
7905:Time in
7896:Tomorrow
7758:Religion
7698:Duration
7665:Timeline
7599:Timeline
7398:Sidereal
7266:Eternity
7195:Category
7160:Stardate
7136:Greyhawk
7067:Seleucid
7052:Japanese
7022:Assyrian
6957:New Year
6793:Holocene
6745:Rapa Nui
6718:Tzolkʼin
6683:Germanic
6663:Egyptian
6399:Romanian
6377:Nisg̱a'a
6337:Mandaean
6327:Maithili
6300:Javanese
6295:Japanese
6250:medieval
6204:Georgian
6115:Assyrian
6105:Armenian
6036:Buddhist
5951:Archived
5923:Archived
5574:(1995).
5514:(1582).
5500:(2008).
5471:(1875).
5305:citation
4895:Plutarch
4873:"April,
4851:"March,
4746:Archived
4656:Archived
4623:18 March
4600:Archived
4580:Archived
4569:Archived
4539:Archived
4459:Archived
4426:Archived
4357:Archived
4345:Archived
3981:Prutenic
3781:ISO 8601
3629:Plutarch
3560:Catholic
3532:Slovenia
3359:computus
3343:70499183
3337:49928114
3331:2
3327:computus
3175:ISO 8601
3102:See also
2951:Accuracy
2945:ISO 8601
2888:knuckles
2702:Augustus
2658:marriage
2544:Etruscan
2458:ISO 8601
2405:'s Day.
2299:Scotland
2295:Lady Day
2250:John Dee
2189:Adoption
2177:Lady Day
2159:new year
2152:and the
2091:Scotland
2066:Lorraine
1880:⌋
1872:⌊
1793:⌋
1777:⌊
1769:⌋
1753:⌊
1705:14 days
1690:13 days
1675:12 days
1660:11 days
1645:10 days
1529:Bulgaria
1341:Portugal
1281:and the
1260:de facto
1139:Accuracy
967:computus
801:December
790:November
687:February
619:leap day
571:Catholic
536:—
496:calendar
303: -
290: -
277: -
9865:Destiny
9860:Deities
9783:Floruit
9531:Methods
9392:Iranian
9360:Islamic
9226:Chinese
9037:Periods
9007:History
9002:Geology
8863:Century
8853:Lustrum
8783:Instant
8655:Equinox
8624:Islamic
8566:Sundial
8431:Chronon
8167:Commons
8090:Related
8004:Instant
7994:Chronon
7976:Physics
7916:Geology
7907:science
7779:Destiny
7624:History
7592:History
7547:sundial
7530:quantum
7473:Chinese
7463:Islamic
7373:Decimal
7368:Chinese
7330:systems
7256:Present
7092:Dvapara
7072:Spanish
6981:Systems
6831:New Age
6821:Martian
6777:Turkmen
6772:Swedish
6658:Coligny
6596:Arabian
6557:Revised
6463:Tripuri
6458:Tibetan
6414:Sesotho
6387:Punjabi
6347:Melanau
6317:Kurdish
6283:Tabular
6273:Islamic
6241:Iranian
6172:Chinese
6167:Burmese
6145:Bengali
6133:Pawukon
6086:In more
6041:Chinese
5998:Systems
5900:at the
5837:Bibcode
5780:Bibcode
5705:Bibcode
5668:Bibcode
5585:(149).
5546:Bibcode
5459:1 April
5014:"July,
4992:"June,
4295:Bibcode
4141:. 1584.
