2660:
580:
2684:
542:"We are doing everything possible to give work this new status as a social duty and to link it on the one hand with the development of technology, which will create the conditions for greater freedom, and on the other hand with voluntary work based on the Marxist appreciation that one truly reaches a full human condition when no longer compelled to produce by the physical necessity to sell oneself as a commodity."
44:
2746:". At first, goods may not even be intentionally produced for the explicit purpose of exchanging them, but as a regular market for goods develops and a cash economy grows, this becomes more and more the case, and production increasingly becomes integrated in commodity trade. "The product becomes a commodity" and "exchange value of the commodity acquires a separate existence alongside the commodity"
2672:
3031:
Marx acknowledged explicitly that not all commodities are products of human labour; all kinds of things can be traded "as if" they are commodities, so long as property rights can be attached to them. These are "fictitious commodities" or "pseudo-commodities" or "fiduciary commodities", i.e. their
2812:
In absolute terms, exchange values can also be measured as quantities of average labour-hours. Commodities which contain the same amount of socially necessary labor have the same exchange value. By contrast, prices are normally measured in money-units. For practical purposes, prices are, however,
2808:
Thus, the "commodification" of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment in trade. It is a process that may be influenced not just by economic or technical factors, but also political and cultural factors, insofar as it involves property rights, claims to access to
2760:
becomes more complex, a class of merchants emerges which specialises in trading commodities, buying here and selling there, without producing products themselves, and parallel to this, property owners emerge who extend credit and charge rents. This process goes together with the increased use of
3008:, consists of the equivalent of variable capital, plus surplus value. Thus, the workers produce by their labor both a new value equal to their own wages, plus an additional new value which is claimed by capitalists by virtue of their ownership and supply of productive capital.
3019:; by their work, workers create a new value distributed as both labour-income and property-income. If, as free workers, they choose to stop working, the system begins to break down; hence, capitalist civilisation strongly emphasizes the
3003:
Likewise, in considering the gross output of capitalist production in an economy as a whole, Marx divides its value into these four components. He argues that the total new value added in production, which he calls the
2772:
The transformation of a labor-product into a commodity (its "marketing") is in reality not a simple process, but has many technical and social preconditions. These often include the following ten (10) main ones:
456:
is any good or service ("products" or "activities") produced by human labour and offered as a product for general sale on the market. Some other priced goods are also treated as commodities, e.g. human
3032:
existence as commodities is only nominal or conventional. They may not even be tangible objects, but exist only ideally. A property right or financial claim, for instance, may be traded as a commodity.
523:
of exchange-value, but exchange value could also be expressed as a direct trading ratio between two commodities without using money, and goods could be priced using different valuations or criteria.
2895:
Since no one agency can control or regulate the myriad of transactions that occur (apart from blocking some trade here, and permitting it there), the whole of production falls under the sway of the
2865:
The hyphens ("-") here refer to a transaction applying to an exchange involving goods or money; the dots in the last-mentioned circuit ("...") indicate that a value-forming process ("P") occurs
2834:
C-C' (countertrade, in which a commodity trades directly for a different commodity, with money possibly being used as an accounting referent, for example, food for oil, or weapons for diamonds)
427:
2749:
Even so, in simple commodity production, not all inputs and outputs of the production process are necessarily commodities or priced goods, and it is compatible with a variety of different
3509:
4569:
851:
821:
461:, works of art and natural resources, even though they may not be produced specifically for the market, or be non-reproducible goods. This problem was extensively debated by
2992:
by the ruling profit margins applying to outputs sold. They reflect the fact that production has become totally integrated into the circuits of commodity trade, in which
3577:
515:, meaning that a commodity can be traded for other commodities, and thus give its owner the benefit of others' labor (the labor done to produce the purchased commodity).
420:
477:
are not equivalent terms in economics, and theorising the specific relationship of value to market price has been a challenge for both liberal and
Marxist economists.
2869:
purchase of commodities and the sales of different commodities. Thus, while at first merchants are intermediaries between producers and consumers, later capitalist
641:
4308:
413:
342:
352:
4559:
214:
2873:
becomes an intermediary between buyers and sellers of commodities. In that case, the valuation of labour is determined by the value of its products.
2804:
Guarantees about the quality and safety of the commodity, and possibly a guarantee of replacement or service, should it fail to function as intended.
2813:
usually preferable to labour-hours, as units of account, although in capitalist work processes the two are related to each other (see labor power).
4234:
2831:
M-M' (a sum of money is lent out at interest to obtain more money, or, one currency or financial claim is traded for another; "money begets money")
2107:
3570:
3535:
287:
3301:
2795:
The (physical) transferability of the commodity itself, i.e. the ability to store, package, preserve and transport it from one owner to another.
