33:
505:
1125:
52:
218:
6255:
2712:
2021:
1346:
805:
698:
6277:
165:
1407:
340:
2380:
2700:
3307:. Editors and databases present a command line, in which alternate command processors might run. On the other hand, one might have options on the command line, which opens a dialog box. The latest version of 'Take Command' has this feature. DBase used a dialog box to construct command lines, which could be further edited before use.
4397:'=StdOut>; extension: <.RPT> /Style (+) Export <0>-6=BIN-raw/ROM/RAM/PSF0/1/SH/CHED; 7-12/13-18/19-24=ASM-hex/dec/bin/ip/il/p/l/mp/ml CPI /H:C Overview on codepage file parameter usage: CPI /H:S Overview on /Style parameters: ?, & Online edit mode (prompts for additional parameter input)
176:
Compared with a graphical user interface, a command-line interface requires fewer system resources to implement. Since options to commands are given in a few characters in each command line, an experienced user often finds the options easier to access. Automation of repetitive tasks is simplified by
3375:
Another command-line interface allows a shell program to launch helper programs, either to launch documents or start a program. The command is processed internally by the shell, and then passed on to another program to launch the document. The graphical interface of
Windows and OS/2 rely heavily on
2610:
Although most users think of the shell as an interactive command interpreter, it is really a programming language in which each statement runs a command. Because it must satisfy both the interactive and programming aspects of command execution, it is a strange language, shaped as much by history as
988:
to represent the full command, or several commands can be grouped to perform a more complex sequence – for instance, compile the program, install it, and run it — creating a single entity, called a command procedure or script which itself can be treated as a command. These advantages mean
538:
was introduced in 1977 as a replacement for the V6 shell. Although it is used as an interactive command interpreter, it was also intended as a scripting language and contains most of the features that are commonly considered to produce structured programs. The Bourne shell led to the development of
1555:
The format of options varies widely between operating systems. In most cases the syntax is by convention rather than an operating system requirement; the entire command line is simply a string passed to a program, which can process it in any way the programmer wants, so long as the interpreter can
1085:
files. The directories in the path variable are searched in the order they are given. By re-ordering the path, one can run e.g. \OS2\MDOS\E.EXE instead of \OS2\E.EXE, when the default is the opposite. Renaming of the executables also works: people often rename their favourite editor to EDIT, for
1213:
End-users can often modify prompts. Depending on the environment, they may include colors, special characters, and other elements (like variables and functions for the current time, user, shell number or working directory) in order, for instance, to make the prompt more informative or visually
1214:
pleasing, to distinguish sessions on various machines, or to indicate the current level of nesting of commands. On some systems, special tokens in the definition of the prompt can be used to cause external programs to be called by the command-line interpreter while displaying the prompt.
4088:, including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)
786:
CLIs are often used by programmers and system administrators, in engineering and scientific environments, and by technically advanced personal computer users. CLIs are also popular among people with visual disabilities since the commands and responses can be displayed using
326:
Although the term 'shell' is often used to describe a command-line interpreter, strictly speaking, a 'shell' can be any program that constitutes the user-interface, including fully graphically oriented ones. For example, the default
Windows GUI is a shell program named
890:
param1 …paramN — parameters provided by the user. The format and meaning of the parameters depends upon the command. In the case of external commands, the values of the parameters are delivered to the program as it is launched by the OS. Parameters may be either
3295:, such a command interpreter provides a more flexible command-line interface than the one supplied. In other cases, such a command interpreter can present a highly customised user interface employing the user interface and input/output facilities of the language.
1104:, with a different set of commands supported in each mode. The set of commands are grouped by association with security, system, interface, etc. In these systems the user might traverse through a series of sub-modes. For example, if the CLI had two modes called
973:, then execute the specified command and provide textual display of results or error messages. Advanced CLIs will validate, interpret and parameter-expand the command line before executing the specified command, and optionally capture or redirect its output.
2174:
to separate options at the end of the command from the other arguments. For example, in the following command the options indicate that the target file should be replaced if it exists, and the date and time of the source file should be retained on the copy:
3405:, which has been called "the command line of the internet" will perform a domain-specific search when it detects search parameters in a known format. This functionality is present whether the search is triggered from a browser field or on Google's website.
961:
Two different CLIs may agree on either syntax or semantics, but it is only when they agree on both that they can be considered sufficiently similar to allow users to use both CLIs without needing to learn anything, as well as to enable re-use of scripts.
2228:
One of the criticisms of a CLI is the lack of cues to the user as to the available actions. In contrast, GUIs usually inform the user of available actions with menus, icons, or other visual cues. To overcome this limitation, many CLI programs display a
1956:(which is also a valid directory separator in DOS, FlexOS, 4680 OS, 4690 OS, OS/2 and Windows) thereby serving as a visual clue to indicate the change. Also, the current setting is reflected also in the built-in help screens. Some versions of DR-DOS
4393:
CPI /H CPI ] /?, /Help
Display this help screen or specific help for a topic (+) /!, /About Display the 'About' info screen /Cpifile (+) .CPI/.CP file name <EGA.CPI>; extension: <.CPI>; CPI.EXE=StdIn /Report Report file name
3339:, which relied on the user typing commands at the bottom of the screen. One controls the character by typing commands like 'get ring' or 'look'. The program returns a text which describes how the character sees it, or makes the action happen. The
2676:
mechanism and OS/2 EXTPROC command facilitate the passing of batch files to external processors. One can use these mechanisms to write specific command processors for dedicated uses, and process external data files which reside in batch files.
1990:
only, rather than retrieving the switch setting before parsing command-line arguments. A very small number, mainly ports from Unix-like systems, are programmed to accept "-" even if the switch character is not set to it (for example
3557:-like operating systems: Windows Server 2003 R2 documentation uses italic letters for "information that the user must supply", but Windows Server 2008 documentation uses angle brackets. Italics can not be displayed by the internal
3427:
feature a command line interface often referred to as a console. It is typically used by the game developers during development and by mod developers for debugging purposes as well as for cheating or skipping parts of the game.
1536:) modifies the operation of a command; the effect is determined by the command's program. Options follow the command name on the command line, separated by spaces. A space before the first option is not always required, such as
4443:, I suggest to run DEBUG 1.51 and enter the extended help system with ?? from the debug prompt. This will give you eight screens full of syntax and feature help. Some of these features were also supported by older issues.
2737:
systems that ran one program at a time, often with the programmer acting as operator. This also had the advantage of low overhead, since lights and switches could be tested and set with one machine instruction. Later a single
232:
Operating system (OS) command-line interfaces are usually distinct programs supplied with the operating system. A program that implements such a text interface is often called a command-line interpreter, command processor or
2296:
API in order to determine the current setting. So, if a program is not hardwired to support them all, a user may need to know the current setting even to be able to reliably request help. If the SwitChar has been changed to
2276:
However, entering a program name without parameters in the hope that it will display usage help can be hazardous, as programs and scripts for which command line arguments are optional will execute without further notice.
1919:
to reenable the SwitChar feature is loaded). In some of these systems (MS-DOS/PC DOS 2.xx, DOS Plus 2.1, DR-DOS 7.02 and higher, PTS-DOS, Embedded DOS, FreeDOS and RxDOS), the setting can also be pre-configured by a
2343:
In a similar fashion to the help parameter, but much less common, some programs provide additional information about themselves (like mode, status, version, author, license or contact information) when invoked with an
3318:, and QBASIC all provide command-line interfaces, some of which use the system shell. Basic is modeled on the default interface for 8-bit Intel computers. Calculators can be run as command-line or dialog interfaces.
1424:
is an item of information provided to a program when it is started. A program can have many command-line arguments that identify sources or destinations of information, or that alter the operation of the program.
2104:) may indicate that the remaining arguments should not be treated as options, which is useful for example if a file name itself begins with a hyphen, or if further arguments are meant for an inner command (e.g.,
2097:); if one hyphen is followed by two or more letters it may mean two options are being specified, or it may mean the second and subsequent letters are a parameter (such as filename or date) for the first option.
3363:
interface, which allows the output of one command to be passed to the input of another. Text files can serve either purpose as well. This provides the interfaces of piping, filters and redirection. Under Unix,
2327:
Depending on the program, additional or more specific help on accepted parameters is sometimes available by either providing the parameter in question as an argument to the help parameter or vice versa (as in
758:
A CLI is used whenever a large vocabulary of commands or queries, coupled with a wide (or arbitrary) range of options, can be entered more rapidly as text than with a pure GUI. This is typically the case with
2662:
Command-line interpreters allow users to issue various commands in a very efficient (and often terse) way. This requires the user to know the names of the commands and their parameters, and the syntax of the
2375:
characters typically also serve other purposes at the command line, they may not be available in all scenarios, therefore, they should not be the only options to access the corresponding help information.
1741:. It is also common for Multics commands to be abbreviated, typically corresponding to the initial letters of the words that are strung together with underscores to form command names, such as the use of
1308:
on the right-hand side of the display. It is not a real prompt in that the location of text entry does not change. It is used to display information on the same line as the prompt, but right-justified.
4975:
2684:
and early versions of
Microsoft Windows use command-lines to call helper programs to open documents and programs. The commands are stored in the graphical shell or in files like the registry or the
2313:
as paths rather than help parameters. However, if given as first or only parameter, most DOS programs will, by convention, accept it as request for help regardless of the current SwitChar setting.
958:
define what sort of operations are possible, on what sort of data these operations can be performed, and how the grammar represents these operations and data—the symbolic meaning in the syntax.
2503:
Notice that these characters have different meanings than when used directly in the shell. Angle brackets may be omitted when confusing the parameter name with a literal string is not likely.
3324:
provides a command-line interface in the form of its minibuffer. Commands and arguments can be entered using Emacs standard text editing support, and output is displayed in another buffer.
1786:
On DOS, OS/2 and
Windows, different programs called from their COMMAND.COM or CMD.EXE (or internal their commands) may use different syntax within the same operating system. For example:
2316:
In some cases, different levels of help can be selected for a program. Some programs supporting this allow to give a verbosity level as an optional argument to the help parameter (as in
2214:
to the macro assembler command to append user symbols, but two local switches, one to specify LIB should be skipped on pass 2 and the other to direct listing to the printer, $ LPT.
