1793:
728:
4368:
1787:
1010:
547:
27:
605:
originate from small dust particles hitting the planet and knocking calcium-bearing molecules into the atmosphere in a process called impact vaporization. However, the general background of interplanetary dust in the inner Solar System cannot, by itself, account for the periodic spikes in calcium. This suggests a periodic source of additional dust, for example, a cometary debris field.
518:
433:). On 4 July 1997, Encke passed 0.19 AU from Earth, and on June 29, 2172, it will make a close approach of roughly 0.1735 AU. On 18 November 2013, it passed 0.02496 AU (3.734 million km; 2.320 million mi) from Mercury. Close approaches to Earth usually occur every 33 years.
471:
from its then predicted position) but orbital uncertainties made it impossible to be sure of its identity. A recalculation of Encke's orbit in the 1970s resulted in a calculated position only a few arcseconds (2.0 in ascension and 4.6 in declination) from the imaged object meaning the object probably
1600:
Master, S. and Woldai, T. (2004) The UMM Al Binni structure in the
Mesopotamian marshlands of Southern Iraq, as a postulated late holocene meteorite impact crater : geological setting and new LANDSAT ETM + and Aster satellite imagery. Johannesburg, University of Witwatersrand, Economic Geology
710:
Encke's comet is found to lose about two days in each successive period of 1,200 days. Biela's comet, with twice that length of period, loses about one day. That is, the successive returns of these bodies is found to be accelerated by this amount. No other cause for this irregularity has been found
1613:
Master, S. and Woldai, T. (2004) Umm al Binni structure, southern Iraq, as a postulated late holocene meteorite impact crater : new satellite imagery and proposals for future research. Presented at the ICSU workshop : comet - asteroid impacts and human society, Santa Cruz de
Tenerife,
482:
An observer of Encke's in March 1918 had this to say of the comet on March 12, comparing to the early March 9 observation, "The comet much shaper, brighter, smaller; its diameter was 1 1/2', magnitude 77 (B.D. scale). Its magnitude in the 6-inch
Corbett was almost stellar, but in the 28 inch no
715:
Encke's pole tumbles in an 81-year period, therefore it will accelerate for half that time, and decelerate for the other half of the time (since the orientation of the comets rotation to solar heating determines how its orbit changes due to outgassing forward or aft of the comet's course). The
604:
have revealed Encke may contribute to seasonal meteor showers on
Mercury. The Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument discovered seasonal surges of calcium since the probe began orbiting the planet in March 2011. The spikes in calcium levels are thought to
814:
628:
522:
519:
675:
Astronomers planned a 2019 search campaign for fragments of comet Encke which would have been visible from Earth as the Taurid swarm passed between July 5â11, and July 21 â August 10. There were no reports of discoveries of any such objects.
366:, who through laborious calculations was able to link observations of comets in 1786 (designated 2P/1786 B1), 1795 (2P/1795 V1), 1805 (2P/1805 U1) and 1818 (2P/1818 W1) to the same object. In 1819 he published his conclusions in the journal
806:
521:
672:(1985, page 163) points out that Comet Encke's polar axis is only 5 degrees from its orbital plane: such an orientation is ideal to have presented a pinwheel like aspect to our ancestors when Encke was more active.
727:
639:
appeared in a variety of cultures across the world at a similar time, and could have been inspired by the appearance of a comet from head on, as the curved jets would be reminiscent of the swastika shape (see
490:
and G. McCorkle photographed the comet on 15 August. R.E. McCrosky and C.-Y. Shao photographed it on 5 September and
Elizabeth Roemer this time with M.R. Gonzales photographed the comet on 13 September.
716:
authors of this 1860 textbook of course could not know that the pole of the comet would tumble as it does over such a long period of time, or that outgassing would induce a thrust to change its course.
3159:
467:
but the resulting photographic plate was lost in the mail. A second attempt using the same telescope was made on 1 September 1913 and this showed an object in about the right position (1.5
4297:
3489:
520:
4319:
3447:
444:
at 69.5 km/s (250,000 km/h). Between 1769 and 2103, Comet Encke's perihelion distance only varies from 0.330 AU (in 2050) and 0.347 AU (in 1782). Of the
631:
A Han
Dynasty silk comet atlas, featuring drawings of comets believed by Victor Clube and Bill Napier to be related to the breakup of Encke's Comet in the past
414:, and it is possible that some of the larger fragments shed by the comet, or released by a larger progenitor of the comet, are trapped in this resonance.
1525:
4255:
3592:
1560:
998:
4412:
1934:
660:, which includes a swastika-shaped comet, and suggest that some comet drawings were related to the breakup of the progenitor of Encke and the
4053:
2430:
2113:
1333:
318:, it is unusual in its being named after the calculator of its orbit rather than its discoverer. Like most comets, it has a very low
4447:
4275:
1395:
Rosemary M. Killen; Joseph M. Hahn (December 10, 2014). "Impact
Vaporization as a Possible Source of Mercury's Calcium Exosphere".
1866:
440:(closest approach to the Sun) of 0.34 AU (51 million km; 32 million mi), and at perihelion Comet Encke
2410:
613:
More than one theory has associated Encke's Comet with impacts of cometary material on Earth, and with cultural significance.
