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156:. The eight-inch (203 mm) columbiad could project a 65-pound shell 4,400 yards (4,000 m) or 4,800 yards (4,400 m) for solid shot; the weapon weighed 9,240 pounds (4,190 kg). The ten-inch (254 mm) columbiad weighed 15,400 pounds (7,000 kg) and hefted a 128-pound shell to 4,800 yards (4,400 m) or solid shot to 5,600 yards (5,100 m). These
431:
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was designed to reduce cracking and other weaknesses found in such large iron castings. The process involved ensured the iron cooled evenly from the inside out, and resulted in what we might call today a "soda bottle" shaped casting with smooth, tapered exterior. The "Rodman" process also allowed the
349:
six feet (1.8 m) thick, is 900 feet (270 m) long, and has a bore with a diameter of nine feet (2.7 m). It weighs more than 68,000 short tons (61,700 metric tons or 60,700 long tons) and is therefore cast directly in the ground, rather than being mounted on rails. The cannon is then
221:
produced eight-inch (203 mm), ten-inch (254 mm), fifteen-inch (381 mm) and twenty-inch Rodman style columbiads. The smaller-bore columbiads shared similar range factors to the older weapons, but the fifteen-inch (381 mm) models weighed over 25
265:
around the U.S. In the late 1870s several were rifled and tested for use against modern steel-clad ships, with poor results. Strapped for funding, the post-war army continued to carry smooth-bore columbiads on inventory lists until after the
437:
The foreground weapon is a 10-inch Model 1844 columbiad, banded and rifled, recently captured by the Union at Fort
Johnson in Charleston Harbor. The carriage has been cut through by the Confederates to deny the weapon's use to the
226:
and could fire 400-pound projectiles out to 5,000 yards (4,600 m). The monster twenty-inch model weighed over 60 tons but could range to over 5 miles (8.0 km). Very few of the largest types were built, and none were
254:. In addition, the Confederates produced limited quantities of eight-inch (203 mm) and ten-inch (254 mm) columbiads without the Rodman process; these could not withstand sustained use. The Confederates also
151:
were armed with this weapon, the Army did not widely adopt early columbiads due to initial high costs of manufacture. Only after 1844 did an eight-inch (203 mm) model and a ten-inch (254 mm) model see
103:
until the early years of the 20th century. Very few columbiads were used outside of the U.S. and
Confederate Armies; nevertheless, the columbiad is considered by some as the inspiration for the later shell-only
781:
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410:, Louisiana. Unlike this mounting, the Port Hudson gun was mounted to fire in any direction, and was so effective that Union troops referred to it as the “Demoralizer”.
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as an experimental coastal defense gun. This gun was built in 1811, and was one of the first weapons that were later referred to as columbiads. Photographed in
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A vastly scaled-down depiction of this fictional cannon was built as a launch cannon for the French version of
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377:", the ride was loosely based on Verne's novel, and the attraction's exterior was built using a Verne-era
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developed an improved version of the columbiad, which became known by his name. Specifically the
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with accompanying historical markers, commemorating the 19th-century seacoast fortifications.
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were used to transport these guns to the forts where they were emplaced in gun carriages.
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Artillerists and
Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications 1794-1815
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ball, a bullet-shaped projectile is later designed with the purpose of carrying people.
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Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
592:. Vol. Five: Forts and Artillery. New York: Castle Books. pp. 141 & 169.
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James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
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Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
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This article is about the type of cannon gun. For the literary work, see
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50-pounder Model 1811 columbiad and center-pivot mounting designed by
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1417:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
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531:"Seacoast Fortifications of the United States", Emanuel Lewis, 1970,
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The first columbiads produced in 1811 had a 7.25-inch (184 mm)
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After the Civil War, many columbiads remained in place at seacoast
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weapons were typically mounted on seacoast carriages designed to
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338:. Although the cannon is originally designed to fire a hollow
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also used columbiads extensively, mostly stocks captured from
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some columbiads in an effort to improve weapon performance.