388:
Some applications support a CLI, presenting their own prompt to the user and accepting command lines. Other programs support both a CLI and a GUI. In some cases, a GUI is simply a
3412:
libraries that allow to write command line applications in browser as standalone Web apps or as part of bigger application. An example of such a website is the CLI interface to
1053:, telling the command-line interpreter to send the output of the command not to its own standard output (the screen) but to the named file. This will overwrite the file. Using
976:
Unlike a button or menu item in a GUI, a command line is typically self-documenting, stating exactly what the user wants done. In addition, command lines usually include many
2131:
Unix command names, arguments and options are case-sensitive (except in a few examples, mainly where popular commands from other operating systems have been ported to Unix).
454:. These were typically used to interface an organization's new PC's with their existing mini- or mainframe computers, or to connect PC to PC. Some of these PCs were running
4943:
1093:
does this. Often, shareware programs will limit the range of commands, including printing a command 'your administrator has disabled running batch files' from the prompt.
4026:
396:. In other cases, a program may provide a CLI as an optional alternative to its GUI. CLIs and GUIs often support different functionality. For example, all features of
1911:, but can be changed to a hyphen-minus on the above-mentioned systems, except for under Datalight ROM-DOS and MS-DOS/PC DOS 5.0 and higher, which always return
1116:
to enter the interface mode. At this point, commands from the system mode may not be accessible until the user exits the interface mode and enters the system mode.
2093:) to identify the option's use while the old convention (and still available as an option for frequently-used options) is to use one hyphen then one letter (e.g.,
438:
permitted additional functions, such as cursor movement over the entire screen, or local editing of data on the terminal for transmission to the computer. As the
885:
commands run executables found in separate executable files. The command line interpreter searches for executable files with names matching the external command.
4145:
1050:
4719:
4967:
3376:
command-lines passed through to other programs – console or graphical, which then usually process the command line without presenting a user-console.
3344:
2280:
Although desirable at least for the help parameter, programs may not support all option lead-in characters exemplified above. Under DOS, where the default
2519:. Ambiguity can be prevented either by prohibiting embedded spaces in file and directory names in the first place (for example, by substituting them with
1752:
In some other systems abbreviations are automatic, such as permitting enough of the first characters of a command name to uniquely identify it (such as
7439:
4824:
3009:
and other development tools, 4NT and 4DOS. The latest release includes several shells, namely MS-DOS 6.22, PC DOS 7, DR DOS 3.xx, and others.
4542:
4346:
1867:) is most prevalent, although the hyphen-minus is also sometimes used. In many versions of DOS (MS-DOS/PC DOS 2.xx and higher, all versions of
188:
option provides a concise review of the options of a command. The command-line environment may not provide graphical enhancements such as different
111:. Programs that have CLIs are generally easy to automate via scripting, since command-lines, being mere lines of text, are easy to specify in code.
5169:
3604:
the notion of having a replaceable "command shell" rather than a "monitor" tightly integrated with the OS kernel tends to be attributed to
Multics.
3821:
1428:
When a command processor is active a program is typically invoked by typing its name followed by command-line arguments (if any). For example, in
7250:
4307:
4795:
4276:
2446:. Besides their purpose as quick help reference this can be used in batchjobs to query the facilities of the underlying command-line processor.
2434:
at the prompt (which is also accepted by newer versions of DR-DOS COMMAND.COM); internal commands can be individually disabled or reenabled via
2893:
While most non-expert computer users now use a GUI almost exclusively, more advanced users have access to powerful command-line environments:
4513:
4068:
3005:
has been ported to
Windows CE machines; the most recent release is almost identical to MS-DOS 6.22 and can also run Windows 1, 2, and 3.0,
763:. CLIs are also used by systems with insufficient resources to support a graphical user interface. Some computer language systems (such as
2745:
From the 1960s onwards, user interaction with computers was primarily by means of command-line interfaces, initially on machines like the
5116:
3241:, albeit in many cases the language is unique to the particular command-line interpreter.) They will interpret scripts (variously termed
3002:
3721:
3257:, in addition to their own, allowing the executing of scripts, in those languages, directly within the command-line interpreter itself.
6315:
4766:
3846:
4845:
4624:
4591:
4381:
196:
found in a GUI. It may be difficult for a new user to become familiar with all the commands and options available, compared with the
1559:
A few representative samples of command-line options, all relating to listing files in a directory, to illustrate some conventions:
1147:) is a sequence of (one or more) characters used in a command-line interface to indicate readiness to accept commands. It literally
5088:
3541:
3478:
2902:
2515:
can cause problems as it has two distinct and incompatible functions: as part of a command or parameter, or as a parameter or name
1812:
Sometimes options and their arguments are run together, sometimes separated by whitespace, and sometimes by a character, typically
6814:
6804:
5082:
3472:
3303:
The command line provides an interface between programs as well as the user. In this sense, a command line is an alternative to a
2398:
If more detailed help is necessary than provided by a program's built-in internal help, many systems support a dedicated external
2324:, etc.) or they give just a short help on help parameters with question mark and a longer help screen for the other help options.
493:
to describe the technique of using commands like a programming language, and wrote a paper about how to implement the idea in the
6994:
5643:
5000:
4935:
4483:
4440:
3537:
2038:
1367:
822:
719:
4740:
4014:
3684:
3595:
2905:
and
Acceler8 DCL Lite. Unix command shells have been ported to VMS and DOS/Windows 95 and Windows NT types of operating systems.
954:, defines their own proprietary set of rules. These rules also dictate how a user navigates through the system of commands. The
3979:
1504:, a single hyphen used in place of a file name is a special value specifying that a program should handle data coming from the
181:
that can take parameters and variable options. A command-line history can be kept, allowing review or repetition of commands.
7340:
5445:
5416:
3777:
3767:
1602:
Note the
Directory command name is not case sensitive, and can be abbreviated to as few letters as required to remain unique.
465:
programs, and could not easily be replaced. The first implementation of the shell as a replaceable component was part of the
989:
that a user must figure out a complex command or series of commands only once, because they can be saved, to be used again.
311:
CLIs. Under most operating systems, it is possible to replace the default shell program with alternatives; examples include
3521:
is the number of the page). Additionally, help for specific commands can be displayed by specifying the command name after
879:
commands are recognized and processed by the command line interpreter. Internal commands are also called built-in commands.
4113:
3253:
that they interpret. Some command-line interpreters also incorporate the interpreter engines of other languages, such as
2804:
the output of one command in as input to another. Unix also had the capability to save and re-run strings of commands as
2305:
character is accepted as alternative path delimiter also at the DOS command line, programs may misinterpret options like
1916:
130:
4911:
3918:
331:, as defined in the SHELL=EXPLORER.EXE line in the WIN.INI configuration file. These programs are shells, but not CLIs.
7449:
6948:
2443:
664:, which is found in the Utilities sub-folder of the Applications folder, or by remotely logging into the machine using
1089:
The command line allows one to restrict available commands, such as access to advanced internal commands. The
Windows
353:
An application program may support none, any, or all of these three major types of command-line interface mechanisms:
4669:
3442:
2604:
2060:
1479:
1393:
844:
745:
4132:
1375:
727:
5220:
5164:
3387:, can process command-lines normally meant for the shell, the output being placed directly in the document window.
3238:
2407:" command (or similar), which accepts a command name as calling parameter and will invoke an external help system.
4694:
4061:"NWDOS-TIPs – Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds"
3627:
6268:
6263:
5139:
5109:
4715:
1921:
435:
3742:
7444:
7245:
6968:
6308:
5332:
5230:
3261:
2866:
2788:
2042:
1371:
915:
826:
723:
360:: Most command-line interfaces support a means to pass additional information to a program when it is launched.
1649:
display in long format files and directories beginning with "D" (but not "d"), sorted by size (largest first).
5610:
5159:
5144:
3276:
3234:
3089:
2715:
2422:
prompt instead of a command itself will display a dynamically generated list of available internal commands;
2167:
1475:
764:
497:
operating system. Pouzin returned to his native France in 1965, and the first Multics shell was developed by
241:
4816:
4170:
1729:, with its shortened keywords (e.g., STRG for STRINGRANGE and DCL for DECLARE). For example, in the Multics
7074:
5205:
5190:
5149:
3437:
2798:
operating system adapted the concept of a powerful command-line environment, and introduced the ability to
768:
17:
5621:
4534:
4338:
3198:
compatibility system attached to Linux kernel of the subsystem alongside default Shell with exec commands.
2764:
All of these devices were purely text based, with no ability to display graphic or pictures. For business
2007:, will accept the /? option to list available options, and yet the list will specify the "-" convention).
7434:
7385:
6989:
6571:
6104:
5636:
5371:
5318:
5050:
5025:
4120:
The shell has four different command prompts, called PS1, P52, P53, and PS4. PS stands for Prompt String.
3280:
3093:
1965:
1471:
1467:
788:
373:
6753:
6748:
5386:
5225:
5102:
4413:
3817:
3169:
3097:
1725:, command-line options and subsystem keywords may be abbreviated. This idea appears to derive from the
1501:
1470:, allow a program to interpret the command-line arguments by handling them as string parameters in the
977:
404:
computer program, are available via the CLI, whereas the MATLAB GUI exposes only a subset of features.
86:, as an interactive and more user-friendly alternative to the non-interactive interface available with
32:
4869:
4317:
7429:
7114:
7109:
7049:
6301:
6240:
6210:
5421:
5240:
5200:
5195:
5154:
4477:
4286:
3942:
3029:
2947:
1999:
1726:
653:
634:
288:
184:
A command-line system may require paper or online manuals for the user's reference, although often a
169:
138:
1974:
to allow portable batchjobs to be written. Several external DR-DOS commands additionally support an
7454:
7140:
6293:
6225:
5464:
5351:
5215:
4787:
3369:
2898:
1459:
1356:
708:
575:
439:
244:
94:
1265:
variable (Prompt String 1), although other variables also may affect the prompt (depending on the
384:). Command lines from client processes may be redirected to a CLI program by one of these methods.
