Commissioner of baseball

1289:, who followed Ueberroth's successor in the commissioner's office, laid the crippling labor problems of the early 1990s directly at the feet of Ueberroth and the owners' collusion, holding that the collusion years constituted theft from the players. Under Ueberroth, Major League Baseball enjoyed increased attendance (record attendance four straight seasons), greater awareness of crowd control and alcohol management within ballparks, a successful and vigilant anti-drug campaign, significant industry-wide improvement in the area of fair employment, and a significantly improved financial picture for the industry through greater advertisement. When Ueberroth took office, 21 of the 26 clubs were losing money; in Ueberroth's last full season – 546: 1112:, as greeters and autograph signers. These bans were highly controversial at the time since both players were retired and both in no way involved in baseball at the time, and because neither player's duties were related in any way to sports betting, which was still illegal at the time in New Jersey in any case, let alone betting on baseball. Nevertheless, Kuhn stood firm and opined that a casino was "no place for a baseball hero and Hall of Famer." The bans took place prior to the Hall formalizing its policy against inducting banned persons, and the Hall took no action as a result of Kuhn's decision. Both players were re-instated by Kuhn's successor in 1985. 392:

competitions. His position was that the championship of each minor league was of no less importance than the championships of the major leagues and that minor league fans and supporters had the right to see their teams competing as best they could. On the other hand, the decisive factor resulting in the eventual entrenchment of the modern farm system was not Landis' demise but rather the growing presence of MLB on television, which caused attendances in the minor leagues to collapse and left these clubs in a precarious financial position that would have made Landis' position untenable in any case.

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came back to tell them they can't play the national pastime? You know, Branch, I'm going to have to meet my Maker some day. And if He asks me why I didn't let this boy play, and I say it's because he's black, that might not be a satisfactory answer. If the Lord made some people black, and some white, and some red or yellow, he must have had a pretty good reason. It isn't my job to decide which colors can play big league baseball. It is my job to see that the game is fairly played and that everybody has an equal chance. I think if I do that, I can face my Maker with a clear conscience.

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2022), a three-batter minimum for relief pitchers, using an automatic runner (often referred to by fans and the media as a "ghost runner" or "Manfred man") at second base to start each extra inning, and shortening double headers to two seven-inning games rather than nine innings each. In 2023, further rule changes saw limits placed on defensive shifting, enlarging the bases from 15 inches to 18 inches, and the adoption of a pitch clock, requiring pitchers to throw a pitch no later than every 15 seconds with bases empty and 20 seconds with runners on base.

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notably, he uncompromisingly held to a policy that dictated any minor league player who knowingly played with or against a player banned by Major League Baseball would himself be banned from MLB for life. This threat effectively compelled every minor league to rigidly honor and enforce suspensions handed down by Landis in their competitions as well. Nevertheless, some players banned by Landis are believed to have continued playing under assumed identities at the minor league or semi-professional level.

5162: 226: 2134: 38: 3902: 239:, an ardent baseball fan, to serve as the reformed commission's chairman. Landis responded by declaring that he would only accept an appointment as sole commissioner, with nearly unlimited authority to act in the "best interests of baseball" – in essence, serving as an arbitrator whose decisions could not be appealed. Finally, Landis insisted on a lifetime contract. The owners, still reeling from the perception that the sport was crooked, readily agreed. 3917: 688: 1643:). In an attempt to win support in the American League and balance the vote, Vincent decreed that the American League owners were entitled to only 22 percent of the $ 190 million take. This decision marked the first time in MLB's expansion history that leagues were required to share expansion revenue or provide players for another league's expansion draft. Vincent said the owners expanded to raise money to pay their 176:– perhaps the worst of a series of incidents in the late 1910s that jeopardized the integrity of the game of baseball. However, the desire to rebuild public relations was not the only motivation behind the creation of the commissioner's office. The scandal had not only tarnished the image of baseball, but it had brought relations between team owners and American League President Johnson to a boiling point. In particular, 2344: 256:

and does not promptly tell his club about it, will ever play professional baseball." Landis explained that even though the players had all been acquitted in court, there was no dispute that they had broken the rules of baseball. Therefore, he maintained that none of them could be allowed back in the game if its image was to be restored with the public. Among those banned were

334:. When several Giants were implicated in a plan to bribe players on the moribund Phillies late in the season, Johnson demanded that the Series be canceled, and loudly criticized Landis's handling of the affair, to which Landis responded by threatening to resign. The American League owners promised to throw Johnson out of office if he stepped out of line again. 620:'s retirement. The club owners initially were unable to decide if the next commissioner should come from within the ranks of the game as Frick had, or from elsewhere like Frick's two predecessors had. They finally decided that the new commissioner should have a strong business background to deal with the problems that were confronting the game at the time. 1035:, convinced that Kuhn knew about his drug abuse, was trying to sneak into his house, and planned to ban him from baseball for life. Porter found himself sitting up at night in the dark watching out the front window, waiting for Kuhn to approach, clutching billiard balls, and a shotgun. Ironically, when Porter was named the most valuable player of the 570:'s single-season home run record. In a press conference, Frick stated that the single-season home run record should be separated into multiple lists, based on the length of a season. (Frick has at times been credited with the saying that there should be an asterisk to differentiate between the two records, but this was actually first suggested by 1479:'s lifetime banishment from baseball for gambling; although the investigation that led to Rose's banishment began during Ueberroth's tenure and the banishment was levied by Giamatti, Vincent led the investigation and was directly involved in the negotiations. Vincent has consistently stated that he does not support Rose's reinstatement. 598:, a proposed third major league, he quietly encouraged the established Major League owners to offer franchises to several markets in which the proposed league planned to play through expansion and relocation. In doing so, he successfully caused the Continental League to fold without ever playing a game. 502:, which came amid allegations from Day's ex-husband that Durocher had stolen her away from him. Before the start of the 1947 season, Chandler suspended Durocher for the entire season, citing "conduct detrimental to baseball". The Dodgers went on to win the pennant that season under replacement manager 1265:, an illegal violation of the league's collective bargaining agreement with the players, during the 1985, 1986 and 1987 off-seasons. Players entering free-agency were prevented from both signing equitable contracts and joining the teams of their choice during this period, a strategy that union leader 407:

One of the schemes Landis vigorously fought was the effort by major-league teams to "cover up" players they were hiding in their farm systems. The term, not used in formal communications by the league or team officials, referred to players clandestinely signed by a major-league team to a minor-league

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The commissioner's authority to take "what preventive, remedial or punitive action is appropriate" to remedy actions "not in the best interests of baseball" comes from the contract signed by team owners. Baseball's first commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, insisted that the commissioner have this

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Whether his decisions were praised or criticized, he was satisfied with being respected and feared. Dubbed "the baseball tyrant" by journalists of the day, his rule was absolute. In the context of ensuring the integrity of the game itself, baseball historians generally regard him as the right man at

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to join their league. The National League also unveiled plans to put a twelfth team in Cleveland or Detroit. With the American League's status as a major league (and possibly its very existence) suddenly in jeopardy, the five American League owners loyal to Johnson sued for peace. Eventually, at the

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of IX (Violent). At approximately 5:35 p.m., after coming to the conclusion that the power could not be restored before sunset, Vincent ordered the World Series game 3 to be postponed. According to Vincent, he had already made the decision to postpone Game 3 without telling anybody first. As a

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that was tarnishing the reputation of players in the 1920s. Without a union to represent them, the players had no meaningful recourse to challenge Landis' virtually unchecked authority. On the other hand, Landis inserted his office into negotiations with players, where he deemed appropriate, to put

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I've already done a lot of thinking about this whole racial situation in our country. As a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee, I got to know a lot about our casualties during the war. Plenty of Negro boys were willing to go out and fight and die for this country. Is it right when they

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The owners had initially assumed that Landis would deal with the Black Sox Scandal and then settle into a comfortable retirement as the titular head of baseball. Instead, Landis ruled baseball with an iron hand for the next 25 years. He established a fiercely independent commissioner's office that

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for life. He famously declared, "Regardless of the verdict of juries, no player who throws a ballgame, no player that undertakes or promises to throw a ballgame, no player that sits in conference with a bunch of crooked players and gamblers where the ways and means of throwing a game are discussed

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was changed, with pitchers no longer having to throw four balls to walk the batter, instead signaling to the bench. In 2020, during the COVID-shortened 60 game season, Manfred instituted further changes: the universal designated hitter rule (which became a full-time rule in the National League in

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was elected as the 10th commissioner of baseball on August 14, 2014. Manfred, who has worked full-time for Major League Baseball since 1998, was elected on the third ballot after falling one vote short of the 23 vote (3/4 super-majority) threshold on the first two ballots. It was baseball's first

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in the 1940s. Furthermore, (and despite the fact that, insofar as he was accountable at all, it was strictly to major league owners) Landis did not hesitate to aggressively use the powers of his office to force the minor leagues and their clubs to submit to his authority in a number of ways. Most