810:
4026:
2998:
2490:
1977:
538:(a blast of solar particles from the Sun). The tail grew back due to the continuous shedding of dust and gas by the comet.
71:
1546:
3912:
3422:
3058:
620:
of 1908 may have been caused by the impact of a cometary body and has also been postulated by
Czechoslovakian astronomer
430:
229:
4422:
1468:
1924:
4314:
3506:
2585:
2008:
1317:
1246:
464:
1197:
1724:
39:
4302:
3964:
3526:
3494:
2968:
2260:
1919:
1643:
371:
4245:
3845:
3531:
3412:
2988:
2938:
2475:
1929:
406:
of 3 years, the orbit of Encke is frequently perturbed by the inner planets. Encke is currently close to a 7:2
1152:"Observations of Encke's Comet (1917 c.) made with the 28-inch Equatorial at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich"
4324:
3452:
3232:
3217:
2540:
1856:
1564:
310:
on 17 January 1786, but it was not recognized as a periodic comet until 1819 when its orbit was computed by
4250:
4134:
3541:
3387:
2570:
2360:
2350:
1364:
511:
1263:
3397:
1941:
1851:
781:
476:
4407:
4392:
4260:
4124:
3567:
3427:
3089:
3063:
3023:
3018:
2864:
2708:
2673:
2663:
1972:
1839:
1829:
1824:
534:
observed the tail of Comet Encke to be temporarily torn off by magnetic field disturbances caused by a
1786:
1676:
1648:
4417:
4238:
4233:
4228:
3732:
3677:
3053:
2575:
2485:
2380:
1861:
1792:
1430:
Williams, V.; KornoĆĄ, L.; Williams, I.P. (2006). "The Taurid complex meteor showers and asteroids".
4402:
4397:
3994:
3181:
3169:
3008:
2565:
2465:
2440:
2335:
2310:
2178:
2023:
387:
215:
1526:"Could larger space rocks be hiding in the Beta Taurid Meteor stream? We may find out this summer"
1033:
346:(designated 1P/Halley). It was independently observed by several astronomers, the first two being
4452:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4196:
3767:
2813:
2718:
2600:
2510:
2495:
2420:
2320:
2191:
2108:
1951:
1814:
1809:
1103:
842:
551:
445:
342:
As its official designation implies, Encke's Comet was the first periodic comet discovered after
154:
1606:
4265:
4223:
4161:
3850:
3747:
3742:
3562:
3464:
3437:
3013:
2683:
2605:
2395:
375:
4191:
4156:
3885:
3827:
3777:
3757:
3637:
3115:
2993:
2870:
2788:
2723:
2525:
2480:
2295:
2127:
2088:
2018:
1993:
535:
498:
407:
187:
334:(closest approach to the Sun). The diameter of the nucleus of Encke's Comet is 4.8 km.
4117:
3959:
3900:
3870:
3692:
3682:
3597:
3484:
3352:
2713:
2450:
2240:
1834:
1717:
1503:
1449:
1404:
1337:
1275:
1212:
1115:
1074:
967:
854:
657:
486:
A number of attempts were made to image the comet around the aphelion of 3 September 1972.
299:
once every 3.3 years. (This is the shortest period of a reasonably bright comet; the faint
138:
1639:
1624:
Hamacher, D. W. (2006) "Umm al Binni lake: Effects of a possible
Holocene bolide impact",
1151:
644:). Comet Encke has sometimes been identified as the comet in question. In their 1982 book
8:
4336:
4090:
4080:
4075:
4036:
4016:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3927:
3895:
3817:
3807:
3787:
3772:
3762:
3752:
3707:
3662:
3607:
3582:
3572:
3392:
3382:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3302:
3286:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
2943:
2500:
2265:
2122:
2098:
2093:
2073:
2028:
1898:
1652:
1063:"Encke's Comet. On the Possibility of Photographing the Comet at all Points in its Orbit"
888:
698:. As its orbit was perturbed and shortened, the shortening could only be ascribed to the
694:
395:
177:
2405:
1601:
Research
Institute (EGRI), 2004. EGRI - HALL : information circular 382, p. 21
1507:
1453:
1408:
1279:
1216:
1119:
1078:
971:
858:
399:
4107:
4041:
4031:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3922:
3880:
3855:
3797:
3717:
3697:
3612:
3602:
3536:
3521:
2828:
2728:
2470:
2103:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2038:
1998:
1663:
1439:
957:
689:
463:
An attempt to photograph the comet close to aphelion was made on 2 July 1913 using the
363:
311:
49:
4213:
3647:
574:
in late June and early July). A shower has similarly been reported affecting Mercury.
4331:
4129:
3952:
3947:
3802:
3687:
3479:
3469:
3442:
3417:
3251:
3175:
3105:
2748:
2733:
2210:
2150:
2053:
2048:
2003:
1801:
1313:
1242:
1173:
1062:
621:
577:
570:(which are encountered as the Northern and Southern Taurids across November, and the
441:
418:
355:
343:
315:
111:
95:
2365:
501:
observed the comet in ultra-violet and made measurements of its rate of water loss.
