212:
certainty; yet so it fareth with me, that in perusing as well those abbreviations I have noted out of
Domesday and other records âŠ, as also those notes I have quoted out of ancient registers and books which have fallen into my hands within these xxx. years, I have found the diversity of measurement so variable and different in every ⊠place in the realm, as I was in a mammering âŠ.
195:, tackled the broad historical picture from pre-Roman times; some specialised in common law developments from the twelfth century. However, others began a serious study of the early-medieval origins of English culture and identity. In so doing, they made considerable use of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts in both Old English and Latin to supplement still thin published sources.
179:, wealthy collectors of old manuscripts and a few professional archivists. They met in London during each law term unless plague intervened. Using the notebook of one member, Francis Tate, Wright dates 22 meetings from 1590 to 1601. Thereafter, meetings became less regular, not only owing to plague but also to the suspicions of the government of
36:: some form of learned institution, conceived as having royal backing and a leading role in the intellectual life of the nation. Definite calls for an English Academy came in 1617, based on the Italian model dating back to the 16th century; they were followed up later, after the 1635 founding of the
516:
were interested once more in the idea of an academy. Evelyn's experience abroad included a meeting of the
Umoristi, an academy in Rome devoted to verse and linguistic matters. Language now became aspect of the "English Academy" issue that continued to resonate with English literati, and was floated
71:
as an active educational and regulatory body. In fact no such
Academy would be set up, though discussion of the perceived need for one continued into the eighteenth century. The development of ideas on the language-regulation function of a putative English Academy was studied initially by Hermann
216:
Society members consulted Agard for advice on what material might be available. He had been deputy chamberlain of the exchequer since 1570, responsible for what would be a 40-year project to compile inventories of the four treasuries at
Westminster, which contained both royal and abbey records.
211:
Although I must confess that in this proposition I have more travelled than in any of the former, for that it concerneth me more to understand the right thereof, especially in that sundry have resorted to me thereabouts to know whether I have in my custody any records that avouch the same in
424:'s setting up of an actual educational institution, his Musaeum Minervae, in his own home in Covent Garden. The king gave money, and the academy admitted young gentlemen only, on exclusive grounds. The tutors were hand-picked by Kynaston. The new institution was satirised, though mildly, by
72:
Martin
Flasdieck. Flasdieck distinguished three phases: first private initiatives up to the middle of the 17th century; then the Restoration period in which the Royal Society and its membership took an interest; and a later period in which proposals to mirror the French
457:. The full course was to occupy seven years; no gentleman was âto exercise himself at once about more than two particular sciences, arts, or qualities, whereof one shall be intellectual, the other corporall.â The regent taught the following subjects:
1859:"§9. Educational Projects after the Restoration: Cowley's "Proposition". XV. Education. Vol. 9. From Steele and Addison to Pope and Swift. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes. 1907â21"
186:
Two subjects for discussion were agreed in advance of meetings and every member was expected to contribute. They aimed to âconstruct a detailed and credible account of the origins and development of the
English people.â Some, influenced by
202:
in the eighteenth century and these give several indications of how the antiquaries worked. For example, on 24 November 1599, the
Society chose to discuss the antiquity, etymology and variety of English terms used to measure land.
643:
as chartered by
William III, with a modernised curriculum. He proposed a tax on publications to support it, but was opposed in Parliament and met with serious resistance from the universities. At the same period Daniel Defoe in his
658:, advocated an academy for regulating the English language. In the form of a call for a "national dictionary" to regulate the English language, on the French model, this conception had much support from Augustan men of letters:
123:
and the younger sons of gentlemen. The proposed course included subjects seen as practical, as well as classical studies. This conception already had a generation of history behind it: in the reign of Henry VIII
445:. He furnished it with books, manuscripts, musical and mathematical instruments, paintings, and statues, at his own expense. He was himself the regent, and his friends Edward May, Michael Mason, Thomas Hunt,
2064:"§13. Cavils of Swift and Defoe. XV. Education. Vol. 9. From Steele and Addison to Pope and Swift. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes. 1907â21"
517:
by small groups from time to time; and Evelyn himself was a constant advocate of attention to it. Evelyn sent Boyle a plan, costed at something over ÂŁ1000, in a letter from in
September 1659; in 1660
376:. Bolton proposed a complex structure, an outer ring of membership (listing 84), and a role in censorship of publications outside theology, all supported by a subsidy. He gained some support from
726:
2114:
A Proposal for
Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue: In a Letter to the Most Honourable Robert, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain
357:'s riding academy, which included varied studies. The project was intended to cover mathematics and languages as well as equestrian skills, but was cut short by the Prince's death.