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owner Bud Selig, whose family continued to maintain ownership over the Brewers. Fay Vincent was never able to complete the five-year term that he had inherited from Bart Giamatti. Vincent would later contend that Major League Baseball made a huge mistake by not appointing his deputy commissioner

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Selig continued as acting commissioner until July 8, 1998, when the owners officially appointed him to the commissioner position. Having been an owner for 30 years, Selig was seen as having closer ties to the MLB team owners than previous commissioners. Selig's administration had many perceived

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after the owners gave him an 18–9 no-confidence vote. The owners were still angry at Vincent over his intervention during the 1990 Spring Training lockout, which subsequently cancelled Spring Training that year and pushed the regular season back three days. The owners were also disappointed by

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Vincent worked with both the owners and the MLBPA and on March 19, 1990, Vincent was able to announce a new Basic Agreement (which raised the minimum major league salary from US$ 68,000 to $ 100,000 and established a six-man study committee on revenue sharing). As a consequence of the lockout,

2294:), behind Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who died in office after 24 years of service. Beginning in 2006, Selig repeatedly stated his intention to retire at the end of his contract in 2009. However, on 17 January 2008, it was announced that Selig accepted a 3-year extension through the 2012 season 391:

farm systems by innovators such as Rickey, in the name of protecting the lower levels of professional ball. Landis argued that because a parent club could unilaterally call up players from teams that were involved in pennant races, the organization was unfairly interfering with the minor

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was elected to succeed Bowie Kuhn on March 3, 1984, and took office on October 1 of that year. As a condition of his hiring, Ueberroth increased the commissioner's fining ability from US$ 5,000 to $ 250,000. His salary was raised to a reported $ 450,000, nearly twice what Kuhn was paid.

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to prevent implementation, which was granted two weeks later. After Vincent's attorneys appealed, oral arguments were scheduled for August 30 that year. Ultimately, Vincent resigned before the litigation was scheduled to resume, so as a result, the Cubs dropped their suit against him.

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In spite of his much-publicized failures and shortcomings, William Eckert also developed more effective committee actions, streamlined business methods, and helped stabilize franchises with bigger stadiums and long-term leases. In addition, Eckert worked hard toward promoting the game

264:, who have generally been viewed to be far less culpable compared to the other six accused. Landis' position was that he had no doubt that Weaver and Jackson at the very least knew about the fix, and failed to report it, and that this alone was grounds for permanent banishment. 1889:

called publicly for Selig to step down as commissioner, citing his "glacial response" to the "growing stain on baseball". Selig pledged on numerous occasions to rid baseball of performance-enhancing drugs, and oversaw and instituted many rule changes and penalties to that end.

1410:, who had assumed the position of deputy commissioner underneath and at the behest of his longtime friend Giamatti, became acting commissioner following Giamatti's death on September 1, 1989, and was quickly confirmed as the 8th Commissioner of Baseball. He presided over the 1622:

The three men were unaffected by Vincent's hyperbole, testified for Howe as promised, and remained active in baseball. Three months later, Vincent was removed from his job as commissioner. Later, an arbitrator overturned Vincent's suspension of Howe on November 11, 1992.

1743:(which ultimately cost the network $ 500 million) beginning in 1990 (Vincent's first full season as commissioner) and upwardly spiraling salaries. (It is also important to note that CBS itself contributed to decreasing ratings thanks to the haphazard scheduling of 1371:

Giamatti, whose tough dealing with Yale's union favorably impressed Major League Baseball owners, was unanimously elected to succeed Peter Ueberroth as commissioner on September 8, 1988, and assumed office on April 1, 1989. Giamatti was commissioner on August 24,

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for $ 3.5 million, Kuhn blocked the deals on the grounds that they would be bad for the game. Some believe that Kuhn's actions were simply a revenge tactic, aimed at Finley, after Finley attempted to force an owners vote to remove Kuhn as commissioner in

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of that money from the players. I mean, they rigged the signing of free agents. They got caught. They paid $ 280 million to the players. And I think that's polluted labor relations in baseball ever since it happened. I think it's the reason union chief

1885:, commissioned by Selig, concluded that the MLB commissioners, club officials, the Players Association, and the players all share "to some extent in the responsibility for the steroid era". Following the release of the Mitchell Report, Congressman 1635:, Vincent declared that the American League would receive US$ 42 million of the National League's $ 190 million in expansion revenue and that the American League would provide players in the National League expansion draft (involving the 1554:. Fehr believed that a salary cap could possibly restrict the number of choices that free agents could make and a pay-for-performance scale would eliminate multi-year contracts. The lockout, which was the seventh work stoppage in baseball since 1698:

would be forced to watch more games originating on the West Coast with later broadcast times (had the realignment included the use of a balanced schedule, the Cubs would have actually played more games against teams outside their division).

2320:' official troubles being off the field, and with the strength of the players' union, there is little Selig can do beyond appointing an investigating committee. Vincent said that Selig is largely "an observer of a forum beyond his reach". 1257:

rather than reimburse the leagues for lost night-game revenues. Ueberroth then found a new source of income in the form of persuading large corporations to pay for the privilege of having their products endorsed by Major League Baseball.

363:, said, "For twenty-four years Judge Landis wouldn't let a black man play. I had his records, and I read them, and for twenty-four years Landis consistently blocked any attempts to put blacks and whites together on a big league field." 1818:

To do the job without angering an owner is impossible. I can't make all twenty-eight of my bosses happy. People have told me I'm the last commissioner. If so, it's a sad thing. I hope they learn this lesson before too much damage is

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met with Chandler, who agreed to back the team's move. Chandler's stance was credited by many in the sports community with Chandler's failure to be selected for another term as commissioner after the expiration of his first one in

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an amnesty after it surfaced they had bet on a fixed game in 1919, Landis told the American League owners to choose between him and Johnson. The owners promptly sent Johnson on a sabbatical from which he never really returned.

898:, which was language in contracts that essentially prevented a player from playing with another team even after his contract expired. In response, Flood filed a lawsuit against Kuhn and Major League Baseball on January 16, 927:, asserted that the reserve clause was depressing wages, and it limited players to one team for life. Major League Baseball's counsel countered that Commissioner Kuhn acted under the way he did "for the good of the game". 2210:

Tensions between commissioners and the baseball team owners who elected them, exacerbated by baseball's chronic labor conflicts with the Major League Baseball Players Association beginning in the 1970s, came to a head in

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at the age of 51. Giamatti died just eight days after banishing Rose and 154 days into his tenure as MLB commissioner. He became the second baseball commissioner to die in office, the first being Kenesaw Mountain Landis.

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when Pete Rose voluntarily agreed to permanent ineligibility from baseball. As reflected in the agreement with Pete Rose, Giamatti was determined to maintain the integrity of the game during his brief commissionership.

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Chandler was fully aware that he was jeopardizing his own commissionership by stewarding the integration process. Chandler's attitude was a simple one, which he conveyed to Branch Rickey, and later recounted in his

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even though he had been acquitted of involvement in a car theft ring. Nonetheless, Landis was convinced Kauff was guilty and argued that players of "undesirable reputation and character" had no place in baseball.

1336:. During his stint as National League president, Giamatti placed an emphasis on the need to improve the environment for the fans and players in the ballparks. He also decided to make umpires strictly enforce the 2331:

on Baseball Economics, it was found that the luxury tax was failing to correct the competitive balance of the league and several steps were needed to correct the current state of revenue-generating and sharing.

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in 2006. Selig also introduced revenue sharing. He is credited for the financial turnaround of baseball during his tenure with a 400 percent increase in the revenue of MLB and annual record breaking attendance.

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Over the years, he dealt harshly with others proven to have thrown individual games, consorted with gamblers, or engaged in actions that he felt tarnished the image of the game. Among the others he banned were

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broadcasts during the regular season to the point that fans grew tired of tuning into no baseball on summer Saturdays.) They also accused him of acting in a high-handed manner, especially in the Howe affair.

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When he became commissioner, Eckert had not seen a game in person in over 10 years. He was a compromise choice for the job, previously being so obscure that sportswriters nicknamed him "the Unknown Soldier".

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Chandler became known as "the players' commissioner" for his work on their behalf. During his service, he presided over the establishment of a pension fund for players and oversaw the initial steps toward

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rule that was previously loosely enforced, and supported "social justice" as the only remedy for the lack of presence of minority managers, coaches, or executives at any level in Major League Baseball.

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in Commissioner Fay Vincent by a tally of 18–9. The owners had a number of grievances against Vincent, especially the perception that he had been too favorable to the players during the lockout of

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result, the umpires filed a formal protest against Vincent's decision. However, the game had to be postponed due to trouble with gas lines as well as the power issue resulting from the earthquake.

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in each league was officially known as the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Award in his honor until 2020, following complaints from past MVP winners about Landis's role in stonewalling racial integration.