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ranging from self-employment and family labour to serfdom and slavery. Typically, however, it is the producer himself who trades his surpluses.
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4468:
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200:
59:
23:
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triple-C: Cognition, Communication, Co-operation (Vol. 10, No. 2) - special issue "Marx is Back" (edited by
Christian Fuchs and Vincent Mosco)
504:
It has a use value because, by its intrinsic characteristics, it can satisfy some human need or want, physical or ideal. By nature this is a
2981:
These components reflect respectively labour costs, the cost of materials and operating expenses including depreciation, and generic profit.
601:
4549:
596:
493:, which represents a quantity of human labor. Because it has value, implies that people try to economise its use. A commodity also has a
4564:
4301:
222:
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3563:
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become expressed as relations between things; for example, price relations. Markets mediate a complex network of interdependencies and
741:
616:
2861:
used in production to create a new commodity, which is sold for more money than the original outlay; "the circular course of capital")
4194:
2714:
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The existence of a social need for it (a market demand) that must be met through trade, or at any event cannot be met otherwise.
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951:
174:
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84:
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Commodity-trade, Marx argues, historically begins at the boundaries of separate economic communities based otherwise on a
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3023:, regardless of religious belief. People must work, because work is the source of new value, profits and capital.
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of commodities (cost-price + average profit). Prices of production are established jointly by average input costs
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4146:
3661:
1947:
1497:
1195:
1073:
776:
676:
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form of production. Thus, producers trade in those goods of which those producers, have episodic or permanent
993:
891:
871:
781:
706:
531:
104:
3273:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels: Volume 35 (International Publishers: New York, 1996) p. 49.
3172:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels: Volume 35 (International Publishers: New York, 1996) p. 48.
1095:
485:
In Marx's theory, a commodity is something that is bought and sold, or exchanged in a relationship of trade.
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4121:
4008:
3810:
2707:
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801:
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79:
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becomes the dominant motive. But what prices of production simultaneously hide is the social nature of the
1917:
1797:
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886:
731:
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emerging among people who may not even know who produced the goods they buy, or where they were produced.
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3905:
3077:
2943:
2743:
2425:
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1697:
831:
756:
651:
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4116:
3510:"A Note on the Ongoing Processes of Commodification: From the Audience Commodity to the Social Factory"
2197:
2172:
2097:
1460:
1258:
701:
169:
2842:(a commodity is sold for money, which buys another, different commodity with an equal or higher value)
2825:
M-C (an act of purchase: a sum of money purchases a commodity, or "money is changed into a commodity")
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4003:
3920:
3726:
3298:
2337:
1344:
1228:
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806:
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272:
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By producing new capital in the form of new commodities, Marx argues the working class continuously
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3012:
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2430:
796:
716:
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The right to buy and sell the commodity, and/or obtain (privately) and keep income from such trade
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4579:
4244:
3895:
3611:
3016:
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to their own requirements, and they aim to obtain different goods with an equal value in return.
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1408:
1140:
1023:
876:
841:
661:
656:
611:
470:
337:
109:
99:
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2903:, i.e. the aggregate effects of a multitude of people interacting in markets. How quantities of
4063:
3751:
3711:
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3482:
3067:
2523:
1847:
1253:
1185:
1175:
1163:
347:
164:
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4239:
4043:
3983:
3721:
3626:
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1667:
1512:
1088:
896:
816:
761:
527:
490:
159:
3815:
3502:
Both commodity and commodification play an important role in the critical approaches to the
534:
required to produce them, and price relativities of products are ultimately governed by the
4640:
4534:
4224:
4131:
4088:
4048:
3960:
3736:
3631:
3087:
2993:
2985:
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2918:, commodity sales increase the amount of exchange-value in the possession of the owners of
2580:
2533:
2528:
2513:
2503:
2470:
2445:
2332:
2307:
2207:
1922:
1492:
1307:
1263:
1068:
1033:
983:
925:
771:
646:
636:
589:
4402:
2777:
The existence of a reliable supply of a product, or at least a surplus or surplus product.
1377:
881:
312:
8:
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4605:
4437:
4412:
4141:
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3820:
3776:
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3636:
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2919:
2881:
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2639:
2590:
2292:
2112:
1602:
1243:
1223:
1218:
1110:
1100:
1048:
1038:
956:
791:
711:
606:
302:
282:
3123:(International Publishers: New York, 1967) p. 38 and also "Capital" as contained in the
2047:
1028:
508:, i.e. the object is useful not just to the producer but has a use for others generally.