4119:23 July
4114:HISTORY
3637:Cincius
3548:Croatia
3540:Croatia
3536:Austria
3504:In the
3426:
3414:
3410:
3398:
3394:
3382:
3346:
2933:weekday
2721:Romulus
2598:aperire
2579:war god
2550:Februus
2536:cognate
2530:", the
2503:", the
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2363:removed
2348:sources
2287:Ireland
2279:England
2236:
2114:Tuscany
1950:Denmark
1918:Country
1567:Romania
1557:Estonia
1549:Ukraine
1505:Albania
1461:Finland
1443:Ireland
1425:Denmark
1386:Prussia
1279:Britain
1251:Spanish
1077:doctor
848:
779:October
676:January
644:of its
613:, is a
595:Western
494:is the
154:2
114:180–181
94:ԹՎ ՌՆՀԳ
9579:dating
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9341:Hebrew
9236:Korean
9047:Epochs
8858:Decade
8813:Moment
8808:Minute
8803:Second
8773:Other
8630:Julian
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6817:Darian
6767:Soviet
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6725:Muisca
6643:Celtic
6628:Bulgar
6576:Saints
6552:Julian
6542:Coptic
6488:Yoruba
6419:Slavic
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6305:Korean
6267:Gaelic
6246:Jalali
6209:Hebrew
6187:Minguo
6162:Borana
6157:Berber
6120:Baháʼí
5855:
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5205:Austin
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4970:"May,
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3544:Venice
3380:365 +
2896:pinkie
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2690:August
2681:
2631:magnus
2558:sulfur
2542:, the
2528:Februa
2512:common
2481:Julian
2475:Months
2462:year 0
2437:UNESCO
2102:Russia
2041:France
2030:Sweden
1943:153 BC
1815:where
1591:Turkey
1581:Greece
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1515:Latvia
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1345:France
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1114:) and
1070:Easter
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757:August
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455:Rabbit
421:民國113年
366:(令和6年)
219:Dragon
206:Rabbit
70:MMXXIV
9412:Aztec
9356:Lunar
9351:Solar
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9208:Limmu
9168:Haab'
9123:Hijri
8899:music
8838:Month
8798:Jiffy
8793:Shake
8788:Flick
8685:Solar
8675:Lunar
8650:Epact
8614:Hindu
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8112:Space
7944:epoch
7934:chron
7892:Today
7861:tempo
7856:Music
7718:Event
7552:watch
7436:Lunar
7431:Solar
7403:Solar
7393:Roman
7383:Hindu
7087:Treta
7082:Satya
7077:Yugas
6947:Epoch
6885:World
6750:Roman
6735:Pisan
6713:Haabʼ
6693:Hindu
6688:Greek
6668:Enoch
6606:Aztec
6601:Attic
6509:Runic
6502:Types
6483:Xhosa
6478:Wicca
6451:solar
6446:lunar
6436:Tamil
6404:Shona
6310:Juche
6278:Fasli
6263:Irish
6231:Hmong
6214:Hindu
6129:Bali
6124:Badí‘
6056:Hindu
6015:Solar
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5853:S2CID
5684:S2CID
5599:JSTOR
5579:(PDF)
5520:[
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4691:[
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3912:[
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3695:. n.d
3633:Varro
3616:Roman
3512:, or
3367:epact
3253:Notes
2929:weeks
2917:Weeks
2900:index
2892:hands
2637:major
2584:April
2563:March
2540:fever
2538:with
2501:Janus
2467:−0001
2283:Wales
2142:1752
2121:1582
2108:1918
2097:1752
2086:1582
2073:1582
2060:1582
2047:1582
2036:1753
2025:1700
2010:1582
1999:1583
1984:1582
1971:1582
1958:1700
1719:(the
1602:2016
1587:1926
1577:1923
1563:1919
1545:1918
1535:1917
1525:1916
1511:1915
1501:China
1497:1912
1491:Korea
1487:1896
1481:Egypt
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1471:Japan
1467:1873
1453:1753
1435:1752
1412:1700
1402:1682
1392:1648
1382:1610
1368:1584
1353:Italy
1337:Spain
1333:1582
1325:Year
1304:(see
1266:Many
1005:Dante
889:, 16C
713:April
702:March
627:three
362:Reiwa
321:12024
9910:Yuga
9850:Aeon
9835:Time
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9142:Yuga
9042:Eras
9024:Time
8843:Year
8828:Week
8818:Hour
8272:DUT1
8211:and
7831:and
7794:Kāla
7489:List
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7279:and
7251:Past
7237:Time
7097:Kali
6915:Wall
6756:Rumi
6708:Maya
6698:Inca
6648:Cham
6493:Zulu
6468:Tulu
6441:Thai
6382:Odia
6290:Jain
6236:Igbo
6224:Saka
6138:Saka
6100:Akan
5814:ISBN
5753:ISBN
5632:ISBN
5610:2020
5461:2018
5437:ISBN
5405:ISBN
5337:ISBN
5333:64–5
5311:link
5180:ISBN
5151:OCLC
4946:ISBN
4921:ISBN
4625:2007
4499:2010
4221:ISBN
4162:2022
4121:2021
4089:ISBN
4051:ISBN
3996:link
3965:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3827:ISBN
3737:ISBN
3701:2022
3635:and
3271:Iran
3017:The
2995:and
2860:The
2654:Juno
2642:June
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2575:Mars
2485:days
2430:and
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2344:cite
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2131:the
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2094:1600
2083:1583
2070:1579
2057:1576
2044:1564
2033:1559
2022:1559
2007:1556
1996:1544
1981:1583
1968:1522
1905:into
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1459:and
1253:and
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1064:and
990:Bede
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735:June
665:Name
577:and
490:The
466:阳木龙年
451:阴水兔年
441:2567
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243:3190
181:1386
171:2568
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104:6774
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9837:in
8823:Day
7949:era
7939:eon
7929:age
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7298:UTC
6942:Era
6870:Pax
6071:ISO
5902:BBC
5894:on
5845:doi
5676:doi
5591:doi
5542:102
5230:121
4549:to
3579:'s
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3407:100
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