2310:, by ballplayers in the late 1990s through 2009. Addressing the issue of whether Selig should have taken alternate actions, former commissioner Fay Vincent wrote in the April 24, 2006, issue of 157:. The agreement consisted of three members: the two League presidents and a Commission chairman, whose primary responsibilities were to preside at meetings and to mediate disputes. Although 1150:, Kuhn believed that "that afternoon ... the idea of a lifetime baseball pass was discussed", and upon their return from Iran, each of the 52 hostages was given one of these unique passes. 330:, who had been reckoned as the most powerful man in the game before Landis's arrival. Johnson was as strong-willed as Landis, and a clash between the two was inevitable. It happened in the 5763: 4591: 1434:

in his first year. Before accepting the job as Commissioner of Baseball, Vincent consulted with Bart Giamatti's widow, Toni, to make sure she thought it was appropriate for him to do so.

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Nonetheless, following the announcement of the first of three large awards to the players following the collusion findings, Ueberroth stepped down as commissioner before the start of the

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succeeded Happy Chandler as commissioner of baseball. Frick's critics accused him of favoring the National League in his rulings, such as how the 1960s expansion teams would be stocked.

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and having no ownership confidence in his ability to handle the situation, Eckert was forced to resign at the end of the 1968 season, although he still had three years on his contract.

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served as the Executive Council Chairman from 1992 to 1998, acting as the commissioner, and then was appointed as the official commissioner in 1998. Selig oversaw baseball through the

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Kuhn suspended numerous players for involvement with drugs and gambling, and took a strong stance against any activity that he perceived to be "not in the best interests of baseball".

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to the Athletics, who wound up winning the World Series in a four-game sweep, Vincent controversially summed up the 1989 World Series as a "remarkable World Series in many respects".

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for a World Series game during the daytime hours would not have approached such a record number. Kuhn's vision in this instance has been fulfilled, as all the World Series games

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claimed Landis prevented him from purchasing the Phillies when Landis learned of Veeck's plan to integrate the team. The signing of the first black ballplayer in the modern era,

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Another challenge facing the Office of the Commissioner is competitive imbalance and struggling attendance in small markets. In 2010, just two teams (the Boston Red Sox and the

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against the players. Vincent put it this way: "The Union basically doesn't trust the Ownership because collusion was a $ 280 million theft by Selig and Chicago White Sox owner

145:

The title "commissioner", which is a title that is now applied to the heads of several other major sports leagues as well as baseball, derives from its predecessor office, the

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with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. This move was controversial with team owners, who voted 15–1 against integrating the sport in a secret January 1947 meeting. The Dodgers'

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had been thrown to Herrmann's Reds. Meanwhile, the Commission came under pressure to remove Herrmann from his post due to anti-German sentiment following U.S. entry into

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an end to a few of the more egregious labor practices that had contributed to the players' discontent. He also personally approved broadcasters for the World Series.

4868: 580:). However, as MLB did not publish an official record book at the time, Frick had no control over how publishers presented MLB records, and within a few years after 954:

Though he had a reputation as an owners' commissioner, Kuhn did not avoid confronting owners when he deemed it necessary. For example, he was a major adversary of

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You have effectively resigned from baseball by agreeing to appear at that hearing.... you should have left your conscience and your principles outside the door.

4716: 251:. Following a trial, the eight players suspected of involvement in the fix were acquitted. Nevertheless, immediately following the players' acquittal, Landis 4993: 4700: 3700: 2912: 1562:

Opening Day for the 1990 season was moved back a week to April 9, and the season was extended by three days to accommodate for the normal 162-game schedule.

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would go on to often make both players and owners miserable with decisions that he argued were in the best interests of the game. He worked to clean up the

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after Winfield had sued Steinbrenner for failing to pay his foundation the $ 300,000 guaranteed in his contract. Steinbrenner was eventually reinstated in

1249:, Ueberroth's first full year in office, the League Championship Series expanded from a best-of-five series to a best-of-seven series. At his urging, the 1203:

were over. The next summer, Ueberroth worked behind the scenes to limit a players' strike to one day before a new labor agreement was worked out with the

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At the end of the 1920 season, the National League, whose owners had never been on good terms with Johnson, agreed to invite the White Sox along with the

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

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fans. Flood forfeited a relatively lucrative US$ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 830,853 in 2023) contract by his refusal to be traded to the Phillies.

3575: 3450: 1166:, Kuhn and his supporters made a last-ditch effort to renew his contract, but they ultimately failed. Kuhn, though, was allowed to stay for the 4576: 4570: 4540: 4395: 2178:

While these changes have been polarizing, further criticism has been levied against Manfred for his seemingly "lackluster" punishments for the

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as "detrimental to baseball" and demanded that Bouton retract it. The book has been republished several times and is now considered a classic.

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was piqued and incensed at what he perceived to be the indifference of the Commission members (especially Johnson) to his suspicions that the

5448: 5221: 4651: 4629: 4436: 2167:, who they felt would take a tougher stance against the players in labor negotiations. Manfred took over from Bud Selig on January 25, 2015. 416:

All the clubowners and managers, and Commissioner Landis, were assembled to conduct the draft. One team representative said he "claim Player

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Many thought this plan would be beneficial to the league as a whole, especially by building a regional rivalry between the new franchise in

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operation, and later suspended McLain for the rest of the season for carrying a gun. Among his more controversial decisions was to bar both

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contract. Occasionally one team would serendipitously find such a player in the off-season draft, as in this occasion recorded in the book

2892: 1221:, who had been banned from working for Major League Baseball by Kuhn because of their associations with gambling casinos. Also, Ueberroth 4920: 3791: 3360: 1546:

In February 1990, owners announced that spring training would not be starting as scheduled. This occurred after MLBPA Executive Director

644:, by a unanimous vote of the then, 20 major league club owners, William Eckert became the fourth commissioner of Major League Baseball. 5099: 4624: 3078: 3035: 2505: 1687:

warned Vincent that realigning without league approval would be a gross violation of the National League Constitution enacted in 1876.

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However, Flood refused to report to the moribund Phillies, citing the team's poor record and the fact that they played in dilapidated

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season, officially yielding to his successor on January 25, 2015, at which time Selig became the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball.

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The World Series ultimately resumed after a ten-day postponement (and some initial conflict between Vincent and San Francisco mayor

5741: 5490: 5453: 4607: 2264: 2187: 1869:, and the merging of the National and American leagues under the Office of the Commissioner. He was instrumental in organizing the 1862: 1365: 1269:

later held was "tantamount to fixing, not just games, but entire pennant races, including all post-season series". The MLBPA filed

942: 663:, while also incurring team owners' disdain because he refused to deal forcefully with substantive business issues. Anticipating a 140: 2877:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

5674: 5669: 5158: 4971: 4561: 4373: 4353: 3682: 2806: 2699: 1718:, albeit in the form of three divisions in each league (east, central and west) and the addition of an expanded playoff format. 5136: 3129: 1745: 2286:, Bud Selig surpassed Bowie Kuhn as the second longest-serving commissioner (including his time as "acting commissioner" from 2247:

acting commissioner (among the potential candidates for a permanent commissioner discussed in the media were future President

165:

served as Commission chairman and as such was the nominal head of major league baseball, it was the American League President

149:, the ruling body of professional baseball starting with the National Agreement of 1903, which created unity between both the 5512: 4771: 4766: 4746: 4619: 4581: 3331: 1736: 1461: 1230: 454: 906:

laws. Even though Flood was making $ 90,000 (equivalent to $ 747,768 in 2023) at the time, he likened the reserve clause to

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had a lifelong interest in baseball (he was a die-hard Boston Red Sox fan). He became President of the National League in

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telecast (as opposed to a mid-afternoon broadcast, when most fans either worked or attended school), pitched the idea to

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After being in office for over ten years, Kuhn had grown a strong reputation for being particularly hard on players who

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seasons. The MLBPA won each case, resulting in "second look" free agents, and over $ 280 million in owner fines.

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meetings, he was elected by a unanimous vote of the team owners, and resigned his Senate seat in October of that year.

115:". Under the direction of the commissioner, the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball hires and maintains the sport's 5326: 5111: 4841: 4798: 3973: 2682: 2440:"1920 Winter Meetings: The Year that Rocked Baseball and Changed it Forever – Society for American Baseball Research" 2405: 2122: 1979: 1446: 806:

held a night game for the first time. Kuhn, who thought that baseball could attract a larger audience by featuring a

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This article is about the Major League Baseball commissioner. For the Nippon Professional Baseball commissioner, see

3207: 3186: 2520: 371:, came less than a year after Landis's death on Chandler's watch and was engineered by one of Landis's old nemeses, 4463: 4330: 2729: 1528:, who felt that the World Series ought to have been delayed much longer) on October 27, 1989. While presenting the 1502: 1297:, for example, baseball as an industry showed a net profit of $ 21.3 million, its first profitable year since 3399: 5647: 5595: 5033: 4586: 4383: 4363: 3784: 2362: 1353: 676: 480: 212:, a compromise was reached in late 1920 to reform the National Commission with a membership of non-baseball men. 3532:"MLB lockout ends: What's next for baseball as MLBPA, owners reach agreement and get ready for 2022 Opening Day" 566:

Frick's most well-known statement as commissioner was made in 1961 when several players were on a pace to break

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promotion. Neither was directly involved in gambling, moreover the casinos they worked for did not even offer

5789: 5166: 3477: 2484: 2327:) sold out every game and many teams failed to draw 2 million fans. In the Office of the Commissioner's 1506: 1222: 289: 277: 1308:; his contract was to have run through the end of the season. He was succeeded by National League president 1199:

the postseason. Ueberroth managed to arbitrate the disagreement and had the umpires back to work before the

4668: 3754: 2884: 2864: 2059: 1703: 811: 235:

Having agreed to appoint only non-baseball men to the National Commission, the owners tapped federal judge

146: 59: 3156: 584:

broke Ruth's record, all record books gave Maris sole credit as the single-season home run record holder.