718:. The proposal was later rejected by the Continental Congress due to concerns of individual liberty, and marked one of the earliest instances of the governmentâs consideration of
322:
and others petitioned Elizabeth I to establish a national library and academy, having in mind an institution for antiquarian study. The Society paid attention to the
543:
in 1661 conspicuously and in detail advocated a "philosophical college" near central London, that would function as an innovating educational institution, in his
1299:
Wilfrid Prest, âLey, James, first earl of Marlborough (1550â1629)â, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009
140:
academy. Bacon had then taken the idea further and combined it with legal experience of wardship, and in a paper of 1561 made a recommendation to the queen.
1968:
1918:
1632:
1599:
1566:
1430:
1384:
1351:
1314:
1257:
1224:
1175:
1142:
1097:
1042:
1009:
947:
Ovenden, Richard (2006). "The libraries of the antiquaries (c. 1580â1640) and the idea of a national collection". In Leedham-Green, E.; Webber, T. (eds.).
873:
840:
612:
297:
67:
and medieval history. They represented a conservative wing in the larger discussion, and in different ways they informed approaches to the idea of a
453:
published by Kynaston in 1636, only the nobility and gentry were to be admitted to the college, the object of which was to prepare candidates for a
2432:
446:
400:, dates also from this period at the end of the reign of James I. It is an orderly and royally authorised institute for research. Bacon's follower
380:, who put forward a plan (attributed to Prince Henry) in the 1621 Parliament; but nothing came of it. The end of the reign put an end to the plan.
360:
The suppression of the Society of Antiquaries having left a hiatus in intellectual life, at least as far as antiquarian interests were concerned,
80:
962:
83:; but they formed part of a wider debate including the role of the universities, and the foundation of new institutions such as the successive
261:
1127:
G. Lloyd Jones, âBroughton, Hugh (1549â1612)â, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2013
1287:
J. D. Alsop, âLambarde, William (1536â1601)â, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008
771:
975:
John Niles, The Idea of Anglo-Saxon England, 1066-1901: Remembering, Forgetting, Deciphering and Renewing the Past (Chichester, 2015), 78
929:
C. Wright, âThe Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries and the formation of the Cottonian Libraryâ in Francis Wormald & C. Wright (eds),
2238:
2447:
594:
2427:
586:
1415:
1206:
917:
711:
578:
556:
377:
160:
685:, invoking "English liberty" against the prescription involved: he predicted disobedience of an academy supposed to set usage.
17:
2467:
2412:
2139:
2095:
1839:
590:
602:
529:
version of the concept with Boyle and others, on a similar scale. These ideas were overtaken by Boyle's involvement in the
63:
The proposals for an English Academy were initially and typically characterised by an antiquarian interest, for example in
32:
During the early part of the 17th century, and persisting in some form into the early 18th century, there were a number of
481:
364:
brought forward a plan for a royal academy (his "academ roial"). In 1617 a list of 27 names was put forward: it included
581:
set up, around 1682, a literary society that attracted the name 'academy'. It involved Dryden, other participants being
1520:
619:, equated some English clubs of the Restoration period with groups who in France or Italy would be called "academies".
582:
281:
826:
699:
Arnold denied that he supported setting up an English Academy, guying the likely membership as establishment figures.
2217:
2166:
1883:
1707:
1548:
1336:
Barrett L. Beer, âStow , John (1524/5â1605)â, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
933:, (London, 1958), 185. M. Stuckey, ââ...this Society tendeth...â: Elite Prosopography in Elizabethan Legal Historyâ,
2351:
Lee, Patricia-Ann (Autumn 1970). "Some English Academies: An Experiment in the Education of Renaissance Gentlemen".