347:
307:
44:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4270:
4144:
4139:
4021:
3812:
3712:
3652:
3632:
3622:
3587:
3557:
3084:
2220:
2145:
2033:
1914:
1882:
1878:
1412:
1283:
1163:
1123:
975:
862:
740:
685:
487:
260:
88:
26:
4371:
4341:
3937:
3822:
3577:
2515:
2505:
2174:
2013:
1844:
1756:
1710:
1617:
Hamacher, D. W. (2005) "The Umm Al Binni Structure and Bronze Age Catastrophes",
1416:
1287:
359:
351:
327:
300:
128:
2678:
4186:
4112:
4102:
3989:
3657:
3642:
3511:
3205:
3048:
2933:
2913:
2891:
2843:
2833:
2798:
2753:
2460:
2325:
2235:
2155:
994:
699:
617:
403:
370:, and predicted correctly its return in 1822 (2P/1822 L1). It was recovered by
303:
292:
148:
1584:
KlaÄka, Jozef (1999). "Meteor Streams of Comet Encke. Taurid Meteor Complex".
946:"The 2019 Taurid resonant swarm: prospects for ground detection of small NEOs"
679:
4386:
4208:
4151:
4070:
3932:
3865:
3501:
3474:
3459:
3297:
3068:
3028:
2983:
2918:
2897:
2793:
2698:
2340:
2043:
1888:
1776:
1751:
1590:
Whipple, F.L. (1940). "Photographic meteor studies. III. The Taurid shower."
1177:
1168:
563:
323:
244:
167:
1658:
980:
945:
919:
4058:
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3120:
3043:
3038:
3033:
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2590:
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2300:
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1460:
1382:
1359:
665:
649:
571:
449:
4166:
3782:
1561:"MESSENGER: MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging"
4218:
4097:
3942:
3905:
3672:
3145:
3140:
3125:
2928:
2886:
2876:
2858:
2853:
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2818:
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2773:
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2620:
2615:
2595:
2545:
2535:
2445:
2415:
2385:
2345:
2330:
1873:
1585:
1104:"Comets and nongravitational forces. VI. Periodic comet Encke 1786-1971 "
703:
653:
641:
1310:
Robotic Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982
843:"Comets and nongravitational forces. VI. Periodic comet Encke 1786-1971"
460:
The comet has been observed at every perihelion since 1818 except 1944.
4309:
4171:
3969:
3875:
3792:
3727:
3516:
3110:
3003:
2973:
2953:
2923:
2648:
2625:
2555:
2550:
2400:
2390:
2370:
2285:
2280:
2270:
2255:
2230:
2063:
1946:
1819:
1771:
1761:
1521:
1494:
Kresak, L'. (1978). "The Tunguska object - A fragment of Comet Encke".
468:
437:
391:
331:
4201:
4181:
4176:
4085:
4063:
4046:
3917:
3890:
3860:
3737:
3722:
3702:
3667:
3627:
3432:
3407:
3402:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3342:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3292:
3281:
3256:
2903:
2881:
2808:
2803:
2783:
2768:
2763:
2738:
2693:
2560:
2455:
2315:
2245:
2083:
1685:
735:
600:
581:
422:
1547:"First principles of chemistry, for the use of colleges and schools"
3199:
3193:
3130:
2610:
2530:
2520:
2375:
2275:
2250:
1956:
1893:
1766:
1695:
1127:
1034:"'Old Faithful' Comet Encke Makes Appearance in November Night Sky"
962:
866:
656:
reproduce an ancient Chinese catalogue of cometary shapes from the
636:
555:
531:
1469:"Mercury Experiences Seasonal Meteor Showers, Say NASA Scientists"
1444:
2225:
1264:"Radar observations of Comet 2P/Encke during the 2003 apparition"
567:
506:
411:
1619:
The Artifact: Publications of the El Paso Archaeological Society
1614:
Canary Islands, Spain, November 27- December 2, 2004. p. 20
1429:
1394:
562:
Comet Encke is believed to be the originator of several related
3287:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
887:
Herschel, Caroline Lucretia (1876). Herschel, Mrs. John (ed.).
809:(Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive).
661:
319:
1466:
546:
1733:
1607:
http://www.itc.nl/library/Papers_2004/tech_rep/woldai_umm.pdf
743:, 17/11/2013 (NASA/JHUAPL/Carnegie Institution of Washington)
118:
105:
1432:
Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnaté Pleso
3303:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
1369:
680:
Importance in the scientific history of luminiferous aether
627:
494:
In 1980 Encke was the first comet to be detected by radar.
426:
386:
Comets are in unstable orbits that evolve over time due to
330:
and tail that can make them much more visible during their
275:
269:
266:
1702:
296:
1011:"JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: numbered comets"
306:
has a period of 3.2 years.) Encke was first recorded by
807:"Horizons Batch for 2P/Encke (90000090) on 2023-Oct-22"
479:
aperture telescope took observations of Encke (1917c).
272:
1239:
Cometography A Catalog of Comets Volume 5: 1960â1982
1205:
Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Mathematica et Physica
1467:M. Killen & Joseph M. Hahn (17 December 2014).
944:Clark, D.; Wiegert, P.; Brown, P. G. (2019-05-24).