545: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5440: 4523: 4441: 3505:"Braves to host 2025 MLB All-Star Game in Atlanta after losing 2021 festivities over Georgia voting laws" 2303: 1513: 1457: 1415: 3600: 2582: 1714:

Although Vincent's vision never really came into fruition, Major League Baseball did in fact realign in

5542: 5524: 5265: 4476: 4109: 3777: 3010: 1938: 1684: 1614:, and Jack Lawn) agreed to testify on Howe's behalf, and threatened them with expulsion from the game: 1438: 1200: 150: 3701:"The Optimal Level of Nearly Nothing is Zero: The Case of Competitive Imbalance in Pro Sports Leagues" 3634: 1949:

into a common pool for American and National League games, instead of having separate pools per league

326:

Landis's only significant rival in the early years was longtime American League founder and president

5703: 5463: 4300: 2107: 1109: 577: 172:

The event that would eventually lead to the appointment of a single commissioner of baseball was the

127:. The commissioner is chosen by a vote of the owners of the teams. The incumbent MLB commissioner is 5590: 5407: 5713: 5060: 5048: 5014: 4934: 4825: 4095: 3800: 2252: 2007: 1655:

Just prior to leaving office, Vincent had plans to realign the National League. Vincent wanted the

1517: 1456:

During his commissionership, Vincent made it known and very clear (e.g. while being interviewed by

1051: 873: 417: 5001: 3557:

Tracy Ringolsby (1995-08-17). "Does baseball need a commissioner with a background in the game?".

4156: 4029: 3812: 2357: 2216: 2031: 1945:

offices and presidencies under the direct auspices of Major League Baseball and inclusion of all

1273:, arguing that Ueberroth and team owners had violated the collective bargaining agreement in the 1262: 1055: 853: 616:

More than 150 names appeared on the original list of nominees for the commissionership following

273: 236: 229: 69: 2417: 655:

season, Eckert incurred the public's ire by refusing to cancel exhibition games after the April

5615: 5421: 5416: 5075: 4863: 4751: 4320: 4305: 4288: 2875: 2855: 2558: 1985: 1870: 1510: 1125: 1090: 771: 2393: 5746: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5366: 5281: 5254: 5245: 5018: 4776: 4756: 4741: 4508: 4310: 4141: 3963: 2610: 2324: 2103: 1833: 1603: 1395: 1344:

While still serving as National League president, Giamatti suspended Cincinnati Reds manager

1211: 910:. It was certainly a controversial analogy, even among those who opposed the reserve clause. 861: 450: 388: 281: 108: 104: 3086: 3039: 672: 5500: 5396: 5306: 5301: 4761: 4222: 4202: 4194: 4146: 4118: 4067: 3991: 3860: 3748: 2636: 2260: 1972: 1961: 1920: 1668: 1664: 1387: 1329: 1309: 1178: 1158:

Kuhn was both praised and attacked for the firm stand that he levied against offenders. In

400: 269: 261: 3114: 395:

Moreover, Landis prevented the formation of a powerful third major league when he stopped

8: 5751: 5723: 5718: 5708: 5426: 5317: 5292: 5087: 4683: 4258: 4212: 4184: 4042: 3769: 3739: 3559: 3427: 3060: 2439: 2087: 1808: 1694:

and the Atlanta Braves. The Cubs, however, opposed the move, suggesting that fans in the

1660: 1575: 1525: 1431: 1146: 880: 841: 742:

indefinitely (the suspension was later set at 3 months) due to McLain's involvement in a

572: 469: 356: 1671:. Part of the impetus for realignment was the geographically anomalous placement of the 1011:. Kuhn was quick to punish players who used drugs with heavy fines and big suspensions. 4815: 4731: 4678: 4673: 4496: 4179: 4080: 4052: 2670: 2372: 2312: 2256: 2224: 2156: 2035: 1878: 1644: 1325: 1270: 1047: 1012: 936:"to stand by things decided", ruled 5–3 in favor of Major League Baseball, upholding a 624: 595: 594:

Although Frick did not initially express strong opposition to the establishment of the

511: 112: 3679: 3421:

Madden, Bill; Thompson, Teri; O'keeffe, Michael; Vinton, Nathaniel (August 14, 2014).

2707: 1897:

Realignment of teams into three divisions per league, and the introduction of playoff

1195:

Just as Ueberroth was taking office the Major League Umpires Union was threatening to

89: 5519: 5386: 4726: 4283: 4263: 4174: 4085: 4037: 4019: 3999: 3916: 3723: 2780: 2678: 2499: 2401: 2328: 2307: 2268: 2240: 2148: 2011: 1946: 1829: 1824: 1804: 1777: 1767: 1755: 1695: 1494: 1488: 1469: 1465: 1442: 1411: 1036: 963: 959: 955: 819: 803: 331: 248: 185: 177: 173: 116: 5681: 5482: 5468: 5361: 5071: 4513: 4458: 4390: 4293: 4273: 4217: 4207: 4090: 4009: 3395: 2871: 2851: 2367: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2263:). While acting commissioner, Selig presided over Major League Baseball during the 2220: 2212: 2171: 2099: 2023: 1912: 1905: 1866: 1727: 1726:

His relationship with baseball's owners was always tenuous at best; he resigned in

1715: 1680: 1636: 1632: 1599: 1587: 1571: 1555: 1498: 1427: 1373: 1333: 1305: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1246: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1121: 1071: 1043: 1028: 1024: 1020: 996: 991: 987: 975: 937: 899: 837: 799: 779: 759: 751: 731: 717: 713: 652: 641: 556: 524: 488: 446:

the right time when appointed, but also as a man who perhaps held office too long.

424: 376: 335: 301: 200: 181: 606: 5458: 5391: 5260: 5104: 4810: 4545: 4315: 4248: 4169: 4057: 3982: 3920: 3852: 3686: 3655: 3423:"Rob Manfred elected MLB commissioner, baseball executive will replace Bud Selig" 2349: 2228: 2152: 1942: 1882: 1798: 1784: 1773: 1732: 1691: 1672: 1423: 1391: 1321: 1188: 1182: 1133: 1129: 1075: 924: 815: 775: 634: 515: 487:'s election to the post. Despite being the last candidate put forth in the April 368: 162: 158: 154: 2459: 1998:

calls (2008). Expanded to all calls (except balls and strikes) starting in 2014.

1848: 894:. Kuhn denied Flood's request to enter free agency, citing the propriety of the 5534: 5356: 5116: 5065: 4736: 4126: 4075: 4047: 4014: 4004: 3836: 3820: 2248: 2075: 2067: 1991: 1968: 1924: 1837: 1676: 1607: 1606:

for repeated drug offenses. Vincent was incensed when upper Yankee management (

1016: 962:. A major embarrassment for baseball resulted from Finley's actions during the 895: 767: 735: 712:, yet baseball enjoyed unprecedented attendance gains (from 23 million in 709: 630: 610: 484: 473: 360: 293: 205: 196: 3932: 3680:

MLB News, Videos, Scores, Standings, Stats, Teams, Players – FOX Sports on MSN

3478:"MLB commissioner Rob Manfred spit in the face of all baseball fans on Sunday" 2832:

Margolick, David (23 July 1990). "'Best Interests' Rule Limits Steinbrenner".

1453:

to the field, but Vincent intervened and no discipline was imposed upon West.