2402:
2397:
1807:
1768:
1080:
401:
350:
693:, was positive in assessing the French and Italian cultural academies; but marks an endpoint in the tradition. In
1462:
991:
A collection of curious discourses written by eminent antiquaries upon several heads in our English antiquities
703:
442:
88:
473:. Music, dancing and behaviour, riding, sculpture, and writing also formed important parts of the curriculum.
2407:
92:
1801:
2422:
1762:
1662:
675:
327:
1784:
1724:
2417:
715:
199:
353:
revived by his patronage Humphrey Gilbert's proposal. He combined that concept with the French model of
1074:
497:
287:
801:
369:
302:
256:
220:
The Society was eventually closed down owing to the disapproval of James I. Those involved included:
129:
125:
605:. Their linguistic interests extended mainly to issues of translation. This group was documented by
678:'s reign some royal backing was again possible, but that ended with the change of monarch in 1714.
560:
365:
163:. These groups with Gresham College comprised the centre of English scientific life at the period.
555:
in 1665 to plan an academy, as was recalled later by Evelyn: Cowley and Sprat were involved, with
2472:
2457:
2442:
2181:
598:
477:
417:
323:
236:
175:
met from around 1586 to around 1607. The membership comprised successful lawyers, members of the
37:
1831:
779:
2452:
628:
449:, John Spiedal (Spidall), and Walter Salter were professors in various areas. According to the
151:
from 1570 to the early 1580s has been identified as a prototype 'academy'. His circle included
2314:
2207:
2156:
2129:
1903:
1873:
1697:
2462:
2085:
2022:
986:
2037:
719:
530:
137:
2286:
8:
2477:
695:
640:
354:
319:
1800:
1743:
2376:
2368:
2339:
2310:
1824:
1761:
1493:
1485:
956:
632:
397:
383:
176:
778:. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster Inc. Publishers. pp. 7aâ11a. Archived from
2437:
2380:
2213:
2162:
2135:
2091:
1879:
1835:
1703:
1544:
1516:
1497:
606:
493:
373:
2016:
2360:
2331:
2234:
1973:
1923:
1637:
1604:
1571:
1477:
1435:
1389:
1356:
1262:
1229:
1180:
1147:
1102:
1073:
1047:
1014:
878:
845:
485:
421:
276:
266:
241:
231:
112:
1985:
1935:
1649:
1616:
1583:
1447:
1401:
1368:
1323:
1274:
1241:
1192:
1159:
1114:
1059:
1026:
890:
857:
404:
was later rumoured to be intending to set up an actual institution, in London, or
79:
Nothing much came directly of such proposals, typically for an "academy royal" or
2112:
500:
suggested an academy to oversee public welfare, as part of his reforming scheme.
430:
405:
271:
84:
68:
2203:
2185:
1927:
1641:
1575:
1439:
1393:
1360:
1337:
1300:
1288:
1266:
1233:
849:
686:
682:
671:
663:
651:
636:
540:
489:
335:
312:
251:
246:
188:
180:
156:
1977:
1608:
1210:
1184:
1151:
1128:
1106:
1051:
882:
2391:
2005:, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes Vol. 6, (1943), pp. 216â220
1998:
1018:
552:
534:
496:
revived the idea of an academy on Kynaston's lines in a series of pamphlets.
438:
425:
387:
361:
152:
96:
681:
The whole idea later met stern opposition, however, from the lexicographer
659:
572:
548:
518:
513:
392:
307:
225:
204:
198:
A large number of the contributions to their discussions were published by
133:
52:
2322:
Freeman, Edmund (July 1924). "A Proposal for an English Academy in 1660".
815:
Der Gedanke einer englischen Sprachakademie in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart
568:
564:
509:
339:
331:
172:
48:
44:
2063:
1858:
27:
History of the efforts to establish a regulator for the English language
2343:
1900:
Establishing the New Science: the experience of the early Royal Society
1536:
1515:. Clark Constable for the Scottish History Society. pp. lxvâlxvi.