510:mission was launched to study this comet, and also
263:
1358:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (3 October 2007).
1156:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
950:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
943:
624:as possibly caused by a fragment of Comet Encke.
358:in 1795 and was "discovered" for a third time by
4384:
1549:. Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & T. Bliss. 1860.
739:image of Comet Encke at its closest approach to
1357:
1101:
840:
890:Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel
801:
799:
797:
635:A theory holds that the ancient symbol of the
1718:
1195:
1423:
1307:
1097:
1095:
1003:
1261:
1241:. Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
794:
782:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2P/Encke"
326:receives, although comets generate a large
2173:
1725:
1711:
1520:
1336:. Science@NASA. 2007-10-01. Archived from
1236:
1056:
1054:
702:of an "ether" through which it orbited in
417:Encke's orbit gets as close as 0.173
1626:Astronomical Society of Australia Meeting
1496:Astronomical Institutes of Czechoslovakia
1443:
1262:Harmon, John K; Nolan, Michael C (2005).
1191:
1189:
1187:
1167:
1102:Marsden, B. G; Sekanina, Z (March 1974).
1092:
979:
961:
836:
834:
832:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
598:Measurements on board the NASA satellite
3388:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
3363:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
3298:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
1659:Gary W. Kronk's Cometography page for 2P
1487:
1301:
995:2P/Encke past, present and future orbits
988:
937:
905:Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
893:. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
886:
841:Marsden, B.G; Sekanina, Z (March 1974).
692:in the generally discredited concept of
626:
545:
516:
322:, reflecting only 4.6% of the light its
4413:Astronomical objects discovered in 1786
3398:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
1388:
1326:
1308:Ulivi, Paolo; Harland, David M (2007).
1196:BouĆĄka, Jan; VanĂœsek, VladimĂr (1972).
1060:
1051:
554:image of Encke and its debris trail in
4385:
1493:
1255:
1184:
829:
755:
234:0.17 AU (25 million km)
3338:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
2172:
1706:
1514:
1230:
1146:
1144:
911:
880:
711:but the agency of the supposed ether.
362:in 1818. Its orbit was calculated by
1978:List of comets visited by spacecraft
1351:
826:(JPL#K204/20 Soln.date: 2022-May-23)
3423:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
1237:Kronk, Gary W; Meyer, Maik (2010).
1031:
1025:
897:
608:
483:definitive nucleus could be seen."
431:minimum orbit intersection distance
13:
1141:
172:69.5 km/s (250,000 km/h)
14:
4464:
3563:C/1992 J1 (SpacewatchâRabinowitz)
3343:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
1633:
1334:"The Sun Rips Off a Comet's Tail"
917:
541:
354:in 1786. It was next observed by
4367:
4366:
3413:C/1927 X1 (SkjellerupâMaristany)
1791:
1785:
1198:"A Note on the Cometary Nucleus"
726:
259:
25:
16:Periodic comet with 3-year orbit
3507:C/1970 K1 (WhiteâOrtizâBolelli)
3393:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
3383:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
3358:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
3333:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
3328:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
3323:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
3318:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
3313:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
3308:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
3277:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
3272:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
3267:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
3262:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
3257:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
1920:Observational history of comets
1553:
1539:
1376:
1360:"Comet Encke's Tail Ripped Off"
817:from the original on 2022-06-15
455:
295:that completes an orbit of the
3542:C/1989 Y1 (SkorichenkoâGeorge)
3532:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
2939:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
1061:Barnard, E.E (December 1914).
465:Mount Wilson 60-inch telescope
1:
4448:Discoveries by Pierre MĂ©chain
3527:C/1983 H1 (IRASâArakiâAlcock)
2009:C/2023 A3 (TsuchinshanâATLAS)
1032:Rao, Joe (12 November 2013).
748:
642:Comets and the swastika motif
3568:C/1993 Y1 (McNaughtâRussell)
3490:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
3090:D/1993 F2 (ShoemakerâLevy 9)
2999:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
2491:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
1417:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.035
1365:Astronomy Picture of the Day
1288:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.01.012
924:Gary W. Kronk's Cometography
590:may be a fragment of Encke.
526:Encke's Comet loses its tail
372:Carl Ludwig Christian RĂŒmker
337:
52:(recognition of periodicity)
7:
3059:226P/PigottâLINEARâKowalski
2431:45P/HondaâMrkosâPajduĆĄĂĄkovĂĄ
2411:41P/TuttleâGiacobiniâKresĂĄk
1942:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
1013:. JPL Solar System Dynamics
368:Correspondance astronomique
10:
4469:
3448:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
3428:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
3368:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
3353:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
1973:List of missions to comets
1732:
1162:(6): 448â449. 1918-04-12.
719:
593:
160:(perihelion to perihelion)
79:1819 I; 1822 II; 1825 III;
4423:Meteor shower progenitors
4362:
3836:
3733:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
3678:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
3550:
3378:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
3293:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
3252:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
3244:
3231:
3218:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
3158:
3098:
3077:
2961:
2952:
2842:
2639:
2586:76P/WestâKohoutekâIkemura
2541:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
2201:
2190:
2186:
2168:
2136:
2118:(BernardinelliâBernstein)
1986:
1965:
1907:
1800:
1783:
1744:
1740:
1675:
1312:. Springer. p. 281.