1108:

were banned in 1980 and 1983 respectively after they were hired by casinos in

986:

rallied to his defense. Kuhn in return forced Finley to reinstate Andrews. In

498:

over Durocher's association with gambling figures and his marriage to actress

5778: 5175: 5161: 5053: 4858: 4853: 4820: 4136: 4131: 2111: 2083: 2063: 2055: 2019: 1916: 1898: 1886: 1640: 1583: 1266: 1254: 1218: 1196: 1105: 1059: 983: 979: 932: 915: 831: 755: 701: 519: 396: 372: 285: 3258:"Selig unlikely to penalize Giants execs Assigning blame could be difficult" 2756: 2545: 974:

saying he was injured after the reserve infielder committed two consecutive

5336: 5277: 5189: 5080: 4446: 4338: 4164: 2302:

A prominent issue currently faced by Major League Baseball is the usage of

2183: 2079: 2027: 2003: 1953: 1901:

teams: one per league starting in 1994, and two per league starting in 2012

1893:

Bud Selig helped introduce the following changes to Major League Baseball:

1788: 1656: 1611: 1579: 1349: 1250: 967: 869: 849: 739: 664: 637: 503: 495: 343: 225: 1501:. At 5:04 p.m., just prior to Game 3 of the World Series between the 990:, when Finley attempted to sell several players to the Boston Red Sox and 5038: 5023: 4940: 4501: 4468: 4253: 3884: 3868: 3624: 2317: 2243:, was appointed chairman of baseball's Executive Council, making him the 2233: 2160: 2143: 2137: 2091: 2051: 2039: 2015: 1794: 1547: 1450: 1407: 1381: 1286: 1242: 1214: 1137: 1101: 1079: 857: 747: 588: 581: 499: 327: 319: 305: 257: 209: 189: 166: 128: 45: 2239:

Vincent resigned on September 7, 1992. Selig, the longtime owner of the

2133: 1261:

However, Ueberroth, with the assistance of the owners, also facilitated

890:

In a letter to Kuhn, Flood demanded that the commissioner declare him a

379:, Veeck became the first American League owner to break the color line. 37: 5092: 3844: 3828: 3283: 2164: 2071: 2047: 1707: 1551: 1357: 1083: 1039:

while playing for the Cardinals, Kuhn was on hand to congratulate him.

1008: 891: 865: 845: 807: 786: 743: 697: 691: 617: 560: 549: 364: 1960:

in the same season (2003, changed in 2017 to not have an influence on

633:

became a serious candidate for the commissionership only after fellow

5004:

top-level professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada

3876: 2170:

Manfred's tenure has seen numerous changes to the game. In 2017, the

1858: 1852: 1763: 1476: 1345: 1238: 1210:

During the course of his stint as commissioner, Ueberroth reinstated

1063: 971: 903: 791: 640:

gave Major League Baseball a recommendation for him. On November 17,

567: 297: 120: 3232: 1582:, a small-time gambler, $ 40,000 to dig up "dirt" on his outfielder 1162:, some of the owners organized a move to push him out of office. In 1140:

who would be elected U.S. Senator later that year from the state of

359:

and prolonged the segregation of organized baseball. His successor,

5377: 2043: 1995: 1361: 1032: 3004:"1985-1988 Collusions I, II . . . and III (A Hard Lesson Learned)" 2634:

Heller, Dick (2006-04-10). "Dodgers handled unrest to start '47".

687: 382: 4491: 3743: 2917:, October 20, 1983, "Kuhn called off-base for Mantle, Mays bans". 2191: 2115: 1753:

The leaders in the movement to oust Vincent were members of what

1226: 1141: 1067: 907: 774:

until 2012). Mays and Mantle were reinstated by Kuhn's successor

339: 3420: 2807:"International Relations: Los Angeles Dodgers - 1966 Japan Tour" 1493:

On October 17, 1989, Vincent sat in a field box behind the left

814:. An estimated 61 million people watched Game 4 on NBC; TV 675:

post-World Series tour of Japan by the National League champion

457:, in a special election held one month after his death, and the 5347: 3061:"Baseball Almanac - Pete Rose / A. Bartlett Giamatti Agreement" 2890: 2673:, ed. (2004). "Albert Benjamin Chandler 1935–1939, 1955–1959". 2223:. Unlike his replacement Selig, Vincent stated that the owners 2195: 2095: 1980:

Major League Baseball performance-enhancing drug testing policy

884: 763: 2198:

in the face of Georgia's new voting laws, and his role in the

1702:

On July 17, 1992, the Chicago Cubs sued Vincent and asked the

3279:"Bud Selig named Commissioner Emeritus, to make $ 6M pension" 1679:

in the West and the Cubs and the Cardinals in the east since

436:

Most of the others broke down laughing. Even Landis smirked.

3451:"Rob Manfred is fundamentally changing the game of baseball" 2375:(briefly served as Acting Commissioner after Landis's death) 1908:(1997) and interleague games during the entire season (2013) 1475:

As deputy commissioner, Vincent was closely associated with

1352:

on April 30, 1988. Later that year, Giamatti also suspended

3764: 2956:"A Billion-Dollar Bid By CBS Wins Rights To Baseball Games" 2182:, including his highly-publicized comment in 2020 that the 1337: 1293:– all clubs either broke even or finished in the black. In 902:, alleging that Major League Baseball had violated federal 3799: 3689:. Msn.foxsports.com (2010-09-16). Retrieved on 2013-07-23. 2398:

Late Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1945–1972

3656:"Selig set to retire happy when contract ends in 3 years" 2677:. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. 1879:

the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs

1740: 1721: 1234: 1170:

regular season before being replaced by Peter Ueberroth.

433:"Because Brooklyn has him covered up", sputtered Robbie. 2002:

During Selig's years of service, new stadiums opened in

1558:, lasted 32 games and wiped out all of spring training. 111:(MiLB) – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as " 3355: 3353: 3208:"Selig emerges as the best of all of baseball's bosses" 1934:

formula that heavily favors intradivisional play (2001)

312: 220: 2730:"The Epic Battle to Beat Babe Ruth's Home Run Record" 1468:) that if he had the chance, he would get rid of the 3350: 3130:"History of MLB Expansion Teams and Franchise Moves" 2394:"Statement of Ford Frick – Commissioner of Baseball" 2339: 338:, when Johnson criticized Landis's decision to give 247:

Landis's first significant act was to deal with the

978:in the 12th inning of Oakland's Game 2 loss to the 708:), owner disenchantment, and the end of baseball's 479:When Judge Landis died in 1944, an official in the 296:. He also formalized the unofficial banishments of 3625:National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (2007). 2669: 2163:led a group in support of Boston Red Sox chairman 587:Later, it was revealed that Frick had served as a 514:of the major leagues, beginning with the debut of 3598: 3336:Fitchburg (Massachusetts) Sentinel and Enterprise 3100: 3098: 3096: 2998: 2996: 2521:"What Was the 1919 'Black Sox' Baseball Scandal?" 1639:and Florida Marlins, the latter now known as the 923:. Flood's attorney, former Supreme Court Justice 5776: 3298: 2651:Kosin, Phil (October 1985). "Diamond Classics". 2202:, the league's first work stoppage in 27 years. 1550:became afraid that the owners would institute a 1095: 3962: 3627:"Hall of Famer detail: Kenesaw Mountain Landis" 3556: 3307:"Manfred to succeed Selig as next Commissioner" 3107:"Interview – Fay Vincent – Former Commissioner" 2845: 2843: 2147:contested commissioner election in 46 years as 1578:from baseball for life after Steinbrenner paid 494:Chandler clashed with Brooklyn Dodgers manager 383:Curbing the growth of minor league farm systems 375:. Eleven weeks after Robinson's debut with the 3225: 3093: 2993: 1386:On September 1, 1989, at his vacation home on 1315: 1173: 5144: 4987: 3948: 3785: 2546:Bums: An Oral History of the Brooklyn Dodgers 2410: 2400:, pp. 129–131. University of Nebraska Press. 2128: 762:) from the sport due to their involvement in 601: 464: 4592:Comparison with Nippon Professional Baseball 3592: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 2840: 1971:franchise to Washington, D.C., becoming the 1070:use. In addition, such established stars as 215: 5244: 4709: 3724:2013 MLB Attendance – Major League Baseball 3388:"Rob Manfred elected next MLB commissioner" 2748: 2205: 1394:for many years, died suddenly of a massive 1115: 304:. In 1921, he banned Giants center fielder 5151: 5137: 4994: 4980: 3955: 3941: 3792: 3778: 3200: 2186:trophy was "a piece of metal", moving the 2121:Selig retired from the position after the 1402: 1237:, and initiated the investigation against 350: 131:, who assumed office on January 25, 2015. 36: 5759:National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum 3631:National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum 3163: 2927: 2831: 2604: 2602: 1994:used by umpiring crew to review disputed 930:Ultimately, the Supreme Court, acting on 682: 540: 5795:1920 establishments in the United States 5742:History of baseball in the United States 3761:Ranking the commissioners: Selig's No. 1 3448: 3255: 2972: 2870: 2850: 2727: 2663: 2188:2021 Major League Baseball All-Star Game 2132: 1847: 1843: 1602:, Vincent permanently suspended pitcher 1328:who became president of the university, 1177: 1086:admitted to having problems with drugs. 982:. Andrews' teammates as well as manager 943:Federal Baseball Club v. National League 883:before belligerent and, Flood believed, 686: 659:nor regular-season games after the June 605: 544: 468: 423:"You can't do that!" barked a surprised 224: 141:History of baseball in the United States 16:Chief executive of Major League Baseball 5100:Women's National Basketball Association 3475: 3449:OKennedy, Patrick (12 September 2022). 3332:"MLB owners meet to elect commissioner" 3179:"Selig Given 3-Year Contract Extension" 3176: 3146: 2893:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 2518: 2267:, which led to the cancellation of the 2251:, who was the managing partner for the 2082:. In addition, the venues now known as 134: 5777: 3801:Commissioners of Major League Baseball 3749:Commissioners of Major League Baseball 3576:"Does George Mitchell Have the Juice?" 3573: 3502: 3127: 2633: 2608: 2599: 2504:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1722:Vincent's relationship with the owners 1590:(one year after Vincent left office). 1565: 1348:for 30 games after Rose shoved umpire 1002: 919:(407 U.S. 258) eventually went to the 872:, and right-handed ace relief pitcher 770:, let alone betting on baseball (this 5132: 4975: 3936: 3773: 3529: 3304: 3104: 2953: 2891:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 2754: 2650: 2297: 2200:2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout 1865:, the introduction of the wild card, 1807:, the longtime majority owner of the 1759:later dubbed "The Great Lakes Gang": 1229:use, negotiated a $ 1.1 billion 3414: 3385: 2697: 2180:Houston Astros sign stealing scandal 1735:in light of a US$ 1.1 billion, 1482: 949: 440: 313:An independent commissioner's office 5785:Major League Baseball commissioners 3908:Major League Baseball commissioners 3361:"Rob Manfred next MLB commissioner" 2954:Durso, Joseph (December 15, 1988). 2928:Carpenter, Les (January 20, 2006). 2804: 2781:"Frick, Ford Baseball Hall of Fame" 2452: 1437:In 1990, National League president 1366:National League Championship Series 1128:, Kuhn sat at a baseball game with 657:assassination of Martin Luther King 427:, manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers. 387:Landis tried to curb the growth of 221:Kenesaw Mountain Landis (1920–1944) 13: 3476:Nesbitt, Andy (17 February 2020). 2736:. A&E Television Networks, LLC 2583:"Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler" 2575: 2527:. A&E Television Networks, LLC 1542:1990 Major League Baseball lockout 661:assassination of Robert F. Kennedy 103:is the chief executive officer of 14: 5806: 4842:Timeline of Major League Baseball 3733: 3503:Snyder, Matt (16 November 2023). 2437: 2275:successes, such as expansion and 2106:underwent major renovations, and 1626: 1570:On July 30, 1990, Vincent banned 1153: 5160: 4694:Negro leaguers who played in MLB 3915: 3901: 3900: 3698: 3386:Blum, Ronald (August 14, 2014). 3128:Lokker, Brian (21 August 2023). 2975:"Baseball's Realistic Adversary" 2973:Anderson, Dave (June 23, 1991). 2519:Andrews, Evan (24 August 2023). 2342: 1911:Four additional franchises: the 1877:During Selig's term of service, 822:have been played in prime time. 591:for Ruth earlier in his career. 5034:National Basketball Association 3717: 3692: 3673: 3648: 3618: 3605:MLB.com: Commissioners: History 3567: 3550: 3523: 3496: 3469: 3442: 3379: 3324: 3305:Hagen, Paul (August 14, 2014). 3271: 3249: 3140: 3121: 3071: 3053: 3028: 2966: 2947: 2921: 2906: 2823: 2798: 2773: 2721: 2691: 2644: 2627: 2396:. In Sullivan, Dean A. (2002). 2363:History of the NFL Commissioner 1836:first baseman and left fielder 1535: 1441:was prepared to suspend umpire 1414:, which was interrupted by the 772:was not legalized in New Jersey 292:, and (in 1943) Phillies owner 5112:National Women's Soccer League 4874:Relocations of the 1950s–1960s 3726:ESPN. Retrieved on 2013-07-23. 3662:. Associated Press. 2006-12-01 3574:Pierce, Charles (2006-10-08). 3256:Schulman, Henry (2007-12-15). 3177:Bagnato, Andrew (2008-01-18). 2728:Sheridan, Phil (23 May 2023). 2551: 2539: 2512: 2473: 2431: 2386: 2259:, then-Majority Leader of the 1923:and Tampa Bay Devil Rays (now 1814:In his farewell, Vincent said 1650: 700:'s tenure was marked by labor 483:began campaigning for Senator 169:who dominated the commission. 21:Commissioner of Baseball (NPB) 1: 5167:Baseball in the United States 3755:Ranking the MLB Commissioners 3530:Axisa, Mike (13 March 2022). 3025:Peter Ueberroth and Collusion 2757:"The myth of Maris' asterisk" 2609:Rogers, Thomas (1991-10-08). 2420:. Major League Baseball. 2007 2379: 1956:granted to the winner of the 1706:in Chicago for a preliminary 1593: 1430:season; and the expulsion of 1096:Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle 825: 785:Also in 1970, Kuhn described 671:internationally, including a 253:banned them all from baseball 4669:National Baseball Commission 2885:American Antiquarian Society 2865:American Antiquarian Society 1952:Home field advantage in the 1683:. National League president 1464:' coverage of Game 4 of the 1132:, a Navy admiral and former 724:during the same time frame. 559:, National League President 147:National Baseball Commission 60:National Baseball Commission 7: 4869:Defunct and relocated teams 4524:World Baseball Classic Inc. 3105:Brown, Maury (2005-11-09). 2755:Barra, Allen (2001-10-03). 2704:Bluegrass Days, Neon Nights 2611:"In Memory of Leo Durocher" 2335: 2304:performance-enhancing drugs 1919:) in 1993, followed by the 1881:became a public issue. The 1316:A. Bartlett Giamatti (1989) 1253:chose to install lights at 1174:Peter Ueberroth (1984–1989) 242: 208:owner and Johnson loyalist 50:since January 25, 2015 10: 5811: 5543:Little League World Series 5525:Collegiate summer baseball 4772:Negro National League (II) 4689:First black players in MLB 2129:Rob Manfred (2015–present) 1783:Stanton Cook, head of the 1539: 1486: 1379: 1223:suspended numerous players 1201:League Championship Series 1088: 1023:that during the winter of 856:, and left-handed pitcher 829: 602:William Eckert (1965–1968) 465:Happy Chandler (1945–1951) 459:Most Valuable Player Award 138: 18: 5764:Comparison of MLB and NPB 5734: 5704:1974 Amateur World Series 5608: 5583: 5562: 5555: 5533: 5481: 5439: 5405: 5375: 5345: 5315: 5290: 5276: 5237: 5209: 5182: 5173: 5010: 4929: 4847:History of team nicknames 4834: 4791: 4747:Negro National League (I) 4637:All-time win–loss records 4600: 4554: 4424: 4329: 4239: 4235: 4193: 4155: 4117: 4108: 4066: 4028: 3990: 3981: 3971: 3895: 3807: 1915:and Florida Marlins (now 1144:. Recalling the event to 1110:Atlantic City, New Jersey 430:"Why not?" asked Landis. 216:Overview of commissioners 107:(MLB) and the associated 83: 75: 65: 55: 33: 28: 5198:Commissioner of Baseball 5061:Canadian Football League 5049:National Football League 4826:Barry Bonds perjury case 3111:The Business of Baseball 2236:has no trust in Selig." 1116:Lifetime baseball passes 1046:, four players from the 716:to 45.5 million in 101:commissioner of baseball 29:Commissioner of baseball 4630:Tie-breaking procedures 3813:Kenesaw Mountain Landis 3599:Major League Baseball. 