5210:
4855:
4373:
4141:
3329:
2640:
2591:-based operating systems minimize the use of embedded spaces to minimize the need for quotes. In
2031:
1360:
815:
712:
408:
5829:
5819:
4505:
4218:
4194:
4060:
487:
tool for executing command scripts while allowing argument substitution. Pouzin coined the term
177:
line editing and history mechanisms for storing frequently used sequences; this may extend to a
6702:
6420:
6281:
5986:
5629:
5537:
5426:
5406:
5355:
5313:
3268:
2595:, one often has to use quotes because embedded spaces (such as in directory names) are common.
980:
that can be changed to customize the results. Useful command lines can be saved by assigning a
760:
476:
2839:, the command-line began to borrow some of the syntax and features of the Unix shells such as
1671:
1653:
Note spaces are required around all arguments and options, but some can be run together, e.g.
427:. Early computer systems often used teleprinter as the means of interaction with an operator.
366:: After launch, a program may provide an operator with an independent means to enter commands.
350:
Application programs (as opposed to operating systems) may also have command-line interfaces.
7408:
6913:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
5381:
5347:
5249:
5185:
4748:
3709:
3452:
3213:
2950:
include Korn and the Bourne shells along with a Perl interpreter (Services for UNIX contains
1101:
605:), which combined features of traditional Unix shells with their proprietary object-oriented
455:
4762:
4612:
4579:
3842:
3649:
7403:
7398:
7296:
7064:
6707:
6156:
5578:
5552:
4105:
3457:
3365:
3250:
2765:
2681:
2664:
2656:
1975:
1945:
1544:
in DOS, which have the same effect of listing the DIR command's available options, whereas
1231:
904:
618:
583:
579:
320:
2725:
The earliest computers did not support interactive input/output devices, often relying on
1928:. General Software's Embedded DOS provides a SWITCH command for the same purpose, whereas
504:
8:
7195:
6973:
6918:
6425:
5547:
5499:
5376:
4436:
4028:(NB. A retyped version of the manual by Emmanuel Roche with Q, SR, and Z commands added.)
3502:
3447:
3420:
applications, that allow to give access to server command line interface from a browser.
3349:
1486:
656:. On these computers, users can access a Unix-like command-line interface by running the
419:
The command-line interface evolved from a form of communication conducted by people over
108:
79:
3335:
1258:
can be used to override the automatic default and explicitly switch to the older style.
1057:
will redirect the output and append it to the file. Another redirection operator is the
1045:
an object or objects (typically one or more files) on which the command should act. The
431:
6900:
6890:
6641:
5484:
5391:
5074:
4654:
3126:
3048:
and other software packages. Available shells for these interoperability tools include
2754:
2616:
1839:
Some programs allow single-character options to be combined; others do not. The switch
598:
548:
401:
193:
178:
4996:
3180:
that was used in older Android versions, supplemented with commands from the separate
2811:
The command-line was also the main interface for the early home computers such as the
1622:
display ownership of files whose names begin with "D", sorted by size, smallest first.
578:. The command line remained available as an alternative user interface, often used by
7165:
6566:
6483:
6472:
6324:
5593:
5542:
5474:
5431:
5272:
4665:
4109:
4004:
3893:
3773:
3676:
3368:
too, so the normal type of file for the shell used for stdin, stdout and stderr is a
2746:
2730:
2704:
2592:
2185:
2004:
1668:
1176:
1136:"Command prompt" redirects here. For the Windows component named Command Prompt, see
1124:
657:
571:
489:
447:
280:
234:
153:
134:
83:
37:
4889:
3966:
3867:
3221:
2526:), or by enclosing a name with embedded spaces between quote characters or using an
1077:
One can modify the set of available commands by modifying which paths appear in the
574:
on PCs saw the command line interface as the primary user interface replaced by the
442:
replaced the traditional – minicomputer + terminals –
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2189:
981:
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661:
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411:
from 1975, the user uses a CLI to enter one or two words to explore a cave system.
389:
377:
197:
141:
126:
101:
98:
75:
4535:"The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Chapter 12.1 Utility Argument Syntax"
783:) provide an interactive command-line mode to allow for rapid evaluation of code.
423:(TTY) machines. Sometimes these involved sending an order or a confirmation using
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A web browser's URL input field can be used as a command line. It can be used to
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require the option to be preceded by at least one space (and is case-sensitive).
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each define their own set of rules that all commands must follow. In the case of
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were used, but for more general interaction the command line was the interface.
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2438:. In addition to this, some newer versions of DR-DOS COMMAND.COM also accept a
2400:
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Early microcomputers themselves were based on a command-line interface such as
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221:
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41:
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interpreter. When more powerful business oriented microcomputers arrived with
1964:
to display the current setting. COMMAND.COM since DR-DOS 7.02 also provides a
1324:. One can also access the same commands from other command lines (such as the
1148:
873:
Command — provided by the user. Commands are usually one of two classes:
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7335:
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5262:
4936:"Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T"
4661:
4313:
4282:
3417:
3353:
3287:), can be used to implement command-line interpreters and filters. For a few
3086:
has two interactive shells, Tclsh and Wish, the latter being the GUI version.
2901:
language, has been ported to Windows systems at least three times, including
2812:
2805:
2644:
2230:
2192:, etc. operating systems, as well as the version of CLI that came with their
2171:
951:
189:
87:
60:
1847:, or it may be incorrect, or it may even be a valid but different parameter.
450: — PC software that interpreted terminal signals sent through the PC's
51:
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3057:
3021:
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2181:
2078:
1979:
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1058:
992:
The commands given to a CLI shell are often in one of the following forms:
535:
527:
508:
480:
469:
443:
328:
260:
217:
149:
4258:; Paul, Matthias R.; Dye, Charles E.; Georgiev, Luchezar I. (2002-02-27).
2112:
where more descriptive option names are used. This is a common feature of
1151:
the user to take action. A prompt usually ends with one of the characters
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7004:
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6125:
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5522:
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The Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary user interface…
4569:(NB. Conventions for describing commands on Unix-like operating systems.)
4433:
4421:
4255:
3534:
3499:
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3037:
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2520:
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2147:
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1957:
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1760:) while others may have some specific abbreviations pre-programmed (e.g.
451:
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122:, which are programs that read command-lines and carry out the commands.
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2643:
a sequence of lines of text which may be entered by a user, read from a
7205:
7104:
7094:
6352:
5941:
5900:
5703:
5673:
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4309:
DR-DOS 7.03 WHATSNEW.TXT — Changes from DR-DOS 7.02 to DR-DOS 7.03
4251:
3619:
3413:
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3304:
3246:
3130:
3025:
3017:
2995:
2988:
2954:
2924:
2916:
2882:
2858:
2045: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1925:
1410:
An MS-DOS command line, illustrating parsing into command and arguments
1266:
1227:
1082:
1069:
where the output of one command becomes the input to the next command.
829: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
519:
381:
343:
256:
56:
3104:, and other interpreters also have command shells for interactive use.
3020:
provides a command-line interface, but its applets are not written in
2511:
In many areas of computing, but particularly in the command line, the
1556:
tell where the command name ends and its arguments and options begin.
1175:
and often includes other information, such as the path of the current
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4912:"调测 - Shell介绍 - 《华为鸿蒙操作系统(OpenHarmony) v1.0 开发者文档》 - 书栈网 · BookStack"
4620:
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2020:
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in COMMAND.COM) or user-defined via batch scripts and aliases (e.g.
1345:
804:
697:
621:
packages for Windows that offer a Unix-like CLI. Microsoft provides
307:
programs, the latter groups being based heavily on DEC's RSX-11 and
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commonly employ a small syntax to describe the valid command form:
2455:
2293:
2281:
2204:
on some arguments to control the way they are interpreted, such as
1180:
1012:
doSomething how | doSomething how | doSomething how > outputFile
622:
1698:, that modifies the meaning of that argument, while /S and /E are
1081:
environment variable. Under Unix, commands also need be marked as
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7309:
7281:
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7266:
7240:
7230:
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4460:
FreeKEYB - Advanced international DOS keyboard and console driver
3394:
3163:
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3013:
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1993:
1904:
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1313:
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911:
delimiter. This is a widely used (but not universal) convention.
908:
903:
In this format, the delimiters between command-line elements are
669:
494:
466:
304:
276:
268:
248:
164:
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was added to allow the operator to communicate with the system.
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6923:
6839:
6809:
6779:
6616:
6561:
6457:
6410:
5936:
5678:
4874:
4850:
4098:
Parker, Steve (2011). "Chapter 11: Choosing and using shells".
3402:
3284:
3237:, to various extents. (They are, after all, interpreters of an
3083:
3033:
3006:
2969:
2920:
2912:
2874:
2836:
2139:
2118:
1868:
1406:
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style, unless used on floppy drives A: or B:; on those systems
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command or by directly changing the value of the corresponding
1030:
943:
614:
484:
397:
339:
308:
252:
5046:
5021:
3473:
Graphical user interface § Comparison to other interfaces
3356:
book of the same name, is a teletype-style command-line game.
3209:
and many others are commonly configured from the command line.
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7220:
7190:
7029:
6865:
6743:
6692:
6636:
6606:
6504:
6488:
6451:
6415:
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5683:
5532:
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3321:
3315:
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3065:
2824:
2570:"Long path/Long program name" "Parameter one" "Parameter two"
2392:
2388:
2379:
1970:
1884:
1766:
1463:
926:
is the grammar that all commands must follow. In the case of
780:
645:
610:
424:
204:
of a graphical user interface, without reference to manuals.
3533:
etc.). Some of these features were already supported by the
3498:
An example is the comprehensive internal help system of the
2888:
2581:
Long\ path/Long\ program\ name Parameter\ one Parameter\ two
1690:
list every attribute for files created before 26 April 1980.
1320:
symbol, and thus (OS) CLI commands are often referred to as
6999:
6943:
6220:
6194:
6130:
6051:
5946:
5931:
5890:
5880:
5824:
5652:
3894:"How to set your $ PATH variable in Linux | Opensource.com"
3272:
3265:
3254:
3145:
3111:
3101:
3041:
2981:
2828:
2795:
2758:
2718:
2707:
ASR teleprinter keyboard with punched tape reader and punch
2699:
2685:
2588:
2427:
2423:
2157:
2128:
command are usually used for parsing command-line options.
2108:). Double hyphen-minuses are also sometimes used to prefix
2105:
1929:
1856:
1781:
1775:
1429:
1187:
1022:
935:
870:— generated by the program to provide context for the user.