425:; 16.1 million
243:
238:
227:
214:
206:
198:
186:
176:
165:
147:
137:
127:
117:
104:
94:
87:
69:
64:
56:
38:
33:
24:
3438:C/1956 R1 (ArendâRoland)
3373:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
3348:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
2571:73P/SchwassmannâWachmann
2361:31P/SchwassmannâWachmann
2351:29P/SchwassmannâWachmann
2024:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
1108:The Astronomical Journal
847:The Astronomical Journal
452:gets closer to the Sun.
421:(25.9 million
381:
239:Physical characteristics
72:Alternative designations
3913:de KockâParaskevopoulos
3768:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
2969:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
2261:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
2109:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
1952:Small Solar System body
1592:Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
706:. One reference reads:
287:(official designation:
89:Orbital characteristics
3748:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
3743:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
3588:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
3485:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
3465:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
3064:271P/van HoutenâLemmon
3024:107P/WilsonâHarrington
3019:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
2989:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
2865:4015 WilsonâHarrington
2709:147P/KushidaâMuramatsu
2674:107P/WilsonâHarrington
2664:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
2476:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
1385:, 1940; KlaÄka, 1999).
1169:10.1093/mnras/78.6.448
632:
559:
527:
512:SchwassmannâWachmann 3
376:Parramatta Observatory
81:1829; 1832 I; 1835 II;
4266:SpacewatchâRabinowitz
3828:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
3778:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
3758:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
3723:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
3703:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
3648:C/2006 A1 (PojmaĆski)
3638:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
3618:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
3583:C/1997 L1 (ZhuâBalam)
3578:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
3573:C/1995 O1 (HaleâBopp)
3408:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
3054:206P/BarnardâBoattini
2576:74P/SmirnovaâChernykh
2486:56P/SlaughterâBurnham
2381:35P/HerschelâRigollet
2128:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
2089:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
2019:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
1994:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
981:10.1093/mnrasl/slz076
670:The Mystery of Comets
630:
549:
536:coronal mass ejection
525:
499:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
448:less than 321P, only
408:mean motion resonance
83:1838; 1842 I; 1845 IV
4246:SkjellerupâMaristany
3783:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
3693:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
3683:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
3658:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
3643:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
3598:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
3512:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
3182:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
3170:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
3009:72P/DenningâFujikawa
2566:72P/DenningâFujikawa
2466:52P/HarringtonâAbell
2441:47P/AshbrookâJackson
2336:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
2311:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
1664:2P/Encke light curve
1605:
658:Mawangdui Silk Texts
394:. Given Encke's low
4315:WhiteâOrtizâBolelli
3818:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
3808:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
3788:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
3773:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
3763:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
3753:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
3738:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
3708:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
3688:C/2009 F6 (YiâSWAN)
3663:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
3608:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
3502:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
3475:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
3460:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
3433:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
2944:(300163) 2006 VW139
2814:332P/IkeyaâMurakami
2719:156P/RussellâLINEAR
2601:79P/du ToitâHartley
2511:61P/ShajnâSchaldach
2496:58P/JacksonâNeujmin
2421:43P/WolfâHarrington
2321:23P/BrorsenâMetcalf
2123:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
2099:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
2094:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
2074:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
2044:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
2029:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
1653:Minor Planet Center
1508:1978BAICz..29..129K
1454:2006CoSka..36..103P
1409:2015Icar..250..230K
1280:2005Icar..176..175H
1217:1972AcMPh..13...73B
1120:1974AJ.....79..413M
1079:1914PA.....22..607B
972:2019MNRAS.487L..35C
859:1974AJ.....79..413M
695:luminiferous aether
396:orbital inclination
77:1786 I; 1795; 1805;
57:Discovery date
21:
4251:SkorichenkoâGeorge
3846:Aarseth-Brewington
3798:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
3718:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
3698:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
3668:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
3628:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
3613:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
3603:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
3537:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
3522:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
3403:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
3106:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
3014:80P/PetersâHartley
2729:162P/Siding Spring
2606:80P/PetersâHartley
2471:53P/Van Biesbroeck
2396:38P/StephanâOterma
2104:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
2079:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
2069:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
2059:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
2039:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
1999:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
1666:by Seiichi Yoshida
1642:from JPL (Java) /
1640:Orbital simulation
690:scientific history
664:meteoroid stream.