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Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
495:
The Big Guns, Civil War Siege, Seacoast, and Naval Cannon
488:
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bore and fired a fifty-pound projectile. Although some
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701:
1351:
8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
217:
Between 1858 and the end of the Civil War, Northern
626:
Columbiad by Jules Verne from the Earth to the Moon
68:. This feature enabled the columbiad to fire solid
567:. Mclean, Virginia: CDSG Press. pp. 137–139.
16:Type of large-caliber cannon from the 19th century
1605:
1131:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
362:to leave Earth's atmosphere and reach the Moon.
350:loaded with 400,000 pounds (180,000 kg) of
250:. These acquitted themselves well against early
406:, Virginia, similar to one in Battery Four at
687:
188:of pivot was less than 180 degrees, but some
805:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
757:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
552:. Charleston: The Battery Press. p. 71.
517:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
214:manufacture of much larger bore columbiads.
870:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
742:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
694:
680:
80:, making it an excellent seacoast defense
958:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
915:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
643:Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War
590:The Photographic History of The Civil War
550:Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War
303:
292:around the United States, as well as in
126:
119:
29:
820:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
1606:
1442:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1437:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1394:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
640:
587:
547:
1291:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
1010:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
675:
649:
465:Seacoast defense in the United States
402:columbiad on a center pivot mount in
1414:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
880:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
782:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
645:. Charleston, SC: The Battery Press.
562:
398:A Confederate 10-inch (254 mm)
373:. Originally named "Space Mountain:
345:This fictional columbiad is made of
1427:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
930:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
810:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
334:, with the purpose of striking the
95:, in 1811, columbiads were used in
13:
1510:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
1457:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
1389:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
1121:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
1005:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
875:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
634:
588:Miller, Francis Trevelyan (1957).
472:– US Navy equivalent of columbiads
277:Many columbiads are on display at
36:Fort Donelson National Battlefield
34:Ten-inch Confederate columbiad at
14:
1640:
934:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
703:Weapons of the American Civil War
659:
422:Columbiad (1964 reproduction) at
920:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
493:Olmstead, Stark, Tucker (1997).
443:
430:
415:
391:
1432:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
1186:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
1181:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
1176:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
995:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
948:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
1356:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
1206:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
1201:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
938:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
619:
607:
596:
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556:
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497:. Museum Restoration Service.
176:. The mounted columbiad could
97:United States seacoast defense
1:
815:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
476:
299:
274:rifled cannon replaced them.
192:allowed 360-degree traverse.
1619:American Civil War artillery
1379:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
1299:Gatling I and II machine gun
1111:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
825:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
7:
1171:Springfield M1847 musketoon
1060:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
1025:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
1020:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
1015:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
835:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
762:M1852 naval officer's sword
752:M1840 light artillery saber
458:
10:
1645:
1077:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
925:Smith & Wesson Model 1
860:Colt M1862 Police revolver
840:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
830:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
734:M1832 foot artillery sword
652:From the Earth to the Moon
384:
319:From the Earth to the Moon
115:
84:for its day. Invented by
25:Columbiad (disambiguation)
18:
1522:
1465:
1404:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
1399:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
1384:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
1364:
1341:
1332:
1276:
1219:
971:
895:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
890:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
790:
772:M1860 light cavalry saber
709:
358:) to give the projectile
1480:Bomford Columbiad cannon
1166:Springfield M1842 musket
1161:Springfield M1840 musket
1156:Springfield M1835 musket
1151:Springfield M1822 musket
1146:Springfield M1816 musket
1141:Springfield M1812 musket
1136:Springfield M1795 musket
1055:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
1050:Hall-North M1843 carbine
1035:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
910:Remington M1858 revolver
865:Colt Root M1855 revolver
855:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
850:Colt M1860 Army revolver
845:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
246:arsenals at the time of
184:rail. In most cases the
1505:Rodman Columbiad cannon
1240:Double-barreled shotgun
1092:Mississippi M1841 rifle
1030:Enfield P1861 musketoon
641:Ripley, Warren (1984).
563:Wade, Arthur P (2011).
548:Ripley, Warren (1984).