4584:
4254:
4078:
3950:
3890:
3880:
3731:
3696:
3606:
3289:
2923:
2757:
2652:
2634:
2612:
2538:
2475:
2465:
2420:
2415:
2372:
2077:
1802:
1772:
1637:
1607:
1467:
1293:
1273:
1213:
961:
864:
826:
686:
357:
89:
4397:
3555:
2127:
267:
4184:
4136:
3978:
3945:
3885:
3850:
3746:
3681:
3621:
3529:
3492:
2676:
2605:
2565:
2543:
2272:
2257:
2237:
1827:
1747:
1672:
1482:
1413:
1387:
1339:
1268:
1248:
1120:
1083:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1016:
978:
921:
441:
387:
94:
64:
4447:
2067:
1972:
1907:
1857:
1722:
4645:
4625:
4442:
4422:
4372:
4331:
4259:
4179:
4156:
4083:
3968:
3930:
3786:
3756:
3463:
The concept of the commodity is explored at length by Marx in the following works:
2961:
2954:
2885:
2739:
2688:
2664:
2600:
2585:
2377:
2312:
2212:
2147:
2122:
2072:
2037:
1997:
1832:
1792:
1757:
1647:
1627:
1577:
1572:
1552:
1507:
1477:
1423:
1372:
1367:
1334:
1233:
1190:
1135:
1078:
681:
563:
401:
252:
3229:
Karl Marx, "A Contribution to the
Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
3216:
Karl Marx, "A Contribution to the
Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
3170:, (International Publishers: New York, 1967) p. 38 and "Capital" contained in the
3153:
Karl Marx, "A Contribution to the
Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
2850:(money is used to buy a commodity which is resold to obtain a larger sum of money)
2387:
4432:
4407:
4229:
3781:
3651:
3495:, "Commodities and Gifts: Why Commodities Represent More than Market Relations".
3305:
3042:
2732:
2617:
2508:
2460:
2455:
2367:
2302:
2282:
2222:
2117:
2092:
2057:
2052:
2042:
2012:
1967:
1957:
1822:
1762:
1717:
1682:
1662:
1622:
1597:
1443:
1362:
1058:
988:
726:
307:
262:
4286:
3271:(International Publishers: New York, 1967) p. 39 and "Capital" contained in the
2027:
4524:
4483:
4392:
4382:
4341:
4073:
4038:
3855:
3716:
3691:
3686:
3676:
3646:
3284:
3062:
2984:
In capitalism, Marx argues, commodity values are commercially expressed as the
2908:
2880:
effects of universalised trade in commodities, involving a process Marx calls "
2622:
2450:
2352:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2182:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2102:
2082:
2022:
2017:
2002:
1987:
1977:
1897:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1777:
1752:
1742:
1737:
1712:
1702:
1677:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1557:
1238:
1170:
1125:
901:
746:
498:
332:
292:
2783:
The legally sanctioned assertion of private ownership rights to the commodity.
1877:
4660:
4615:
4478:
4351:
4214:
4033:
3935:
3925:
3830:
3005:
2974:
2769:
from the trade, by acting as intermediaries between producers and consumers.
2317:
2187:
2177:
2087:
1962:
1842:
1817:
1812:
1782:
1707:
1612:
1562:
1487:
1472:
1418:
1392:
1150:
931:
466:
257:
154:
4387:
3333:
Karl Marx, "Outlines of the
Critique of Political Capital" contained in the
3254:
Karl Marx, "Outlines of the
Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
3241:
Karl Marx, "Outlines of the
Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
3106:
Karl Marx, "Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
4503:
4493:
4151:
4093:
3900:
3865:
3761:
3550:
Privileged Goods: Commoditization and Its Impact on Environment and Society
3072:
2997:
2896:
2889:
2858:
2560:
2382:
2357:
2322:
2252:
2247:
2232:
2217:
2167:
2157:
2007:
1992:
1982:
1932:
1902:
1887:
1872:
1837:
1657:
1617:
1567:
1517:
1438:
1382:
535:
119:
3000:
process, i.e. how an increase in capital-value occurs through production.
4539:
4427:
4346:
4126:
4098:
3870:
3671:
3616:
2397:
2342:
2297:
2192:
2137:
2062:
1892:
1882:
1787:
1767:
1727:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1433:
1130:
1003:
691:
626:
547:
458:
277:
208:
114:
4544:
4508:
4377:
4108:
3988:
3656:
3020:
2821:
The seven basic forms of commodity trade can be summarised as follows:
2801:
The possibility of the owner to use or consume the commodity privately.
2392:
2202:
2032:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1807:
1732:
1692:
1687:
1527:
1327:
1302:
998:
621:
462:
194:
134:
129:
124:
16:
Something bought and sold as a result of labor value, in Marxist theory
2789:
The transferability of these private rights from one owner to another.
4635:
4529:
4336:
4209:
4199:
4023:
4013:
3940:
3231:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29, p. 270.