1489:
1205:
Stuart Handley, âCotton, Sir Robert Bruce, first baronet (1571â1631)â,
707:
526:
466:
454:
120:
100:
2372:
702:
During his 1780 diplomatic mission to Amsterdam, statesman, and later
656:
Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue
571:, and others. After only a little progress, London was subject to the
470:
292:
2335:
1481:
2364:
2260:
1680:
Censorship and the Institution of Knowledge in Bacon's New Atlantis
547:. One supporter of an English Academy to regulate the language was
522:
458:
148:
144:
64:
916:{{Christina DeCoursey, âSociety of Antiquaries (act. 1586â1607)â,
2042:
Survey of London: volumes 31 and 32: St James Westminster, Part 2
2287:"About the English Academy | English Academy of Southern Africa"
1510:
639:(1650â1716) had some initial success in promoting his school in
207:(or Agarde), the Societyâs most respected member, was hesitant:
551:
of the Royal Society, founded in 1662. A group actually met in
1826:
Literature and Utopian Politics in Seventeenth-Century England
1725:"The New Academy; or, The New Exchange: Critical Introduction"
476:
The academy idea was still in the air in the years before the
492:
spoke of a pilot scheme he had run. In the years 1648â1650
462:
342:, a member and M.P., involved in the parliamentary debate.
1463:"Erudition and the Idea of History in Renaissance England"
545:
Proposition for the Advancement of Experimental Philosophy
949:
The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland
710:
advocated for an official English Academy as part of the
635:
a proposed Royal Academies Company was a lottery scheme.
166:
2261:"A National Language Academy? Debate in the New Nation"
2127:
1209:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed., May 2011
1541:
Henry Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance
951:. Vol. 1: To 1640. Cambridge. pp. 529â530.
920:(Oxford, 2004), oxforddnb.com/view/article/72906}}
103:projects that failed to get off the drawing board.
2265:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
1823:
338:, papers read on names for "Britain" in 1604, and
2018:Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market
1511:Bruce R. Galloway; Brian P. Levack, eds. (1985).
1418:(Oxford, 2004), oxforddnb.com/view/article/72906
99:, which had very different fates, as well as the
2389:
2209:Arnold: 'Culture and Anarchy' and other writings
1821:
503:
1950:Dryden and the Modes of Restoration Sociability
1630:Adolph, Anthony R. J. S. "Segar, Sir William".
441:, for the college, with ambitions to move into
437:Kynaston gave his own house in Bedford Street,
2110:
2014:
1667:Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution
2021:. Scribner, Armstrong & Company. p.
758:Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage
2128:C.M. Millward; Mary Hayes (1 January 2011).
2083:
1972:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1922:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1636:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1603:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1570:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1434:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1388:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1355:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1261:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1228:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1179:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1146:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1101:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1046:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1013:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1002:
1000:
877:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
844:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
132:) had reported on a project to create a new
2235:"Proposal for an American Language Academy"
2212:. Cambridge University Press. p. 191.
1853:
1851:
1811:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885â1900.
1772:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885â1900.
1318:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1084:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885â1900.
2239:Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)
1789:. Cambridge University Press. p. 182.
961:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
533:which led shortly to the formation of the
2161:. Harvard University Press. p. 197.
1952:, p. 185, in Steven N. Zwicker (editor),
997:
2035:
1966:Gillespie, Stuart. "Dillon, Wentworth".
1848:
871:Tittler, Robert. "Bacon, Sir Nicholas".
159:, and was closely linked to that around
106:
2433:George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
2321:
1969:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1919:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1786:Pioneers of Modern Education: 1600-1700
1782:
1682:, pp. 185â6 in Bronwen Price (editor),
1633:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1600:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1567:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1431:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1416:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1385:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1352:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1315:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1258:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1225:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1207:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1176:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1143:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1140:Herendeen, Wyman H. "Camden, William".
1098:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1095:McConnell, Anita. "Brerewood, Edward".
1043:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1010:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
946:
918:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
874:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
841:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
838:Rapple, Rory. "Gilbert, Sir Humphrey".
579:Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon
557:George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
378:George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
161:Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland
14:
2390:
2201:
2154:
1954:The Cambridge Companion to John Dryden
1878:. Yale University Press. p. 155.
1830:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1741:
1722:
1702:. Yale University Press. p. 156.
1695:
1535:
1513:The Jacobean Union: Six tracts of 1604
769:
484:brought forward a proposal during the
334:written by Cotton and another member,
167:The Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries
58:
2259:Heath, Shirley Brice (4 April 1977).
2258:
2232:
1965:
1871:
1564:Manning, John J. "Haward, Sir John".