633:
560:
530:On 20 April 2007,
528:
497:In April 1984 the
475:In March 1918 the
436:Comet Encke has a
364:Johann Franz Encke
312:Johann Franz Encke
50:Johann Franz Encke
40:Discovered by
19:
4408:Near-Earth comets
4393:Encke-type comets
4380:
4379:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
3965:IRASâArakiâAlcock
3803:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
3673:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
3480:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
3470:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
3443:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
3418:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
3227:
3226:
3154:
3153:
3116:18D/PerrineâMrkos
2994:55P/TempelâTuttle
2871:7968 ElstâPizarro
2789:273P/PonsâGambart
2734:168P/Hergenrother
2724:161P/HartleyâIRAS
2684:109P/SwiftâTuttle
2526:64P/SwiftâGehrels
2481:55P/TempelâTuttle
2296:18D/PerrineâMrkos
2164:
2163:
2151:Comets in fiction
2054:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
2049:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
2004:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
1930:Comet discoverers
1701:
1700:
1067:Popular Astronomy
684:Comet Encke (and
578:Near-Earth object
523:
477:Greenwich 28-inch
356:Caroline Herschel
253:
252:
100:2023 September 13
4460:
4418:1780s in science
4370:
4369:
4328:
4306:
4298:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
4125:McNaughtâRussell
3813:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
3728:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3713:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
3653:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
3633:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
3623:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
3593:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
3558:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
3517:C/1975 V1 (West)
3498:
3456:
3242:
3241:
2959:
2958:
2714:153P/IkeyaâZhang
2451:49P/ArendâRigaux
2241:7P/PonsâWinnecke
2199:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2170:
2169:
2146:Antimatter comet
2034:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
1915:Naming of comets
1795:
1789:
1742:
1741:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1673:
1672:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1563:. Archived from
1557:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1202:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:
1001:
992:
986:
985:
983:
965:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
915:
909:
908:
901:
895:
894:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
838:
827:
825:
823:
822:
803:
792:
791:
789:
788:
778:
730:
688:) had a role in
609:Effects on Earth
589:
587:
586:
524:
488:Elizabeth Roemer
378:on 2 June 1822.
282:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
161:
29:
22:
18:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4403:Numbered comets
4398:Periodic comets
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4346:
4322:
4300:
3838:
3832:
3823:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
3546:
3492:
3450:
3236:
3234:
3223:
3161:
3150:
3094:
3073:
2948:
2845:
2838:
2641:
2635:
2516:62P/Tsuchinshan
2506:60P/Tsuchinshan
2501:59P/KearnsâKwee
2266:12P/PonsâBrooks
2203:
2193:
2182:
2175:Lists of comets
2160:
2138:
2132:
2117:
2014:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
1982:
1961:
1903:
1796:
1790:
1781:
1736:
1731:
1694:
1684:
1677:Numbered comets
1670:
1636:
1631:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1528:. Bad Astronomy
1519:
1515:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1465:
1461:
1428:
1424:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1100:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1073:(10): 607â610.
1059:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:Kazuo Kinoshita
993:
989:
942:
938:
928:
926:
916:
912:
903:
902:
898:
885:
881:
871:
869:
839:
830:
820:
818:
805:
804:
795:
786:
784:
780:
779:
756:
751:
744:
731:
722:
682:
611:
596:
584:
583:
580:
544:
517:
458:
446:numbered comets
384:
360:Jean-Louis Pons
352:Charles Messier
340:
301:main-belt comet
262:
258:
219:
210:9 February 2027
207:Next perihelion
202:22 October 2023
199:Last perihelion
189:
159:
157:
129:Semi-major axis
82:
80:
78:
74:
60:17 January 1786
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4466:
4456:
4455:
4453:Tunguska event
4450:
4445:
4443:Comets in 2023
4440:
4438:Comets in 2020
4435:
4433:Comets in 2017
4430:
4428:Comets in 2013
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4320:WilsonâHubbard
4317:
4312:
4307:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:311P/PanSTARRS
4184:
4179:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3239:
3233:Near-Parabolic
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:205P/Giacobini
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:358P/PANSTARRS
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:311P/PanSTARRS
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2892:60558 Echeclus
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2834:460P/PanSTARRS
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:311P/PanSTARRS
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:205P/Giacobini
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:51P/Harrington
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:32P/Comas SolĂ
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:24P/Schaumasse
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2166:
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2159:
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2156:Comet vintages
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
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2115:
2111:
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1896:
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1886:
1876:
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1857:Near-parabolic
1849:
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1835:Jupiter-family
1832:
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1552:
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1524:(2019-05-14).
1513:
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1475:. Sci-News.com
1459:
1438:(2): 103â117.
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1274:(1): 175â183.
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1128:10.1086/111560
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987:
956:(1): L35âL39.
936:
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907:. p. 924.
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853:(3): 413â419.
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646:Cosmic Serpent
618:Tunguska event
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564:meteor showers
543:
542:Meteor showers
540:
457:
454:
442:passes the Sun
404:orbital period
383:
380:
348:Pierre MĂ©chain
344:Halley's Comet
339:
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316:Halley's Comet
308:Pierre MĂ©chain
304:311P/PanSTARRS
293:periodic comet
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45:Pierre MĂ©chain
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3067:
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3050:
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3029:113P/Spitaler
3027:
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3017:
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3007:
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2898:118401 LINEAR
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2699:141P/Machholz
2697:
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2110:
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1897:
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1877:
1875:
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1867:Unknown-orbit
1865:
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1777:Meteor shower
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1599:
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1582:
1567:on 2013-12-05
1566:
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1398:
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1379:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1340:on 2009-11-04
1339:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1319:9780387493268
1315:
1311:
1304:
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1281:
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1248:9780521872263
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1199:
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921:
918:Kronk, Gary.