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3047:
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2518:
2498:
2327:
1952:
1547:
1502:
1312:
494:
445:
382:
247:
43:
2553:
2548:
2347:
1428:
3596:
1322:
571:
2950:
of any such commodity is reducible to four components equal to:
2765:, and the aim of merchants, bankers and renters becomes to gain
530:, product-values in an open market are regulated by the average
4166:
1317:
2683:
852:
Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
4488:
3188:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35,
2786:
The enforcement of these rights, so that ownership is secure.
2762:
474:
3450:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3433:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3403:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3386:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3369:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3352:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3335:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 28
3322:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3256:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 28
3243:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 28
3218:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29
3205:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3155:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29
3142:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3125:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
3108:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 28
2738:
Marx refers to this as "simple exchange" which implies what
4570:
An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
3998:
3491:
A useful commentary on the Marxian concept is provided in:
822:
An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
2907:
are allocated in a market economy depends mainly on their
2809:
resources, and guarantees about quality or safety of use.
2942:
of a capitalistically produced commodity (in contrast to
2798:
The imposition of exclusivity of access to the commodity.
642:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
554:
3585:
3245:(International Publishers: New York, 1986) pp. 167-168.
2911:, and this allocation is mediated by the "cash nexus".
2899:, and economics becomes a science aiming to understand
3297: : The Cuban Revolution Today" (12 March 1965)
4560:
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
2828:
C-M (an act of sale: a commodity is sold for money)
3507:
3220:(International Publishers: New York, 1987) p. 269.
3157:(International Publishers: New York, 1987) p. 270.
3140:, p. 36 and also in "Capital" as contained in the
4316:
3418:(International Publishers: New York, 1967) p. 56.
3110:(International Publishers: New York, 1986) p. 80.
4658:
4235:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
2933:
3469:Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy
480:
3448:, pp. 71â72 and "Capital" as contained in the
3431:, pp. 71â83 and "Capital" as contained in the
4302:
3571:
2708:
602:The Condition of the Working Class in England
421:
4550:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
2967:Incidental expenses which cost labour-time (
597:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
4565:Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
3534:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3401:, p. 150 and "Capital" as contained in the
3384:, p. 155 and "Capital" as contained in the
3367:, p. 147 and "Capital" as contained in the
3350:, p. 147 and "Capital" as contained in the
2816:
223:Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
4309:
4295:
3578:
3564:
3320:, p. 87 and "Capital" as contained in the
2715:
2701:
742:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
617:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
428:
414:
4195:The East wind prevails over the West wind
3483:Commodities â from the first chapter of
3203:, p. 36 and "Capital" contained in the
3186:, p. 35 and "Capital" contained in the
4659:
1523:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
4677:Marxian critique of political economy
4290:
3559:
3026:
2436:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
812:Change the World Without Taking Power
555:Historical origins of commodity trade
4464:Abstract labour and concrete labour
3586:Marxist phraseology and terminology
767:Marxism and the Oppression of Women
697:Theses on the Philosophy of History
13:
3542:
3504:political economy of communication
14:
4693:
3836:Commanding heights of the economy
3702:Primitive accumulation of capital
787:Time, Labor and Social Domination
228:Time, Labor and Social Domination
4250:Revolution is not a dinner party
4220:Whole-process people's democracy
2926:and thus augment their capital (
2682:
2670:
2658:
2494:21st-century communist theorists
837:Towards Socialism or Capitalism?
752:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
672:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
578:
42:
4590:Who cooked Adam Smith's dinner?
4147:Uneven and combined development
3662:Dictatorship of the proletariat
3438:
3421:
3408:
3391:
3374:
3357:
3340:
3327:
3310:
3277:
3261:
3248:
3235:
1196:Theory of historical trajectory
1074:Dictatorship of the proletariat
777:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
677:History and Class Consciousness
632:Critique of the Gotha Programme
4499:Socially necessary labour time
3916:Socially necessary labour time
3223:
3210:
3193:
3176:
3160:
3147:
3130:
3113:
3100:
994:Socially necessary labour time
892:Philosophy in the Soviet Union
782:The Sublime Object of Ideology
707:A Critique of Soviet Economics
532:socially necessary labour time
105:Socially necessary labour time
1:
4682:Critique of political economy
4469:Capitalist mode of production
4318:Critique of political economy
4276:People's Multiparty Democracy
3826:Capitalist mode of production
3811:Critique of political economy
3642:Capitalist mode of production
3458:
3283:A letter from Che Guevara to
2934:Cost structure of commodities
2916:capitalist mode of production
2853:M-C...P...-C'-M' (money buys
915:Critique of political economy
450:critique of political economy
378:Critique of political economy
217:Critique of Political Economy
80:Critique of political economy
60:Capitalist mode of production
4190:Continuous revolution theory
3911:Socialist mode of production
3767:Workers of the world, unite!