1460:
1414:DeCoursey, âSociety of Antiquariesâ,
1139:
1094:
1040:Bendall, Sarah. "Barnham, Benedict".
984:
776:Webster's Dictionary of English Usage
591:Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset
411:
345:
117:The erection of an achademy in London
2279:
2090:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 83.
1596:
1428:Knafla, Louis A. "Thynne, Francis".
1381:
1312:Sherlock, Peter. "Patten, William".
1311:
1222:Doyle, Sheila. "Hakewill, William".
465:and the principles and processes of
2350:
2190:Literary Criticism: A Short History
2131:A Biography of the English Language
1875:English Travellers Abroad 1604â1667
1563:
1039:
987:"Dimensions of the Land of England"
870:
691:The Literary Influence of Academies
482:Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel
24:
2304:
2044:. Institute of Historical Research
1915:
1742:Sutton, Dana F. (5 October 1999).
1629:
1427:
1349:Martin, G. H. "Strangman, James".
1348:
1172:
1006:
993:. Vol. i. London. p. 43.
837:
772:"A Brief History of English Usage"
744:Albert Croll Baugh, Thomas Cable,
727:English Academy of Southern Africa
622:
583:George Savile, Marquess of Halifax
372:. A similar list in 1624 included
119:, concerned with the education of
25:
2489:
2134:. Cengage Learning. p. 237.
2003:An Italian in Restoration England
1822:Robert Appelbaum (4 April 2002).
1699:John Evelyn: Living for Ingenuity
1597:Broadway, Jan. "Ferrers, Henry".
1382:Mortimer, Ian. "Talbot, Thomas".
1255:Alsop, J. D. "Heneage, Michael".
1254:
1221:
746:A History of the English Language
627:At the beginning of the reign of
136:, conceived along the lines of a
2448:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
2316:An English Academy of Literature
2233:Adams, John (5 September 1780).
2038:"Kingly and Carnaby Street Area"
2036:Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1963).
1808:Dictionary of National Biography
1769:Dictionary of National Biography
1081:Dictionary of National Biography
351:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
34:proposals for an English Academy
2428:English as an official language
2252:
2226:
2195:
2175:
2148:
2121:
2104:
2077:
2056:
2029:
2008:
1992:
1959:
1942:
1916:Morgan, John. "Sprat, Thomas".
1909:
1892:
1865:
1815:
1793:
1776:
1754:
1748:Kynaston's Troilus and Cressida
1735:
1716:
1689:
1672:
1656:
1623:
1590:
1557:
1529:
1504:
1454:
1421:
1408:
1375:
1342:
1330:
1305:
1293:
1281:
1248:
1215:
1199:
1166:
1133:
1121:
1088:
1066:
1033:
1007:Martin, G. H. "Agard, Arthur".
978:
969:
940:
931:The English Library Before 1700
923:
910:
2353:History of Education Quarterly
1898:Michael Cyril William Hunter,
1783:Adamson, John William (1921).
897:
864:
831:
820:
808:
794:
763:
751:
738:
704:President of the United States
416:The foundation in 1635 of the
13:
1:
1173:Mendyk, S. "Carew, Richard".
770:Gilman, E. Ward, ed. (1989).
732:
504:After the Restoration of 1660
386:, the proposal or model from
76:met with serious opposition.
2468:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
2413:History of the Royal Society
2084:Daniel Defoe (1 June 2004).
1986:UK public library membership
1936:UK public library membership
1684:Francis Bacon's New Atlantis
1650:UK public library membership
1617:UK public library membership
1584:UK public library membership
1461:Woolf, D. R. (Spring 1987).
1448:UK public library membership
1402:UK public library membership
1369:UK public library membership
1324:UK public library membership
1275:UK public library membership
1242:UK public library membership
1193:UK public library membership
1160:UK public library membership
1115:UK public library membership
1060:UK public library membership
1027:UK public library membership
891:UK public library membership
858:UK public library membership
648:had a section on academies.
328:Jacobean debate on the Union
171:The College (or Society) of
7:
2158:Samuel Johnson: A Biography
989:. In Hearne, Thomas (ed.).
716:Second Continental Congress
461:, a practical knowledge of
10:
2494:
2324:The Modern Language Review
1802:"Gerbier, Balthazar"
1750:. The Philological Museum.