776:
772:
673:
555:
316:
312:
300:
284:
272:
225:
212:
2651:. The context of interpretation is usually one of a given
2010:
1907:/AX=3700h). The default character returned by this API is
159:
6021:
5921:
5865:
5763:
5568:
3717:
3554:
3292:
3076:
3069:
2854:
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2200:
as the switch character, is case-insensitive, and allows
2113:
2082:
1852:
1297:
931:
665:
559:
292:
4101:
Shell Scripting: Expert Recipes for Linux, Bash and more
3943:"Learning the bash Shell, Second Edition [Book]"
3553:
Notable difference for describing the command syntax of
1436:
environments, an example of a command-line argument is:
461:
Early operating system CLIs were implemented as part of
5743:
4268:
3561:
command, while there is no problem with angle brackets.
2961:
for versions 1 and 2 and a shell compiled by Microsoft)
2850:
The command-line was first seriously challenged by the
2558:
Long_path/Long_program_name Parameter_one Parameter_two
2553:
part of the program name, or two parameters?); however
2543:
Long path/Long program name Parameter one Parameter two
2340:
would be another parameter supported by the program)).
2100:
Two hyphen-minus characters without following letters (
82:. Command-line interfaces emerged in the mid-1960s, on
4506:"DRDOSTIP.TXT – Tips und Tricks für DR DOS 3.41 - 5.0"
4249:
4054:
3650:"Say Bonjour to the Internet's Long-Lost French Uncle"
2134:
566:. During the 1980s and 1990s, the introduction of the
334:
5091:: Microsoft TechNet Database "Command-Line Reference"
4605:
4453:
4451:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
3529:
will invoke help for the various dump commands (like
2233:, typically when invoked with no arguments or one of
1936:. Under DR-DOS, if the setting has been changed from
534:
and was modeled after Schroeder's Multics shell. The
104:
lack GUIs, and are intended to be used through CLIs.
97:("GUIs") instead of CLIs. However, many programs and
4572:
4278:
DELTREE.BAT R1.01 Extended file and directory delete
3016:
interface to alternate programs, from command-line.
857:
The general pattern of a command line interface is:
582:
and other advanced users for system administration,
4300:
3513:overview). Specific help pages can be selected via
1899:) to be used is defined by a value returned from a
1598:
command to also display the ownership of the files.
1447:is a command-line argument which tells the program
1250:, although on some systems this produces the newer
914:A CLI can generally be considered as consisting of
434:, a keyboard and screen emulating the teleprinter.
168:
A graphical user interface with icons and windows (
4653:
4497:
4448:
4407:
4405:
4031:
3509:at the debug prompt (rather than only the default
2564:LongPath/LongProgramName ParameterOne ParameterTwo
2177:COPY source file a target file b (REPLACE OLDDATE)
446:architecture, hardware terminals were replaced by
4788:"master - platform/external/mksh - Git at Google"
4733:
4458:Paul, Matthias R.; Frinke, Axel C. (2006-01-16).
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
3835:
2994:Yet another cmd.exe is a stripped-down shell for
2787:, building on earlier, simpler facilities in the
1694:Note the /B at the end of the date argument is a
7421:
4942:. 2013-10-30. Using the Command-Line Interface.
4716:"Remembering Windows 95's launch 15 years later"
4474:CCI Multiuser DOS 7.22 GOLD Online Documentation
4367:
4365:
4363:
3298:
3079:have a shell for interactive use called php-cli.
2442:command to display a list of available built-in
1269:used). In the Bash shell, a prompt of the form:
125:Alternatives to CLIs include GUIs (most notably
5081:March 1983. Archived at Patersontech.com since
4862:
4755:
4638:
4402:
4104:. Programmer to programmer. Indianapolis, USA:
1328:command line), by preceding the command with a
4527:
4236:
1072:
1007:doSomething how < inputFile > outputFile
240:Examples of command-line interpreters include
6309:
5637:
5110:
4644:
4466:
4360:
4080:(NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on
3997:
3194:and Oniro uses the commands from third party
3162:implementation of the Unix shell, as part of
2897:The default VAX/VMS command shell, using the
2449:
1915:from this call (unless one of many available
1033:(for example, should the command be executed
965:A simple CLI will display a prompt, accept a
430:The mechanical teleprinter was replaced by a
4780:
3668:
3614:
3612:
3359:The most notable of these interfaces is the
3327:There are a number of text mode games, like
2680:Many graphical interfaces, such as the OS/2
1986:However, many programs are hardwired to use
1626:Note spaces around argument d* are required.
4809:
4168:
4091:
3959:
3916:
3176:shell, which replaces a shell derived from
2598:
1374:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
726:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
6316:
6302:
6276:
5644:
5630:
5117:
5103:
4838:
4457:
4125:
3843:"Microsoft Windows Command Shell Overview"
3588:
1790:Options may be indicated by either of the
1234:. The default of most modern systems, the
1002:doSomething how sourceFile destinationFile
372:: Most operating systems support means of
4928:
4171:"Windows Terminal command line arguments"
3609:
3220:shell, which is similar in design to the
3114:as its default interactive shell for the
2889:Modern usage as an operating system shell
2865:. A few computer users used GUIs such as
2061:Learn how and when to remove this message
1394:Learn how and when to remove this message
1221:users can modify the prompt by issuing a
845:Learn how and when to remove this message
794:
746:Learn how and when to remove this message
4708:
4462:(User Manual) (v7 preliminary ed.).
4067:. Release 157 (in German) (3 ed.).
3683:. Stanford Computer Science Department.
3674:
3641:
3479:In the Beginning... Was the Command Line
2710:
2698:
2378:
1782:Option conventions in DOS, Windows, OS/2
1710:
1405:
1217:In DOS' COMMAND.COM and in Windows NT's
1123:
896:
503:
338:
216:
213:Operating system command-line interfaces
163:
50:
31:
4960:
4482:(NB. The symbolic instruction debugger
3233:Most command-line interpreters support
2823: – almost always in the form of a
2011:Option conventions in Unix-like systems
160:Comparison to graphical user interfaces
14:
7422:
4989:
4678:
4617:Windows Server 2008 R2 TechNet Library
4097:
3769:Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach
2506:
2217:
1802:, or either may be allowed. See below.
1515:
1238:style is obtained, for instance, with
863:command param1 param2 param3 … paramN
672:is the default shell for macOS; Bash,
7440:History of human–computer interaction
6297:
5625:
5124:
5098:
5079:Softalk for the IBM Personal Computer
4339:"Argument Syntax (The GNU C Library)"
3765:
3707:
3703:
3701:
1932:allows the setting to be changed via
1202:if the user is a normal user, but in
907:and the end-of-line delimiter is the
107:Knowledge of CLIs is also useful for
4503:
4411:
4371:
4274:
4058:
3647:
3345:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
3129:have the Bash implementation of the
2779:introduced the concept and the name
2043:adding citations to reliable sources
2014:
1458:Some programming languages, such as
1372:adding citations to reliable sources
1339:
1277:could be set by issuing the command
1242:. The default of older DOS systems,
969:typed by the user terminated by the
827:adding citations to reliable sources
798:
724:adding citations to reliable sources
691:
6963:
4763:"Windows POSIX shell compatibility"
3810:
3564:
3547:
3492:
2911:is the command-line interpreter of
2729:and lights to communicate with the
2430:support the same feature by typing
2135:Option conventions in other systems
1478:, expose operating system specific
867:
860:
335:Application command-line interfaces
93:Today, most computer users rely on
74:) is a means of interacting with a
24:
4684:
3743:"Graphical User Interface History"
3698:
3505:command, which can be invoked via
3028:are also available as part of the
3001:An MS-DOS type interpreter called
2964:IBM OS/2 (and derivatives such as
2808:which acted like custom commands.
1702:, i.e. apply to the whole command.
346:'s GUI with command-line interface
78:by inputting lines of text called
25:
7466:
5068:
4968:"Command-Line Interface Overview"
4817:"Android adb shell - ash or ksh?"
4504:Paul, Matthias R. (1997-05-24) .
3794:"1. Command line and environment"
3677:"MULTICS - The First Seven Years"
3443:List of command-line interpreters
3140:and some Linux distributions use
2605:List of command-line interpreters
1119:
1112:, the user might use the command
364:Interactive command-line sessions
27:Computer interface that uses text
6275:
6254:
6253:
5221:Object-oriented operating system
4656:The UNIX Programming Environment
4584:Windows Server 2003 Product Help
4486:provides a short help screen on
4412:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-01-09).
4372:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-05-13).
4275:Paul, Matthias R. (1998-01-09).
4219:"Command Line Arguments in Java"
4059:Paul, Matthias R. (1997-07-30).
3239:interpreted programming language
2694:
2488:cp <source1> <dest>
2019:
1983:to override the system setting.
1940:, the first directory separator
1344:
803:
696:
5053:from the original on 2021-05-07
5039:
5028:from the original on 2021-04-20
5014:
5003:from the original on 2014-03-04
4978:from the original on 2003-09-08
4946:from the original on 2016-11-18
4904:
4882:
4827:from the original on 2017-07-02
4798:from the original on 2016-01-21
4769:from the original on 2017-07-03
4722:from the original on 2015-02-18
4697:from the original on 2017-12-21
4627:from the original on 2013-05-04
4594:from the original on 2012-07-12
4545:from the original on 2013-04-30
4516:from the original on 2016-11-07
4384:from the original on 2018-09-10
4349:from the original on 2021-06-18
4331:
4211:
4187:
4162:
4151:from the original on 2017-01-09
4071:from the original on 2017-09-10
4017:from the original on 2019-10-20
4006:SID-86 User's Guide for CP/M-86
3985:from the original on 2019-10-20
3935:
3910:
3885:
3860:
3849:from the original on 2015-09-05
3824:from the original on 2010-12-03
3772:. Addison-Wesley Professional.
3724:from the original on 2017-07-08
3687:from the original on 2014-11-23
3630:from the original on 2017-12-21
3401:, as well as perform a search.