914:
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729:
724:
723:
717:
709:
708:
707:
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691:
687:
686:Biela's Comet
677:
673:
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659:
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629:
625:
623:
619:
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569:
566:known as the
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388:perturbations
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349:
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335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
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294:
290:
286:
285:Encke's Comet
280:
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220:
213:
209:
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197:
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185:
181:
179:
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171:
169:
168:orbital speed
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150:
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142:
140:
136:
132:
130:
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116:
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37:
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28:
23:
4059:C/2001 OG108
3851:ArendâRoland
3212:103P/Hartley
3202:(2005, 2011)
3188:19P/Borrelly
3136:75D/Kohoutek
3121:20D/Westphal
3044:177P/Barnard
3039:157P/Tritton
3034:122P/de Vico
2909:259P/Garradd
2744:177P/Barnard
2704:144P/Kushida
2689:122P/de Vico
2679:108P/Ciffréo
2669:103P/Hartley
2659:96P/Machholz
2591:77P/Longmore
2581:75D/Kohoutek
2436:46P/Wirtanen
2426:44P/Reinmuth
2356:30P/Reinmuth
2306:20D/Westphal
2301:19P/Borrelly
2215:
1899:Interstellar
1852:Non-periodic
1669:
1625:
1618:
1604:
1594:
1591:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1555:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1516:
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1338:the original
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1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1271:
1267:
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1238:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1211:(2): 73â84.
1208:
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1131:. Retrieved
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870:. Retrieved
850:
846:
819:. Retrieved
811:JPL Horizons
785:. Retrieved
734:
714:
693:
683:
674:
669:
666:Fred Whipple
650:Victor Clube
645:
634:
622:Äœubor KresĂĄk
615:
612:
599:
597:
576:
572:Beta Taurids
561:
529:
505:
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462:
459:
456:Observations
450:96P/Machholz
435:
429:) to Earth (
416:
385:
367:
341:
288:
284:
255:
254:
139:Eccentricity
65:Designations
4323: [
4301: [
4197:C/2015 ER61
3906:C/2013 US10
3493: [
3451: [
3146:85D/Boethin
3141:83D/Russell
3126:25D/Neujmin
2929:354P/LINEAR
2887:167P/CINEOS
2877:165P/LINEAR
2859:2060 Chiron
2854:596 Scheila
2824:354P/LINEAR
2819:333P/LINEAR
2779:252P/LINEAR
2774:249P/LINEAR
2759:209P/LINEAR
2654:92P/Sanguin
2631:85D/Boethin
2621:83D/Russell
2616:82P/Gehrels
2596:78P/Gehrels
2546:68P/Klemola
2536:66P/du Toit
2446:48P/Johnson
2416:42P/Neujmin
2406:40P/VÀisÀlÀ
2386:36P/Whipple
2346:28P/Neujmin
2331:25D/Neujmin
2236:6P/d'Arrest
2139:speculation
2137:Culture and
1966:Exploration
1874:Great Comet
1830:Halley-type
1825:Long period
1655:'s Database
1479:29 December
1473:Web Article
1403:: 230â237.
1222:2 September
1114:: 413â419.
1017:28 December
704:outer space
654:Bill Napier
648:(page 155)
504:The failed
472:was Encke.
256:Comet Encke
188:Argument of
178:Inclination
4387:Categories
4271:Stonehouse
4224:SekiâLines
4172:Pan-STARRS
4162:Oukaimeden
4037:C/2000 WM1
3960:Ikeya-Seki
3837:After 1910
3793:2I/Borisov
3551:After 1990
3245:Until 1990
3162:spacecraft
3160:Visited by
3111:5D/Brorsen
3004:69P/Taylor
2979:17P/Holmes
2974:15P/Finlay
2924:331P/Gibbs
2844:Comet-like
2649:88P/Howell
2640:After 1985
2626:84P/Giclas
2556:70P/Kojima
2551:69P/Taylor
2401:39P/Oterma
2391:37P/Forbes
2371:33P/Daniel
2291:17P/Holmes
2286:16P/Brooks
2281:15P/Finlay
2271:13P/Olbers
2256:10P/Tempel
2231:5D/Brorsen
2202:Until 1985
2064:2I/Borisov
1947:Oort cloud
1879:Sungrazing
1862:Hyperbolic
1840:Encke-type
1772:Comet dust
1609:(1.56 MB)
1597:, 711â745.