498:Peter Chamberlen the third
1763:"Kynaston, Francis"
2202:Arnold, Matthew (1993).
1723:Leslie, Michael (2010).
1696:Darley, Gillian (2006).
1543:. Pimlico. p. 161.
143:The home and library of
2403:18th century in England
2398:17th century in England
2182:William K. Wimsatt, Jr.
2111:Jonathan Swift (1712).
2015:Walter Bagehot (1873).
1731:. University of London.
599:Sir Charles Scarborough
478:First English Civil War
420:coincided closely with
324:succession to Elizabeth
128:(with Robert Carey and
2155:Martin, Peter (2008).
1928:10.1093/ref:odnb/26173
1642:10.1093/ref:odnb/25033
1576:10.1093/ref:odnb/12794
1440:10.1093/ref:odnb/27420
1394:10.1093/ref:odnb/26942
1361:10.1093/ref:odnb/69727
1267:10.1093/ref:odnb/12919
1234:10.1093/ref:odnb/11891
907:, p. 60 and pp. 171â2.
850:10.1093/ref:odnb/10690
802:"L'Academie Francaise"
609:, Roscommon's friend.
469:, antiquities, coins,
396:for an institution of
214:
18:College of Antiquaries
1978:10.1093/ref:odnb/7667
1609:10.1093/ref:odnb/9362
1470:Renaissance Quarterly
1185:10.1093/ref:odnb/4635
1152:10.1093/ref:odnb/4431
1107:10.1093/ref:odnb/3335
1075:"Beale, Robert"
1052:10.1093/ref:odnb/1488
883:10.1093/ref:odnb/1002
729:was founded in 1961.
209:
107:Elizabethan proposals
2408:Education in England
1872:Stoye, John (1989).
1729:Richard Brome Online
1338:accessed 12 Jan 2017
1019:10.1093/ref:odnb/206
748:(1993), pp. 259â265.
720:linguistic diversity
531:1660 committee of 12
2423:Language regulators
2087:Essay Upon Projects
1948:Katsuhiro Engetsu,
1301:accessed 7 Dec 2016
1289:accessed 7 Dec 2016
1211:accessed 5 Dec 2016
1129:accessed 7 Dec 2016
714:in a letter to the
696:Culture and Anarchy
689:, in an 1862 essay
646:Essay upon Projects
641:King Street, London
617:The Italian Reviv'd
355:Antoine de Pluvinel
320:Robert Bruce Cotton
111:In the early 1570s
59:Historical overview
2418:Lists of proposals
2289:. 26 February 2020
782:on 1 December 2008
712:federal government
418:Académie française
412:Kynaston's academy
398:natural philosophy
346:Jacobean proposals
177:College of Heralds
2141:978-0-495-90641-4
2097:978-1-4191-1823-4
1984:(Subscription or
1934:(Subscription or
1841:978-1-139-43286-3
1648:(Subscription or
1615:(Subscription or
1582:(Subscription or
1446:(Subscription or
1400:(Subscription or
1367:(Subscription or
1322:(Subscription or
1273:(Subscription or
1240:(Subscription or
1191:(Subscription or
1158:(Subscription or
1113:(Subscription or
1058:(Subscription or
1025:(Subscription or
903:Peter J. French,
889:(Subscription or
856:(Subscription or
670:135 in 1711) and
613:Giovanni Torriano
607:Knightly Chetwood
494:Balthazar Gerbier
434:(dated to 1636).