3262:scripting programming languages
2211:
2030:needs additional citations for
1952:will change to a forward slash
1452:
1444:
814:needs additional citations for
761:operating system command shells
5231:Supercomputer operating system
4891:openharmony/third_party_toybox
3868:"Shell Built-in Commands List"
3786:
3759:
3735:
3710:"Evolution of shells in Linux"
3264:, in particular those with an
2789:Compatible Time-Sharing System
2122:function and program, and the
1304:variable controls an optional
1261:Many Unix systems feature the
1210:("root" in Unix terminology).
1194:, the prompt commonly ends in
892:
13:
1:
4195:"Command Line Arguments in C"
4013:. August 1982 . SID86UG.WS4.
3891:
3675:Mazières, David (Fall 2004).
3581:
3299:Other command-line interfaces
2980:commands, with extensions to
2410:In the DR-DOS family, typing
2282:command-line option character
2168:Conversational Monitor System
2081:begins options; the new (and
1737:parameter can be abbreviated
1132:after switch-on or hard reset
5206:Just enough operating system
5191:Distributed operating system
4480:(CCI). 1997-02-10. HELP.HLP.
3438:Comparison of command shells
3399:access browser configuration
3228:
3012:Windows users might use the
2991:stream of operating systems.
2877:users did not replace their
2530:before the space, usually a
2444:pseudo-environment variables
1960:also support a PROMPT token
1335:
1096:Some CLIs, such as those in
789:refreshable Braille displays
7:
5319:User space and kernel space
4565:Conventions and Miscellany
4512:(in German) (47 ed.).
4144:. 1992-03-01. p. 125.
3431:
3122:as default scripting shell.
2976:processor. This copies the
1966:pseudo-environment variable
1548:(in many versions of Unix)
1502:Unix-like operating systems
1474:. Other languages, such as
1073:CLI and resource protection
374:inter-process communication
370:Inter-process communication
10:
7471:
5226:Real-time operating system
5022:"jQuery Terminal Emulator"
4490:and comprehensive help on
4439:is still based on the old
4316:1998-12-24. Archived from
4169:nguyen-dows (2024-05-29).
3917:JasonGerend (2023-02-03).
3766:Singh, Amit (2006-06-19).
3681:Advanced Operating Systems
3216:operating system uses the
2857:approach used in the 1983
2602:
2450:Command description syntax
2221:
2089:hyphens then a word (e.g.
1714:
1143:A command prompt (or just
1135:
1049:in the third example is a
680:are also provided. Before
633:for Windows through their
414:
114:CLIs are made possible by
7450:User interface techniques
7394:
7323:
7295:
7259:
7123:
6982:
6899:
6848:
6767:
6731:
6665:
6554:
6513:
6403:
6366:
6338:
6249:
6203:
6155:
6139:
6118:
6075:
5914:
5858:
5807:
5666:
5561:
5498:
5444:
5422:Multilevel feedback queue
5417:Fixed-priority preemptive
5405:
5340:
5331:
5301:
5248:
5239:
5201:Hobbyist operating system
5196:Embedded operating system
5178:
5132:
4997:"Google strange goodness"
4894:, OpenHarmony, 2021-10-14
4687:"The Origin of the Shell"
4613:"Command-Line Syntax Key"
4478:Concurrent Controls, Inc.
3648:Metz, Cade (2013-01-03).
3620:"The Origin of the Shell"
3144:. Previously, macOS used
3024:. Implementations of the
2948:Windows Services for UNIX
2794:From the early 1970s the
2292:, programs may query the
2207:MAC/U LIB/S A B C $ LPT/L
1727:PL/I programming language
1451:to remove the file named
139:text-based user interface
116:command-line interpreters
95:graphical user interfaces
5465:General protection fault
5216:Network operating system
5170:User features comparison
4870:"Android toolbox source"
4792:android.googlesource.com
4580:"Command shell overview"
4374:"[fd-dev] mkeyb"
3708:Jones, M. (2011-12-06).
3485:
3158:) devices often use the
2733:. This was adequate for
2629:command-line interpreter
2599:Command-line interpreter
2454:Built-in usage help and
1482:(functionality) through
1438:
1316:the command prompt is a
1279:
1271:
687:
684:, Bash was the default.
652:operating system called
597:released version 1.0 of
576:Graphical User Interface
440:microcomputer revolution
245:DIGITAL Command Language
207:
5211:Mobile operating system
4142:Acorn Computers Limited
3379:Programs like the OS/2
2987:cmd.exe is part of the
2881:shell with a GUI until
2749:ASR, but then on early
2085:) convention is to use
1891:(sometimes abbreviated
1805:They may or may not be
1756:as an abbreviation for
1291:' \u@\H: \W $ '
997:doSomething how toFiles
942:, each vendor, such as
779:, and many dialects of
547:(ash), and the popular
409:Colossal Cave Adventure
120:command-line processors
36:Screenshot of a sample
6367:File system navigation
6269:Unix SUS2008 utilities
6264:Standard Unix programs
5656:command-line interface
5314:Loadable kernel module
5089:Command-Line Reference
4741:"A history of Windows"
3570:With the exception of
2957:in later versions and
2885:was released in 1995.
2835:computers such as the
2722:
2708:
2625:
2478:mkdir <dirname>
2395:
2210:has the global option
1944:in the display of the
1871:since 5.0, as well as
1495:command-line arguments
1411:
1133:
1100:, have a hierarchy of
795:Anatomy of a shell CLI
515:
477:MIT Computation Center
392:around a separate CLI
347:
229:
173:
68:command-line interface
63:
48:
7445:Software architecture
7409:Windows Support Tools
7404:Environment variables
5382:Process control block
5348:Computer multitasking
5186:Disk operating system
4745:windows.microsoft.com
4261:4DOS 8.00 online help
4106:John Wiley & Sons
3453:Interpreter directive
3310:Programs like BASIC,
2919:, and clones such as
2714:
2702:
2667:that is interpreted.
2608:
2468:ping <hostname>
2382:
1863:, the forward slash (
1843:may mean the same as
1711:Abbreviating commands
1416:command-line argument
1409:
1273:user@host:work_dir$
1127:
905:whitespace characters
580:system administrators
507:
456:Bulletin Board System
342:
220:
167:
54:
35:
7399:List of DOS commands
7297:Software development
7124:Maintenance and care
6157:Software development
5553:Virtual tape library
5145:Forensic engineering
4660:. Englewood Cliffs:
4134:RISC OS 3 User Guide
3818:"GNU BASH Reference"
3798:Python documentation
3458:Read-eval-print loop
3154:(and other embedded
2873:but the majority of
2766:application programs
2682:Presentation Manager
2657:programming language
2472:square brackets for
2387:command output from
2284:can be changed from
2170:(CMS) uses a single
2039:improve this article
1976:environment variable
1508:or send data to the
1489:, and in particular
1368:improve this section
1246:is obtained by just
1232:environment variable
1051:redirection operator
823:improve this article
720:improve this section
648:has been based on a
601:(formerly codenamed
584:computer programming
5562:Supporting concepts
5548:Virtual file system
4846:"Android sh source"
4646:Kernighan, Brian W.
4175:learn.microsoft.com
3923:learn.microsoft.com
3448:Console application
3383:and some other IBM
3350:interactive fiction
3127:Linux distributions
3075:Implementations of
2647:or another kind of
2587:are not ambiguous.
2507:The space character
2462:angle brackets for
2218:Built-in usage help
2184:'s CLI under their
2077:systems, the ASCII
1685:List /S/E 4-26-80/B
1678:list/e/s 04-26-80/b
1522:command-line option
1516:Command-line option
1065:), which creates a
526:, was developed by
224:'s CommandShell in
7435:Computing commands
6353:Windows PowerShell
5485:Segmentation fault
5333:Process management
4250:Brothers, Hardin;
3978:. 1978. 595-2549.
3624:www.multicians.org
3068:and less commonly
2755:computer terminals
2723:
2709:
2617:Brian W. Kernighan
2492:vertical bars for
2396:
2301:and therefore the
1412:
1192:derivative systems
1134:
599:Windows PowerShell
593:In November 2006,
549:Bourne-again shell
516:
448:terminal emulators
402:numerical analysis
348:
321:4NT / Take Command
230:
179:scripting language
174:
154:keyboard shortcuts
84:computer terminals
64:
57:Windows PowerShell
49:
7417:
7416:
6291:
6290:
5619:
5618:
5475:Memory protection
5446:Memory management
5440:
5439:
5432:Shortest job next
5327:
5326:
5126:Operating systems
4821:stackoverflow.com
3779:978-0-13-270226-3
3416:. There are also
3366:devices are files
3289:operating systems
3249:) written in the
2747:Teletype Model 33
2731:computer operator
2705:Teletype Model 33
2637:computer programs
2593:Microsoft Windows
2549:is ambiguous (is
2071:
2070:
2063:
2005:Microsoft Windows
1792:switch characters
1708:
1707:
1704:
1669:Data General RDOS
1663:
1628:
1604:
1571:Valid alternative
1528:(also known as a
1404:
1403:
1396:
1206:if the user is a
1177:working directory
1021:is, in effect, a
928:operating systems
855:
854:
847:
756:
755:
748:
658:terminal emulator
644:operating system
635:Services for UNIX
572:Microsoft Windows
436:"Smart" terminals
299:, as well as the
135:Microsoft Windows
127:desktop metaphors
16:(Redirected from
7462:
7430:Windows commands
6768:User environment
6358:Recovery Console
6318:
6311:
6304:
6295:
6294:
6279:
6278:
6257:
6256:
5859:User environment
5646:
5639:
5632:
5623:
5622:
5574:Computer network
5338:
5337:
5246:
5245:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5096:
5095:
5075:The Roots of DOS
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5047:"DuckDuckGo TTY"
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4916:www.bookstack.cn
4908:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4854:. Archived from
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4747:. Archived from
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4659:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4576:
4570:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4429:
4428:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4390:
4389:
4369:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4247:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4199:www.w3schools.in
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4139:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4095:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4056:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4011:Digital Research
4001:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3976:Digital Research
3973:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3598:. Archived from
3592:
3575:
3568:
3562:
3551:
3545:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3496:
3361:standard streams
3336:King's Quest 1-3
3046:Hamilton C shell
3030:POSIX sub-system
2690:
2674:
2653:operating system
2635:) is applied to
2623:
2582:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2544:
2537:
2528:escape character
2525:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2386:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2287:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2199:
2178:
2172:left parenthesis
2163:
2153:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2023:
2015:
2003:, supplied with
2002:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1914:
1910:
1889:switch character
1866:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1834:Prog -f=Filename
1831:
1830:Prog -f:Filename
1827:
1826:Prog -f Filename
1823:
1819:
1815:
1801:
1797:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1600:
1591:
1586:
1565:Operating system
1562:
1561:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1492:
1485:
1454:
1446:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1348:
1340:
1331:
1319:
1303:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1064:
1056:
1048:
982:character string
948:Juniper Networks
940:embedded systems
850:
843:
839:
836:
830:
807:
799:
751:
744:
740:
737:
731:
700:
692:
640:Since 2001, the
588:batch processing
499:Glenda Schroeder
473:operating system
463:resident monitor
378:standard streams
303:and the Windows
99:operating system
76:computer program
59:1.0, running on
21:
7470:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7455:User interfaces
7420:
7419:
7418:
7413:
7390:
7319:
7291:
7260:Boot management
7255:
7119:
6978:
6895:
6844:
6763:
6727:
6661:
6555:Disk management
6550:
6509:
6404:File management
6399:
6362:
6334:
6322:
6292:
6287:
6245:
6199:
6151:
6135:
6114:
6071:
5915:Text processing
5910:
5854:
5803:
5662:
5650:
5620:
5615:
5557:
5518:Defragmentation
5503:
5494:
5480:Protection ring
5449:
5436:
5408:
5401:
5323:
5297:
5235:
5174:
5128:
5123:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5056:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5031:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4981:
4979:
4972:www.juniper.net
4966:
4965:
4961:
4949:
4947:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4920:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4897:
4895:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4828:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4801:
4799:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4725:
4723:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4700:
4698:
4685:Pouzin, Louis.