3742:Socialist mode of production
3707:Proletarian internationalism
3499:, Vol 68, # 1, Spring 2004.
952:Falling profit-rate tendency
732:The Society of the Spectacle
481:Characteristics of commodity
175:Falling profit-rate tendency
75:Concrete and abstract labour
7:
4575:Critique of Economic Reason
3906:Simple commodity production
3299:"Socialism and Man in Cuba"
3078:Simple commodity production
3035:
2944:simple commodity production
2744:simple commodity production
2426:Capitalism Nature Socialism
942:Concrete and abstract labor
832:Capital in the Anthropocene
757:Social Justice and the City
652:The Accumulation of Capital
10:
4698:
4175:Antagonistic contradiction
4122:Degenerated workers' state
2914:In Marx's analysis of the
702:Dialectic of Enlightenment
473:, among others. Value and
338:New School Economic Review
201:Economic and Philosophical
170:Technological unemployment
4598:
4517:
4456:
4365:
4324:
4268:
4165:
4107:
4019:People's democratic state
4004:General line of the party
3959:
3795:
3727:Revolutionary spontaneity
3591:
3478:Volume 1 Part 1 Chapter 1
847:Literature and Revolution
807:Late Victorian Holocausts
737:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
722:The Wretched of the Earth
4555:The Mirror of Production
4069:Socialism in one country
4029:Political rehabilitation
3508:Prodnik, Jernej (2012).
3094:
2969:faux frais of production
2946:), Marx claims that the
2817:Forms of commodity trade
797:The Origin of Capitalism
667:The State and Revolution
4621:Criticism of capitalism
4580:Discourse on Inequality
4245:Revolutionary base area
4205:MarxismâLeninismâMaoism
4117:Deformed workers' state
3896:Relations of production
3816:Accumulation of capital
3796:Sociology and economics
3612:Base and superstructure
3592:Philosophy and politics
3017:relations of production
2751:relations of production
1498:MarxismâLeninismâMaoism
1141:Relations of production
1024:Base and superstructure
877:Dialectical materialism
842:The Revolution Betrayed
662:Terrorism and Communism
657:Philosophical Notebooks
612:The Communist Manifesto
471:Karl Rodbertus-Jagetzow
100:Relations of production
4064:Socialist accumulation
3712:Proletarian revolution
3667:Historical materialism
3293:as "From Algiers, for
3068:Labour theory of value
2960:Fixed and circulating
2957:used up to produce it.
2441:Historical Materialism
1186:Proletarian revolution
1181:Primitive accumulation
1176:Historical determinism
552:
348:Historical Materialism
165:Historical materialism
4631:Economic anthropology
4357:Erik Johan Stagnelius
3984:Democratic centralism
3627:Bourgeois nationalism
3497:Science & Society
2677:Philosophy portal
2471:Science & Society
1089:Democratic centralism
947:Factors of production
817:Caliban and the Witch
762:Women, Race and Class
540:
528:labor theory of value
215:A Contribution to the
130:Wertabspaltungskritik
4641:Mainstream economics
4535:The Right to Be Lazy
4225:One Divides Into Two
4132:Permanent revolution
4089:Democracy in Marxism
4049:Revolutionary terror
3846:Commodity production
3831:Crisis of capitalism
3737:Scientific socialism
3632:Bourgeois revolution
3088:Value-form (Marxism)
3058:Commodity production
2994:capital accumulation
2986:prices of production
2928:capital accumulation
2689:Socialism portal
2665:Communism portal
2534:History of communism
2529:Economic determinism
2514:Criticism of Marxism
2504:Creative destruction
1264:Marxism and religion
984:Scientific socialism
887:Philosophy of nature
772:Imagined Communities
637:Dialectics of Nature
4611:Classical economics
4606:Assume a can opener
4438:Claus Peter Ortlieb
4413:Hans-Georg Backhaus
4142:Transitional demand
4009:National liberation
3994:Enemy of the people
3876:Means of production
3637:Bourgeois socialism
3622:Bourgeois democracy
3053:Commodity fetishism
2938:In considering the
2922:, i.e., they yield
2882:commodity fetishism
2855:means of production
2421:Capital & Class
1101:False consciousness
1049:Commodity fetishism
1039:Class consciousness
957:Means of production
792:The Age of Extremes
712:The Long Revolution
647:What Is to Be Done?
607:The German Ideology
521:monetary expression
358:Capital & Class
343:Crisis and Critique
303:Hans-Georg Backhaus
283:Claus Peter Ortlieb
203:Manuscripts of 1844
85:Means of production
33:Marxian critique of
4585:The Accursed Share
4255:Social imperialism
4079:Social imperialism
3951:Worker cooperative
3891:Production for use
3881:Mode of production
3732:Revolutionary wave
3697:Petite bourgeoisie
3607:Barracks communism
3552:. CRC Press, 1999.