3147:Marantz, Steve (1994). 2358:Commissioner of the NBA 2255:from 1989 to 1994, and 2215:, when baseball owners 1840:– as the commissioner. 1403:Fay Vincent (1989–1992) 1360:, who was caught using 1066:– were found guilty of 966:. Finley forced player 410:Dodger Daze and Knights 355:Landis perpetuated the 351:The baseball color line 237:Kenesaw Mountain Landis 230:Kenesaw Mountain Landis 70:Kenesaw Mountain Landis 5616:World Baseball Classic 5422:Florida Complex League 5417:Arizona Complex League 5076:National Hockey League 4864:Golden age of baseball 4752:Eastern Colored League 4432:Authentication Program 4321:World Baseball Classic 3601:"Allan H. "Bud" Selig" 3149:"The Great Lakes gang" 3079:"Bart Giamatti's Obit" 2140: 1986:World Baseball Classic 1871:World Baseball Classic 1855: 1821: 1620: 1514:Loma Prieta earthquake 1416:Loma Prieta earthquake 1185: 1126:Iranian hostage crisis 1091:Pittsburgh drug trials 940:ruling in the case of 694: 683:Bowie Kuhn (1969–1984) 613: 552: 541:Ford Frick (1951–1965) 538: 496:Leo "the Lip" Durocher 476: 449:He was elected to the 438: 232: 119:crews, and negotiates 5747:Negro league baseball 5367:South Atlantic League 5255:Major League Baseball 5019:Major League Baseball 4777:Negro American League 4767:Negro Southern League 4757:American Negro League 4509:Minor League Baseball 4391:Wild Card Game/Series 4301:Little League Classic 4142:Philadelphia Phillies 3964:Major League Baseball 3751:– Sports Encyclopedia 3580:Boston Globe Magazine 3311:Major League Baseball 3036:"Sports Encyclopedia" 2785:Baseball Hall of Fame 2587:Major League Baseball 2460:"MLB American League" 2325:Philadelphia Phillies 2136: 1937:Consolidation of the 1851: 1844:Bud Selig (1992–2015) 1816: 1731:dwindling television 1616: 1530:Commissioner's Trophy 1181: 862:Philadelphia Phillies 690: 609: 548: 533: 472: 451:Baseball Hall of Fame 414: 282:Philadelphia Phillies 228: 109:Minor League Baseball 105:Major League Baseball 5790:Baseball occupations 5501:College World Series 5449:American Association 5397:Florida State League 5307:Pacific Coast League 5302:International League 5110:Commissioner of the 5059:Commissioner of the 4722:American Association 4717:National Association 4454:Highest-paid players 4306:Field of Dreams Game 4223:San Francisco Giants 4203:Arizona Diamondbacks 4147:Washington Nationals 3607:. MLB Advanced Media 3117:on February 2, 2007. 2675:Kentucky's Governors 2637:The Washington Times 2462:. Baseball Biography 2265:1994 players' strike 1973:Washington Nationals 1964:in the World Series) 1962:home-field advantage 1921:Arizona Diamondbacks 1503:San Francisco Giants 1390:, Giamatti, a heavy 1330:A. Bartlett Giamatti 1310:A. Bartlett Giamatti 734:, he suspended star 722:television contracts 401:Pacific Coast League 262:Shoeless Joe Jackson 135:Origin of the office 125:television contracts 5752:Baseball color line 5709:Global World Series 5591:Minor league awards 5556:Awards & honors 5427:Arizona Fall League 5088:Major League Soccer 4921:Contraction attempt 4742:Major Negro leagues 4684:Baseball color line 4519:Players Association 4311:Rickwood Field Game 4279:International games 4259:Jackie Robinson Day 4213:Los Angeles Dodgers 4185:St. Louis Cardinals 4043:Cleveland Guardians 3560:Rocky Mountain News 3428:New York Daily News 2934:The Washington Post 2217:voted no confidence 1932:unbalanced schedule 1823:He was replaced by 1809:Los Angeles Dodgers 1766:, president of the 1704:U.S. District Court 1661:St. Louis Cardinals 1576:George Steinbrenner 1566:George Steinbrenner 1516:hit with a maximum 1497:at San Francisco's 1432:George Steinbrenner 1354:Los Angeles Dodgers 1306:1989 regular season 1231:television contract 1205:Players Association 1147:The Washington Post 1003:Kuhn's war on drugs 881:Connie Mack Stadium 842:St. Louis Cardinals 677:Los Angeles Dodgers 573:New York Daily News 399:from upgrading the 5665:Pan American Games 4946:League Presidents 4816:Biogenesis scandal 4679:Organized baseball 4674:Continental League 4497:MLB Advanced Media 4180:Pittsburgh Pirates 4081:Los Angeles Angels 4053:Kansas City Royals 3685:2008-01-18 at the 3402:on August 16, 2014 3238:. pp. 310–311 2979:The New York Times 2960:The New York Times 2834:The New York Times 2710:on January 7, 2009 2671:Lowell H. Harrison 2615:The New York Times 2548:by Peter Golenbock 2316:that with most of 2313:Sports Illustrated 2298:Current challenges 2257:George J. Mitchell 2157:Los Angeles Angels 2141: 1856: 1787:, which owned the 1776:, chairman of the 1518:Mercalli intensity 1326:English literature 1186: 1060:Willie Mays Aikens 1048:Kansas City Royals 1013:Kansas City Royals 864:for first baseman 695: 614: 596:Continental League 553: 477: 233: 113:organized baseball 5772: 5771: 5604: 5603: 5596:Collegiate awards 5551: 5550: 5477: 5476: 5435: 5434: 5387:California League 5126: 5125: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4787: 4786: 4727:Union Association 4264:Civil Rights Game 4231: 4230: 4175:Milwaukee Brewers 4104: 4103: 4086:Oakland Athletics 4038:Chicago White Sox 4020:Toronto Blue Jays 4000:Baltimore Orioles 3930: 3929: 3757:– Bleacher Report 3538:. CBS INTERACTIVE 3511:. CBS INTERACTIVE 3367:. August 14, 2014 3338:. August 14, 2014 3233:"Mitchell Report" 3153:The Sporting News 3089:on March 1, 2009. 3083:The Dead Ball Era 2811:walteromalley.com 2698:Chandler, Happy. 2329:Blue Ribbon Panel 2308:anabolic steroids 2241:Milwaukee Brewers 2149:Chicago White Sox 1832:– the son of the 1830:Stephen Greenberg 1825:Milwaukee Brewers 1778:Chicago White Sox 1768:Milwaukee Brewers 1756:The Sporting News 1696:Central Time Zone 1663:to move from the 1507:Oakland Athletics 1489:1989 World Series 1483:1989 World Series 1470:designated hitter 1466:1991 World Series 1412:1989 World Series 1388:Martha's Vineyard 1271:collusion charges 1037:1982 World Series 964:1973 World Series 960:Charles O. Finley 956:Oakland Athletics 950:Charles O. Finley 868:, second baseman 704:(most notably in 441:Legacy and honors 332:1924 World Series 249:Black Sox scandal 186:1919 World Series 178:Chicago White Sox 174:Black Sox Scandal 97: 96: 5802: 5735:Related articles 5682:Caribbean Series 5560: 5559: 5469:MLB Draft League 5410: 5380: 5362:Northwest League 5350: 5320: 5295: 5288: 5287: 5274: 5273: 5242: 5241: 5202: 5194: 5183:Governing bodies 5165: 5164: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5130: 5129: 5098:Commissioner of 5086:Commissioner of 4996: 4989: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4762:East–West League 4707: 4706: 4701:Women MLB owners 4571:2024 controversy 4514:MLB Draft League 4469:Lockouts/strikes 4459:Hot stove league 4274:Interleague play 4237: 4236: 4218:San Diego Padres 4208:Colorado Rockies 4115: 4114: 4091:Seattle Mariners 4010:New York Yankees 3988: 3987: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3904: 3903: 3888: 3880: 3872: 3864: 3856: 3848: 3840: 3832: 3824: 3816: 3794: 3787: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3705: 3696: 3690: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3667: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3633:. Archived from 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3586: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3457:. Vox Media, LLC 3455:blessyouboys.com 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3398:. Archived from 3396:Associated Press 3383: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3237: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3185:. Archived from 3174: 3161: 3160: 3155:. Archived from 3144: 3138: 3137: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3113:. Archived from 3102: 3091: 3090: 3085:. Archived from 3075: 3069: 3068: 3065:Baseball Almanac 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3038:. Archived from 3032: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3015: 3009:. Archived from 3008: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2925: 2919: 2915:Spokesman-Review 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2888: 2882: 2868: 2862: 2847: 2838: 2837: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2706:. Archived from 2695: 2689: 2688: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2606: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2559:"Official BBWAA" 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2503: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2483:. Archived from 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2418:"MLB Executives" 2414: 2408: 2390: 2368:NHL commissioner 2352: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2277:interleague play 2172:intentional walk 2100:Kauffman Stadium 2068:Washington, D.C. 1913:Colorado Rockies 1906:interleague play 1867:interleague play 1746:Game of the Week 1669:Western Division 1665:Eastern Division 1637:Colorado Rockies 1572:New York Yankees 1499:Candlestick Park 1072:Ferguson Jenkins 1021:Associated Press 992:New York Yankees 970:to sign a false 946:(259 U.S. 200). 