4683:
4679:
4672:
4643:
4639:
4630:
4628:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4597:
4595:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4555:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4519:
4517:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4487:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4456:
4449:
4426:
4424:
4410:
4403:
4387:
4385:
4370:
4361:
4352:
4350:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4323:
4321:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4292:
4290:
4273:
4269:
4248:
4237:
4228:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4179:
4177:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4115:978-111816632-1
4108:. p. 262.
4096:
4092:
4074:
4072:
4057:
4032:
4020:
4018:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3971:
3968:SID Users Guide
3965:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3949:
3947:www.oreilly.com
3941:
3940:
3936:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3911:
3902:
3900:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3802:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3764:
3760:
3751:
3749:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3725:
3706:
3699:
3690:
3688:
3673:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3646:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3602:on 2007-11-08.
3594:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3569:
3565:
3552:
3548:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3434:
3301:
3291:, most notably
3271:(such as REXX,
3231:
2891:
2863:Apple Macintosh
2697:
2688:
2672:
2624:
2615:
2607:
2601:
2580:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2542:
2538:). For example
2535:
2523:
2513:space character
2509:
2498:netstat {-t|-u}
2497:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2415:
2411:
2399:
2391:displayed on a
2384:
2383:The end of the
2372:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:parameter like
2337:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2285:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2176:
2161:
2160:typically used
2151:
2137:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2036:
2024:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1912:
1908:
1864:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:Prog -fFilename
1821:
1817:
1813:
1799:
1795:
1784:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:delete_iacl_dir
1733:subsystem, the
1719:
1713:
1700:global switches
1691:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1657:is the same as
1650:
1644:
1639:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1599:
1589:
1585:directory/owner
1584:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1518:
1510:standard output
1490:
1483:
1442:
1441:
1400:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1365:
1349:
1338:
1329:
1317:
1301:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1141:
1122:
1098:network routers
1075:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
864:
851:
840:
834:
831:
820:
808:
797:
752:
741:
735:
732:
717:
701:
690:
660:program called
629:implementation
568:Apple Macintosh
564:AppleSoft BASIC
511:interaction on
417:
394:executable file
337:
215:
210:
202:drop-down menus
170:GEM 1.1 Desktop
162:
109:writing scripts
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7468:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7301:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6903:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6348:Command Prompt
6345:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6332:shell builtins
6321:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6298:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6241:true and false
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6161:
6159:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6077:Shell builtins
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5660:shell builtins
5649:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5604:User interface
5601:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5528:File attribute
5525:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5490:Virtual memory
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5362:Context switch
5359:
5344:
5342:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5122:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5086:
5077:David Hunter,
5070:
5069:External links
5067:
5064:
5063:
5038:
5013:
4988:
4959:
4927:
4903:
4881:
4861:
4858:on 2012-12-17.
4837:
4808:
4779:
4754:
4751:on 2015-03-01.
4732:
4718:. 2010-08-24.
4707:
4691:Multicians.org
4677:
4670:
4637:
4623:. 2010-01-25.
4604:
4590:. 2005-01-21.
4571:
4539:The Open Group
4526:
4496:
4465:
4447:
4401:
4359:
4330:
4299:
4285:Archived from
4267:
4235:
4210:
4186:
4161:
4124:
4114:
4090:
4030:
4009:(2 ed.).
3996:
3958:
3934:
3909:
3898:opensource.com
3884:
3872:Linux Handbook
3859:
3834:
3809:
3785:
3778:
3758:
3734:
3714:developerWorks
3697:
3667:
3640:
3608:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3563:
3546:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3354:Douglas Adam's
3341:text adventure
3300:
3297:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3210:
3199:
3185:
3167:
3152:Embedded Linux
3149:
3134:
3123:
3105:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3010:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2962:
2940:
2906:
2890:
2887:
2740:system console
2727:sense switches
2696:
2693:
2613:
2600:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2547:
2546:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2451:
2448:
2224:help (command)
2219:
2216:
2202:local switches
2194:Business Basic
2136:
2133:
2116:software. The
2069:
2068:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1810:
1807:case-sensitive
1803:
1783:
1780:
1772:alias md mkdir
1717:Tab completion
1712:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1618:dir /q d* /o:s
1615:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1517:
1514:
1506:standard input
1439:
1402:
1401:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1280:
1272:
1121:
1120:Command prompt
1118:
1074:
1071:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
901:
900:
888:
887:
886:
880:
871:
859:
853:
852:
811:
809:
802:
796:
793:
754:
753:
704:
702:
695:
689:
686:
682:macOS Catalina
631:MKS Korn shell
607:.NET Framework
545:Almquist shell
513:Version 7 Unix
483:developed the
416:
413:
386:
385:
376:(for example,
367:
361:
336:
333:
319:for OS/2, and
255:, the various
222:Apple Computer
214:
211:
209:
206:
161:
158:
55:Screenshot of
42:GNOME Terminal
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7467:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7393:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7324:Miscellaneous
7322:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7151:eventtriggers
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6849:File contents
6847:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:programs and
6329:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6284:
6283:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6204:Miscellaneous
6202:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:Documentation
6138:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
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5742:
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5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5658:programs and
5657:
5654:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Memory paging
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:Device driver
5307:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5250:Architectures
5247:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5115:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4956:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4673:
4671:0-13-937699-2
4667:
4663:
4662:Prentice-Hall
4658:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4568:
4564:
4561: –
4558:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4461:
4454:
4452:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4406:
4398:
4396:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4320:on 2019-04-08
4319:
4315:
4314:Caldera, Inc.
4311:
4310:
4303:
4289:on 2019-04-08
4288:
4284:
4283:Caldera, Inc.
4280:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4224:
4223:GeeksforGeeks
4220:
4214:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4087:
4083:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4027:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3702:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3644:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3596:"Unix Shells"
3591:
3587:
3573:
3567:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3504:
3501:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3418:Web-based SSH
3415:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3372:device file.
3371:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:, a piece of
3347:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3243:shell scripts
3240:
3236:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:Routers with
3200:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2861:and the 1984
2860:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:Commodore PET
2809:
2807:
2806:shell scripts
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2768:, text-based
2767:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2695:Early history
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:ellipses for
2481:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2365:
2347:
2341:
2325:
2314:
2295:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2232:
2231:usage message
2225:
2215:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2065:
2062:
2054:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2028:This section
2026:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1924:directive in
1923:
1918:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1838:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:-long_subject
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:instruct the
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:main function
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1408:
1398:
1395:
1387:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1353:This section
1351:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1322:star commands
1315:
1310:
1307:
1299:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1256:PROMPT $ N$ G
1240:PROMPT $ P$ G
1233:
1229:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
990:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
963:
959:
957:
953:
952:Cisco Systems
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
898:
894:
889:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
858:
849:
846:
838:
828:
824:
818:
817:
812:This section
810:
806:
801:
800:
792:
790:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
750:
747:
739:
729:
725:
721:
715:
714:
710:
705:This section
703:
699:
694:
693:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
479:staff member
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
412:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
354:
351:
345:
341:
332:
330:
324:
323:for Windows.
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
238:
236:
227:
223:
219:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
171:
166:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
131:mouse pointer
128:
123:
121:
117:
112:
110:
105:
103:
100:
96:
91:
89:
88:punched cards
85:
81:
80:command-lines
77:
73:
69:
62:
61:Windows Vista
58:
53:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
6328:command-line
6327:
6280:
6258:
5655:
5598:
5505:file systems
5397:Time-sharing
5078:
5055:. Retrieved
5041:
5030:. Retrieved
5016:
5005:. Retrieved
4991:
4980:. Retrieved
4971:
4962:
4954:
4948:. Retrieved
4930:
4919:. Retrieved
4915:
4906:
4896:, retrieved
4890:
4884:
4873:
4864:
4856:the original
4849:
4840:
4829:. Retrieved
4820:
4811:
4800:. Retrieved
4791:
4782:
4771:. Retrieved
4757:
4749:the original
4744:
4735:
4724:. Retrieved
4710:
4699:. Retrieved
4690:
4680:
4655:
4640:
4629:. Retrieved
4616:
4607:
4596:. Retrieved
4583:
4574:
4557:man-pages(7)
4547:. Retrieved
4529:
4518:. Retrieved
4509:
4499:
4473:
4468:
4459:
4431:
4425:. Retrieved
4395:
4392:
4386:. Retrieved
4377:
4351:. Retrieved
4342:
4333:
4322:. Retrieved
4318:the original
4308:
4302:
4291:. Retrieved
4287:the original
4277:
4270:
4260:
4256:Conn, Rex C.