3516:. pp. 274â301
3416:Capital: Volume II
3304:2021-02-13 at the
3027:Pseudo-commodities
2758:division of labour
2635:Worker cooperative
2613:Left-wing populism
2539:Left-wing politics
2476:Socialist Register
2466:Rethinking Marxism
1259:Literary criticism
962:Mode of production
827:Capitalist Realism
687:The Black Jacobins
519:Price is then the
353:Socialist register
90:Mode of production
4667:Marxian economics
4654:
4653:
4403:Neue Marx-LektĂŒre
4366:20thâ21st-century
4325:18thâ19th-century
4284:
4283:
4185:Capitalist roader
4137:Social revolution
3979:Central Committee
3886:Productive forces
3851:Dominant ideology
3747:Super-imperialism
3682:Lumpenproletariat
3493:Costas Lapavitsas
3429:Capital: Volume I
3399:Capital: Volume I
3382:Capital: Volume I
3365:Capital: Volume I
3348:Capital: Volume I
3318:Capital: Volume I
3269:Capital: Volume I
3201:Capital: Volume I
3184:Capital: Volume I
3168:Capital: Volume I
3138:Capital: Volume I
3121:Capital: Volume I
2964:used up per unit.
2725:
2724:
2566:Political ecology
2544:Marxian economics
1483:Council communism
1451:
1450:
1378:Neue Marx-LektĂŒre
1340:Regulation school
1229:Cultural analysis
1121:Lumpenproletariat
1064:Cultural hegemony
1054:Communist society
1044:Classless society
979:Productive forces
717:Guerrilla Warfare
590:Theoretical works
526:According to the
442:political economy
438:
437:
388:Marxist sociology
313:Hans-JĂŒrgen Krahl
95:Productive forces
35:political economy
4689:
4626:Critique of work
4443:Georges Bataille
4423:Michael Heinrich
4373:Jean Baudrillard
4332:Friedrich Engels
4311:
4304:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4260:Struggle session
4180:Anti-revisionism
4157:World revolution
4084:Soviet democracy
3969:Anti-revisionism
3961:MarxistâLeninist
3931:Subject of labor
3861:Free association
3804:
3787:World revolution
3777:Workers' control
3772:Workers' council
3757:Two-stage theory
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2955:Variable capital
2901:market behaviour
2886:social relations
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2756:However, as the
2740:Frederick Engels
2717:
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2640:Workers' council
2461:Race & Class
1368:Frankfurt School
1335:Neo-Gramscianism
1308:MarxismâLeninism
1290:
1289:
1234:Cultural Studies
1191:World revolution
1136:Private property
682:Prison Notebooks
582:
559:
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506:social use value
430:
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402:Socialism portal
253:Friedrich Engels
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4408:Helmut Reichelt
4398:Ătienne Balibar
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3782:World communism
3652:Commodification
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3548:Jack P. Manno,
3545:
3543:Further reading
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3306:Wayback Machine
3287:, published at
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989:Surplus product
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4074:Social fascism
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4059:Self-criticism
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3717:Pure communism
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3692:Metabolic rift
3689:
3687:Means of labor
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3677:Liquidationism
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587:
584:
583:
575:
574:
568:
567:
556:
553:
544:
517:
516:
513:exchange value
509:
502:
499:exchange value
482:
479:
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
418:
410:
407:
406:
405:
404:
396:
395:
391:
390:
385:
380:
374:
373:
371:Related topics
370:
369:
366:
365:
361:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
333:Monthly Review
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
305:
296:
295:
293:Moishe Postone
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
231:
230:
225:
220:
213:
211:
206:
199:
197:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4694:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4647:
4646:Occam's razor
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4616:Chrematistics
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:Written works
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:Chrematistics
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Paul Lafargue
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:New Democracy
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Popular front
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Surplus value
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Social murder
3924:
3922:
3921:Socialization
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3590:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3006:value product
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2975:Surplus value
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2890:supply chains
2887:
2884:", mean that
2883:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Revolutionary
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Authoritarian
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Moufawad-Paul
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Eurocommunism
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Austromarxism
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Communization
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:Praxis School
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1151:Working class
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
932:Crisis theory
930:
927:
923:
920:
919:
916:
911:
910:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
866:
861:
860:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
591:
586:
585:
581:
577:
576:
573:
570:
569:
565:
561:
560:
549:
543:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:
486:
478:
476:
472:
468:
467:David Ricardo
464:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:In classical
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
411:
409:
408:
403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
368:
367:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
323:
322:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
294:
291:
289:
288:Geoff Pilling
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:Paul Lafargue
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
238:
237:
229:
226:
224:
221:
218:
212:
210:
207:
204:
198:
196:
193:
192:
185:
184:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
155:Crisis theory
153:
152:
145:
144:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
110:Socialization
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4504:Valorisation
4494:Law of value
4473:
4230:People's war
4152:United front
4094:United front
3901:Ruling class
3866:Law of value
3840:
3762:Wage slavery
3752:Theoretician
3549:
3518:. Retrieved
3513:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3475:
3468:
3462:
3452:, pp. 81â82.