108:developed by Frenchman
1040:Gallager M1861 carbine
1000:Burnside M1855 carbine
963:Whitney M1857 revolver
943:Tranter M1856 revolver
616:- Retrieved 2012-02-28
604:- Retrieved 2016-10-08
309:
140:
124:
38:
23:. For other uses, see
1409:Blakely rifled cannon
1319:Vandenberg volley gun
1211:Whitworth P1857 rifle
1196:Tarpley M1863 carbine
1087:Merrill M1858 carbine
1082:Maynard M1851 carbine
985:Augustin M1842 musket
650:Verne, Jules (1865).
375:De la Terre Ă la Lune
307:
207:Thomas Jackson Rodman
137:Clear Lake, Wisconsin
130:
123:
112:some 30 years later.
110:Henri-Joseph Paixhans
64:at both high and low
33:
1485:Brooke rifled cannon
1452:Pate revolver cannon
1324:Williams machine gun
1309:Pate revolver cannon
1245:Hale rocket launcher
1106:Potzdam M1831 musket
953:Walch M1859 revolver
905:Moore M1864 revolver
900:LeMat M1856 revolver
800:Adams M1851 revolver
322:, a giant columbiad
268:Spanish–American War
1573:Maynard tape primer
1295:Claxton machine gun
1191:Starr M1858 carbine
1126:Smith M1857 carbine
990:Ballard M1861 rifle
885:Kerr M1855 revolver
747:M1840 cavalry saber
738:M1833 dragoon saber
360:sufficient velocity
180:left or right on a
149:Second System forts
60:able to fire heavy
1314:Ripley machine gun
1304:Gorgas machine gun
1278:Rapid fire weapons
719:Arkansas toothpick
332:American Civil War
326:is constructed in
310:
240:Confederate States
197:American Civil War
195:Just prior to the
141:
125:
93:United States Army
39:
1614:Coastal artillery
1601:
1600:
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1472:Coastal artillery
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668:historical marker
614:Columbiad cannons
574:978-0-9748167-2-2
252:ironclad warships
1636:
1629:203 mm artillery
1490:Carronade cannon
1416:
1339:
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1286:Ager machine gun
1268:Winans Steam Gun
1097:P1839 and P1842
1045:Hall M1819 rifle
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367:Space Mountain
328:Tampa, Florida
308:The projectile
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272:breech-loading
270:, when modern
263:fortifications
229:fired in anger
201:Ordnance Corps
164:up a slightly
133:George Bomford
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89:George Bomford
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404:Fort Darling
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172:" or wooden
142:
66:trajectories
45:was a large-
42:
40:
729:Bowie knife
452:Fort Sumter
408:Port Hudson
381:influence.
316:1865 novel
290:courthouses
233:Sling carts
101:War of 1812
62:projectiles
1608:Categories
1578:Minié ball
1528:cartridges
1524:Ammunition
1099:Brown Bess
477:References
356:gun cotton
352:"pyroxyle"
330:after the
300:In fiction
294:city parks
211:Rodman gun
182:traversing
51:smoothbore
1568:Gunpowder
1543:.44 Henry
1538:.22 Short
1334:Artillery
1230:Coach gun
666:Columbiad
513:cite book
347:cast iron
324:space gun
248:secession
219:foundries
190:batteries
158:cast-iron
99:from the
43:columbiad
1263:Sea mine
1066:Mule ear
792:Sidearms
459:See also
340:aluminum
168:set of "
166:inclined
145:diameter
76:to long
1343:Mortars
1068:carbine
977:muskets
724:Bayonet
385:Gallery
279:Federal
244:Federal
204:officer
116:History
106:cannons
86:Colonel
47:caliber
1624:Cannon
1593:Ramrod
1101:musket
973:Rifles
571:
535:
501:
438:Union.
400:Rodman
256:rifled
162:recoil
82:weapon
78:ranges
58:cannon
1467:Naval
1366:Field
286:parks
283:state
178:pivot
174:beams
170:rails
74:shell
975:and
569:ISBN
533:ISBN
519:link
499:ISBN
336:Moon
281:and
238:The
224:tons
70:shot
41:The
1469:and
1368:and
369:at
312:In
186:arc
72:or
1610::
1526:,
515:}}
511:{{
485:^
199:,
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354:(
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27:.
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