374:Sir William Segar
262:Sir Robert Cotton
16:(Redirected from
2485:
2384:
2347:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2283:
2277:
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2272:
2256:
2250:
2249:
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2199:
2193:
2179:
2173:
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2152:
2146:
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2125:
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2118:
2108:
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2101:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2012:
2006:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1963:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1913:
1907:
1902:(1989), p. 157;
1896:
1890:
1889:
1869:
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1862:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1829:
1819:
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1752:
1751:
1739:
1733:
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1720:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1687:
1676:
1670:
1663:Christopher Hill
1660:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1561:
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1467:
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1397:
1379:
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1309:
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1252:
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1237:
1219:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1170:
1164:
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1155:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1004:
995:
994:
982:
976:
973:
967:
966:
960:
952:
944:
938:
927:
921:
914:
908:
901:
895:
894:
886:
868:
862:
861:
853:
835:
829:
824:
818:
812:
806:
805:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
767:
761:
755:
749:
742:
674:. At the end of
587:Richard Maitland
561:Matthew Clifford
521:, a follower of
486:Short Parliament
422:Francis Kynaston
366:Sir John Hayward
277:William Lambarde
267:William Hakewill
242:Edward Brerewood
232:Benedict Barnham
113:Humphrey Gilbert
21:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2388:
2387:
2336:10.2307/3714671
2311:Isaac D'Israeli
2307:
2305:Further reading
2302:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2204:Collini, Stefan
2200:
2196:
2192:(1957), p. 441.
2180:
2176:
2169:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2126:
2122:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2034:
2030:
2013:
2009:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1964:
1960:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1914:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1861:. 26 June 2022.
1857:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1820:
1816:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1740:
1736:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1678:Simon Wortham,
1677:
1673:
1669:(1991), p. 216.
1661:
1657:
1647:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1509:
1505:
1482:10.2307/2861833
1465:
1459:
1455:
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1426:
1422:
1413:
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1399:
1380:
1376:
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1171:
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1157:
1138:
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1126:
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1112:
1093:
1089:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1005:
998:
985:Agard (1773) .
983:
979:
974:
970:
954:
953:
945:
941:
937:1 (2006) 1-58.
928:
924:
915:
911:
902:
898:
888:
869:
865:
855:
836:
832:
825:
821:
813:
809:
800:
799:
795:
785:
783:
768:
764:
756:
752:
743:
739:
735:
625:
623:Later proposals
525:, brought up a
506:
443:Chelsea College
431:The New Academy
414:
384:Salomon's House
348:
336:John Dodderidge
326:, and then the
317:
298:James Strangman
272:Michael Heneage
169:
109:
89:Chelsea College
85:Gresham College
69:learned society
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2473:Samuel Johnson
2470:
2465:
2460:
2458:Jonathan Swift
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:James VI and I
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2386:
2385:
2365:10.2307/367524
2359:(3): 273â286.
2348:
2330:(3): 291â300.
2319:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2278:
2251:
2225:
2218:
2194:
2186:Cleanth Brooks
2174:
2167:
2147:
2140:
2120:
2117:. Benj. Tooke.
2103:
2096:
2076:
2055:
2028:
2007:
1991:
1958:
1941:
1908:
1891:
1884:
1864:
1847:
1840:
1814:
1792:
1775:
1753:
1744:"Introduction"
1734:
1715:
1708:
1688:
1671:
1655:
1622:
1589:
1556:
1549:
1528:
1522:0-906-245-06-0
1521:
1503:
1453:
1420:
1407:
1374:
1341:
1329:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1247:
1214:
1198:
1165:
1132:
1120:
1087:
1065:
1032:
996:
977:
968:
939:
922:
909:
896:
863:
830:
819:
807:
793:
762:
760:(1995), p. 7a.
750:
736:
734:
731:
687:Matthew Arnold
683:Samuel Johnson
672:Alexander Pope
664:Joseph Addison
652:Jonathan Swift
637:Lewis Maidwell
624:
621:
595:Lord Cavendish
541:Abraham Cowley
505:
502:
490:Samuel Hartlib
447:Nicholas Fiske
413:
410:
402:Thomas Bushell
347:
344:
316:
315:
313:Francis Thynne
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
288:William Patten
285:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
252:William Camden
249:
247:Hugh Broughton
244:
239:
234:
229:
222:
189:William Camden
168:
165:
157:Walter Raleigh
126:Nicholas Bacon
108:
105:
93:Durham College
60:
57:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2490:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Francis Bacon
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
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2329:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2288:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2219:9780521377966
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2168:9780674031609
2164:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1999:Frances Yates
1995:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1887:
1885:9780300041804
1881:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1709:9780300112276
1705:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1550:9780712665094
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1227:
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1218:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1186:
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1178:
1177:
1169:
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1153:
1149:
1145:
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1136:
1130:
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1116:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1001:
992:
988:
981:
972:
964:
958:
950:
943:
936:
932:
926:
919:
913:
906:
900:
892:
884:
880:
876:
875:
867:
859:
851:
847:
843:
842:
834:
828:
823:
816:
811:
803:
797:
781:
777:
773:
766:
759:
754:
747:
741:
737:
730:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
668:The Spectator
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
620:
618:
614:
610:
608:
604:
603:Heneage Finch
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
536:
535:Royal Society
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
511:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Constitutions
448:
444:
440:
439:Covent Garden
435:
433:
432:
427:
426:Richard Brome
423:
419:
409:
408:in Somerset.