1571:2014-03-28
1532:2019-05-14
1522:Phil Plait
1344:2009-10-20
1293:22 October
1133:18 October
963:1905.01260
920:"2P/Encke"
821:2022-06-15
787:2023-08-08
749:References
469:arcminutes
438:perihelion
402:and brief
392:outgassing
332:perihelion
245:Dimensions
158:3y 3m 27d
123:0.33960 AU
119:Perihelion
4337:ZhuâBalam
4291:C/2020 F8
4286:C/2012 E2
4281:C/2006 M4
4239:C/2013 A1
4234:C/2007 Q3
4214:PojmaĆski
4202:C/2017 K2
4192:C/2014 Q1
4182:C/2012 K1
4177:C/2011 L4
4167:ʻOumuamua
4157:Nishimura
4145:C/2002 V1
4140:C/2001 Q4
4118:C/2009 R1
4113:C/2006 P1
4091:C/2014 Q2
4086:C/2013 R1
4081:C/2011 W3
4076:C/2007 E2
4064:C/2007 F1
4047:C/2002 T7
4042:C/2001 A2
4032:C/1999 S4
4010:C/2019 U6
4005:C/2018 C2
4000:C/2012 F6
3953:C/1964 N1
3948:C/1963 A1
3938:Hyakutake
3928:Hale-Bopp
3901:C/1999 F1
3886:Bradfield
3861:Beljawsky
3839:(by name)
3282:C/1652 Y1
3237:(notable)
3206:C/2006 P1
3200:9P/Tempel
3176:1P/Halley
3099:Not found
3078:Destroyed
2962:Recovered
2904:238P/Read
2882:166P/NEAT
2846:asteroids
2809:323P/SOHO
2804:322P/SOHO
2784:255P/Levy
2769:246P/NEAT
2764:238P/Read
2739:169P/NEAT
2694:126P/IRAS
2642:(notable)
2561:71P/Clark
2456:50P/Arend
2316:22P/Kopff
2251:9P/Tempel
2246:8P/Tuttle
2211:1P/Halley
2114:C/2014 UN
2084:C/2017 U7
1845:Main-belt
1690:2P/Encke
1686:1P/Halley
1644:Ephemeris
1621:, Vol. 43
1445:0905.1639
1178:0035-8711
1038:SPACE.com
736:MESSENGER
601:MESSENGER
398:near the
338:Discovery
190:periapsis
133:2.2187 AU
34:Discovery
4372:Category
4261:Southern
4108:McNaught
4103:Machholz
3990:Kohoutek
3896:Catalina
3871:Boattini
3194:81P/Wild
3131:34D/Gale
3085:3D/Biela
2611:81P/Wild
2531:65P/Gunn
2521:63P/Wild
2376:34D/Gale
2276:14P/Wolf
2221:3D/Biela
2216:2P/Encke
2192:Periodic
1957:Asteroid
1894:Exocomet
1815:Numbered
1810:Periodic
1767:Antitail
1745:Features
1696:3D/Biela
1683:Previous
1649:2P/Encke
1586:Abstract
815:Archived
637:swastika
556:infrared
532:STEREO-A
400:ecliptic
291:), is a
289:2P/Encke
106:Aphelion
20:2P/Encke
4332:YiâSWAN
4209:Pereyra
4152:NEOWISE
4071:Lovejoy
4017:Leonard
3985:Johnson
3980:Jacques
3975:Iwamoto
3933:Humason
3918:Eclipse
3876:Borisov
3866:Bennett
2226:4P/Faye
1925:Centaur
1908:Related
1889:Extinct
1752:Nucleus
1651:at the
1628:40, #15
1504:Bibcode
1502:: 129.
1450:Bibcode
1405:Bibcode
1383:Whipple
1276:Bibcode
1213:Bibcode
1116:Bibcode
1084:25 July
1075:Bibcode
1043:25 July
968:Bibcode
872:25 July
855:Bibcode
741:Mercury
720:Gallery
668:in his
594:Mercury
582:2004 TG
568:Taurids
552:Spitzer
507:CONTOUR
412:Jupiter
324:nucleus
314:. Like
218:Jupiter
4054:LONEOS
4027:LINEAR
3995:Lemmon
3923:Elenin
3891:Brooks
3881:Bowell
3856:Austin
3235:comets
3220:(2014)
3214:(2010)
3208:(2007)
3196:(2004)
3190:(2001)
3184:(1992)
3178:(1986)
3172:(1985)
2900:(176P)
2894:(174P)
2873:(133P)
2867:(107P)
2194:comets
1987:Latest
1935:LINEAR
1883:Kreutz
1734:Comets
1397:Icarus
1316:
1268:Icarus
1245:
1176:
929:5 July
662:Taurid
320:albedo
249:4.8 km
228:Earth
194:187.3°
182:11.34°
143:0.8469
110:4.098
4327:]
4305:]
4219:Ryves
4130:Mrkos
4098:Lulin
3943:Ikeya
3497:]
3455:]
2861:(95P)
2204:(all)
1802:Types
1762:Tails
1440:arXiv
1201:(PDF)
958:arXiv
558:light
410:with
382:Orbit
283:, or
223:3.025
166:Max.
153:3.30
96:Epoch
4310:West
4276:SWAN
4256:SOHO
4135:NEAT
4022:Levy
3970:ISON
2954:Lost
2829:362P
2179:more
1820:Lost
1757:Coma
1693:Next
1481:2014
1370:NASA
1314:ISBN
1295:2020
1243:ISBN
1224:2020
1174:ISSN
1135:2020
1086:2020
1045:2020
1019:2020
931:2014
874:2020
700:drag
652:and
616:The
390:and
350:and
328:coma
230:MOID
4342:ZTF
2116:271
1413:doi
1401:250
1284:doi
1272:176
1164:doi
1124:doi
997:by
976:doi
954:487
863:doi
374:at
297:Sun
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4325:de
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550:A
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427:mi
423:km
419:AU
155:yr
112:AU
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