425:Wilbert Robinson 377:Brooklyn Dodgers 302:Heinie Zimmerman 201:New York Yankees 182:Charles Comiskey 93: 92: 90:Official website 66:Inaugural holder 40: 26: 25: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5730: 5600: 5579: 5547: 5529: 5473: 5459:Frontier League 5454:Atlantic League 5431: 5406: 5401: 5392:Carolina League 5376: 5371: 5346: 5341: 5332:Southern League 5316: 5311: 5291: 5272: 5266:National League 5261:American League 5233: 5205: 5200: 5193:(international) 5192: 5178: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5127: 5122: 5105:Cathy Engelbert 5006: 5000: 4970: 4961: 4925: 4830: 4811:Mitchell Report 4783: 4732:Players' League 4705: 4652:Retired numbers 4596: 4550: 4546:Winter Meetings 4420: 4325: 4316:Players Weekend 4249:Spring training 4227: 4189: 4170:Cincinnati Reds 4151: 4110:National League 4100: 4062: 4058:Minnesota Twins 4024: 3983:American League 3977: 3967: 3961: 3931: 3926: 3921:Portal:Baseball 3914: 3899: 3891: 3883: 3875: 3867: 3859: 3853:Peter Ueberroth 3851: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3819: 3811: 3803: 3798: 3736: 3731: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3687:Wayback Machine 3678: 3674: 3665: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3619: 3610: 3608: 3597: 3593: 3584: 3582: 3572: 3568: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3263: 3261: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3215: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3192: 3190: 3189:on May 21, 2009 3175: 3164: 3145: 3141: 3126: 3122: 3103: 3094: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2971: 2967: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2926: 2922: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2880: 2872:McCusker, J. J. 2860: 2852:McCusker, J. J. 2848: 2841: 2828: 2824: 2815: 2813: 2805:Langill, Mark. 2803: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2726: 2722: 2713: 2711: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2668: 2664: 2649: 2645: 2632: 2628: 2619: 2617: 2607: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2565: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2517: 2513: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2481:"Archived copy" 2479: 2478: 2474: 2465: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2444: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2373:Leslie O'Connor 2350:Baseball portal 2348: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2300: 2229:Jerry Reinsdorf 2208: 2153:Jerry Reinsdorf 2131: 1943:American League 1904:Regular season 1883:Mitchell Report 1846: 1799:Minnesota Twins 1797:, owner of the 1774:Jerry Reinsdorf 1724: 1673:Cincinnati Reds 1653: 1629: 1596: 1568: 1544: 1538: 1491: 1485: 1424:Spring training 1405: 1384: 1318: 1189:Peter Ueberroth 1183:Peter Ueberroth 1176: 1156: 1130:Jeremiah Denton 1118: 1100:Hall of Famers 1098: 1093: 1076:Keith Hernandez 1005: 952: 925:Arthur Goldberg 834: 828: 798:On October 13, 776:Peter Ueberroth 685: 665:players' strike 635:general officer 604: 543: 516:Jackie Robinson 467: 443: 385: 369:Jackie Robinson 353: 336:Two years later 315: 288:, Giants coach 278:Jimmy O'Connell 270:New York Giants 245: 223: 218: 163:August Herrmann 159:Cincinnati Reds 155:American League 151:National League 143: 137: 88: 87: 51: 49: 48: 44: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5808: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5566: 5564: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5539: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5464:Pioneer League 5461: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5357:Midwest League 5353: 5351: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5327:Eastern League 5323: 5321: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5285: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5250: 5248: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5213: 5211: 5210:National teams 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5201:(professional) 5195: 5186: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5156: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5133: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5117:Jessica Berman 5108: 5096: 5084: 5069: 5066:Randy Ambrosie 5057: 5042: 5027: 5011: 5008: 5007: 4999: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4944: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4739: 4737:Federal League 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4564: 4562:Instant replay 4558: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4439: 4437:Business rules 4434: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4335: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 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Bush 2207: 2206:Owners' "coup" 2204: 2130: 2127: 2000: 1999: 1992:Instant replay 1989: 1983: 1976: 1969:Montreal Expos 1967:Relocation of 1965: 1950: 1947:umpiring crews 1935: 1928: 1925:Tampa Bay Rays 1909: 1902: 1845: 1842: 1838:Hank Greenberg 1812: 1811: 1805:Peter O'Malley 1802: 1792: 1781: 1771: 1737:four-year deal 1723: 1720: 1677:Atlanta Braves 1652: 1649: 1628: 1627:1993 expansion 1625: 1608:Buck Showalter 1595: 1592: 1567: 1564: 1540:Main article: 1537: 1534: 1487:Main article: 1484: 1481: 1418:; the owners' 1404: 1401: 1317: 1314: 1243:betting habits 1212:Hall of Famers 1175: 1172: 1155: 1154:Leaving office 1152: 1117: 1114: 1097: 1094: 1017:Darrell Porter 1004: 1001: 951: 948: 896:reserve clause 836:On October 7, 830:Main article: 827: 824: 768:sports betting 736:Detroit Tigers 710:reserve clause 684: 681: 631:William Eckert 611:William Eckert 603: 600: 542: 539: 531:autobiography: 485:Happy Chandler 481:War Department 474:Happy Chandler 466: 463: 442: 439: 420:of Brooklyn". 384: 381: 361:Happy Chandler 352: 349: 314: 311: 294:William D. Cox 260:and superstar 244: 241: 222: 219: 217: 214: 206:Detroit Tigers 197:Boston Red Sox 136: 133: 95: 94: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 42: 35: 34: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5807: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5648:Olympic Games 5646: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609:Hosted events 5607: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5442: 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C1. 2835: 2826: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2686: 2684:0-8131-2326-7 2680: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2639: 2638: 2630: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2603: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2547: 2542: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2487:on 2015-05-25 2486: 2482: 2476: 2461: 2455: 2441: 2434: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2406:0-8032-9285-6 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392:Frick, Ford. 2389: 2385: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2340: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253:Texas Rangers 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2135: 2126: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2112:Wrigley Field 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2084:Angel Stadium 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:San Francisco 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1958:All Star Game 1955: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917:Miami Marlins 1914: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1887:Cliff Stearns 1884: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1641:Miami Marlins 1638: 1634: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1584:Dave Winfield 1581: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1445:for slamming 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1383: 1378: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1324:professor of 1323: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:Marvin Miller 1264: 1259: 1256: 1255:Wrigley Field 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219:Mickey Mantle 1216: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1151: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124:, during the 1123: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1106:Mickey Mantle 1103: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1052:Willie Wilson 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1000: 998: 993: 989: 985: 984:Dick Williams 981: 980:New York Mets 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 947: 945: 944: 939: 935: 934: 933:stare decisis 928: 926: 922: 921:Supreme Court 918: 917: 916:Flood v. Kuhn 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 886: 882: 877: 875: 874:Jerry Johnson 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 852:, outfielder 851: 847: 843: 839: 833: 832:Flood v. 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News 3290:January 24, 3134:HowTheyPlay 2869:1700–1799: 2849:1634–1699: 2790:October 25, 2734:history.com 2700:"Chapter 1" 2653:ABA Journal 2563:Twitter.com 2525:history.com 2318:Barry Bonds 2261:U.S. Senate 2234:Donald Fehr 2161:Arte Moreno 2144:Rob Manfred 2138:Rob Manfred 2104:Kansas City 2092:Fenway Park 2080:Minneapolis 1863:1994 strike 1795:Carl Pohlad 1785:Tribune Co. 1651:Realignment 1548:Donald Fehr 1458:Pat O'Brien 1451:Dennis Cook 1408:Fay Vincent 1382:Dowd Report 1364:during the 1287:Fay Vincent 1225:because of 1215:Willie Mays 1102:Willie Mays 1080:Dave Parker 858:Joe Hoerner 748:Willie Mays 651:During the 589:ghostwriter 582:Roger Maris 512:integration 500:Laraine Day 328:Ban Johnson 320:hooliganism 306:Benny Kauff 258:Buck Weaver 210:Frank Navin 190:World War I 167:Ban Johnson 129:Rob Manfred 46:Rob Manfred 5779:Categories 5483:Collegiate 5093:Don Garber 4541:Valuations 4487:Television 4464:Luxury tax 4331:Postseason 3845:Bowie Kuhn 3829:Ford Frick 3666:2007-09-22 3641:2007-09-22 3611:2008-08-31 3585:2007-09-22 3434:August 14, 3406:August 14, 3371:August 14, 3342:August 15, 3316:August 14, 3284:CBS Sports 3264:2009-10-17 3242:2007-12-13 3218:2009-10-17 3193:2009-10-17 3183:Sfgate.com 3046:2011-11-09 3020:2011-11-09 2816:2020-09-19 2766:2011-11-09 2740:3 December 2714:2009-07-07 2620:2007-06-06 2592:2007-01-30 2568:2020-10-28 2531:3 December 2491:2015-05-24 2466:2007-12-26 2445:2024-07-17 2424:2007-06-30 2380:References 2165:Tom Werner 2044:Pittsburgh 2008:Cincinnati 1927:) in 1998. 1708:injunction 1685:Bill White 1604:Steve Howe 1594:Steve Howe 1552:salary cap 1509:, the 6.9 1439:Bill White 1380:See also: 1358:Jay Howell 1089:See also: 1084:Dale Berra 1031:he became 913:The case, 892:free agent 866:Dick Allen 848:, catcher 846:Curt Flood 826:Curt Flood 820:since 1988 808:prime time 787:Jim Bouton 744:bookmaking 698:Bowie Kuhn 692:Bowie Kuhn 618:Ford Frick 578:Dick Young 561:Ford Frick 550:Ford Frick 365:Bill Veeck 357:color line 290:Cozy Dolan 204:urging of 161:president 139:See also: 5002:Heads of 4914:Potential 4879:Expansion 4587:Rivalries 4344:Champions 3906:Category: 3877:Bud Selig 3484:. 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