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:Francis Bacon
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:Henry Ferrers
367:
363:
362:Edmund Bolton
358:
356:
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Thomas Talbot
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:Richard Carew
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:, 1535/6â1615
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
213:
208:
206:
201:
200:Thomas Hearne
196:
194:
190:
184:
182:
178:
174:
164:
162:
158:
154:
153:Thomas Hariot
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
130:Thomas Denton
127:
122:
118:
114:
104:
102:
98:
97:Royal Society
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:court academy
77:
75:
70:
66:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:
35:
30:
19:
2463:Daniel Defoe
2356:
2352:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2291:. Retrieved
2281:
2271:25 September
2269:. Retrieved
2264:
2254:
2244:25 September
2242:. Retrieved
2237:. Letter to
2228:
2208:
2197:
2189:
2177:
2157:
2150:
2130:
2123:
2113:
2106:
2086:
2079:
2069:14 September
2067:. Retrieved
2058:
2048:14 September
2046:. Retrieved
2041:
2031:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1967:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1917:
1911:
1904:Google Books
1899:
1894:
1874:
1867:
1825:
1817:
1806:
1795:
1785:
1778:
1767:
1756:
1747:
1737:
1728:
1718:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1631:
1625:
1598:
1592:
1565:
1559:
1540:
1531:
1512:
1506:
1473:
1469:
1456:
1429:
1423:
1410:
1383:
1377:
1350:
1344:
1332:
1313:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1256:
1250:
1223:
1217:
1201:
1174:
1168:
1141:
1135:
1123:
1096:
1090:
1079:
1068:
1041:
1035:
1008:
990:
980:
971:
948:
942:
934:
930:
925:
912:
904:
899:
872:
866:
839:
833:
827:p. 9 of PDF.
822:
814:
810:
796:
784:. Retrieved
780:the original
775:
765:
757:
753:
745:
740:
724:
701:
694:
690:
680:
667:
660:Daniel Defoe
655:
650:
645:
626:
616:
611:
577:
573:Great Plague
549:Thomas Sprat
544:
539:
519:Bengt Skytte
514:Robert Boyle
508:Around 1660
507:
475:
450:
436:
429:
415:
393:New Atlantis
391:
382:
359:
349:
332:union tracts
318:
308:Francis Tate
237:Robert Beale
226:Arthur Agard
219:
215:
210:
205:Arthur Agard
197:
192:
185:
183:after 1603.
170:
142:
134:inn of court
116:
110:
78:
73:
62:
53:Daniel Defoe
51:(1665), and
39:
33:
31:
29:
2293:12 February
1537:Strong, Roy
629:William III
569:John Dryden
565:Cyril Wyche
510:John Evelyn
340:Walter Cope
173:Antiquaries
49:John Evelyn
45:John Dryden
2478:John Adams
2392:Categories
2267:(11): 9â43
1988:required.)
1938:required.)
1652:required.)
1619:required.)
1586:required.)
1450:required.)
1404:required.)
1371:required.)
1326:required.)
1277:required.)
1244:required.)
1195:required.)
1162:required.)
1117:required.)
1062:required.)
1029:required.)
893:required.)
860:required.)
733:References
708:John Adams
676:Queen Anne
553:Gray's Inn
467:common law
455:Grand Tour
115:published
95:, and the
2381:144193442
1498:164042832
1476:(1): 32.
957:cite book
615:, in his
527:pansophic
471:husbandry
293:John Stow
282:James Ley
193:Britannia
101:pansophic
2438:John Dee
1539:(2000).
935:Prosopon
905:John Dee
786:18 April
523:Comenius
459:heraldry
428:'s play
149:Mortlake
145:John Dee
138:humanist
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