3449:
3445:
3440:
3435:, pp. 81â94.
3432:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3294:
3288:
3279:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3073:Law of value
3030:
3010:
3002:
2998:valorisation
2989:
2983:
2980:
2947:
2939:
2937:
2913:
2900:
2897:law of value
2894:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2859:labour power
2820:
2811:
2807:
2771:
2766:
2755:
2748:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2561:Municipalism
2373:Bhattacharya
1518:Situationist
1493:Instrumental
1146:State theory
1111:Immiseration
1106:Human nature
1096:Exploitation
936:
926:accumulation
541:
536:law of value
525:
520:
518:
512:
505:
484:
453:
439:
297:
120:Wage slavery
69:
4540:Das Kapital
4428:Mark Fisher
4418:Robert Kurz
4347:John Ruskin
4240:Revisionism
4127:French Turn
4099:Vanguardism
4054:Secretariat
4044:Revisionism
3871:Materialism
3722:Revisionism
3672:Imperialism
3617:Bourgeoisie
3485:Das Capital
3476:Das Kapital
3444:Karl Marx,
3427:Karl Marx,
3414:Karl Marx,
3397:Karl Marx,
3380:Karl Marx,
3363:Karl Marx,
3346:Karl Marx,
3316:Karl Marx,
3267:Karl Marx,
3199:Karl Marx,
3182:Karl Marx,
3166:Karl Marx,
3136:Karl Marx,
3119:Karl Marx,
2524:Communalism
1923:Wallerstein
1513:Revisionist
1244:Film theory
1224:Criminology
1219:Archaeology
1131:Proletariat
1116:Imperialism
1029:Bourgeoisie
1004:Wage labour
897:Reification
692:On Practice
548:Che Guevara
459:labor-power
278:Mark Fisher
273:Robert Kurz
209:Das Kapital
160:Imperialism
115:Wage labour
4661:Categories
4545:Grundrisse
4509:Value-form
4388:André Gorz
4378:Guy Debord
4109:Trotskyist
3989:Dual power
3657:Dialectics
3459:References
3021:work ethic
3013:reproduces
2905:use-values
2871:production
2867:in between
2581:Democratic
2446:Mediations
2058:Przeworski
1998:Poulantzas
1848:Sivanandan
1803:Bettelheim
1703:Horkheimer
1698:MariĂĄtegui
1673:Pashukanis
1598:Liebknecht
1528:Wertkritik
1468:Analytical
1328:Trotskyism
1303:Autonomist
1294:Structural
1274:Philosophy
1214:Aesthetics
999:Value-form
967:Capitalist
872:Alienation
865:Philosophy
622:Grundrisse
511:It has an
463:Adam Smith
195:Grundrisse
135:Value-form
125:Wertkritik
4636:Economics
4530:Sarvodaya
4474:Commodity
4337:Karl Marx
4210:Mass line
4200:Four Olds
4024:Politburo
4014:New class
3941:Use value
3841:Commodity
3405:, p. 161.
3388:, p. 166.
3371:. p. 159.
3354:, p. 159.
3337:, p. 102.
3258:, p. 148.
3083:Use value
3048:Commodity
2977:per unit.
2940:unit cost
2733:surpluses
2628:Economism
2591:Reformist
2571:Socialism
2519:Communism
2499:Anarchism
2353:Coulthard
2278:McDonnell
2238:Screpanti
2148:Rowbotham
2013:Harnecker
1823:Althusser
1763:Deutscher
1603:Kollontai
1593:Luxemburg
1573:Plekhanov
1503:Nkrumaism
1414:Classical
1388:Political
1313:Guevarism
1269:Sociology
1249:Geography
1069:Democracy
1017:Sociology
972:Socialist
937:Commodity
495:use value
454:commodity
446:Karl Marx
383:Economics
248:Karl Marx
70:Commodity
4457:Concepts
3530:cite web
3520:30 March
3506:, e.g.:
3324:, p. 98.
3302:Archived
3207:, p. 46.
3144:, p. 46.
3127:, p. 48.