4227:. Retrieved
4225:. 2016-08-16
4222:
4213:
4202:. Retrieved
4198:
4189:
4178:. Retrieved
4174:
4164:
4153:. Retrieved
4133:
4127:
4119:
4100:
4093:
4086:OpenDOS 7.01
4082:Novell DOS 7
4073:. Retrieved
4064:
4019:. Retrieved
4005:
3999:
3994:(4+69 pages)
3987:. Retrieved
3967:
3961:
3950:. Retrieved
3946:
3937:
3926:. Retrieved
3922:
3912:
3901:. Retrieved
3897:
3887:
3876:. Retrieved
3874:. 2023-07-05
3871:
3862:
3851:. Retrieved
3837:
3826:. Retrieved
3812:
3801:. Retrieved
3797:
3788:
3768:
3761:
3750:. Retrieved
3746:
3737:
3726:. Retrieved
3713:
3689:. Retrieved
3680:
3670:
3659:. Retrieved
3653:
3643:
3632:. Retrieved
3623:
3603:
3600:the original
3590:
3566:
3558:
3549:
3494:
3477:
3463:Shell script
3422:
3407:
3391:
3389:
3378:
3374:
3358:
3343:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3309:
3302:
3260:Conversely,
3259:
3232:
3195:
3181:
3022:Shell script
2944:Resource Kit
2892:
2849:
2810:
2799:
2793:
2780:
2777:Louis Pouzin
2775:Around 1964
2774:
2763:
2757:such as the
2744:
2724:
2679:
2669:
2661:
2639:designed to
2632:
2628:
2626:
2609:
2586:
2575:
2551:program name
2550:
2548:
2510:
2502:
2493:
2483:
2476:parameters:
2473:
2466:parameters:
2463:
2453:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2366:
2345:
2342:
2326:
2315:
2279:
2275:
2227:
2201:
2196:, uses only
2182:Data General
2180:
2166:
2156:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2117:
2110:long options
2109:
2099:
2086:
2079:hyphen-minus
2072:
2057:
2048:
2037:Please help
2032:verification
2029:
1985:
1905:INT 21h
1896:
1892:
1888:
1877:Embedded DOS
1850:
1791:
1785:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1699:
1696:local switch
1695:
1693:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1625:
1613:DIR/Q/O:S d*
1601:
1595:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1499:
1494:
1457:
1443:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1390:
1384:October 2023
1381:
1366:Please help
1354:
1321:
1311:
1305:
1295:
1276:
1260:
1216:
1212:
1185:
1144:
1142:
1128:Prompt of a
1113:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1088:
1076:
1059:vertical bar
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1016:
991:
975:
967:command line
966:
964:
960:
955:
923:
913:
902:
882:
876:
856:
841:
832:
821:Please help
816:verification
813:
785:
757:
742:
733:
718:Please help
706:
639:
630:
602:
592:
553:
536:Bourne shell
528:Ken Thompson
517:
509:Bourne shell
488:
481:Louis Pouzin
470:time-sharing
460:
452:serial ports
444:time sharing
429:
418:
406:
387:
369:
363:
357:
352:
349:
329:EXPLORER.EXE
325:
239:
231:
194:edit windows
192:or extended
185:
183:
175:
150:IBM AIX SMIT
124:
119:
115:
113:
106:
92:
71:
67:
65:
29:
18:Command-line
7176:pnpunattend
7146:eventcreate
7141:driverquery
7100:ssh-keyscan
6343:COMMAND.COM
5667:File system
5523:Device file
5513:Boot loader
5427:Round-robin
5352:Cooperative
5288:Rump kernel
5278:Multikernel
5268:Microkernel
5165:Usage share
4434:DR-DOS 7.03
4422:comp.os.cpm
4378:freedos-dev
4252:Rawson, Tom
3535:DR DOS 3.41
3500:DR-DOS 7.03
3468:Run command
3425:video games
3247:batch files
3192:OpenHarmony
3038:MKS Toolkit
2978:COMMAND.COM
2966:eComStation
2952:ActiveState
2909:COMMAND.COM
2879:COMMAND.COM
2871:Windows 3.1
2847:of output.
2689:OS2USER.INI
2649:data stream
2521:underscores
2420:COMMAND.COM
1958:COMMAND.COM
1934:SETDOS /W:n
1901:system call
1645:ls -S -l D*
1019:doSomething
619:open-source
551:(or Bash).
530:in 1971 at
475:. In 1964,
432:"glass tty"
421:teleprinter
382:named pipes
297:COMMAND.COM
257:Unix shells
40:session in
7424:Categories
7206:systeminfo
7095:ssh-keygen
6983:Networking
6627:manage-bde
6597:diskshadow
6259:Categories
5453:protection
5409:algorithms
5407:Scheduling
5356:Preemptive
5302:Components
5273:Monolithic
5140:Comparison
5057:2021-04-20
5032:2021-04-20
5007:2014-02-27
4982:2018-03-14
4950:2016-11-28
4921:2024-07-07
4898:2024-07-07
4831:2018-03-14
4802:2018-03-18
4773:2017-08-26
4726:2015-02-18
4701:2013-09-22
4631:2013-04-07
4598:2013-04-07
4549:2013-04-07
4520:2016-11-07
4432:Since the
4427:2018-04-08
4388:2018-09-10
4353:2021-07-09
4324:2019-04-08
4293:2019-04-08
4229:2024-08-05
4204:2024-08-05
4180:2024-08-05
4155:2017-04-12
4075:2014-09-06
4021:2020-02-06
3989:2020-02-06
3952:2024-08-05
3928:2024-08-05
3903:2024-08-05
3892:B, Jason.
3878:2024-08-05
3853:2015-07-12
3828:2015-12-20
3803:2024-08-05
3752:2024-03-24
3728:2017-08-01
3691:2017-08-01
3661:2017-07-31
3634:2017-04-12
3582:References
3414:DuckDuckGo
3410:JavaScript
3408:There are
3305:dialog box
3131:Unix shell
3026:Unix shell
3018:PowerShell
2996:Windows CE
2989:Windows NT
2972:) has the
2955:ActivePerl
2925:SISNE plus
2917:IBM PC DOS
2883:Windows 95
2859:Apple Lisa
2831:and later
2611:by design.
2603:See also:
2496:of items:
2367:Since the
2336:(assuming
2222:See also:
1980:%SWITCHAR%
1948:parameter
1926:CONFIG.SYS
1897:switchchar
1715:See also:
1590:Dir /Owner
1546:dir --help
1524:or simply
1083:executable
736:April 2015
676:, and the
520:Unix shell
518:The first
458:software.
358:Parameters
344:GNU Octave
133:, such as
7381:tpmvscmgr
7090:ssh-agent
6995:bitsadmin
6901:Scripting
6666:Processes
6514:Archiving
6468:openfiles
6119:Searching
5808:Processes
5543:Partition
5460:Bus error
5387:Real-time
5367:Interrupt
5293:Unikernel
5258:Exokernel
4650:Pike, Rob
4621:Microsoft
4588:Microsoft
4441:SID86.EXE
4418:Newsgroup
3572:ASCII art
3352:based on
3330:Adventure
3235:scripting
3229:Scripting
3203:Cisco IOS
3188:HarmonyOS
3172:uses the
3156:Unix-like
3148:and Bash.
3116:superuser
3082:Standard
3003:PocketDOS
2821:BBC Micro
2670:The Unix
2641:interpret
2627:The term
2532:backslash
2517:separator
2456:man pages
2436:SETDOS /I
2075:Unix-like
2051:July 2021
1758:SUPERUSER
1640:ls -lS D*
1634:Unix-like
1596:directory
1440:rmfile.s
1434:Unix-like
1421:parameter
1355:does not
1336:Arguments
1326:BBC BASIC
1302:$ RPROMPT
1208:superuser
1130:BBC Micro
1114:interface
1106:interface
1086:example.
1035:verbosely
971:Enter key
956:semantics
920:semantics
893:arguments
835:July 2015
707:does not
678:KornShell
650:Unix-like
642:Macintosh
595:Microsoft
541:KornShell
532:Bell Labs
315:for DOS,
283:, etc.),
247:(DCL) in
146:DOS Shell
144:(such as
102:utilities
46:Fedora 15
7356:gpupdate
7351:gpresult
7277:bootsect
7236:wevtutil
7216:typeperf
7211:tracerpt
7201:sxstrace
7186:REAgentC
7171:ntbackup
7136:dispdiag
7131:auditpol
7045:PathPing
7040:nslookup
7015:ipconfig
7010:hostname
6939:forfiles
6790:graftabl
6759:regsvr32
6732:Registry
6723:tasklist
6718:taskkill
6708:shutdown
6703:schtasks
6688:powercfg
6657:vssadmin
6642:scandisk
6632:refsutil
6602:drvspace
6592:diskraid
6587:diskpart
6582:diskcopy
6577:diskcomp
6526:extrac32
6495:robocopy
6480:(rename)
5927:basename
5589:Live USB
5451:resource
5341:Concepts
5179:Variants
5160:Timeline
5051:Archived
5026:Archived
5001:Archived
4976:Archived
4944:Archived
4825:Archived
4796:Archived
4767:Archived
4720:Archived
4695:Archived
4652:(1984).
4625:Archived
4592:Archived
4543:Archived
4541:. 2008.
4514:Archived
4510:MPDOSTIP
4382:Archived
4347:Archived
4146:Archived
4069:Archived
4065:MPDOSTIP
4015:Archived
3980:Archived
3847:Archived
3822:Archived
3722:Archived
3685:Archived
3628:Archived
3432:See also
3423:Many PC
3395:web apps
3381:E editor
3312:diskpart
3269:function
3251:language
3060:, Bash,
2942:Windows
2841:globbing
2817:Apple II
2791:(CTSS).
2721:terminal
2665:language
2621:Rob Pike
2614:—
2484:repeated
2474:optional
2464:required
2294:SwitChar
2091:--create
1922:SWITCHAR
1893:switchar
1491:sys.argv
1228:%PROMPT%
1186:On many
1181:hostname
1179:and the
1067:pipeline
1055:>>
978:defaults
883:External
877:Internal
662:Terminal
637:add-on.
623:MKS Inc.
524:V6 shell
7376:tpmtool
7310:exe2bin
7282:fixboot
7272:bootcfg
7267:bcdedit
7241:winmgmt
7231:wecutil
7226:WBAdmin
7181:pnputil
7166:msiexec
7161:mofcomp
7105:tracert
7085:ssh-add
7055:rpcping
7035:netstat
7020:nbtstat
6974:timeout
6919:cscript
6881:findstr
6567:convert
6536:makecab
6531:extract
6500:takeown
6484:replace
6473:recover
6442:deltree
6438:(erase)
6426:compact
6376:(chdir)
6325:Windows
6032:strings
5952:dirname
5876:logname
5825:crontab
5584:Live CD
5538:Journal
5502:access,
5500:Storage
5377:Process
5283:vkernel
5150:History
5133:General
4420::
4414:"SID86"
4343:gnu.org
3525:, f.e.
3517:(where
3385:editors
3196:toolbox
3184:binary.
3182:toolbox
3170:Android
3164:Busybox
3108:FreeBSD
3014:CScript
2974:cmd.exe
2959:Interix
2937:FreeDOS
2933:ROM-DOS
2929:PTS-DOS
2785:Multics
2753:-based
2486:items:
2418:at the
2404:command
2389:RT-11SJ
2362:--about
2148:4690 OS
2144:4680 OS
2125:getopts
1994:netstat
1881:FreeDOS
1873:PTS-DOS
1861:Windows
1820:; thus
1723:Multics
1636:systems
1609:Windows
1580:OpenVMS
1568:Command
1376:removed
1361:sources
1314:RISC OS
1252:C:\>
1236:C:\>
1219:cmd.exe
1149:prompts
1138:cmd.exe
1091:CMD.EXE
1043:toFiles
1039:quietly
909:newline
897:options
728:removed
713:sources
670:Z shell
570:and of
543:(ksh),
495:Multics
467:Multics
415:History
390:wrapper
305:CMD.EXE
249:OpenVMS
152:), and
129:with a
7371:pentnt
7366:MSCDEX
7315:QBasic
7287:fixmbr
7246:winsat
7156:logman
7070:setspn
7005:getmac
6964:prompt
6924:doskey
6909:choice
6840:whoami
6810:setver
6780:cmdkey
6754:regini
6617:fsutil
6612:format
6572:defrag
6562:chkdsk
6521:expand
6458:mklink
6447:icacls
6421:cipher
6411:attrib
6012:printf
5937:csplit
5679:chattr
5392:Thread
5263:Hybrid
5241:Kernel
4875:GitHub
4851:GitHub
4668:
4567:Manual
4112:
3919:"path"
3776:
3542:GEMSID
3403:Google
3392:launch
3285:Jython
3277:Python
3224:shell.
3222:Bourne
3214:Plan 9
3136:Apple
3118:, and
3090:Python
3084:Tcl/Tk
3034:Cygwin
3007:QBasic
2970:ArcaOS
2935:, and
2921:DR-DOS
2913:MS-DOS
2903:PC-DCL
2875:IBM PC
2845:piping
2837:IBM PC
2691:file.
2619:&
2494:choice
2358:-about
2332:or in
2271:--help
2140:FlexOS
2119:getopt
1968:named
1946:PROMPT
1887:) the
1869:DR-DOS
1574:Notes
1542:DIR /?
1534:switch
1526:option
1487:module
1476:Python
1453:file.s
1445:file.s
1306:prompt
1282:export
1248:PROMPT
1223:PROMPT
1145:prompt
1110:system
1041:) and
1031:adverb
1017:where
944:Nortel
924:syntax
922:. The
916:syntax
868:Prompt
861:Prompt
765:Python
654:Darwin
615:Cygwin
522:, the
485:RUNCOM
398:MATLAB
253:RSX-11
7346:dpath
7331:break
7305:debug
7221:w32tm
7191:relog
7115:winrs
7110:winrm
7060:route
7030:netsh
6959:pause
6886:print
6866:edlin
6835:where
6825:title
6744:ftype
6739:assoc
6713:start
6693:runas
6637:subst
6622:label
6607:fdisk
6505:xcopy
6489:rmdir
6452:mkdir
6416:cacls
6390:pushd
6236:sleep
6190:strip
6170:ctags
6105:unset
6085:alias
6067:xargs
6047:troff
6007:patch
6002:paste
5977:iconv
5906:write
5896:uname
5799:umask
5789:touch
5779:split
5774:rmdir
5749:mkdir
5734:fuser
5699:cksum
5694:chgrp
5689:chown
5684:chmod
5594:Shell
5533:Inode
4940:Cisco
4563:Linux
4484:SID86
4437:DEBUG
4394:<'
4149:(PDF)
4138:(PDF)
3983:(PDF)
3972:(PDF)
3655:Wired
3538:SID86
3503:DEBUG
3486:Notes
3322:Emacs
3316:Edlin
3207:Junos
3138:macOS
3125:Many
3110:uses
3072:, psh
3066:tclsh
2825:BASIC
2781:shell
2770:menus
2735:batch
2393:VT100
2360:, or
2346:about
2269:, or
2267:-help
2263:/Help
1885:RxDOS
1845:-f -A
1767:MKDIR
1739:-lgsj
1731:forum
1659:-l -S
1538:Dir/?
1267:shell
1263:$ PS1
1244:C>
1102:modes
986:alias
781:BASIC
769:Forth
688:Usage
646:macOS
611:MinGW
603:Monad
490:shell
425:telex
242:DEC's
235:shell
228:3.0.1
208:Types
198:icons
190:fonts
142:menus
7361:help
7341:dism
7251:wmic
7075:sftp
7050:ping
7000:curl
6954:more
6944:goto
6929:echo
6914:clip
6891:type
6876:find
6861:edit
6856:comp
6820:time
6815:setx
6800:path
6795:mode
6785:date
6775:chcp
6683:kill
6678:exit
6491:(rd)
6463:move
6454:(md)
6431:copy
6395:tree
6385:popd
6282:List
6221:expr
6195:yacc
6180:make
6131:grep
6126:find
6110:wait
6100:test
6095:echo
6052:uniq
6037:tail
6027:sort
6017:read
5992:more
5982:join
5972:head
5967:fold
5947:diff
5932:comm
5891:tput
5886:talk
5881:mesg
5871:exit
5850:time
5840:nice
5835:kill
5794:type
5729:file
5653:Unix
5155:List
5083:2000
4666:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4084:and
3774:ISBN
3747:KASS
3559:help
3540:and
3281:Ruby
3273:Perl
3266:eval
3255:REXX
3212:The
3174:mksh
3146:tcsh
3112:tcsh
3102:XLNT
3094:Ruby
3042:UWIN
2998:3.0.
2982:REXX
2968:and
2946:and
2869:and
2867:GEOS
2852:PARC
2843:and
2829:CP/M
2819:and
2801:pipe
2796:Unix
2759:VT52
2719:VT52
2686:OS/2
2645:file
2589:Unix
2576:and
2428:NDOS
2426:and
2424:4DOS
2401:help
2385:HELP
2371:and
2334:/W:?
2330:/H:W
2322:/H:2
2318:/H:1
2186:RDOS
2158:CP/M
2150:use
2146:and
2106:sudo
2000:ping
1997:and
1930:4DOS
1917:TSRs
1883:and
1859:and
1857:OS/2
1776:tcsh
1764:for
1745:for
1550:does
1540:and
1530:flag
1493:for
1468:Java
1466:and
1432:and
1430:Unix
1359:any
1357:cite
1300:the
1190:and
1188:Unix
1169:>
1108:and
1079:PATH
1047:>
1023:verb
936:Unix
934:and
918:and
777:Rexx
773:LISP
711:any
709:cite
674:tcsh
617:are
613:and
586:and
556:CP/M
539:the
400:, a
317:4OS2
313:4DOS
309:RSTS
301:OS/2
285:CP/M
281:Bash
273:tcsh
251:and
226:A/UX
200:and
186:help
148:and
38:Bash
7386:wsl
7336:cls
7196:sfc
7080:ssh
7065:scp
7025:net
6990:arp
6969:rem
6934:for
6830:ver
6805:set
6749:reg
6652:vol
6647:sys
6546:tar
6541:pax
6478:ren
6436:del
6380:dir
6216:cal
6175:lex
6147:man
6022:sed
5942:cut
5922:awk
5901:who
5866:env
5784:tee
5764:pwd
5759:pax
5704:cmp
5674:cat
5611:PXE
5599:CLI
5579:HAL
5569:API
5372:IPC
3718:IBM
3555:DOS
3370:tty
3333:or
3293:DOS
3283:or
3245:or
3178:ash
3160:Ash
3142:zsh
3120:ash
3098:Lua
3077:PHP
3070:zsh
3062:rsh
3054:ksh
3050:csh
2899:DCL
2855:GUI
2833:DOS
2783:in
2751:CRT
2716:DEC
2655:or
2633:CLI
2414:or
2309:or
2288:to
2190:AOS
2114:GNU
2087:two
2083:GNU
2073:In
2041:by
1971:%/%
1962:$ /
1950:$ G
1895:or
1853:DOS
1851:In
1841:-fA
1816:or
1778:).
1774:in
1743:did
1721:In
1672:CLI
1655:-lS
1532:or
1500:In
1484:sys
1480:API
1464:C++
1418:or
1370:by
1312:In
1298:zsh
1296:In
1285:PS1
1198:or
1171:or
1037:or
1029:an
1027:how
984:or
950:or
932:DOS
895:or
825:by
722:by
666:ssh
627:ksh
625:'s
562:or
560:DOS
407:In
380:or
293:DOS
289:CCP
287:'s
277:zsh
269:csh
265:ksh
137:),
118:or
72:CLI
44:3,
7426::
6949:if
6871:fc
6698:sc
6673:at
6374:cd
6231:od
6226:lp
6211:bc
6185:nm
6165:ar
6090:cd
6062:wc
6057:vi
6042:tr
5997:nl
5987:m4
5962:ex
5957:ed
5845:ps
5830:fg
5820:bg
5815:at
5769:rm
5754:mv
5744:ls
5739:ln
5724:df
5719:du
5714:dd
5709:cp
5354:,
5049:.
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3527:?D
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2761:.
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2673:#!
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2164:.
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