3036:See also
2878:reifying
2554:Old Left
2549:New Left
2416:Antipode
2410:Journals
2313:Heinrich
2288:Roediger
2283:Douzinas
2273:Hennessy
2228:Holloway
2143:Hartsock
2133:Eagleton
2118:Federici
2093:Bannerji
2068:Therborn
2048:RanciĂšre
2043:Easthope
2023:Anderson
2018:Altvater
1918:O'Connor
1913:MĂ©szĂĄros
1908:Guattari
1863:Thompson
1853:Miliband
1833:Williams
1818:Hobsbawm
1793:Emmanuel
1773:Beauvoir
1738:Lefebvre
1683:Benjamin
1648:Bukharin
1628:Zinoviev
1623:Grossman
1608:Bogdanov
1583:Connolly
1563:Lafargue
1508:Orthodox
1478:Centrist
1429:Leninism
1424:Feminist
1373:Humanist
1354:Hegelian
882:Ideology
564:a series
562:Part of
545:â
326:Journals
53:Concepts
24:a series
22:Part of
4599:Related
3821:Capital
3801:Marxian
3597:Marxist
3446:Capital
2920:capital
2742:calls "
2653:Outline
2606:Utopian
2383:Srnicek
2368:Toscano
2363:Seymour
2318:Prashad
2268:Sankara
2263:Berardi
2248:Hampton
2223:Burawoy
2193:Panitch
2188:Haraway
2178:Cleaver
2163:Brenner
2128:Balibar
2083:Postone
2073:Losurdo
2003:Vattimo
1973:Gonzalo
1968:Jameson
1958:Parenti
1898:Liebman
1893:Guevara
1783:Nkrumah
1778:Sombart
1753:Padmore
1723:Kalecki
1718:Marcuse
1678:Bordiga
1663:Gramsci
1618:Trotsky
1578:Du Bois
1568:Kautsky
1444:Western
1323:Titoism
1208:Aspects
1164:History
1084:Radical
922:Capital
627:Capital
572:Marxism
497:and an
489:It has
65:Capital
4167:Maoist
3295:Marcha
3290:Marcha
3190:p. 45.
2924:profit
2847:M-C-M'
2839:C-M-C'
2767:income
2601:Social
2586:Market
2388:Horvat
2343:Fisher
2338:Linera
2333:Lordon
2323:Kelley
2308:Marcos
2303:Ghandy
2293:Foster
2218:Fraser
2213:Wright
2203:Jessop
2198:Clarke
2183:Bishop
2173:Massey
2153:Mouffe
2103:Newton
2098:Spivak
2088:Rodney
2053:Berman
2008:Badiou
1988:Laclau
1983:Harvey
1978:Dussel
1938:Debord
1933:Tronti
1903:Heller
1888:Castro
1883:Berger
1868:Bauman
1858:Cabral
1843:Mandel
1838:Freire
1828:Hinton
1808:Draper
1788:Sweezy
1758:Sartre
1748:Adorno
1713:Brecht
1668:Galiev
1643:Korsch
1638:LukĂĄcs
1613:Stalin
1558:Morris
1553:Engels
1541:People
1318:Maoism
1239:Ethics
1079:Soviet
802:Empire
469:, and
241:People
148:Topics
26:on the
4489:Illth
4269:Other
3974:Cadre
3946:Value
3095:Notes
2948:value
2763:money
2398:Saito
2393:Hamza
2258:ĆœiĆŸek
2243:TamĂĄs
2208:Davis
2168:Davis
2158:Geras
2123:Wolff
2108:Sakai
2063:Cohen
2038:Sison
2033:Vogel
1993:Bahro
1963:Negri
1953:Nairn
1878:Kosik
1873:Fanon
1813:Jones
1768:Hoxha
1743:James
1728:Fromm
1658:Serge
1633:Bloch
1588:Lenin
1409:Black
1034:Class
491:value
475:price
298:NML:
188:Works
3999:Foco
3536:link
3522:2013
2876:The
2857:and
2358:Malm
2328:Dean
2298:West
2253:Cano
2233:Rose
2138:Kurz
2113:Wood
2078:Ture
2028:Löwy
1948:Hall
1943:Amin
1928:Mies
1798:Hill
1708:Dutt
1693:Basu
1548:Marx
1439:Post
1401:Both
1383:Open
452:, a
2990:and
2930:).
1733:Cox
1688:Mao
1434:Neo
448:'s
4663::
3532:}}
3528:{{
3512:.
2971:).
2348:Li
1653:Ho
566:on
538:.
465:,
4310:e
4303:t
4296:v
3803:)
3799:(
3599:)
3595:(
3579:e
3572:t
3565:v
3538:)
3524:.
2716:e
2709:t
2702:v
928:)
924:(
501:.
429:e
422:t
415:v
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